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SectionBLearningAboutLanguage必备知识基础练Ⅰ.单句填空1.Marystudiedhard,(aim)topasstheCollegeEntranceExamination.2.Theprojectispartofanefforttos

avetheanimalsextinction.3.Wewillhavea(far)discussionbeforewedrawafinalconclusion.4.Thereareseveralwaystocreate

andmaintaina(harmony)dormitorylife.5.Startbydoingsomethingsimple,suchas(make)aquickbreakfasteachday.6.Peoplearoundtheworldshouldwork

together(protect)theplantsandanimals.7.Idon’thaveTom’saddress,soIwonderedifbyanychanceyouknowhelives.8.Ifyouare(sense)tootherpeople’sneeds,p

roblems,orfeelings,youshowunderstandingandawarenessofthem.Ⅱ.短语填空insearchof,dieout,knownas,bringabout,onbehalfof,leadto,aswellas,link...t

o1.Aswecansee,somethemeparksareamusingeducational.2.Asweallknow,itishumanactivitiesthattheglobalwarming.3.D

r.Bandingandhisassistantareacurefordiabetesatpresent.4.Obesityandasedentarylifestylehavebeenanincreasedriskofheartdisease.5.Theinvent

ionandtheuseofcellphoneshavegreatchangesinourdailylife.6.Sincehumanbeingspresentedintheworld,thousandsofkindsofanimals

have.7.China’slargestnaturereserve,Changbaishanisawonderfultouristattraction.8.Theteacheracceptedtheawardthewholeclass.Ⅲ.完成句子1.Inprimaryschool,ou

rteachertoldusthat(地球围着太阳转).2.Mybrotheraskedme(我到什么地方去过).3.Myfriendwantedtoknow(我是否愿意)goonaholidaywithher.4.Myparentsa

skedme(我要做什么)aftergraduation.5.Canyougivemesomeadviceon(我如何才能学好英语口语)?Ⅳ.用适当的连接词完成下面短文Iamgoingtotellyouanunbelievab

lethingthathappenedinmyrestauranttoday.Thisafternoonapoorly-dressedgentlemancameintomyrestaurant.Nobodyknew1.hewas.Wewondered2.hewassohungry.We

weresurprised3.hefinishedtwoordersoffoodinaverylimitedtime.Wedoubted4.themanwasabletopaythebill.Thegentlemanasked5.wewou

ldmindwaitingforjustafewminutes.Thenwewereshockedtosee6.hetookoutofanenvelope—amillionpoundbanknote.IaskedMrCle

ments7.itwasgenuine.MrClementssaiditwastruebecausetwoofthisamounthadbeenissuedbytheBankofEnglandthisyear.Hethought8.thegentlemanshowedt

othemcouldn’tbeafake.9.agentlemanwithamillionpoundnotewasinragsandateinoursmallrestaurantwasabigpuzzletoallthepeoplethere.Ireallycouldn’tdescribe10.e

xcitedIwas.能力素养提升练Ⅴ.阅读理解(2021·全国乙卷,C)You’veheardthatplasticispollutingtheoceans—between4.8and12.7milliontonnesenteroceanecosys

temseveryyear.Butdoesoneplasticstraworcupreallymakeadifference?ArtistBenjaminVonWongwantsyoutoknowthatitdoes.Hebuildsmassivesculp

turesoutofplasticgarbage,forcingviewerstore-examinetheirrelationshiptosingle-useplasticproducts.Atthebeginningoftheyear,theartistbui

ltapiececalled“Strawpocalypse,”apairof10-foot-tallplasticwaves,frozenmid-crash.Madeof168,000plasticstrawscollectedfromseveralvolunteerbeachcleanup

s,thesculpturemadeitsfirstappearanceattheEstellaPlaceshoppingcenterinHoChiMinhCity,Vietnam.Just9%ofglobalp

lasticwasteisrecycled.Plasticstrawsarebynomeansthebiggestsource(来源)ofplasticpollution,butthey’verecentlycomeunderfirebecausemost

peopledon’tneedthemtodrinkwithand,becauseoftheirsmallsizeandweight,theycannotberecycled.Everystrawthat’spartofVonWong’sartworklikelycamefroma

drinkthatsomeoneusedforonlyafewminutes.Oncethedrinkisgone,thestrawwilltakecenturiestodisappear.Inapiecefrom2018,VonWongwantedtoillustrate(说

明)aspecificstatistic:Every60seconds,atruckload’sworthofplasticenterstheocean.Forthiswork,titled“TruckloadofPlastic,”VonWon

gandagroupofvolunteerscollectedmorethan10,000piecesofplastic,whichwerethentiedtogethertolooklikethey’dbeendumped(倾倒)fromat

ruckallatonce.VonWonghopesthathisworkwillalsohelppressurebigcompaniestoreducetheirplasticfootprint.1.WhatareVonWong’sar

tworksintendedfor?A.Beautifyingthecityhelivesin.B.Introducingeco-friendlyproducts.C.Drawingpublicattentiontop

lasticwaste.D.Reducinggarbageonthebeach.2.Whydoestheauthordiscussplasticstrawsinparagraph3?A.Toshowthedifficultyoftheirrecycling.B.Toexplai

nwhytheyareuseful.C.Tovoicehisviewsonmodernart.D.Tofindasubstituteforthem.3.Whateffectwould“Truckloado

fPlastic”haveonviewers?A.Calming.B.Disturbing.C.Refreshing.D.Challenging.4.Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleforthetext?A.Artists’Opi

nionsonPlasticSafetyB.MediaInterestinContemporaryArtC.ResponsibilityDemandedofBigCompaniesD.OceanPlasticsTransformedintoS

culpturesⅥ.完形填空(2021·山东枣庄高二期末)Stellahasalotonhermind,andshe’sstartingtolearnhowtosayso.The18-month-old1,who’sbeenlear

ninghowto“speak”fromherowner,alreadyknows292words.Nowsheisstartingto3completesentences.Stella’sremarkable(不同寻常的)abilit

yistheresultofplentyof4withherowner,ChristinaHunger.The26-year-old,whorecordedherpet’s5onherblogeveryday,developedasystemof6thatenab

lesStellato“talk”.Thebuttonssendoutahumanvoice7eachwordastheyarepressed.This8Stellatosteponthe“word”shewantstosayt

oher9.Hungersaysthatwiththehelpofthe10,herdogisabletoformcompletethoughts.“Ifeelcompletely11andshocked,”Hungersaid

.“Everydayshesayssomething12thanshesaidthedaybefore.”Stellawill13wordslike“walk”,“come”and“happy”totellhe

rownerwhatshewants.Hungersaidshecouldevennoticea(n)14reactionfromherpet,whogetsexcitedwhenshe’sabletoexpressanewword.“Shelovessaying‘beach’,”Hungerad

ded.“Shewassohappywhenshe15itandstillsaysitveryoften.”1.A.girlB.dogC.parrotD.boy2.A.differentB.longC.funnyD

.written3.A.gooverB.makeupC.setdownD.sortout4.A.livingB.walkingC.playingD.training5.A.difficultyB.progressC.reactionD.hobby6.A.

lettersB.picturesC.buttonsD.keys7.A.sayingB.softeningC.shoutingD.whispering8.A.instructsB.persuadesC.allowsD.forces9.A.partnerB.ownerC.coac

hD.vet10.A.systemB.theoryC.planD.experiment11.A.disappointedB.worriedC.amazedD.relieved12.A.coolerB.str

angerC.shorterD.sweeter13.A.copyB.hearC.describeD.use14.A.emotionalB.complexC.slowD.abnormal15.A.foundB.sawC.learnedD.finished

Ⅶ.语法填空(2021·山东威海高二期末)Intheearly1990s,somethinghappenedtoIndianvultures(秃鹰).Inlessthanadecade,thethreemostcommonIndianvultures

peciesdeclinedby95percent.Thewhite-backedIndia’svulturepopulation,1.wasoncethemostcommonlargebirdofpreyontheearth,fellbyanincredible99

.9percent.Itwasoneofthefastest2.(collapse)ofanybirdspeciesinhistory.Scientistseventuallytracedthecauseto3.pain-ki

llingdrugcalleddiclofenac,whichwasused4.(treat)sicklivestock.Althoughsafeforcows,itisdeadlytovultures.Tostopthe

decline,India’sgovernment5.(ban)thedrug’suseonanimalsin2006.Today,Indianvultures’declineisslowing.Conservationistsarenowworriedsomethingsimila

rmaybehappeninginAfrica.Thecontinenthasalreadylostoneof6.(it)elevenvulturespecieswithsevenothers7.(endanger).

AswithIndia,amajorthreatispoisoning.Inruralcommunities,whenalionattacksacow,thefarmersoftenputpoisonint

hecow’sdeadbody.However,vulturesalsodiefromthepoisonwhen8.(get)foodfromapoisoneddeadbody.9.(hope),AfricacanlearnfromIndia’sr

ecentsuccesses.Vulturesareoneofnature’smostimportantscavengers.10.protection,Africa’svulturesmaybeextinctwithinthenext50

to100years.答案：Ⅰ.1.aiming2.from3.further4.harmonious5.making6.toprotect7.where8.sensitiveⅡ.1.aswellas2.leadto3.insearchof4.linkedto5.b

roughtabout6.diedout7.Knownas8.onbehalfofⅢ.1.theearthgoes/movesaroundthesun2.whereIhadbeen3.whetherIwouldliketo4.whatIwou

lddo5.howIcanlearnspokenEnglishwellⅣ.1.who2.why3.that4.whether/if5.whether/if6.that7.whether/if8.what9.Why10.

howⅤ.【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了艺术家本杰明用塑料垃圾创作了雕塑作品从而引起人们对塑料垃圾的注意和警惕。1.C推理判断题。第一段中提出塑料会污染海洋,但是塑料吸管或者塑料杯是否也有影响呢?艺术家本杰明用塑料废物做成了艺术作品,引起公众

对塑料垃圾的注意。故选C项。2.A推理判断题。根据第三段第二句可知,塑料吸管不是塑料污染的最大来源,但是由于体积和重量的缘故,它们是不能回收的。故选A项。3.B推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中的“Every60seconds...whichwerethentiedtogethert

olooklikethey’dbeendumpedfromatruckallatonce.”可知,这么多塑料垃圾倒入海洋,数量之庞大,令人不安。故选B项。4.D标题归纳题。文章开头就提出了塑料污染问题,然后着重讲述了艺术家本杰明利用塑料垃圾做成雕塑来引起人们

对塑料废物的注意。故选D项。Ⅵ.【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述ChristinaHunger教自己的小狗Stella学习“说话”的故事。1.B根据第二段最后一句中的“herdogisabletoformcompletethoughts.”可知,此处指的是

18个月大的狗。2.A根据后文“Nowsheisstartingto3completesentences.”可知,此处表示学习了29个不同的(different)单词。3.B根据空后“completesentences”可知,空处需用makeup表示造完整的句子。4.D根据后文“developed

asystemof6thatenablesStellato‘talk’.”可知,此处指因为ChristinaHunger大量训练(training),小狗Stella才有着非凡的能力——“说话”。5.B根据前文动词

“recorded”和空后“onherblogeveryday”可知,空处需用名词progress,表示记录进步。6.C根据后文“Thebuttonssendout...”可知,此处指的是按钮(buttons)。7.A根据下文“...onthe‘word’shewan

tstosay”可知,此处指说出(saying)这些单词。8.C前文说按下按钮时,每个单词都会发出人声。由此可知,此处表示踩到按钮可以允许(allows)Stella表达对主人想说的话。9.B因为是ChristinaHunger在训练Stella,所以此处表示对主人

(owner)想说的“话”。10.A根据前文“developedasystemof6thatenablesStellato‘talk’.”可知,此处指帮助狗说话的系统(system)。11.C根据空后“andshocked”可知,所填的词与shocked

同义,所以用amazed,表示非常吃惊。12.A根据前文“‘Ifeelcompletely11andshocked’Hungersaid.”可知,此处表示说一些更酷的(cooler)话。13.D根据空后“like‘walk’,‘come’an

d‘happy’...”可知,此处指用(use)这些单词告诉主人她要什么。14.A根据下文“whogetsexcited...”可知,此处指情绪上的(emotional)反应。15.C根据下文“andstills

aysitveryoften.”可知,此处表示学会(learned)的时候很开心。Ⅶ.【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。本文介绍了印度秃鹰濒临灭绝的现状,分析了其原因以及所采取的措施。1.which考查非限制性定语从句。先行

词是指物的名词,关系词在定语从句中作主语,所以用which引导该非限制性定语从句。2.collapses考查名词复数。根据其前的“oneofthefastest”可知该名词要用复数形式。3.a考查冠词。根据语境可知,“一种名为双氯芬酸的止痛药物”是首次提及且表泛指,pain-killing

是以辅音音素开头的词,所以应用不定冠词a。4.totreat考查非谓语动词。beusedtodosth“被用来做……”,所以填totreat。5.banned分析句子成分可知,设空处作谓语,根据时间状语“in2006”可知,应用一般过去时态,故填banned。6.its考查代词。设空

处作定语,表示“它的”,所以应用形容词性物主代词。7.endangered考查形容词。设空处在with复合结构中作宾语补足语,表示被动,故填endangered。8.getting考查非谓语动词。get与其逻辑主语vultures之间是主动关系,所以用动词-ing形式。9.Hop

efully分析句子结构可知,设空处作状语,修饰整个句子,所以应用副词形式。