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选择性必修第二册Unit1ScienceandScientists高考题型组合练Ⅰ.阅读理解AMarissaSumathipala,astudentatBroadRunHighSchooloutsideofWashington,D.C.,was
practicingwithherrecreationalfigureskatingteamwhenshecrashedwithanotherskater.Herheadhitagainsttheiceheavily.Everythingwentbl
ack.Uptothatpoint,Sumathipala’sentirelifehadcentredaroundhersport—herdailyschedule,exerciseroutine,evenherdiet.Shehadhopesofmakingthe2018Olympict
eam.Thefallontheicewouldchangeeverything,includingherdirection.Sumathipalahadabraininjuryanditendedherskatingcareer.Symptomslastedforyea
rs.Hermemoryfeltunclearattimes.She’dfindherselfdizzy,sick,orexhausted.Sumathipalaconsulteddoctors,somanythatshe“lostcount”.Butnoonehadan
swers.Sumathipalabegantorealizethattherewassomuchunknownaboutthebrain.Shesetouttofindtheanswersherself,apaththatwouldeventuallybri
nghertoHarvardUniversity,whereshe’dconcentrateonthehumanbrain.Throughoutherfouryears,Sumathipalahomedinonbrainscience.SheworkedwiththeMcCarrollLabat
HarvardMedicalSchool,helpingdevelopanewmethodforsequencingsynapses(神经突序列)inthebrain,whicharecrucialformemoryandlear
ning.Evenasanundergraduate,hercolleaguesweresostruckbyhowmatureherthinkingalreadywasaboutsciencethatshequicklybecameatrustedandvaluedmemb
erofthelab.Also,SumathipalacompetedwiththeHarvardFigureSkatingCluballfouryears.Shehelpedincreaseitsmem
bershipandintroducednewskaterstothesportshestillloves.“Ispentalongtimestrugglingwithmyidentity,”shesaid.“Growin
gupIwasjustaskaterandthen,whenIgotinjured,Ihadtorebuildmyidentity.ThenIwasascientist.Now,Iidentifyasbeingbothaskater
andascientist.”ReflectingonheryearsatHarvard,Sumathipalasaidoneofthethingsshe’smostgratefulforisseeinghowthingshavecomefullcircleforher.语
篇解读本文是一篇记叙文,讲述了玛丽莎·苏马蒂帕拉因脑部受伤,导致记忆受损,被迫放弃滑冰转而专注于人脑研究,在科学领域有所建树的同时又致力于滑冰事业的故事。1.WhatdoweknowaboutSumathipala’sinjury?A.Itstoppedhers
katingeventually.B.Itledtoherlossofeyesight.C.Itchangedherlifedirection.D.Itwaseasilycuredbydoctors.答案C解析细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Thefa
llontheicewouldchangeeverything,includingherdirection.”可知,苏马蒂帕拉的受伤改变了她的人生方向。故选C。2.InwhatwaydidSumathipalathinkshecouldfindtheanswert
oherdisease?A.Turningtodoctors.B.Goingonpracticing.C.Rebuildingheridentity.D.Doingresearchonbrainherself.答案D解析细节理解题。根据第四段前三句可知,她认为专
注于人脑研究会帮助她找到答案。故选D。3.Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase“homedinon”inparagraph4probablymean?A.Focusedon.B.Returnedto.C.
Attendedto.D.Stayedat.答案A解析词义猜测题。根据画线词上文“bringhertoHarvardUniversity,whereshe’dconcentrateonthehumanbrain”可知,苏马蒂帕拉在哈佛大学就
读期间专注于人脑研究。由此可推知,画线短语词义与focuson接近,意为“专注于”。故选A。4.WhatmadethingscomefullcircleforSumathipala?A.Deeploveforfigureskat
ing.B.Herdeterminationtoachievelifegoals.C.Thepraisefromherlabcolleagues.D.Goodrelationshipwithnewsk
aters.答案B解析推理判断题。通读全文尤其根据倒数第二段中的“GrowingupIwasjustaskaterandthen,whenIgotinjured,Ihadtorebuildmyidentit
y.ThenIwasascientist.Now,Iidentifyasbeingbothaskaterandascientist.”可推知,事情回到原点是因为她拥有坚定的实现目标的决心。故选B。B(2023·湖北八校联考)Youmayneverknowwhytheemailwilla
rriveandreasonsofferedforyourrejectionmightbetherealones—ornot.Bosseshavealwaysspiedontheiremployees,thenjudgedthem.Nowtherise
oftheonlineselfmeanstheemployer’seyecantravelstillfarther.Evenbeforethepandemic,researchfoundthat28%oflargecompanieshadturneddownapplicantsafter
carryingoutsuchchecks.Anditisbecomingmorepopular:ReedScreening,alargeagency,wasaskedtorunoverathirdmoresocialmediachecksinDecemberthisyear
thanayearearlier.ThismonththegovernmentgavethepracticeapprovalwhentheDepartmentforEducationsaidschoolsandcolleges“shouldconsidercarryingoutanonl
inesearchaspartoftheirduediligence(尽职调查)”.Thewayscreeningworksissimple:Any“problematic”behaviourswillbemarkedwitharedflag.Therearelawsgovernin
gsuchonlinescreening.DavidErdos,headoftheCentreforIntellectualPropertyandInformationLaw,saysthatcompaniesaresupposedtowarncandidatesb
eforescreeningtheirsocialmediaandtellthemthattheyhavetherighttoholdbackpermission.Somecompaniesfollowtheserules
,butothersmaynot.Asfortherighttorefuse,itishardlypracticable.“Whoonearthis...goingtobethatpersonwhosays,‘Han
gonaminute.I’mnothappyaboutthat?’”asksMrErdos.“Thatitselfislikelytobearedflag.”Allagreethatthespreadofonlinescreeningisal
arming,asitissounforgiving.Peoplemaybeunableevertobefreeoftheironlinepast,saysMrErdos.Asindeedsomefootballers,re
centlypunishedforcommentsmadealmostadecadeagowhentheywerebutteenagers,havefoundtotheircost.Thosewithintheindustrythinklawsshould
betightened,withpunishmentforillegalact.Inthemeantime,beingverycarefulisadvisable.Intalkstouniversitystudents,MrErdoswarnsthemwhatcompan
ieswilldototheirsocialmediawhentheyapplyforjobs.“Theyareuniversallyterrified,”hesays.Andrightly.语篇解读本文为一篇说明文。文章主要介绍的是在网络的帮助下,雇主可以更为广泛地监控和评价
求职者。5.Whatcanweknowaboutonlinescreeningfromparagraph2?A.Itisturneddownbylargecompanies.B.Itbooststhedevelopmentofeducation.C.Itisbecomingincr
easinglyacceptable.D.Ithighlightsthewisdomofemployers.答案C解析细节理解题。根据文章第二段内容尤其是第二句可知,在线筛查正越来越被接受。故选C。6.Whatdoapplicantsten
dtodowithonlinescreening?A.Theyrejecttheredflags.B.Theyhavetosubmittoit.C.Theywillchargethecompany.D.Theypos
tponecarryingitout.答案B解析推理判断题。根据第三段中“Asfortherighttorefuse,itishardlypracticable...‘Thatitselfislikelytobearedflag.’”可推知,求职者面对在线筛查最后只能屈服。故选B。7.Whati
sMrErdos’opiniononpostingcommentsonline?A.Companiesaretolerantofit.B.Itsinfluenceishardtoerase.C.Itshouldbeunderstrictlaws.D.Universitystudentsare
freetodoit.答案B解析推理判断题。根据第四段中“Peoplemaybeunableevertobefreeoftheironlinepast...havefoundtotheircost.”可知,已经有足球运动员为
十年前的网络言论付出了代价,由此可推断,网络言论带来的影响力很难消除。故选B。8.Whatcouldbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A.BigEmployerIsWatchingYouB.F
ixYourEyesonOnlineScreeningC.SocialmediaChecksAreAroundtheCornerD.ChecksOnlineAretoBlameforUnemployment答案A解析标题归纳题。根据文章第一段及全文可知,文章主要介绍的是在网络的帮助下
,雇主可以更为广泛地监控和评价求职者。所以A项(大雇主在监视着你)作为文章标题最为合适。故选A。Ⅱ.完形填空Whetheritisarelaxingwalkorapowerone,takingawalkusuallyonlylastsasmallduration
oftime.Thiswasnotthe1forTomTurcich,though.OnApril2,2015,Tomdecidedtowalkaroundtheworldbyhimself.Itwasn’ta2thought.Hischildhoodfrienddied3atthe
ageof17duetoajetskiaccident.4byhowshortlifewas,hewasfueledbyastrong5toliveeverydaytoitsfullest.Tom’swalk6asalonejourney.Butquickly,hefou
ndhimselfmissing7ontheroad.Andso,whilemakingastopinAustin,Texas,he8Savannah,arescuepuppy.Sincethen,thepairhav
ebeenmakingtheirwayacrossborders,continentsandseas,925,000milesinall.Travelingalwayshassomeupsanddowns.Tom10numerousunexpecteddelaysalongt
heway.Hewas11duetosevereweatherinPanamaandbecameveryillinScotland.Also,hehadno12buttowaitoutpandemiclockdownsinmanycountries
.Butonthe13side,hemetmanykindpeopleand14thebeautyofnatureindifferentpartsoftheworld.Tom15somethingfewp
eoplehavesucceededin,whichhebelieveshelpedhimgainamuchlargerunderstandingoftheworld.语篇解读这是一篇记叙文。文章叙述了汤姆·图里奇的徒步旅行经历。1.A
.caseB.routineC.reasonD.intention答案A解析根据上文“Whetheritisarelaxingwalkorapowerone,takingawalkusuallyonlylastsa
smalldurationoftime.”以及下文though可知,汤姆·图里奇的情况并非如此。thisis/wasnotthecaseforsb意为“对某人来说并非如此”。故选A。2.A.novelB.wiseC.suddenD.simple答案C解析novel新颖的;wise聪明的
;sudden突然的;simple简单的。根据下文“Hischildhoodfrienddied...toliveeverydaytoitsfullest.”可知,这不是一个突然的想法。故选C。3.A.instantlyB.unexpectedlyC.eventuall
yD.undoubtedly答案B解析instantly立即地;unexpectedly没有预料到地;eventually最终地;undoubtedly毫无疑问地。根据下文“duetoajetskiaccident”可知,作者儿时的朋友在17岁时意外死亡。故选B。4.A.TornB.Str
uckC.ImpressedD.Inspired答案B解析tear撕裂;strike撞击,打击;impress使印象深刻;inspire鼓励。根据上文“Hischildhoodfrienddiedatthea
geof17duetoajetskiaccident.”可知,作者深受触动。故选B。5.A.enthusiasmB.curiosityC.prideD.desire答案D解析enthusiasm热情;curiosity好奇心;pride自豪
;desire愿望,渴望。根据上文“howshortlifewas”以及空后“toliveeverydaytoitsfullest”可知,他强烈渴望充实地过好每一天。故选D。6.A.startedB.prog
ressedC.provedD.remained答案A解析start开始;progress前进,进步;prove证明是;remain仍然是。根据空后“asalonejourney”和后文的“Butquickly...”以及“Sincethen,thepair...”可
知,汤姆的步行一开始是一段孤独的旅程。故选A。7.A.neighborhoodB.childhoodC.companionshipD.citizenship答案C解析neighborhood邻居;childhood童年;companionship陪伴;c
itizenship公民身份。根据上文可知汤姆的步行一开始是独自一人的旅程。再根据“Butquickly”可知,此句有转折意义,结合下文他收养了一只小狗,说明汤姆需要陪伴。故选C。8.A.delive
redB.spottedC.savedD.adopted答案D解析deliver交付;spot发现;save拯救;adopt采纳,收养。根据下文“arescuepuppy”以及“Sincethen,thepairhavebeenmakingtheirway”可知,他收养了一只狗。故选D。9.
A.coveringB.measuringC.occupyingD.equaling答案A解析cover行走(一段路程);measure测量;occupy占据;equal等于。根据空后“25,000milesinall”可
知,他们总共走了25000英里。故选A。10.A.anticipatedB.encounteredC.toleratedD.ignored答案B解析anticipate预料;encounter偶遇;tolerate忍受;ignore忽略。根据下文“Hewasduetoseverewe
atherinPanamaandbecameveryillinScotland.”可知,汤姆一路上遇到许多意想不到的耽搁。故选B。11.A.blownawayB.carriedawayC.backedupD.heldup答案D解析blowaway吹走;c
arryaway拿走,带走;backup支持;holdup耽搁,举起。根据上文“unexpecteddelays”以及下文“becameveryillinScotland”可知,他被耽搁了。故选D。12.A.respon
sibilityB.rightC.alternativeD.opportunity答案C解析responsibility责任;right权利;alternative可供选择的事物;opportunity机会。根据空后“buttowaitoutpandemiclockdowns”可知,他别无选择
,只能等待疫情封锁结束。故选C。13.A.roughB.invisibleC.moralD.bright答案D解析rough粗糙的;invisible看不见的;moral道德的;bright明亮的,有希望的。根据下文“hemetmanykindpeople”可知,但好的一面是,他遇
到了许多善良的人。故选D。14.A.appreciatedB.missedC.recalledD.preserved答案A解析appreciate欣赏;miss错过;recall回想起;preserve保存。根据空后“thebeautyofnatur
eindifferentpartsoftheworld”可知,汤姆欣赏了世界各地的自然美景。故选A。15.A.discoveredB.challengedC.profiledD.renewed答案B解析discover发现;challe
nge挑战;profile概述,扼要介绍;renew更新。根据空后“somethingfewpeoplehavesucceededin”可知,汤姆挑战了一件很少有人成功的事情。故选B。Ⅲ.语法填空ThetraditionalChineselunarcalendardividesayearin
to24solarterms.TheSpringEquinox(春分),asthefourthtermoftheyear,startsonMarch201.endsonApril3thisyear.TheSpringEqu
inoxsignalstheequal2.(long)ofthedayandnighttime.ThedayoftheSpringEquinoxis3.thesunisdirectlyabovetheequator.Aftertheequinox,t
hesunmovesnorthwards,resultingin4.(gradual)longerdaytimeintheNorthernHemisphereandlongernightintheSouthernHemisphere.Standinganegguprightisapopula
rgameacrossthecountryduringtheSpringEquinox.Itisanoldcustomthat5.(date)backto4,000yearsago.Peoplepracticethistraditiontocelebratethecomin
gofspring.It6.(believe)thatifsomeonecanmaketheeggstand,hewillhavegoodluckinthefuture.TheSpringEquinoxis7.goodtimeto
flykites.Inancienttimes,peopledidnothavegoodmedicalresources.So8.(pray)forgoodhealth,theywrotetheirmedicalissuesonapaperk
ite.Whenthekitewas9.theair,peoplewouldcutoffthestringtoletthepaperkitefloataway,10.(symbolize)theflyingawayofdiseases.语篇解读这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了“春分”这个节气以及一些
相关习俗。1.答案and解析考查连词。分析句子结构并结合句意可知,空处应用and连接两个并列谓语。故填and。2.答案length解析考查名词。空处作宾语,表示“长度”应用名词length,不可数。故填length。3.答案wh
en解析考查表语从句。分析句子结构可知,空处引导表语从句,从句中缺少时间状语,应用when引导。故填when。4.答案gradually解析考查副词。修饰形容词longer应用副词gradually作状语。故
填gradually。5.答案dates解析考查时态和主谓一致。根据语境可知空处为一般现在时,定语从句中关系代词that指代先行词anoldcustom,所以谓语用第三人称单数形式。故填dates。6.答案isbelieved解析考查固定句型。表示“人们相信……”句型为Iti
sbelievedthat...。故填isbelieved。7.答案a解析考查冠词。time表示“时节”,此处表泛指,且good是发音以辅音音素开头的单词,应用a。故填a。8.答案topray解析考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可
知,pray在句中应用非谓语动词形式,此处作目的状语应用不定式。故填topray。9.答案in解析考查介词。表示“在空中”短语为intheair。故填in。10.答案symbolizing解析考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知,symbolize在句中应用非谓语动词形式,此处与逻辑主语
构成主动关系,故用现在分词作状语。故填symbolizing。