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选择性必修第二册Unit4JourneyAcrossaVastLand高考题型组合练Ⅰ.阅读理解A“Canyouimagine？”DiébédoFrancisKérésaidtoNPR，“IwasborninBurkinaFaso，alittlevillagewheretherewasno

school.AndmyfatherwantedmetolearnhowtoreadandwriteverysimplybecausethenIcouldtranslateorreadhimhisletters.”ThefirstBlack

winnerofthePritzkerArchitecturePrizewasassurprisedasanyoneelsetobeselectedforthefield’smostfamousprize.Manyarchitectshadopenlys

upposedthat2022wouldbeSirDavidAdjaye’syear，whoisbestknownfordesigningnotablebuildingsastheNobelPeaceCenterinNorway.Kéré，wh

oisbasedinBerlinbutcentersmuchofhispracticeinAfrica，hasbeen—untilnow—farlesserknown，withbuildingsthatincludeprimaryschoolsandahealthcareclinic.Whe

nhewastwenty，in1985，KéréearnedascholarshiptostudycarpentryinBerlin.ButhealsoattendednightschoolandwasadmittedtoTechnischeUniversitätBerlin，fromwhic

hhegraduatedin2004withanadvanceddegreeinarchitecture.Hewasstillastudentwhenhedesignedandbuilttheinnovativ

eGandoPrimarySchool.Kéré’sarchitecturalpracticewasinspiredbyhisownexperienceattendingschoolwitharound100otherchildreninaregi

onwithtemperaturesover100F．“It’sveryhotinside.Andtherewasnolight，whileoutside，thesunlightwasabundant.Ithink，onedayIshouldmakeitbette

r.Iwasthinkingaboutspace，aboutroom，abouthowIcouldfeelbetter.”InhisdesignsforGandoPrimarySchoolandNaabaBe

lemGoummaSecondarySchool，Kérédrewontraditionalbuildingmaterialssuchaslocalclaymixedwithconcrete，andempha

sizedshadeandshadows，makingspacesbrightenoughandlettingairin，andthusreducingtheneedforairconditioning.Hewantedthebuildingstoevoke

thesenseofanoasis(绿洲)，aplaceformanychildren，tobehappyandlearnhowtoreadandwrite.语篇解读本文为一篇记叙文。文章介绍了DiébédoFrancisKéré在2022年成为第一位

获得普利兹克建筑奖的黑人建筑师，童年时艰苦的学校条件激励他未来要为孩子们创造良好的学习环境。1．WhydidthePritzkerArchitecturePrizeof2022comeoutasasurprise?A．Becauseitisthemostfamouspr

ize.B．Becausethewinneronlydesignsschools.C．BecauseKéréwasn’tfirstselectedasacandidate.D．Becauseanothercompetitorwasmorefamous.答案D解析细节理

解题。根据第二段可知，业内人士对于SirDavidAdjaye这位要有名气的建筑家获奖呼声颇高，相比之下最终获奖者的作品主要在非洲且名气不大。故选D。2．WhatinspiredKéré’sarchitecturework?A．Hisacademictrainin

ginBerlin.B．Hardshipinhisearlychildhood.C．Anarchitecturalcontest.D．Hisexperiencetravelingabroad.答案B解析细节理解题。根据第四段可知，Kéré童年时经历的艰苦的学校条件激励他未来要为孩子们创造良好的学

习环境，启发了他的建筑作品。故选B。3．WhichofthefollowingbestdescribesKéréasanarchitect?A．Creativeanduniversal.B．Determinedandambitious.C．Caringandpractical.D．Devoteda

ndproductive.答案C解析推理判断题。根据第四段后两句以及第五段可知，Kéré设计的初衷是改善孩子们的学习环境，在设计中，他非常注重因地制宜，使建筑更有实用性，可以看出Kéré关心他人且很务实。故选C。4．Whatcanbeinferredabouttheschoolsdesig

nedbyKéré？A．Theyarewell-litandcool.B．Theyonlyusetraditionalmaterials.C．Theyneednoair-conditioning.D．Theyarebuiltonoases.答案A解析推理判断题。根据最后一

段中“InhisdesignsforGandoPrimarySchool...makingspacesbrightenoughandlettingairin，andthusreducingtheneedforairconditioning.”可知，Kéré设计的学校采光和通风良好，温度适宜。故选A

。B(2023·四川成都诊断性检测)It’sasimpleyeteffectivemessagethatappeals，andleadstoasatisfyingwayofmotivatingustopromoteen

vironmentalisminourownway.BorninNairobi，LeseinMutunkeiisinhislateteens，andhisTrees4Goalsisthemeanswithwhichheintendstoma

ketheworldgreener.Itunitestwoofhisself-declaredpassionsinlife：loveoftheoutdoors，withhisloveoffootball.Leseinenjoyedwalking

intheforest，butrecognisedhiscountrywasexperiencingaseriouslossoftreecover.Between2001and2020，Kenyalostanestimated11%oftrees，releasingasmanya

s176milliontonsofCO2.InablogpostforWWFKenya，Leseinrevealedthat，oncehestartedtheTrees4Goalsinitiative，heoriginallyplannedt

oplantonetreepergoal.By2020，hewantedtotakehiseffortsevenfurther.Whatstartedasonetreeplantedpergoalmushro

omedinto11treesplantedpergoal.Explainingthereasoningbehindexpandingthetree-planting，hesaid，“Itrepresentsteameffortinfootballand

thecontributionbymyteam.Ihavemanagedtohitthe1,000thtreemilestoneinthelasttwoyears.”Whileit’ssomethingofanowngoaltodestroytheforestsandj

unglesprovidingenormousbiodiversity，innovativeinitiativeslikeTrees4Goalsareanassuredwaytoscoreanenvironmentalisthat-trick.Footballispopular.Itc

utsthroughculturalbarriersirrespectiveofthecountryitisplayedin.Byincreasingthetreesplantedpergoal，withmoresuchinitiativess

pringingup，evenmorewillbegrown.Likeaseed，bestideasstartsmallandchangeintosomethingthatcanbecomefarlargerthananticipated.Whi

leLeseincontinuesplanting11treespergoal，Kenyangovernmentisaimingtoensuretheplantingof1.8billiontreestoreach10%forestcoverage.Thescien

cebehindisclear：if900millionhectaresaredevotedtohalfatrilliontrees，theworldcanoffset(抵消)halfofallcarbonreleasedsince1960.语篇解读本文是一

篇说明文。文章主要介绍了肯尼亚的一个少年开创了一个项目Trees4Goals，目的是提高肯尼亚的森林覆盖率。5．WhatgaveLeseintheideaoflaunchingtheproject?A．ReleaseoftoomuchCO2.B．Dreamofm

otivatingothers.C．Passionforsportsandnature.D．Habitofexercisinginthewoods.答案C解析细节理解题。根据第二段第二句可知，正是对于足球和野外的热爱使他创立了这个项目。故选C。6．WhatdidLesein

doin2020?A．HecreatedablogforWWF.B．Hemultipliedhiscommitment.C．Heplantedonetreeforeachgoal.D．Heextendedhisworktootherteams.答

案B解析细节理解题。根据第三段第二、三句可知，2020年，他加大了自己的投入，从踢进一个球就种植一棵树迅速增加到踢进一个球就种植十一棵树。故选B。7．Whatdotheunderlinedwords“owngoal”inparagraph

4referto?A．Aimthatisintendedtoachieve.B．Actionthatharmsone’sowninterests.C．Pursuittowardwhicheffortisdirect

ed.D．Goalthatisscoredfortheopposingteam.答案B解析词义猜测题。根据画线部分下文“todestroytheforestsandjunglesprovidingenorm

ousbiodiversity”和常识可知，破坏森林和丛林是危害自然、损害自己和他人利益的行为。作者把这种行为比作足球运动中的“乌龙球(owngoal)”。故选B。8．WhatcanwelearnfromLesein’sstory?A．United，wewin.B

．Nopains，nogains.C．Loveme，lovemydog.D．Smalldeeds，bigdifference.答案D解析推理判断题。根据第一段以及最后一段可推断，文章主要表达的是从小事做起，往往能带来巨大的影响。故选D。CAcomputerprogramme

canidentifybreastcancerfromroutinescanswithgreateraccuracythanhumanexperts，someresearcherssaid.Theyhopedwha

ttheydevelopedcouldproveabreakthroughinthefightagainsttheglobalkiller.Breastcancerisoneofthemostcommoncancersinwomen，withmorethan2millionnew

diagnoseslastyearalone.Regularscreeningisvitalindetectingtheearliestsignsofthediseaseinpatientswhoshown

oobvioussymptoms.InBritain，womenover50areadvisedtogetanexaminationofthebreasteverythreeyears，theresultsofwhichareanalyzedbytwoindependent

experts.Butinterpretingthescansleavesroomforerror，andasmallpercentageofallmammograms(乳房X光检查)eitherreturnafalsepositive—misdiagnosingahealthyp

atientashavingcancer—orfalsenegative—missingthediseaseasitspreads.NowresearchersatGoogleHealthhavetrainedanartificia

lintelligencemodeltodetectcancerinbreastscansfromthousandsofwomeninBritainandtheUnitedStates.Theimageshadalreadybeenreviewedbydoctorsinr

eallifebutunlikeinaclinicalsetting，themachinehadnopatienthistorytoinformitsdiagnoses.TheteamfoundthattheirA

Imodelcouldpredictbreastcancerfromthescanswithasimilaraccuracyleveltoexpertradiographers.Further，theAIshowedareductionin

theproportionofcaseswherecancerwasincorrectlyidentified—5.7percentintheUSand1.2percentinBritain，resp

ectively.Italsoreducedthepercentageofmisseddiagnosesby9.4percentamongUSpatientsandby2.7percentinBritain.“Theearlieryouidentifyabreas

tcancer，thebetteritisforthepatient，”DominicKing，theUKleadatGoogleHealth，toldAFP.“Wethinkaboutthistechnologyinawaythatsupportsandenablesan

expert，orapatientultimately，togetthebestoutcomefromwhateverdiagnosticsthey’vehad.”语篇解读本文是一篇说明文。最新研究发现，一个计算机程序可以从常规扫描中识

别出乳腺癌，而且比人类专家更准确。9．Whatisofgreatimportanceindiscoveringbreastcanceratanearlystage?A．Dailyscanning.B．Humanexperts.C．Regularscreening

.D．Acomputerprogram.答案C解析细节理解题。根据第二段中“Regularscreeningisvitalindetectingtheearliestsignsofthediseaseinpatientswh

oshownoobvioussymptoms.”可知，定期筛查对于发现乳腺癌的早期症状至关重要。故选C。10．Whatcanweinferaboutbreastcancerfromthethirdparagraph?A．Itmayb

econnectedwithage.B．Itcanbecuredinmostcases.C．Thepatientstendtobenegative.D．Itisfrequentlymisdiagnosed.答案A解析推理判断题。根据第

三段中“InBritain，womenover50areadvisedtogetanexaminationofthebreasteverythreeyears...”可推知，乳腺癌与年龄可能有一定的关系。故选A。11．What’

sDominicKing’sattitudetowardthenewtechnology?A．Skeptical.B．Cautious.C．Favorable.D．Indifferent.答案C解析观点态度题

。根据最后一段中DominicKing所说的“Wethinkaboutthistechnologyinawaythatsupportsandenablesanexpert，orapatientultimatel

y，togetthebestoutcomefromwhateverdiagnosticsthey’vehad.”可知，他对这项诊断乳腺癌的新技术持赞同的态度。故选C。12．What’sthetextmainlyabout?A．Regularscreeningisimportantfor

womenwhoareover50.B．Theearlieryouidentifyabreastcancerthebettertheresultis.C．Breastcancerisoneofthemostcommoncancersinwomen.D

．AIismorepowerfulthanexpertsindiagnosingbreastcancer.答案D解析主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第一段可知，文章主要介绍了一个计算机程序可以从常规扫描中识别

出乳腺癌，而且比人类专家更准确。所以D项(人工智能在诊断乳腺癌方面比专家更强大)是文章大意。故选D。Ⅱ.七选五Justasaphilosophersays，Ithink，thereforeIam.However，whenitcomestoeffectiveteachingan

dlearninginformedbycognitivescience—thescienceofthemind—it’sperhapsmoreappropriatetosay：1So，whatdoesef

fortfulthinkinglooklike?Here，weexploretwomodesofeffortfulthinking，ordiggingdeep.2Ifyouwerebuildingawel

l，wouldyouspendfiveminutesdiggingashallowholeandthencallitaday，orwouldyouspendtimeandeffortdiggingcontinuouslyuntilyoustruck

water?Ithinkwecanallagreethatdiggingdeeperforlongerwouldbebest.3Thelongerandmoreeffortfullywethinkabo

utsomething，themoredurableits“memorytrace”willbeandthemoreaccessiblethatinformationwillbecome.Ifyouwa

ntlearningtobeconnected，trydigginglikeanarchaeologist.Imagineyouareonanarchaeologicaldig，carefullyunearthingtheremainsofanancientcity.Forinstanc

e，ratherthansimplylabelinganitem“spoon”，youwouldinsteadtagitas“anironspoon，probablymadeforachild”.Youknowthatorganizingitemsinth

iswayiscrucialifyouwantotherarchaeologistsandresearcherstoidentifyandmakesenseoftheantiquebyitsparts(child，iron)andconnectittotheirownw

ork.4So，inordertopromoteyourdeep，effortfulthinking，you’dbetteruse“how/why”questionsthatinviteconnectionsbetwe

enthingsandpushfortheprinciplebehindanidea.Besides，consider“whatif...”questionsthatbreakthesurfacefeaturesofanideaandi

nviteaconsiderationofitsunderlyingcharacteristics.5Lengthenthedurationofeffortfulthinkingbykeepingyourselfatthesiteofthoughtforlonger.A．Ithin

kdeeply，thereforeIlearn.B．Thinkingdeeplyoftendependsonthequestionsweask.C．Ifyouwantlearningtobedurable，trydiggingawell.D．Addmoretagsforotherst

ounderstandandaccesslater.E．It’salsoofgreatimportancenottomoveontooquickly.F．You’dbettergoonwithwhatyouareworkingonrapidly.G．Ittu

rnsoutthesameistrueforhowwerememberthings.语篇解读本文是一篇议论文。文章主要探讨什么是深入思考以及如何做到深入思考。1．答案A解析上文引用了哲学家“我思故我在”这一关于思考的观点，然后从认知科学的角度提出另一个说法，所以设空处的内

容就是这个说法，而且与引用的句子结构相似。A项(我深入思考，故而我有所学)内容上是关于深入思考与学习的关系，符合题意。故选A。2．答案C解析下文把思考比作凿井来展开探讨，所以设空处的内容要先引出“凿井”。C项中的“diggingawell”能够引出下文的“凿井”

。故选C。3．答案G解析下文讲的内容与记忆相关，G项的“howwerememberthings”引出下文对记忆与思考时间和深度的关系的探讨。故选G。4．答案D解析上文强调了以添加标签的方式整理物品的重要性，则设空

处的内容是总结这种方式。D项(添加更多的标签，从而让其他人之后能够理解和使用)符合题意。故选D。5．答案E解析上文讲的是如何做到深入思考。E项的“also”是关键词，与上文是递进关系；上文讲的是思考“怎样……/

为什么……”和“如果……会怎么样”这两类问题，E项指出了另一重要方面在于“nottomoveontooquickly”，引出下文的具体做法。故选E。