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选择性必修第二册Unit4JourneyAcrossaVastLand高考题型组合练Ⅰ.阅读理解A“Canyouimagine？”DiébédoFrancisKérésaidtoNPR，“IwasborninBurkinaFaso，alittlevillage

wheretherewasnoschool.AndmyfatherwantedmetolearnhowtoreadandwriteverysimplybecausethenIcouldtranslateorreadhimhisletters.”ThefirstBlack

winnerofthePritzkerArchitecturePrizewasassurprisedasanyoneelsetobeselectedforthefield’smostfamousprize.Manyarchi

tectshadopenlysupposedthat2022wouldbeSirDavidAdjaye’syear，whoisbestknownfordesigningnotablebuildingsastheNobelPeaceCenterinNorway.Kéré，whoisbasedi

nBerlinbutcentersmuchofhispracticeinAfrica，hasbeen—untilnow—farlesserknown，withbuildingsthatincludeprimaryschoolsandahealthcareclinic.Whenhewastwe

nty，in1985，KéréearnedascholarshiptostudycarpentryinBerlin.ButhealsoattendednightschoolandwasadmittedtoTechnischeUniversitätBerlin，fr

omwhichhegraduatedin2004withanadvanceddegreeinarchitecture.HewasstillastudentwhenhedesignedandbuilttheinnovativeGandoPrimarySchool.Kéré’sa

rchitecturalpracticewasinspiredbyhisownexperienceattendingschoolwitharound100otherchildreninaregionwithtemperaturesove

r100F．“It’sveryhotinside.Andtherewasnolight，whileoutside，thesunlightwasabundant.Ithink，onedayIshouldmakeitbe

tter.Iwasthinkingaboutspace，aboutroom，abouthowIcouldfeelbetter.”InhisdesignsforGandoPrimarySchoolandNaabaBe

lemGoummaSecondarySchool，Kérédrewontraditionalbuildingmaterialssuchaslocalclaymixedwithconcrete，andemphasizedshadeandshado

ws，makingspacesbrightenoughandlettingairin，andthusreducingtheneedforairconditioning.Hewantedthebuildingstoevokethesenseofanoasis(绿洲)，apla

ceformanychildren，tobehappyandlearnhowtoreadandwrite.语篇解读本文为一篇记叙文。文章介绍了DiébédoFrancisKéré在2022年成为第一位获得普利兹克建筑奖的黑人建

筑师，童年时艰苦的学校条件激励他未来要为孩子们创造良好的学习环境。1．WhydidthePritzkerArchitecturePrizeof2022comeoutasasurprise?A．Becauseitisthemostf

amousprize.B．Becausethewinneronlydesignsschools.C．BecauseKéréwasn’tfirstselectedasacandidate.D．Becauseanothercompetitorwasmorefamous

.答案D解析细节理解题。根据第二段可知，业内人士对于SirDavidAdjaye这位要有名气的建筑家获奖呼声颇高，相比之下最终获奖者的作品主要在非洲且名气不大。故选D。2．WhatinspiredKéré’sarchitecturework

?A．HisacademictraininginBerlin.B．Hardshipinhisearlychildhood.C．Anarchitecturalcontest.D．Hisexperiencetravelingabroad.答案B解

析细节理解题。根据第四段可知，Kéré童年时经历的艰苦的学校条件激励他未来要为孩子们创造良好的学习环境，启发了他的建筑作品。故选B。3．WhichofthefollowingbestdescribesKéréasanarchit

ect?A．Creativeanduniversal.B．Determinedandambitious.C．Caringandpractical.D．Devotedandproductive.答案C解析推理判断题。根据第四段后两

句以及第五段可知，Kéré设计的初衷是改善孩子们的学习环境，在设计中，他非常注重因地制宜，使建筑更有实用性，可以看出Kéré关心他人且很务实。故选C。4．Whatcanbeinferredaboutthescho

olsdesignedbyKéré？A．Theyarewell-litandcool.B．Theyonlyusetraditionalmaterials.C．Theyneednoair-conditioning.D．Theyarebuiltonoases.答案A解析推理判断题。根

据最后一段中“InhisdesignsforGandoPrimarySchool...makingspacesbrightenoughandlettingairin，andthusreducingtheneedforairconditioning.”可知，Kér

é设计的学校采光和通风良好，温度适宜。故选A。B(2023·四川成都诊断性检测)It’sasimpleyeteffectivemessagethatappeals，andleadstoasatisfyingwayofmotivatingustopr

omoteenvironmentalisminourownway.BorninNairobi，LeseinMutunkeiisinhislateteens，andhisTrees4Goalsisthemeanswithwhichheintends

tomaketheworldgreener.Itunitestwoofhisself-declaredpassionsinlife：loveoftheoutdoors，withhisloveoffootball.Leseinenjoyed

walkingintheforest，butrecognisedhiscountrywasexperiencingaseriouslossoftreecover.Between2001and2020，Kenyal

ostanestimated11%oftrees，releasingasmanyas176milliontonsofCO2.InablogpostforWWFKenya，Leseinrevealedthat，on

cehestartedtheTrees4Goalsinitiative，heoriginallyplannedtoplantonetreepergoal.By2020，hewantedtotakehiseffort

sevenfurther.Whatstartedasonetreeplantedpergoalmushroomedinto11treesplantedpergoal.Explainingthereasoningbehindexpand

ingthetree-planting，hesaid，“Itrepresentsteameffortinfootballandthecontributionbymyteam.Ihavemanagedtohitthe1,000thtreemilestoneinthelasttwoyears.”

Whileit’ssomethingofanowngoaltodestroytheforestsandjunglesprovidingenormousbiodiversity，innovativeinitiativeslikeTrees4Goalsareanassur

edwaytoscoreanenvironmentalisthat-trick.Footballispopular.Itcutsthroughculturalbarriersirrespectiveofthecountryitisplayedin.Byincreasi

ngthetreesplantedpergoal，withmoresuchinitiativesspringingup，evenmorewillbegrown.Likeaseed，bestideasstartsmallandchangeintosometh

ingthatcanbecomefarlargerthananticipated.WhileLeseincontinuesplanting11treespergoal，Kenyangovernmentisaimingtoensurethep

lantingof1.8billiontreestoreach10%forestcoverage.Thesciencebehindisclear：if900millionhectaresaredevotedtohalf

atrilliontrees，theworldcanoffset(抵消)halfofallcarbonreleasedsince1960.语篇解读本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了肯尼亚的一个少年开创了一个项目Trees4Goals，目的是提高肯尼亚的森林覆盖率。5．Whatga

veLeseintheideaoflaunchingtheproject?A．ReleaseoftoomuchCO2.B．Dreamofmotivatingothers.C．Passionforsportsandnature

.D．Habitofexercisinginthewoods.答案C解析细节理解题。根据第二段第二句可知，正是对于足球和野外的热爱使他创立了这个项目。故选C。6．WhatdidLeseindoin2020

?A．HecreatedablogforWWF.B．Hemultipliedhiscommitment.C．Heplantedonetreeforeachgoal.D．Heextendedhisworktootherteams.答案B解析细节理

解题。根据第三段第二、三句可知，2020年，他加大了自己的投入，从踢进一个球就种植一棵树迅速增加到踢进一个球就种植十一棵树。故选B。7．Whatdotheunderlinedwords“owngoal”inparagraph4referto?A．Aimthatisi

ntendedtoachieve.B．Actionthatharmsone’sowninterests.C．Pursuittowardwhicheffortisdirected.D．Goalthatisscoredfortheopposingteam.答案B解析词义猜测题

。根据画线部分下文“todestroytheforestsandjunglesprovidingenormousbiodiversity”和常识可知，破坏森林和丛林是危害自然、损害自己和他人利益的行为。作者把这种行为比作足球运动

中的“乌龙球(owngoal)”。故选B。8．WhatcanwelearnfromLesein’sstory?A．United，wewin.B．Nopains，nogains.C．Loveme，lovemydog.D．Smalldeeds，bigdifference.答案D解析

推理判断题。根据第一段以及最后一段可推断，文章主要表达的是从小事做起，往往能带来巨大的影响。故选D。CAcomputerprogrammecanidentifybreastcancerfromroutinescanswi

thgreateraccuracythanhumanexperts，someresearcherssaid.Theyhopedwhattheydevelopedcouldproveabreakthroughinthefightagainsttheglobalk

iller.Breastcancerisoneofthemostcommoncancersinwomen，withmorethan2millionnewdiagnoseslastyearalone.Regularscreeningisvitali

ndetectingtheearliestsignsofthediseaseinpatientswhoshownoobvioussymptoms.InBritain，womenover50areadvisedtogetanexa

minationofthebreasteverythreeyears，theresultsofwhichareanalyzedbytwoindependentexperts.Butinterpretingthescansleavesroomforerror，a

ndasmallpercentageofallmammograms(乳房X光检查)eitherreturnafalsepositive—misdiagnosingahealthypatientashavi

ngcancer—orfalsenegative—missingthediseaseasitspreads.NowresearchersatGoogleHealthhavetrainedanartificialintelligencemodel

todetectcancerinbreastscansfromthousandsofwomeninBritainandtheUnitedStates.Theimageshadalreadybeenreviewedbydoctorsinreallifebutunlikein

aclinicalsetting，themachinehadnopatienthistorytoinformitsdiagnoses.TheteamfoundthattheirAImodelcouldpredictbreastcancerfromth

escanswithasimilaraccuracyleveltoexpertradiographers.Further，theAIshowedareductionintheproportionofcaseswherecancer

wasincorrectlyidentified—5.7percentintheUSand1.2percentinBritain，respectively.Italsoreducedthepercentageofmisseddiagnosesby9.4percentamongUSpatient

sandby2.7percentinBritain.“Theearlieryouidentifyabreastcancer，thebetteritisforthepatient，”DominicKing，theUKleadatGoogl

eHealth，toldAFP.“Wethinkaboutthistechnologyinawaythatsupportsandenablesanexpert，orapatientultimately，togetthebes

toutcomefromwhateverdiagnosticsthey’vehad.”语篇解读本文是一篇说明文。最新研究发现，一个计算机程序可以从常规扫描中识别出乳腺癌，而且比人类专家更准确。9．Whatisofg

reatimportanceindiscoveringbreastcanceratanearlystage?A．Dailyscanning.B．Humanexperts.C．Regularscreening.D．Acomputerprogram.答案C

解析细节理解题。根据第二段中“Regularscreeningisvitalindetectingtheearliestsignsofthediseaseinpatientswhoshownoobvioussymp

toms.”可知，定期筛查对于发现乳腺癌的早期症状至关重要。故选C。10．Whatcanweinferaboutbreastcancerfromthethirdparagraph?A．Itmaybeconnectedwithage.B．Itcanbecur

edinmostcases.C．Thepatientstendtobenegative.D．Itisfrequentlymisdiagnosed.答案A解析推理判断题。根据第三段中“InBritain，women

over50areadvisedtogetanexaminationofthebreasteverythreeyears...”可推知，乳腺癌与年龄可能有一定的关系。故选A。11．What’sDominicKing’sattitudetowardthenewtechnology?A．Skeptic

al.B．Cautious.C．Favorable.D．Indifferent.答案C解析观点态度题。根据最后一段中DominicKing所说的“Wethinkaboutthistechnologyinawaythatsupportsandenabl

esanexpert，orapatientultimately，togetthebestoutcomefromwhateverdiagnosticsthey’vehad.”可知，他对这项诊断乳腺癌的新技术持赞同的态度。故选C。12．Wh

at’sthetextmainlyabout?A．Regularscreeningisimportantforwomenwhoareover50.B．Theearlieryouidentifyabreastcancerth

ebettertheresultis.C．Breastcancerisoneofthemostcommoncancersinwomen.D．AIismorepowerfulthanexpertsindiagnosingbreastcancer.答案D

解析主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第一段可知，文章主要介绍了一个计算机程序可以从常规扫描中识别出乳腺癌，而且比人类专家更准确。所以D项(人工智能在诊断乳腺癌方面比专家更强大)是文章大意。故选D。Ⅱ.七选五Justasaphilosophersays，Ithink，t

hereforeIam.However，whenitcomestoeffectiveteachingandlearninginformedbycognitivescience—thescienceofthe

mind—it’sperhapsmoreappropriatetosay：1So，whatdoeseffortfulthinkinglooklike?Here，weexploretwomodesofeffortfu

lthinking，ordiggingdeep.2Ifyouwerebuildingawell，wouldyouspendfiveminutesdiggingashallowholeandthencallitada

y，orwouldyouspendtimeandeffortdiggingcontinuouslyuntilyoustruckwater?Ithinkwecanallagreethatdiggingdeeperforlongerwouldbebest.3Thelongerandmoreeff

ortfullywethinkaboutsomething，themoredurableits“memorytrace”willbeandthemoreaccessiblethatinformationwillbecome.Ifyouwantlearningtobeco

nnected，trydigginglikeanarchaeologist.Imagineyouareonanarchaeologicaldig，carefullyunearthingtheremainsofanancientcity.

Forinstance，ratherthansimplylabelinganitem“spoon”，youwouldinsteadtagitas“anironspoon，probablymadeforachild”.Youknowthat

organizingitemsinthiswayiscrucialifyouwantotherarchaeologistsandresearcherstoidentifyandmakesenseoftheantiquebyitsparts(child，iron)and

connectittotheirownwork.4So，inordertopromoteyourdeep，effortfulthinking，you’dbetteruse“how/why”questionsthatinviteconnectionsbetweenthingsandpushf

ortheprinciplebehindanidea.Besides，consider“whatif...”questionsthatbreakthesurfacefeaturesofanideaandinviteaconsiderationofitsunderlyingcharacterist

ics.5Lengthenthedurationofeffortfulthinkingbykeepingyourselfatthesiteofthoughtforlonger.A．Ithinkdeeply，thereforeIlea

rn.B．Thinkingdeeplyoftendependsonthequestionsweask.C．Ifyouwantlearningtobedurable，trydiggingawell.D．Addmoretagsforotherstoundersta

ndandaccesslater.E．It’salsoofgreatimportancenottomoveontooquickly.F．You’dbettergoonwithwhatyouareworkingonrapidly.G．Itturnsoutthesameistruefor

howwerememberthings.语篇解读本文是一篇议论文。文章主要探讨什么是深入思考以及如何做到深入思考。1．答案A解析上文引用了哲学家“我思故我在”这一关于思考的观点，然后从认知科学的角度提出另一个说法，所以设空处的内容就是这个说法，而

且与引用的句子结构相似。A项(我深入思考，故而我有所学)内容上是关于深入思考与学习的关系，符合题意。故选A。2．答案C解析下文把思考比作凿井来展开探讨，所以设空处的内容要先引出“凿井”。C项中的“diggingawell”能够引出下文的“凿井”。故选C。3．答案G解析下文讲的内容与记忆相关，G项

的“howwerememberthings”引出下文对记忆与思考时间和深度的关系的探讨。故选G。4．答案D解析上文强调了以添加标签的方式整理物品的重要性，则设空处的内容是总结这种方式。D项(添加更多的标签，从而让

其他人之后能够理解和使用)符合题意。故选D。5．答案E解析上文讲的是如何做到深入思考。E项的“also”是关键词，与上文是递进关系；上文讲的是思考“怎样……/为什么……”和“如果……会怎么样”这两类问题，E项指出了另一重要方面在于“nottomoveon

tooquickly”，引出下文的具体做法。故选E。