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选择性必修第二册Unit4JourneyAcrossaVastLand高考题型组合练Ⅰ.阅读理解A“Canyouimagine？”DiébédoFrancisKérésaidtoNPR，“IwasborninBurkinaFaso，alittlevillagewheretherewasnos

chool.AndmyfatherwantedmetolearnhowtoreadandwriteverysimplybecausethenIcouldtranslateorreadhimhisletters.”ThefirstBlackwinnerofthePr

itzkerArchitecturePrizewasassurprisedasanyoneelsetobeselectedforthefield’smostfamousprize.Manyarchitectshadopenlysupposedthat2

022wouldbeSirDavidAdjaye’syear，whoisbestknownfordesigningnotablebuildingsastheNobelPeaceCenterinNorway.Ké

ré，whoisbasedinBerlinbutcentersmuchofhispracticeinAfrica，hasbeen—untilnow—farlesserknown，withbuildingsthatinc

ludeprimaryschoolsandahealthcareclinic.Whenhewastwenty，in1985，KéréearnedascholarshiptostudycarpentryinBerlin.Buthealsoattended

nightschoolandwasadmittedtoTechnischeUniversitätBerlin，fromwhichhegraduatedin2004withanadvanceddegreeinarchitecture.Hewassti

llastudentwhenhedesignedandbuilttheinnovativeGandoPrimarySchool.Kéré’sarchitecturalpracticewasinspiredbyhisownexper

ienceattendingschoolwitharound100otherchildreninaregionwithtemperaturesover100F．“It’sveryhotinside.Andther

ewasnolight，whileoutside，thesunlightwasabundant.Ithink，onedayIshouldmakeitbetter.Iwasthinkingaboutspace，aboutroom，ab

outhowIcouldfeelbetter.”InhisdesignsforGandoPrimarySchoolandNaabaBelemGoummaSecondarySchool，Kérédrewontraditionalbuildingmaterials

suchaslocalclaymixedwithconcrete，andemphasizedshadeandshadows，makingspacesbrightenoughandlettingairin，

andthusreducingtheneedforairconditioning.Hewantedthebuildingstoevokethesenseofanoasis(绿洲)，aplaceformanychildren，tobehap

pyandlearnhowtoreadandwrite.语篇解读本文为一篇记叙文。文章介绍了DiébédoFrancisKéré在2022年成为第一位获得普利兹克建筑奖的黑人建筑师，童年时艰苦的学校条件激励他未来要为孩子们创造良好的学习环境。1．Whydidthe

PritzkerArchitecturePrizeof2022comeoutasasurprise?A．Becauseitisthemostfamousprize.B．Becausethewinneronlydesignsschools.C．BecauseKéréwa

sn’tfirstselectedasacandidate.D．Becauseanothercompetitorwasmorefamous.答案D解析细节理解题。根据第二段可知，业内人士对于SirDavidAdjay

e这位要有名气的建筑家获奖呼声颇高，相比之下最终获奖者的作品主要在非洲且名气不大。故选D。2．WhatinspiredKéré’sarchitecturework?A．HisacademictraininginBerlin.B．Hardshipinhisearlychildho

od.C．Anarchitecturalcontest.D．Hisexperiencetravelingabroad.答案B解析细节理解题。根据第四段可知，Kéré童年时经历的艰苦的学校条件激励他未来要为孩子们创造

良好的学习环境，启发了他的建筑作品。故选B。3．WhichofthefollowingbestdescribesKéréasanarchitect?A．Creativeanduniversal.B．Determinedandambitious.C．Caringand

practical.D．Devotedandproductive.答案C解析推理判断题。根据第四段后两句以及第五段可知，Kéré设计的初衷是改善孩子们的学习环境，在设计中，他非常注重因地制宜，使建筑更有实用性，可以看出Kéré关心他人且很务实。故选C。4．Whatcanbeinferreda

bouttheschoolsdesignedbyKéré？A．Theyarewell-litandcool.B．Theyonlyusetraditionalmaterials.C．Theyneednoair-conditioning.D．Theyareb

uiltonoases.答案A解析推理判断题。根据最后一段中“InhisdesignsforGandoPrimarySchool...makingspacesbrightenoughandlettingairin，andthusreducingtheneedforaircondit

ioning.”可知，Kéré设计的学校采光和通风良好，温度适宜。故选A。B(2023·四川成都诊断性检测)It’sasimpleyeteffectivemessagethatappeals，andleadstoasatisfyingwayofmotiv

atingustopromoteenvironmentalisminourownway.BorninNairobi，LeseinMutunkeiisinhislateteens，andhisTrees4Goalsisthemeanswithwhichhei

ntendstomaketheworldgreener.Itunitestwoofhisself-declaredpassionsinlife：loveoftheoutdoors，withhisloveoffootball.Leseinenjoy

edwalkingintheforest，butrecognisedhiscountrywasexperiencingaseriouslossoftreecover.Between2001and2020，Kenyalost

anestimated11%oftrees，releasingasmanyas176milliontonsofCO2.InablogpostforWWFKenya，Leseinrevealedthat，oncehestartedtheTrees

4Goalsinitiative，heoriginallyplannedtoplantonetreepergoal.By2020，hewantedtotakehiseffortsevenfurther.Whatstartedasonetree

plantedpergoalmushroomedinto11treesplantedpergoal.Explainingthereasoningbehindexpandingthetree-planting，hesaid，“Itrepresents

teameffortinfootballandthecontributionbymyteam.Ihavemanagedtohitthe1,000thtreemilestoneinthelasttwoyears.”Whileit’ssomethingofanowngoaltodestroythe

forestsandjunglesprovidingenormousbiodiversity，innovativeinitiativeslikeTrees4Goalsareanassuredwaytosco

reanenvironmentalisthat-trick.Footballispopular.Itcutsthroughculturalbarriersirrespectiveofthecountryitisplayedi

n.Byincreasingthetreesplantedpergoal，withmoresuchinitiativesspringingup，evenmorewillbegrown.Likeaseed，bestideasstartsmallandchangeint

osomethingthatcanbecomefarlargerthananticipated.WhileLeseincontinuesplanting11treespergoal，Kenyangovernmentisaimi

ngtoensuretheplantingof1.8billiontreestoreach10%forestcoverage.Thesciencebehindisclear：if900millionhectaresaredevotedtohalfa

trilliontrees，theworldcanoffset(抵消)halfofallcarbonreleasedsince1960.语篇解读本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了肯尼亚的一个少年开创了一个项目Trees4Goals，目的是提高肯尼亚的森林覆盖率。5．WhatgaveLesei

ntheideaoflaunchingtheproject?A．ReleaseoftoomuchCO2.B．Dreamofmotivatingothers.C．Passionforsportsandnature.D．Habitofexe

rcisinginthewoods.答案C解析细节理解题。根据第二段第二句可知，正是对于足球和野外的热爱使他创立了这个项目。故选C。6．WhatdidLeseindoin2020?A．HecreatedablogforWWF.B．

Hemultipliedhiscommitment.C．Heplantedonetreeforeachgoal.D．Heextendedhisworktootherteams.答案B解析细节理解题。根据第三段

第二、三句可知，2020年，他加大了自己的投入，从踢进一个球就种植一棵树迅速增加到踢进一个球就种植十一棵树。故选B。7．Whatdotheunderlinedwords“owngoal”inparagraph4referto?A．Aimthatisi

ntendedtoachieve.B．Actionthatharmsone’sowninterests.C．Pursuittowardwhicheffortisdirected.D．Goalthatisscoredforth

eopposingteam.答案B解析词义猜测题。根据画线部分下文“todestroytheforestsandjunglesprovidingenormousbiodiversity”和常识可知，破坏森林和丛林是危害自然、损害自己和他人利益的行为。作者把这种行为比作足球运动中的“乌龙球(

owngoal)”。故选B。8．WhatcanwelearnfromLesein’sstory?A．United，wewin.B．Nopains，nogains.C．Loveme，lovemydog.D．Smalldeeds，bigdifference.答案D解析推理

判断题。根据第一段以及最后一段可推断，文章主要表达的是从小事做起，往往能带来巨大的影响。故选D。CAcomputerprogrammecanidentifybreastcancerfromroutinescans

withgreateraccuracythanhumanexperts，someresearcherssaid.Theyhopedwhattheydevelopedcouldproveabreakthroughinthefightag

ainsttheglobalkiller.Breastcancerisoneofthemostcommoncancersinwomen，withmorethan2millionnewdiagnoseslastyearalone.Regularscreeningisvitalindetecting

theearliestsignsofthediseaseinpatientswhoshownoobvioussymptoms.InBritain，womenover50areadvisedtogetanexaminationofthebreasteverythreeye

ars，theresultsofwhichareanalyzedbytwoindependentexperts.Butinterpretingthescansleavesroomforerror，andasmallpercentageofallmammograms(乳房X光检

查)eitherreturnafalsepositive—misdiagnosingahealthypatientashavingcancer—orfalsenegative—missingthediseas

easitspreads.NowresearchersatGoogleHealthhavetrainedanartificialintelligencemodeltodetectcancerinbreastscansfromthou

sandsofwomeninBritainandtheUnitedStates.Theimageshadalreadybeenreviewedbydoctorsinreallifebutunlikeinaclinicalsetting，themac

hinehadnopatienthistorytoinformitsdiagnoses.TheteamfoundthattheirAImodelcouldpredictbreastcancerfromthescanswithasimilaraccuracylev

eltoexpertradiographers.Further，theAIshowedareductionintheproportionofcaseswherecancerwasincorrectlyidentified—5.7percentintheUSa

nd1.2percentinBritain，respectively.Italsoreducedthepercentageofmisseddiagnosesby9.4percentamongUSpatientsandby2.7percentin

Britain.“Theearlieryouidentifyabreastcancer，thebetteritisforthepatient，”DominicKing，theUKleadatGoogleHealth，toldAFP.“Wethinkaboutthistechnol

ogyinawaythatsupportsandenablesanexpert，orapatientultimately，togetthebestoutcomefromwhateverdiagnosticsthey’vehad.”语篇解读本文

是一篇说明文。最新研究发现，一个计算机程序可以从常规扫描中识别出乳腺癌，而且比人类专家更准确。9．Whatisofgreatimportanceindiscoveringbreastcanceratanearlystage?A．Dailyscanning.

B．Humanexperts.C．Regularscreening.D．Acomputerprogram.答案C解析细节理解题。根据第二段中“Regularscreeningisvitalindetectingtheearliestsignsofthe

diseaseinpatientswhoshownoobvioussymptoms.”可知，定期筛查对于发现乳腺癌的早期症状至关重要。故选C。10．Whatcanweinferaboutbreastcan

cerfromthethirdparagraph?A．Itmaybeconnectedwithage.B．Itcanbecuredinmostcases.C．Thepatientstendtobenegative.D．Itisfrequentlymisdiagnosed.答案A解析推理判断题。根据

第三段中“InBritain，womenover50areadvisedtogetanexaminationofthebreasteverythreeyears...”可推知，乳腺癌与年龄可能有一定的关系。故选A。11．What’sDominicKing’sattit

udetowardthenewtechnology?A．Skeptical.B．Cautious.C．Favorable.D．Indifferent.答案C解析观点态度题。根据最后一段中DominicKing所说的“Wet

hinkaboutthistechnologyinawaythatsupportsandenablesanexpert，orapatientultimately，togetthebestoutcomefromwhateverdiagnosticsthey’vehad

.”可知，他对这项诊断乳腺癌的新技术持赞同的态度。故选C。12．What’sthetextmainlyabout?A．Regularscreeningisimportantforwomenwhoareover50.B．Theearlieryouidentifyabreastcan

certhebettertheresultis.C．Breastcancerisoneofthemostcommoncancersinwomen.D．AIismorepowerfulthanexpertsindiagnosingbreastcancer.答案D解析主旨

大意题。通读全文，尤其是第一段可知，文章主要介绍了一个计算机程序可以从常规扫描中识别出乳腺癌，而且比人类专家更准确。所以D项(人工智能在诊断乳腺癌方面比专家更强大)是文章大意。故选D。Ⅱ.七选五Justasaphilo

sophersays，Ithink，thereforeIam.However，whenitcomestoeffectiveteachingandlearninginformedbycognitivescience—thescienceofthemind—it’sperhapsmorea

ppropriatetosay：1So，whatdoeseffortfulthinkinglooklike?Here，weexploretwomodesofeffortfulthinking，ordiggingdeep.2Ifyouw

erebuildingawell，wouldyouspendfiveminutesdiggingashallowholeandthencallitaday，orwouldyouspendtimeandeffortdiggingcontinuousl

yuntilyoustruckwater?Ithinkwecanallagreethatdiggingdeeperforlongerwouldbebest.3Thelongerandmoreeffortfullywet

hinkaboutsomething，themoredurableits“memorytrace”willbeandthemoreaccessiblethatinformationwillbecome.I

fyouwantlearningtobeconnected，trydigginglikeanarchaeologist.Imagineyouareonanarchaeologicaldig，carefullyunearthingtheremainsofanancientcity.Forins

tance，ratherthansimplylabelinganitem“spoon”，youwouldinsteadtagitas“anironspoon，probablymadeforachild”.Youknowthatorganizingitemsinthiswayiscruciali

fyouwantotherarchaeologistsandresearcherstoidentifyandmakesenseoftheantiquebyitsparts(child，iron)andconnectittotheirownwork.4S

o，inordertopromoteyourdeep，effortfulthinking，you’dbetteruse“how/why”questionsthatinviteconnectionsbetweenthingsandpushfortheprinciplebehindanidea.Bes

ides，consider“whatif...”questionsthatbreakthesurfacefeaturesofanideaandinviteaconsiderationofitsunderlyingcharacteristics.5Lengthenthedurationofeff

ortfulthinkingbykeepingyourselfatthesiteofthoughtforlonger.A．Ithinkdeeply，thereforeIlearn.B．Thinkingdeeplyoftendependsonth

equestionsweask.C．Ifyouwantlearningtobedurable，trydiggingawell.D．Addmoretagsforotherstounderstandandaccesslater.E．It’salsoofgreatimportancenottomove

ontooquickly.F．You’dbettergoonwithwhatyouareworkingonrapidly.G．Itturnsoutthesameistrueforhowwerememberthings.语篇解读本文是一篇议论文。文章主要探讨什么是

深入思考以及如何做到深入思考。1．答案A解析上文引用了哲学家“我思故我在”这一关于思考的观点，然后从认知科学的角度提出另一个说法，所以设空处的内容就是这个说法，而且与引用的句子结构相似。A项(我深入思考，故而我有所学)内容上是关于深入思考与学习的关系，符合题意

。故选A。2．答案C解析下文把思考比作凿井来展开探讨，所以设空处的内容要先引出“凿井”。C项中的“diggingawell”能够引出下文的“凿井”。故选C。3．答案G解析下文讲的内容与记忆相关，G项的“howwerememberthings”引出下文对记忆与思考时间和深度的关系的探

讨。故选G。4．答案D解析上文强调了以添加标签的方式整理物品的重要性，则设空处的内容是总结这种方式。D项(添加更多的标签，从而让其他人之后能够理解和使用)符合题意。故选D。5．答案E解析上文讲的是如何做到深入思考。E项的“also

”是关键词，与上文是递进关系；上文讲的是思考“怎样……/为什么……”和“如果……会怎么样”这两类问题，E项指出了另一重要方面在于“nottomoveontooquickly”，引出下文的具体做法。故选E。