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选择性必修第三册Unit4AdversityandCourage高考题型组合练Ⅰ.阅读理解AUntilnow，scientistshaven’tbeenabletostudythenewrockonthemoon.Thenewsamplesfrom

Chang’e5willchangethis.They’refromnearMonsRümker，avolcanicmountainwheretherockisthoughttobemuchyoung

er—about1billionyearsold.Therearealotofreasonsscientistsareeagertostudythisyoungerrock，oneofwhichisthatitcouldhelpusm

orepreciselydatenotonlythemoon，butmanyrockyplanetsandotherobjects.Here’showthatworks:Scientistsdatelunarrockbyusingsomethingcal

ledachronologycurve(年代学曲线)，saysJolliff，ascientistatWashingtonUniversityinSt.Louis.Basically，theyestimatetheageoftherockbycountingthenumberofcr

atersintheareatherockcomesfrom;thoseincreaseasobjectsstriketherockovertime.Tomakethisestimation，scientistsneedto

matchthenumberofcraterstoapreciseage.Rightnow，theyonlyhavedatapointsforlunarrockthatis3to4billionyearsold.Moderntechniquescandat

ethenewsampleextremelyaccurately，andoncescientistsknowitspreciseage，theycanaddavaluabledatapointtotheirchronologycurve.Th

edatingsystemwillalsohelpusmoreaccuratelyestimatetheageofallsortsofobjectsinspace，likerockyplanetsandothermoons.Anotherreasonscient

istsarekeentostudythisyoungvolcanicrockistofindoutmoreabouthowvolcanismworksonthemoon.Jolliffsaysthatit’sunclearwhytherewasv

olcanicactivityonthemoonforsuchalongperiodoftime.Mostofthemoon’svolcanicactivity，hesays，isthoughttohaveoccurred3or4billionyea

rsago，whenthemoonwasstillprettyyoung.Butsincethemoondoesnothaveplatestructure，whichdrivesvolcanismonEarth，it’sunclearwhatcouldhavecausedm

uchlatervolcanicactivity.“That’ssomethingthatyoucanfindoutofthesamplesbystudyingtheminthelab，”Jolliffsays.语篇解读本文是一篇说明文。嫦娥五号带回的样本

使得研究月球上的新岩石成为可能，而研究这种岩石的好处是什么呢？文章对此进行了说明。1．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“this”inparagraph1referto?A．Thefactofbeingunabl

etostudythenewrock.B．ThenewrockfromnearMonsRümker.C．Oneofthereasonstostudythemoon’snewrock.D．Thestudyofthemoon’syou

ngerrock.答案A解析代词指代题。根据第一段中“Untilnow，scientistshaven’tbeenabletostudythenewrockonthemoon.”并结合画线词所在句可推断，this指的是上文中提到的“科学家无法研究月球上的新岩石”这一事实。故选A。2

．Scientistsresearchthisyoungerrockbecausetheycan.A．ensuretherewasvolcanicactivityonthemoonB．morepreciselydateonlythemoonC．dat

elunarrockbyusingachronologycurveD．explorehowvolcanismworksonthemoon答案D解析细节理解题。根据第四段首句可知，科学家们研究这些新岩石是因为他们能够探索月球上的火山活动是如何发生的。故选D。3．Wha

tcanweinferfromthelastparagraph?A．Scientistsarekeentostudythisyoungvolcanicrock.B．Scientistscan’tknowwhyvolcanicactivityexistsonthemoon.

C．Themoon’svolcanicactivityoccurred3or4billionyearsago.D．It’sclearwhatcouldhavecausedmuchlatervolcanicactivity.答案B解析推理判断题。

根据最后一段中“Butsincethemoondoesnothaveplatestructure，whichdrivesvolcanismonEarth，it’sunclearwhatcouldhavecausedmuchlatervolcanicactivity.”可推断，科学家们不知

道月球上为什么会有火山活动。故选B。4．Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A．HowScientistsStudytheYoungerRockB．WhytheResearchIsImportantC．WhytheYoungerRockIsWorthStudying

D．WhatScientistsDotoStudytheYoungerRock答案C解析标题归纳题。通读全文可知，文章首段前两句引出了科学家能对月球上的新岩石进行研究的话题，接下来对研究这种岩石的好处进行了说明。因此C项(为什么新岩石值得研究)能够准确概括文章大意，适合作为标题。故

选C。BIn2016，inanIllinoistowncalledCahokia，awomanwassenttoprisonjustbecauseshefailedtotendherlawn(草坪)．In2019，aFloridam

anwasfined$30,000bythecityofDunedinforallowinghisgrasstogrowmorethan10inchesinheight.Theseexamples，w

hileextreme，arenotrareoccurrenceinAmerica.Astudyestimatedthatturfgrasses(lawns，parks，athleticfields，e

tc.)coverover40millionacresinthecontinentalU．S.，anarealargerthananycroparea.AndAmericansspendasmuchas$60billionayearmaintainin

gthesegrasses.TheseimpressivedataaretheresultofAmericans’settingmuchstorebythesepiecesofgreeneryforseveralcenturies.Centuriesago，onlythosewi

thconsiderablewealthcouldowntheresourcesneededtomaintainthesedisplays.Inthemodernworld，lawnshavegraduallychangedfromtheest

atesofthewealthytothefrontyardsofcommonpeople.AcrossAmerica，millionsoffamiliesnowproudlypresenttheirgrasstotheirneighbors

anddriversbycarefullyweeding，watering，fertilizingandmowingthesesmall-scalerepresentationsofthegrounds.Withthiscontextinmi

nd，it’seasytoseewell-tendedlawnsinAmerica.Peopletendtouselawnstocreateanimpressionoforderortoindicateasen

seofpersonalsuccess.Therelativehealthandattractivenessofthegrassintheiryardbecomesabarometer(晴雨表)fortheirlifeasawhole.

However，withsomanyacrescoveredbythegrass，theinfluenceassociatedwithlawnmaintenanceismorethanjustpsychological.To

beginwith，alawnrequiresmassivequantitiesofresourcestosustain.TheU．S.DepartmentofAgricultureestimatesthatlawnsacc

ountforabouthalfofhomeowner’swateruse，muchofwhichiswasted.Additionally，Americansarereportedtouse80millionpoundsofchemica

lsontheirlawnseachyear.Theprocessoftendingthelawnalsocontributestoairpollution.Thesesurprisingdatameanweneedtoquestionwhetherlawnsprovid

euswithenoughbenefittojustifytheirwidespreadexistence.语篇解读本文是一篇说明文。美国人对草坪的情有独钟有着历史渊源，但大面积的草坪对环境有着重大的负面影响。5

．Whyarethetwolawn-relatedcasesmentionedinthefirstparagraph?A．ToexplaintheeffectivenessofAmericanlaws.B．Tosho

wthesignificanceoflawnsinAmericansociety.C．TostressAmericans’awarenessofenvironmentalprotection.D．Torevea

lthecostofmaintaininglawnsinAmericans’dailylife.答案B解析推理判断题。根据第一段介绍的两个案例并结合下文美国人对草坪的喜爱与重视可知，作者通过这两个案例说明了草坪在美国社会的重要性。故选B。6．Whatdoestheunderlinedp

artinthesecondparagraphmean?A．Makingfulluseof.B．Facingtheconsequenceof.C．Attachinggreatimportanceto.D．Shoulderingtheresponsibilityfor.答案C解析词义猜测题。根

据画线处的上文“Astudyestimatedthatturfgrasses...asmuchas$60billionayearmaintainingthesegrasses.”可知，草坪在美国大陆占地面积

很大，美国人为维护草坪花了很多钱。由此可知画线处表示美国人对草坪非常重视。故选C。7．WhydoAmericanshaveapreferenceforwell-tendedlawns?A．Becauseofthepsychologicalfunctionofl

awns.B．BecauseofthepopularityoflawnsinAmericans’life.C．Becauseofthepurposeofplacingbarometersinlawns.

D．Becauseofthemethodofplantinghealthyandattractivelawns.答案A解析推理判断题。根据第四段中“Peopletendtouselawnsto...becomesabarometer(晴雨表)fortheirlifeasawhole

.”可推断，美国人喜欢精心照料的草坪是因为草坪在人们的心理构建方面的功能。故选A。8．WhatcanweknowaboutthelawnsintheU．S.accordingtothepassage?A．Theywillbeexpandedtoc

overmorelands.B．Theycausesignificantenvironmentalconcerns.C．Theywillmotivatepeopletobehealth-conscious.D．Theycanpromotethedevelo

pmentofthechemicalindustry.答案B解析细节理解题。根据第五段中“Tobeginwith，alawnrequiresmassivequantitiesofresourcestosustain...alsocontributestoairpollutio

n.”可知，大面积的草坪造成了重大的环境问题。故选B。Ⅱ.完形填空Iamasinglefatherwithtwoyoungdaughters.Ithadbeena(n)1year：Beingoutofwork2meofareliableincomeandthus

Iwasalwayslowonmoney.Ihatedto3mygirls.ButasNewYearapproached，withlittlechoice，Iwas4totellthegirls，“Itlookslikeourgiftwillbethegiftofour5foreachoth

er.”Still，Icouldn’tstopfeeling6.Then，unexpectedly，a(n)7happenedtome.I8$1,000inacontest.Togivethema9，Ikep

titasecretandwentshoppingonmyown.BackhomeIwrappedpresentsinthebasementformygirls，allthetime10，“Boy，howamazedt

heywillbe！”Thenextmorning，to11thegifts，Iwenttothelivingroomand12.Therewerealreadydozensofpresents—allwithmynameonthe

m.Mygirlshadfelt13thatDadwouldn’tbegettinganygifts，sothey’d14wrappedtheirfavoritestuffedanimalsandothertoyssothatIwouldhaveahappy

newyear.AsIstaredatthegiftsthrough15eyes，IpromisedmyselfthatthiswasthebestNewYearthatIhadeverhad.语篇解读本文是一篇记叙文。作者因为失业无

法给女儿们买礼物，非常内疚，于是用一次比赛中意外赢得的一千美元秘密地给女儿们买了礼物。第二天去客厅摆放礼物时，作者却看到女儿们已经为他准备好了礼物，作者对此非常感动。1．A.ordinaryB．happyC．typ

icalD．rough答案D解析ordinary普通的；happy快乐的；typical典型的；rough艰难的。根据后文“Beingoutofwork”可知，作者失业了，所以日子很艰难。2．A.remindedB．robbedC．in

formedD．convinced答案B解析remind提醒；rob剥夺，使失去；inform通知；convince说服。根据空后的“thusIwasalwayslowonmoney”可知，作者总是很拮据，可知失业让作者失去了可靠的收入。3．A.disa

ppointB．warnC．pushD．control答案A解析disappoint使失望；warn警告；push推；control控制。结合上文及常识可知，作者因为失业没有可靠的收入，无法给女儿们买礼物，此处应是表示作者讨厌让女儿们

失望。4．A.askedB．chosenC．expectedD．forced答案D解析ask要求；choose选择；expect期待；force迫使。根据空前“withlittlechoice”可知，作者别无选择，故他是被迫告诉女儿们

。5．A.loveB．requestC．respectD．pity答案A解析love爱；request要求；respect尊重；pity遗憾。根据语境及常识可知，作者买不起礼物，所以礼物只能是他们对彼此的爱了。6．A.responsibleB．

panicC．guiltyD．pleased答案C解析responsible负责的；panic恐慌的；guilty内疚的；pleased高兴的。根据常识可知，作者无法在新年给女儿们买礼物，因此觉得内疚。7．A.ideaB．miracleC．oppor

tunityD．failure答案B解析idea想法；miracle奇迹；opportunity机会；failure失败的事。根据空前的unexpectedly和空后的“$1,000inacontest”可知，作者在比赛中赢了1

000美元，这是一个出乎意料的奇迹。8．A.lostB．discoveredC．donatedD．won答案D解析lose失去；discover发现；donate捐赠；win赢得。根据后文“$1,000inacon

test”和常识可知，此处指在比赛中赢了1000美元。9．A.giftB．favorC．surpriseD．lesson答案C解析gift礼物；favor帮助；surprise惊喜；lesson课程。根据后文“Ikeptitasecretandwentshoppingon

myown”可知，作者秘密地去买了礼物，是为了给女儿们惊喜。10．A.wonderingB．doubtingC．rememberingD．thinking答案D解析wonder想知道；doubt怀疑；remember记得；think思考。后文“Boy，howamazedthe

ywillbe！”是作者内心的想法，此处表示作者在包装礼物时一直在思考。11．A.layoutB．setupC．handoverD．gettogether答案A解析layout摆放，展示；setup建立；handover移交；gettogether收集。根据空后的“t

hegifts，Iwenttothelivingroom”可知，第二天早上，为了摆放礼物，作者走进客厅。12．A.hesitatedB．frozeC．waitedD．rested答案B解析hesitate犹豫；freeze惊呆；wait等待；rest休息。根据后文

“Therewerealreadydozensofpresents—allwithmynameonthem.”可知，客厅里已经有几十份礼物了——上面都有作者的名字，因此作者惊呆了。13．A.thirstyB．coolC．badD．natural答案C解析thir

sty口渴的；cool凉爽的；bad难过的；natural自然的。根据后文“Dadwouldn’tbegettinganygifts”可知，女儿们因为爸爸得不到任何礼物而感到难过。14．A.tightlyB．carefullyC．slightlyD．nervously答案B解

析tightly紧紧地；carefully认真地；slightly稍微；nervously紧张地。根据后文“wrappedtheirfavoritestuffedanimalsandothertoyssothatIwouldhaveahappynewyear”可知，女儿们应是认真地包好

礼物，希望父亲度过一个快乐的新年。15．A.burningB．charmingC．wateryD．picky答案C解析burning燃烧的；charming迷人的；watery泪眼汪汪的；picky挑剔的。结合语境可知

，作者被女儿们的举动所感动，因此应是泪眼汪汪地看着这些礼物。Ⅲ.语法填空Accordingtoarecentsurveyconductedbywenjuan.com，anonlinesurveyplatform，some96pe

rcentofsurveyedyouthsaidtheywerewillingtopurchaseguochaoproducts,1.refertoproductsbyhomegrownbrands.2.thesametime,91.6percentofrespon

dents3.(voice)theirexpectationsformorevideoprogramsdiggingdeeperintotraditionalChineseculture.Theagegroupoftheintervi

eweesrangedfromthepost-80stothepost-2000sgenerations，withthelatter4.(account)for22.1percent.“Nowadaysweare5.(deep)connectedwithmostcountriesinthewor

ld，whichresultsinacomprehensiveunderstandingoftheoutsideworld，yetwestillhaveconfidenceinourownculture.Thissenseofpride6.(

base)onrationalthinking，”saidprofessorSuJunbinofXiamenUniversity.UnlikeoldergenerationswhomightfavorWesterncultureandbrands，Chineseyou

thwerebornandraisedwhenthe7.(country)economywastakingoff，sotheytendtohavestrongconfidenceintheirnationalidentityandculture.Theyhavegained8.fu

llunderstandingoftheoutsideworld，andafterseveralroundsofcomparison，havefinallyfound9.(they)tobeinastrongposition.Sotheti

mingisperfect，Susaid,10.(push)forwardculturalproductsimprintedwithtraditionalChineseculturalfeatures.语篇解读本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了中国年轻一

代的文化自信。1．答案which解析考查定语从句。分析句子可知，空处引导非限制性定语从句，关系词指代先行词guochaoproducts并在从中作主语，故填which。2．答案At解析考查介词。atthesametim

e与此同时，为固定短语，位于句首，首字母大写，故填At。3．答案voiced解析考查时态。由上下文可知陈述的是过去的事情，用一般过去时，故填voiced。4．答案accounting解析考查非谓语动词。此处为“w

ith＋宾语＋宾补”的复合结构，thelatter与accountfor之间是逻辑上的主谓关系，用现在分词表主动，故填accounting。5．答案deeply解析考查副词。修饰动词短语beconnectedwith用副词作状语，表示程度深，故填deeply。6．答案isbased解析

考查时态、语态和主谓一致。bebasedon以……为基础，此处陈述的是客观事实，用一般现在时，主语是单数，故填isbased。7．答案country’s解析考查名词所有格。此处用名词所有格修饰后面的名词economy，表示“国

家的”，故填country’s。8．答案a解析考查冠词。afullunderstandingof对……的充分了解，故填a。9．答案themselves解析考查代词。宾语指的就是主语自己，所以用反身代词作宾语，故填themselves。10．答

案topush解析考查非谓语动词。此处用不定式作原因状语，故填topush。