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选择性必修第一册Unit5WorkingtheLandⅠ.阅读理解AItwasanearlyblowtomyself-confidence.Iwasattendingmyfirstgroupmeeting

inthelabasapostdoc，andIwaspleasedthatIcouldfollowmostofthediscussion.Then，infrontofeveryone，theprofessorturnedtomeandaskedaboutmypreviou

saccomplishments.Ifroze.AsaPhDstudent，Ihadachievedlotstobeproudof.ButallofthosewereinmyhomecountryofBrazil.NowIwasinWashington，DCan

dIdidn’tknowwhattheword“accomplishment”meant.SoallIcouldsaywas“Idon’tknow”．IhaddecidedtodoapostdocabroadbecauseIthou

ghtthetrainingwouldhelpmesecureateachingposition.IappliedforandreceivedaBraziliangovernmentfellowshiptospend18m

onthsworkingabroadandgotapositioninalab.Itallseemedsoeasy—untilIactuallystarted.Inanewcountry，Istruggled.Afterthemor

tifyinglabmeetingincident，myconfidencetookanotherhit.ThepaperIintendedtopublishdidnotmaterialize.Iusedtobeinvitedtogivetalk

s.Now，Iwasaskedtospeakmoreslowlybecauseofmyaccent.Myconfidencewasdestroyed.Aftermonthsofself-doubt，Iremindedmyselfth

atIhadpotential.Ineededtodosomethingtoregainmyconfidence.IthoughtachangeofenvironmentmightbewhatInee

ded.SoImadethemove.Inanothernewlab，Istillfeltinsecure.However，IwasdeterminedtomakethemostofthetimeIhad.Thereweremoreopportu

nitiestointeractwithothers，whichforcedmetotalkmore.Itwasawfulatfirst，butwithpracticeIbegantofeelmoreconfidentinmyEnglish.Iproposednew

projects.Ibegantoreceivepositivefeedbackonmypresentations.Myconfidenceisback.IfeelalittlelikeWonderWoman.Shewasastrongsoldierinherhomeland.When

sheleft，sheexperiencedobstaclesandfailuresonlytobecomeevenstrongerthanbefore.语篇解读本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者在国外做博士后的经历，打击和磨难让作者变得更加坚强和自信。1．What

doestheunderlinedword“It”inparagraph1referto?A．Ididn’tgiveaproperresponseinalabmeeting.B．ThepaperIintendedtopublishdidnotmater

ialize.C．Iwasaskedtospeakmoreslowlybecauseofmyaccent.D．IremindedmyselfthatIhadpotential.答案A解析代词指代题。根据第一段可知，

作者作为博士后参加了实验室的第一次小组会议，当被问到以前的成就，她愣住了，没有给出合适的回答。这件事让她的自信心受到了打击。故选A。2．Whatwastheauthor’sreactionwhenaskedaboutherpreviousachievements?A．She

feltinsecure.B．Shekeptsilent.C．Shewasataloss.D．Shefeltproud.答案C解析细节理解题。根据第一段中“NowIwasinWashington，DCandIdidn’tknowwhatthewo

rd‘accomplishment’meant.SoallIcouldsaywas‘Idon’tknow’．”可知，当被问及她以前的成就时，作者不知所措。故选C。3．Whydidtheauthorgoabroad?A

．Toapplyforgovernmentfellowship.B．Togetadoctor’sdegree.C．Tobuildherownlab.D．Togainexperienceforaposition.答案D解析细节理解题。根据第二段的“Ihaddecidedto

doapostdocabroadbecauseIthoughtthetrainingwouldhelpmesecureateachingposition.”可知，作者出国是要为一个职位积累经验。故选D。4．Whatcanbethebesttitleforthetext?A．ALabMeeti

ngIncidentB．IFoundMyInsideWonderWomanC．Brazilians’ConfidenceImprovedD．PoorEnglishRuinedOpportunity答案B解析标题归纳题。通读全文，尤其是根据最后

一段的“Myconfidenceisback.IfeelalittlelikeWonderWoman.”可知，经历一番打击后，作者并没有灰心，而是果断采取行动，经过努力，她变得更加坚强和自信，感觉自己就像神奇女侠。所以B项“

我找到了我内心的神奇女侠”适合作文章标题。故选B。BYouimproveyourrobot’ssoftwarebyimprovingitssoftware.AgrimGuptaofStanfordUniversity，however，begstodiffer.Hethinksyoucanal

soimprovearobot’ssoftwarebyimprovingitshardware.Heandhiscolleagueshaveinventedawayoftestingthisidea.Theybroughttothe

irrobots，unimals，theprinciplesofevolution(进化)bynaturalselection.Unimals，withglobesforheadsandsticksforarmsandlegs，aresoftwarebeingsinte

ractingwithavirtualenvironment.Theenvironmentswheretheywanderedwereinthreevarieties:flatgrounds，groundswith

hillsandsteps，andonesthathadthecomplexitiesofthesecondsort，butwithaddedobjects.Tobeginwith，theunimalswererandomlyassignedvariouss

hapes，butwithidenticalsoftware—derl.Newly-createdunimalslearnedtofacethechallengesinavirtualbootcamp.Theywe

rethenenteredintotournamentsingroups.Eachgroupwinnerwasawardedonemutation(变异)—oneextraarmorleg，oroneextraturningi

najoint.Thenewreplacedtheoldestunimalandthenwasassignedtoanewgroup，andtheprocessrepeated.About4,000v

arietiesofthemunderwenttraining.Theteamweresurprisedbythediversityofshapesthatevolved.Crucially，though，theresearchersfoundthemo

stsuccessfulunimalslearnedtasksinhalfthetimetheiroldestancestorshadtaken，andthatthoseevolvinginthetoughestg

roundswerethemostsuccessful.Inthisevolutionofunimals’morphology(形态)topromotetheabilitytolearn，DrGuptaseesaversionofsomethingcall

edtheBaldwineffect.In1896JamesBaldwin，apsychologist，arguedthatmindsevolvetomakethebestuseofthemorphologiesofthebodies.WhatDrGuptahasshown，thoughinso

ftware，isthattheoppositecanalsobetrue—changesinbodymorphologycanimprovethewaymindswork.Eventhoughheheldthesoftwareconstant，itbecamemoreefficien

tatlearningastheunimals’bodiesevolved.Whetherthatdiscoverycanbeturnedtoaccountinthewayrobotsaredevelo

pedremainstobeseen.Butthewayoftestingiscertainlyanout-of-the-boxidea.语篇解读这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲了斯坦福大学的阿格里姆·古普塔认为可以通过改进硬件来改进机器人的软件，他和他的同事们发明了一种方法来

验证这个想法。5．Howwasthetestconducted?A．Bypromotingunimals’learning.B．Byadjustingtheenvironments.C．Byprovingtheevolutiontheory.D．Bystimu

latingunimals’mutation.答案B解析推理判断题。根据第二段最后一句可推知，这个试验是通过调整环境来进行的。故选B。6．Whatturnedouttobesurprisinginthe

test?A．Thenumberoftrainedunimals.B．Thedeclineintimeforlearningtasks.C．Thevarietyofevolvedshapes.D．Therepla

cementofoldunimals.答案C解析细节理解题。根据第四段第一句“Theteamweresurprisedbythediversityofshapesthatevolved.”可知，测试中令人惊讶的是进化出的各种形状。故选C。7．Whatcan

beconcludedfromthetest?A．Bodychangesbettermindwork.B．Mindevolutionaffectsbodyshaping.C．Hardwarechange

sdonotimpactsoftware.D．Thediscoveryisusefulinrobotdevelopment.答案A解析细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中“changesinbodymorphologycanimprovethewaymindswork”可知，身

体的变化会使大脑工作得更好。故选A。8．What’stheauthor’sattitudetothefinding?A．Negative.B．Approving.C．Indifferent.D．Objective.答案D解析观点态度题。根据最后一段内容可推知，作者对这一

发现持客观的态度。故选D。CPeoplewhoregularlysleepforsixhoursorlesseachnightinmiddleagearemorelikelytodevelopdementia(痴呆)thanthosewhoroutinelym

anagesevenhours，accordingtoamajorstudyintothedisease.Researchersfounda30%greaterriskofdementiainthosewhoduringtheir50s,60sand70sconsistent

lyhadashortnight’ssleep，regardlessofotherriskfactorssuchasheartconditionandpoormentalhealth.Sabia，anauthorofthestudyatthe

universityofParis，andhercolleaguesanalyzedsurveydatafromUniversityCollegeLondon’sWhitehallstudy，whichlaunchedi

n1985andfollowedthehealthandlifestylesofmorethan10,000Britishvolunteers.TheFrenchteamfocusedonnearly8,000participantswhoself-reportedtheirsl

eeppatterns.During25yearsoffollow-up,521participantsdevelopeddementia，withmostdiagnosedintheirlate70s.Writin

ginNatureCommunications，thescientistsdescribedhowthosewhoroutinelygotsixhoursofsleeporlesseachnightinth

eir50sand60swere30%morelikelytodevelopdementiathanthosewhotypicallymanagedsevenhours.Thestudydoesnotprovethatsleepingtoolittlecausesdementi

a，sincesleeplossitselfmaybeoneoftheearliestsymptomsofthedisease.Butsomescientistsbelievetheresultsstrengthenevidenc

ethatcontinuouspoorsleepmayatleastcontributetothedisease.Thefirstpathologicalchangesthatleadtodementiaoccuron

etotwodecadesbeforethediseasebecomesobvious，asstickyproteinscalledamyloidbuildupinthebrain.Whenthe1985Whitehallstudyfirstas

sessedthesleepofvolunteerswholaterdevelopeddementia，thisprocesshadprobablynotstarted.Thismeantthatiftheyweresleepingtoolittle

，itwasunlikelytohavebeencausedbydementia-relatedbrainchanges.“Itstrengthenstheevidencethatpoorsleepinmiddleagecouldcauseorworsende

mentiainlaterlife，”saidDr.LizCoulthard，aconsultantseniorlecturerindementianeurology(神经病学)．“Itmakessensetotakemeasures

toimprovesleepsuchasgoingoutsideduringdaylighthourstohelpmaintainthenaturalrhythmsthatpromotegoodsle

ep，avoidingtoomuchalcoholorcaffeine，particularlybeforebed，andfindingabedtimeroutinethatworksforyou.”语篇解读本文是一篇说明文。一项针对老年痴呆症

的重大研究表明，中年时经常每晚睡6小时或更少的人比那些每晚睡7小时的人更容易在晚年患痴呆症。文章介绍了研究开展的过程以及研究人员对此的看法和建议。9．Whatriskfactorfordementiadoesthepassagefocuson?A．Sleeploss.

B．Age.C．Poormentalhealth.D．Heartcondition.答案A解析主旨大意题。根据第二段“Researchersfounda30%greaterriskofdementiainthosewho...hadashortnight’ssleep，r

egardlessofotherriskfactors...”可知，这篇文章关注的痴呆的风险因素是睡眠不足。故选A。10．HowdidFrenchscientistsgettheresearchfindings?A．Bymakingaco

mparison.B．Bymonitoringsleeppatterns.C．ByinterviewingBritishvolunteers.D．Byanalyzingprevioussurveydata.答案D解析细节理解题。根据第三段第一句可

知，法国科学家通过分析以前的调查数据得到了研究结果。故选D。11．Inwhattonedothescientiststalkabouttheresearch?A．Casual.B．Doubtful.C．Negativ

e.D．Cautious.答案D解析推理判断题。根据第五段内容，这项研究并没有证明睡眠太少会导致痴呆，因为睡眠不足本身可能是这种疾病的早期症状之一。但一些科学家认为，该研究结果进一步证明，持续睡眠不佳至少可能引起这种疾病，由此推知，科学家们很谨慎。故选D。12．Whatisthepurp

oseofthelastparagraph?A．Togiveexamples.B．Tocollectproofs.C．Tooffersuggestions.D．Topresentarguments.答案C解析写作意

图题。根据最后一段最后一句可推知，最后一段的目的是提供建议。故选C。Ⅱ.七选五(2023·山东德州模拟)Itmaycomeasasurprisethatthefashionindustryisoneofthemostpollutingindustriesinth

eworld，especiallywhenitcomestocarbonemissionsandwaterusage.1Clothingproductionreleases10%ofworldwidecarbonemissions.Althoughcottonisoftenofferedas

amoresustainablematerial，onecottonshirtrequires2,700litersofwatertomake，whichisenoughforonepersontodrinkeightcupsperdayfor2.5years.2How

ever，it’sundeniablethatsustainablecompanieslikeReformationandOrganicBasicsareoutofmostpeople’spriceranges.Fast-fashionclothingcompanieshavetheadvan

tageoflowprices，andwhenitcomesdowntoit，mostpeoplewillchooselowpricesoversustainability.So，howcanpeoplebuysustainableclo

thingwhenit’snotaffordable？3Actually，thereareotherwaystopracticesustainablehabits.Ofcourse，thebestwaytolimitwasteistonotbuyanyn

ewclothes.Forexample，savinguptobuymoresustainableclothesandthenwearingthemformanyyearsishealthierfortheenvironmentandyourwallet.

4Thenyoucancombinethemwithyourstatementpiecestogetavarietyofnewoutfitsthatstillfeelstylishanddon’tgeneratew

aste.Certainly，buyingsecond-handclothingisalsoagreatoption.Withever-changingfashiontrendsmovingatbreakneckspeed，consumersareeasilype

rsuadedintobuyingthelatestdesignstostaystylishandsustainable.5Honestly，it’sunnecessary.Wearingwhatmakesyoufeelconfidentwillmake

youlookgood，andtheEarthwillthankyouforyourefforts.A．Therealityisfrightening.B．However，trendishardtokeepup.C．Theyha

venochoicebuttofollowsuit.D．Theycan’t，andmoreover，theydon’thaveto.E．Asimilarresolutionistoownsomebasicpieces.F．Sustainable

fashionhasbeenontheriseinrecentyears.G．Industrialdevelopmentispursuedatthepriceofpollution.语篇解读本文是一篇说明

文。文章主要介绍了时尚业是世界上污染最严重的行业之一以及作为普通人，我们应该如何做才能保护地球。1．答案A解析根据下文可知，此处通过数据具体说明时尚业造成环境污染的严重性，A项(事实是可怕的)是对下文的总体概括，突出时尚业对环境的污染的严重性，符合句意。

故选A。2．答案F解析根据下文内容和However可知，空处和下文是转折关系，F项(近年来，可持续时尚正在兴起)符合语境，与下文阐述的因价格过高而不被选择的情况形成对比。故选F。3．答案D解析根据语境可知，空处

需要继续说明人们为什么不选择可持续的衣服。D项(他们买不起，当然，他们也不必这样做)回答了上文的问题。故选D。4．答案E解析根据空后“Thenyoucancombinethem”中的them可知，空处需要提到them所指代的内容，且该内容

还能和你的衣服进行搭配。E项中的“basicpieces”和空后“statementpieces”对应。故选E。5．答案B解析上文说明时尚一直变，人们很容易追求最新款；下文则在劝说人们不需要一直购买新款。B项(然而，潮流很难跟上)承上启下，符合文意。故选B。