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SectionBLearningAboutLanguage必备知识基础练Ⅰ.单句填空1.Themanagerhasarrangedforus(have)ameetingintheafternoon.2.ThebeautyofVeniceconsistslargelythestyleofit

sancientbuildings.3.Hecouldhearherdog(bark)andwhininginthedistanceatthemoment.4.Afterhisgraduationfrom

college,he(assign)toworkattheforeignministry.5.(unfortunate),herworksdidnotattractmuchattentioninthe1930sand1940s.6.Weareverymuchinterest

edinyourproducts(advertise)onChina’sForeignTrade.7.Iwouldappreciateitifyoucouldapprovemy(apply)andinformmeoftheinterview.8.Thelittleboyisdirt

yfromheadtofootbecausehe(play)inthemudallthemorning.Ⅱ.短语填空(be)enthusiasticabout,underhisguidance,(be)proudof,inalldirections,tryo

urbest,workasateam,eventhough,inarudemanner1.Themorningsunrisesintheeast,sheddingitsrays.2.Iwasverythelect

ure,buthisremarkonitmademedisappointed.3.MrJohnsonwasgratefulforandhisson’sremarkableperformance.4.Wedecided

totosolvetheproblem,howeverdifficultitwas.5.,theworkersfinallymanagedtosolvetheproblemaheadofschedule.6

.Organizedgamescanteachushowtoandgetalongwithothers.7.Allofuswereshockedtoheartheboytalking.8.Youhavetolearntotakedownthekeypointsyoudon’ttaketh

emin.Ⅲ.句式升级1.Whatevertheresultis,weshouldacceptitwithasmile,becausewehavetriedourbest.(升级为nomatter...引导的让步状语从句),weshouldacceptitwithasmil

e,becausewehavetriedourbest.2.Theyspentseveralhoursmakingtheoldmanconvincedofthesafetyoftravellingby

air.(升级为it作形式主语的句子)theoldmanconvincedofthesafetyoftravellingbyair.3.Afterhegraduatedfromcollege,DrYuandevotedhimselft

otheagriculturalstudyonceandforall.(升级为介词短语),DrYuandevotedhimselftotheagriculturalstudyonceandforall.4.

Theshopsaidtheywouldreplacethetelevisionifitwasstillunderguarantee.(升级为aslongas引导的条件状语从句)Theshopsaidtheywouldreplacethetelevisio

n.5.Althoughtheywerelivingindifferentera,theysharesomecommoncharacteristics.(升级为省略句),theysharesomecommonc

haracteristics.Ⅳ.完成句子1.你的衣服满是灰尘,我想你一直在打扫教室吧。Yourclothesarecoveredwithdust.You,Ithink.2.你看起来又瘦又累,你近来工作太辛苦了。Youlookthina

ndtired.Youtoohardrecently.3.这个女孩弄丢了她的钥匙,她到处找都找不到。Thegirl.Shecan’tfindthemanywhere.4.这个月我一直在参观中国的一些城市。IsomecitiesofChinathismonth.5.这本书我已读了两个小

时了,但我还没读完。Ifortwohours,butIhaven’tfinishedit.能力素养提升练Ⅴ.阅读理解Aperfectlypreservedwreck(沉船)thathaslainunnoticedintheicyBalticSeaforover500yearshasfina

llybeenconfirmed.TheEuropeanshipwasfirstobservedin2009,whenasonar(声呐)explorationbytheSwedishMaritimeAdministration(SMA)ind

icatedalargeobjectinthearea.However,itwasnotuntilearly2019thatresearchersfromSotonandMMTfoundevidenceofthesunkenshipusingu

nderwaterroboticcameras.Whentheteamobservedthepicturesofthe60-foot-longshipwreck,theyweresurprisedtodiscoveritwas99perc

entcomplete.Thescientistsconsideredthatthewreck’sgoodconditionisduetoitsplaceintheBalticSeabed,wheretheoxygenlevelsar

elow.Oxygeniskeytomostoceanlife’ssurvival.Therefore,suchanenvironmentwheretheshipwreckstaysreducesorcompletelyremovesthecreatur

esthatfeedonrottingwood.SoalthoughthisshipiscontemporarytothetimesofChristopherColumbus,itshowsaremarkablelevelofpreservationafter500year

satthebottomofthesea.Dr.Pacheco-Ruiz,wholedtheMMTeffort,said,“It’salmostlikeitsankyesterday.It’satrulyastonishingsight.”Thescientistsar

eunsurewhatlettheshipsink.However,theship’sguns,whichareintheir“readytofire”positions,indicateitmayhavebeenthevictimofanavalbattle.Sinceth

eshipdatesbacktotheearly16thcentury,historianspredictitmayhavesunkduringSweden’sthreeyearindependencewarwithitsDanishrulers

between1521and1523.Alternatively,itcouldalsohavebeeninvolvedintheborderdispute(争端)betweenRussiaandSweden

from1554to1557.Theshipisbyfarthebest-preservedshipwreckeverfoundfromtheAgeofExploration,whenEuropeansex

ploredtheworldbysea.What’smoreexcitingisthattheshipissimilartothePintaandLaNina,whichColumbusfamouslysail

edtowardNorthAmerica.Thescientists,whocontinuetoobservetheshipwreckhopetheboat’sdesignwillexposesomeofthetechnologiesavaila

bletotheItalianexplorerduringhis1492voyageofdiscovery.1.WhatscientificachievementdidSoton’sandMMT’sr

esearchersmake?A.Discoveringawreckusingsonar.B.Gettingthewreckoutoficywater.C.IdentifyingtheobjectfoundbySMA.D.Makingtheancientwreckwell

preserved.2.Whatcanwelearnabouttheplaceofthesunkenship?A.Itisgenerallyunfitforcreaturestolivein.B.Itistoughforscientiststodo

research.C.Itcontainstoomanyharmfulgases.D.Itisfilledwithrottingwood.3.WhatdidDr.Pacheco-Ruiz’swordsreflec

t?A.Hiscuriosityaboutthetimewhentheshipsank.B.Hisamazementattheship’spreviousgrandness.C.Hissurpriseatthewreck’swell-preserve

dcondition.D.HisshockatthesinkingofthegreatEuropeanship.4.What’sparagraph4mainlyabout?A.Thedamagetotheship.B.Thec

ausesoftheship’ssinking.C.Theconstructionoftheship.D.Thepossiblefunctionoftheship.Ⅵ.完形填空(2021·山东威海高二期末)HunterLeininger,fromGeorgia,USAhasbeenadv

entureracing(探险速度赛)sincehewassevenyearsold.Now,atage19,hehassetworldrecords,traveledaroundtheglobe,and

1over50races!Andheisnowonamissionto2otheryoungpeopletofollowtheirown3.Hunterbecameinterestedinadventureracingthroughhisdad.Whilep

layingfootball,Hunterwaslookingto4somethingnew.Heaskedhisdadifhecould5himinanadventurerace,andhewentontocompleteh

isfirstraceinabout6hours.Hehaslearnedalotofperseverancethroughadventureracing.Therecanbealotof6inarace,butifyoudropout,yourwholeteamwillhaveto7.This

isunlikeotherteamsports,whereyoucanstopandbe8byanotherplayer.Inracing,andinhislife,thesporthas9Huntertokeepgoingwhentimesget10.

AsreportedbytheUSARA,Hunterwantstoinspireyoungpeoplethattheycan11incrediblethingsatwhatever12andthattheydon’thaveto13untiltheygetolder.14peop

leputofftheirdreamsatayoungage,theytendtonevercomebacktothem,which15themneveraccomplishinganything.Thebesttimetodosomethingisnow,sogoafte

ryourdreamsbeforeit’stoolate!1.A.missedB.reportedC.organizedD.completed2.A.inspireB.inviteC.adviseD.order3.A.inte

restsB.dreamsC.pathsD.rhythms4.A.tryB.discoverC.createD.share5.A.helpB.meetC.accompanyD.join6.A.funB.harmC.painD.cooperation7.A.restartB.stop

C.changeD.struggle8.A.replacedB.supportedC.encouragedD.caught9.A.requiredB.forcedC.attractedD.taught10.A.betterB.tougherC.specialD.strange11.A.accept

B.imagineC.chooseD.achieve12.A.ageB.levelC.degreeD.status13.A.waitB.practiceC.performD.compete14.A.UnlessB.Alt

houghC.OnceD.Because15.A.avoidsB.preventsC.resultsinD.objectstoⅦ.语法填空(2021·山东菏泽高二期末)Researchersbelievetheyhavefounda1.(previo

us)unknownkindofwhaleinwatersoffMexico’swesterncoast.Ifothersconfirmthefinding,thenewwhalewouldbeanimportant2.(discover)amonggia

ntanimals.Theteamofresearcherscameuponthreeunusualwhaleswhile3.(follow)araregroupofbeakedwhales(突吻鲸)onNov.17.ThewhaleswerenearMexico’sd

istantSanBenitoIslands,4.isabout500kmsouthoftheU.S.border.Beakedwhalesusuallyavoidcontactwithhumans.Theseanimalssuddenlyappearednearthesu

rfacerightnexttotheboat.It’sveryraretoseeabeakedwhale,andtofindafriendlygroupofbeakedwhales.It’seven5.(r

are).Researchersdidnotrealizetheywereseeingapossiblenewkindofwhaleuntillater.Thegroup,6.(lead)bythenon-profitSenSh

epherdConservationSociety,sawsomethingdifferentaboutthewhales’7.(tooth)whentheystudiedphotostheytookoftheanimals.Theunderwaterrecording

softhewholes’callsalsosuggestedthattheyweredifferent8.allothers.Theresearchersarenowwaitingfortestre

sultsonwaterthey9.(collect)nearthewhales.Therecouldbeskincellsinthewaterfromthewhales.Ifso,theywillexami

netheDNAtoconfirm10.thewhalesareanewspecies.答案：Ⅰ.1.tohave2.in3.barking4.wasassigned5.Unfortunately6.advertised7.a

pplication8.hasbeenplayingⅡ.1.inalldirections2.enthusiasticabout3.proudof4.tryourbest5.Underhisguidance

6.workasateam7.inarudemanner8.eventhoughⅢ.1.Nomatterwhattheresultis2.Ittookusseveralhourstomake3.Aftergraduatingfromcollege4.aslongasitwas

stillunderguarantee5.AlthoughlivingindifferenteraⅣ.1.havebeencleaningtheclassroom2.havebeenworking3.haslostherkeys4.havebeenvi

siting5.havebeenreadingthisbookⅤ.【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文。一艘保存完好的沉船在冰冷的波罗的海沉睡了500多年,如今它终于得到了证实。文章介绍了这艘沉船保存完好的原因和沉没的原因,以及研究者的更多发现。1.C细节理解题。根据第一段中的“However

,itwasnotuntilearly2019thatresearchersfromSotonandMMTfoundevidenceofthesunkenshipusingunderwaterroboticcameras.”可知,Soton和MMT的研究人员的成就

是识别出了瑞典海事管理局发现的物体。2.A推理判断题。根据第二段中的“Thescientistsconsideredthatthewreck’sgoodconditionisduetoitsplaceintheBalticSeabed,where

theoxygenlevelsarelow.Oxygeniskeytomostoceanlife’ssurvival.”可知,科学家们认为,沉船状况良好是因为它位于波罗的海海底,那里的氧气含量很低。氧气是大多数海洋生物生存的关键。由此推测,沉船的地点氧气含量很低,不

适合生物居住。3.C推理判断题。根据第三段中的“Dr.Pacheco-Ruiz,wholedtheMMTeffort,said,‘It’salmostlikeitsankyesterday.It’satrulyastonishingsight.’”可知,帕切科—鲁

伊斯博士的话反映了他对残骸保存完好的惊讶。4.B段落大意题。根据第四段中的“Thescientistsareunsurewhatlettheshipsink.However,theship’sguns,

whichareintheir‘readytofire’positions,indicateitmayhavebeenthevictimofanavalbattle.”可知,科学家们不确定是什么让这艘船沉没的。然而,舰炮处于“随时准备开火”的位置,表明它可能是海战的受害者。

由此可知,第四段讲述的是船沉没的原因。Ⅵ.【语篇解读】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。美国佐治亚州现19岁的亨特·莱宁格已经创造了世界纪录,环游世界,完成了50多场比赛。1.D根据“hehassetworldrecords,traveledaroundtheglo

be”可知,他完成了(completed)50多场比赛。2.A根据下文“toinspireyoungpeoplethattheycan...”可知,他现在的使命是激励(inspire)其他年轻人追随自己的

梦想。inspiresbtodosth“激励某人做某事”。3.B根据下文“Hunterbecameinterestedinadventureracingthroughhisdad.”可知,这是他的梦想,所以此处是激励其他年轻人追随自己的梦想(dreams)。4.A根据“somethingnew”可

知,亨特想尝试(try)一些新事物。5.D根据“inanadventurerace”和“completehisfirstrace”可知,他问他的爸爸是否可以和他一起参加(join)冒险比赛。6.C根据“butifyoudrop

out”中的转折含义可知,比赛中可能会有很多痛苦(pain)。7.B根据下文“Thisisunlikeotherteamsports,whereyoucanstopandbe8byanotherplayer.”可知,如果你退出比赛,你的整个团队将不得不停止(stop)。8.A根据“bya

notherplayer”可知,此处指由另一名运动员取代(replaced)。9.D根据“tokeepgoing”可知,这项运动教会了(taught)亨特坚持下去。10.B根据上文“Hehaslearnedalotofper

severancethroughadventureracing.”可知,是在困难(tougher)时期坚持下去。11.D根据“incrediblethings”可知,此处指实现(achieve)不可思议的事情。12.A根据“they

don’thaveto13untiltheygetolder”可知,亨特希望激励年轻人可以在任何年龄(age)实现不可思议的事情。13.A根据下文“untiltheygetolder”和“peopleputofftheirdreamsatayo

ungage”可知,是不必等到自己变老。14.C根据“theytendtonevercomebacktothem”可知,一旦(once)人们在年轻的时候推迟梦想,他们往往就不会再去实现它。15.C根据“neveraccomplishin

ganything”可知,人们在年轻的时候推迟梦想会导致(resultsin)他们永远无法完成任何事情。Ⅶ.【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。研究人员认为他们在墨西哥西海岸海域发现了一种以前不为人知的鲸鱼,他们将检测这些鲸鱼的DNA,以确定它们是否是一个新物种。1.pr

eviously考查副词。所填的词修饰形容词unknown,所以用副词形式。2.discovery考查名词。此处泛指“一项重要发现”,应用名词discovery的单数形式。3.following考查省略句。句子补全为wh

iletheywerefollowing...。4.which考查定语从句。此处是非限制性定语从句,先行词是SanBenitoIslands,指物,关系词在从句中作主语,应用关系代词which引导。5.rarer考查比较级。根据空前even可知,此处应用比较级,even放在

比较级前面加强语气。6.led考查非谓语动词。句子主语Thegroup和lead之间是逻辑上的动宾关系,应用过去分词作后置定语。7.teeth考查名词复数。此处指鲸的“牙齿”,牙齿不止一颗,应用复数形式。8.from考查介词。bedifferent

from“与……不同”。9.collected考查动词时态。根据语境可知,此处描述的是过去的动作,应用一般过去时。