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一、语基必备知识(一)重点词汇——分类记忆Ⅰ.阅读词汇——知其意1．punctuationn．标点符号2．nationwideadv.全国性地3．trendn.趋势，倾向4．theoryn.理论，学说5．
enlargevt.扩大6．theftn.偷窃7．relativen.亲戚，亲属8．tightadj.绷紧的9．transparentadj.清晰易辨的；透明的10．outlinevt.勾出轮廓11．certificaten.证书；证明12．diplom
an.毕业证书13．candidaten.候选人14．amateuradj.业余的15．sincerelyadv.真诚地16．purchasevt.购买Ⅱ.核心词汇——写其形1．thankfuladj.为……感到高兴的；感谢的2．fold
v.折叠；交叉3．decaden.十年4．ensurevt.确保，保证5．attainvt.达到；获得6．acceleratevi.&vt.加速7．guaranteevt.保证8．resemblevt.像；与……相似9．targetn.目标10．unconsciousadj.
无意的；不知不觉的11．merelyadv.只；仅仅12．competencen.能力13．registervt.登记14．punctualadj.准时的，守时的Ⅲ.拓展词汇——通其变1．fluencyn．流利度，流畅度→flu
entadj.流利的，流畅的→fluentlyadv.流利地2．accuracyn．精确度，准确度→accurateadj.精确的，准确的→accuratelyadv.精确地3．absencen．缺乏；缺席→absentadj.缺席的，不在场的4．surroundvt
.环绕，围绕→surroundingadj.周围的→surroundingsn．环境5．adequateadj.足够的，充分的→adequatelyadv.足够地；充分地6．adjustvt.调节；调整
→adjustableadj.可调整的→adjustmentn．调节；调整7．informvt.告知，通知→informationn．信息8．announcementn．通告；宣告→announcev．通知；告知9．congratulat
evt.祝贺→congratulationn．祝贺，贺喜10．negotiatevt.协商；谈判→negotiationn．谈判；协商11．offencen．冒犯；得罪→offendv．冒犯12．approvaln．赞成；赞许；批准→approvevt.赞成→appr
ovingadj.同意的；赞成的13．applicantn．申请人→applyv．申请→applicationn．申请14．embarrassvt.使窘迫→embarrassingadj.令人难堪的，令人窘迫的→embarrassedadj.感到窘迫的→embarrassmentn．窘迫
，难堪1.想要一份工作需要什么？①certificate证书；证明②competence能力③diploma毕业证书④resume简历⑤application申请书⑥interview面试⑦punctual准时的；守时的2.前缀“
en-”/后缀“-en”动词知多少①enrich使充实②enable使能够③enlarge扩大④ensure确保，担保⑤endanger使……遭遇危险⑥widen加宽⑦broaden扩大3.与“购物”相关的名词一览①discount折扣②customer顾客③con
sumer消费者④purchase购买⑤bargain便宜货⑥cashier出纳员⑦refund退款(二)重点短语——记牢用活1．team__up合作2．stand__out出色；突出3．get__ahead取得成功；获得进步4．rely__on依靠；依赖5．take__the__form_
_of采取……形式6．adjust...to...调整……以适应……7．inform__sb.of__sth.通知某人某事8．consist__of__由……组成，构成9．catch__on学会，受欢
迎10．for__ages很久，很长时间11．congratulate__sb.on__sth.就某事向某人祝贺12．on__purpose故意地13．regardless__of不管；不顾14．on__the__ot
her__hand另一方面15．I__bet我肯定16．more__than不仅仅，超过1.“devote...to(介词)”朋友圈①adapt...to...使适应；使配合②adjust...to...调节……以适应③
addict...to...使……对……上瘾④apply...to...把……应用于……⑤prefer...to...喜欢……胜过……2.“不管；不顾”词语一览①inspiteof尽管；不管②despite尽管；不管③regardlessof不管；不顾④nomatter不管，无论⑤leav
ealone不管；不理3.“偶然地”和“故意地”短语集锦①byaccident偶然地②bychance偶然地③bydesign故意地④onpurpose故意地(三)重点句式——背熟巧用句型公式教材原句句型1：Itispredictedthat..
.据预测……It__was__predictedasearlyasthe1700sthatEnglishwouldonedaybethegloballanguageandthathasprovedtobethecaseinthelastfewdecades.早在十八世纪的
时候，人们就预测有一天英语会成为全球语言。在过去的几十年，事实证明确实如此。句型2：whether...or...无论是……还是……，不管是……还是……Qualityinputensuresqualityoutput，whethe
ritisspeakingorwriting.无论是说还是写，高质量的输入确保高质量的输出。句型3：while表示对比，意为“而，却”Somebodyjumpingforjoyiseasytoseewh
ilearaisedeyebrowconveyingdoubtiseasiertomiss.欢呼雀跃的人很容易被看到，而挑起眉毛表示怀疑的(人)则更容易被忽略。句型4：providedthat引导条件状语从句，意为“如果，
倘若”Thirdly，yousaythatthereisadiscountprovided__thatIpayinadvance.第三，你们说如果我预付货款就有折扣。二、语境强化训练Ⅰ.语境填词——根据提示写出该词的适当形式1．Ithinkitmaytakesometimebeforewec
anhaveanaccurate(准确的)assessmentofthedamage.2．Anumberofrecentstudiesindicatethathappinessismoreeasilyattained(获得)aftermiddleage.3．(201
7·江苏卷)Thiscompletebutbriefhistoricalcollectioniscertaintoentertainreadersyoungandold,andguaranteed(保证)topresen
teventhebiggesthistoryloverwithsomethingnew!4．Wejustnaturallythinkthatthefuturewillresemble(与……相似)thepast.5．Don’tbe
soserious.Imerely(仅仅)playedajokeonyou.6．Itisabeautifulcity,surrounded(surround)bymountainsandthePacificOcean.7．(2017
·全国卷Ⅰ)Nowallthatwasneededweretheparents,buttheywereabsent(absence).Igavethehomeownerarecordingofthehungerscreamsofowlchic
ks.8．Weallcameuptotheluckyboytoofferourcongratulations(congratulate)tohim.9．Thefirmwantstoavoidanyemba
rrassing(embarrass)questionsaboutitsfinance.10．(2019·全国卷Ⅰ)Itclearlyshowedthatwhilelikabilitycanleadtohealthyadj
ustment(adjust),highstatushasjusttheoppositeeffectonus.Ⅱ.派生词练习——用所给词的适当形式填空1．I’mnotconvincedabouttheaccuracyoftheweatherreport.Thatis,It
hinkitisnotaccurate,__forit’simpossibletopredicttheweatheraccurately．(accurate)2．ShecouldspeakfluentEnglish.Whe
nweheardherspeakEnglishsofluently，wewereamazedatherfluencyinEnglish.(fluent)3．Tomhadhopedtomeetwiththemanager’sapprova
landfromthemanager’sapprovingnod,heknewthathisplanwasapproved．(approve)4．Toourembarrassment,__allofushadnomoneytopaythebill.Inthatembarrassings
ituation，allofuswereveryembarrassed．(embarrass)5．Thechildrenaregoodatadjusting．Asforthechairs,theyareadjustableandyoucanmakeso
meadjustmentstothem.(adjust)Ⅲ.选词成篇catchon;providedthat;forages;consistof;differfrom;getahead;keepinmind;
keepsb.informedofTo1.get__aheadinEnglish,LiHuahasbeenworkingveryhardto2.catch__onherlessons3.for__ages.Severaldaysago,shejoinedtheEnglish
Corner4.consisting__oftwentystudents.She5.differs__fromotherstudentsinsomeaspects.Forexample,sheoften6.keeps__in__mindwhatshehaslearned
andtriesherbestto7.keep__herself__informed__ofthelatestlearningmethods8.provided__thatshehastheopportunity.ontheonehand;stand
out;adjustoneselfto;ontheotherhand;congratulatesb.on;intheabsenceofTo9.stand__outinhisclassandmakepr
ogress,Johnworkedveryhard.Andtoachievehisgoal,he10.adjusted__himselfquicklytothenewsurroundings,learningthelatestnews.Inaddition,he
attendedEnglisheveningclasses,butsoonhewasawarethatitwashardtolearnitwell11.in__the__absence__ofthenativelanguageenv
ironment.Sotoensurethathecouldachievehisgoal,12.on__the__one__hand,__hetalkedwithhisforeignteacherasmuchaspossibleatschool,and13.on__the__ot
her__hand,__helistenedtoBBCnewsreportsandwatchedEnglishprogrammes.Atlast,hishardworkpaidoffandallofhisfriend
s14.congratulated__him__onhisprogress.Ⅳ.完成句子1．预计随着战争的继续，会有更多人失业。It__is__predicted__thatmorejobswillbelostwiththewargoi
ngon.2．无论好坏，我已经决定接受这份工作邀请。Ihavedecidedtotakethejoboffer,whether__it__is__good__or__bad．3．我去游泳，而其他的人都打网球去了。Iwentswimmingwhiletheothersplay
edtennis.4．只要情况允许，我们下周将举行会议。Provided__thatcircumstancespermit,weshallholdthemeetingnextweek.absencen．缺席，不在；缺乏，不存在[基础练习]—
—单句语法填空①Ishallbeinchargeintheabsenceofthemanager.②DuringhisabsencefromGuangzhouhiscoworkersdidalotofwork.③Theaccidentresultedfromhisabsenceofmi
ndduringdriving.[能力提升]——一句多译在我很长时间没有上学后，我的老师和同学们都帮助我补习功课。④Myteachersandclassmateshelpedmewiththelessonsaftermy__long__absen
ce__from__school．(absence)⑤MyteachersandclassmateshelpedmewiththelessonsafterI__had__been__absent__from__school__for__a__long__time
．(absent)(1)absencefromschool/work缺课/缺勤absenceofmind心不在焉的intheabsenceof(人)不在，缺席；(物)不存在，缺少inone’sabsence在某人不在时，在某人缺席时(2)absentadj.缺席的，不在的
beabsentfrom缺席；不在[佳句背诵]Itwashisabsenceofmindduringdrivingthatnearlycausedaseriousaccident.就是他开车时的心不在焉才差点导致一起严重事故。
surroundvt.围绕；环绕[基础练习]——单句语法填空①a.(2019·江苏卷)Stevearrivedandsatinthefrontrow,surrounded(surround)byhisfamily.b．(2018·天津卷)Noww
eliveinaworldsurrounded(surround)bythe“can’tdo”attitudes.c．(福建卷)Surrounding(surround)yourselfwithpeoplewho’llprovid
eyouwithrespectsupportcanbeverybeneficial.②a.(2018·天津卷)Whydothehikerstakenonoticeofthesurroundings(surr
ound)duringthejourney?b．Standingonthetopofthemountain,wecanhaveagoodviewofthesurrounding(surround)hills.[能力
提升]——句式升级③(普通表达)Thetallbuildinginthedistanceishometomyfather’scompany.Thetallbuildingissurroundedbyagreatmanybigtrees.(高级表达)
Thetallbuildingwhich__is__surrounded__by__a__great__many__big__trees__in__the__distanceishometomyfather’
scompany.(定语从句)(1)surroundsb./sth.with/by...使某人/某物被……包围(2)surroundingadj.周围的surroundingsn.环境(通常用复数形式)[佳句背诵]Seeingfromthehillinthe
distance,youwillfindthecityofPingyaoisstillsurroundedbytheoldcitywalls.从远处的山上看，你会发现平遥市仍被古城墙围绕着。[名师点津](1)su
rroundings专指自然环境；(2)environment可指自然环境也可指精神环境，常用单数形式。[词块助记]someissuessurroundingalcoholabuse有关酗酒的一些问题thesurroundingscenery四周的风景guaranteevt.保证
；担保n．保证；保修；担保；抵押品[基础练习]——单句语法填空①a.Iguaranteeto__pay(pay)offmydebtsontime,nomatterwhathappens.b．Weshouldpayattentiontosmalldetails,wh
ichcanguaranteeusto__succeed(succeed)intheend.②Theshopsaidtheywouldreplacethetelevisionaslongasitwasstillunder
guarantee.[能力提升]——一句多译抓住这个机会吧，我保证你不会后悔的。③Takethisopportunity,andIguarantee__that__you__won’t__regret__it．(guaranteev．)④Takethisopportun
ity,andIgive__you__a__guarantee__that__you__won’t__regret__it．(guaranteen．)(1)guaranteesb.sth./guaranteesth.tosb.向某人保证
某事guaranteetodo/that...保证做……；确保……(2)underguarantee在保修期内givesb.aguarantee(that)．..向某人保证……[佳句背诵]①Notonlyisw
orkinghardaguaranteeofsuccess,butitisalsoamongtheessentialrequirements.努力工作不仅是成功的保证，而且是成功必不可少的要求之一。②Thecarisstillunderguarantee,soyoushouldbea
bletogetitrepairedfreeofcharge.这辆汽车还在保修期内，所以你应该可以免费修理。adjustv．调节，调整；校准；使适应[基础练习]——单句语法填空①Thiskindofdeskcanbe__adjusted(adjust)to
theheightyouneed.Besides,it’snotexpensiveatall.②Iwaswonderingwhethershecouldadjusttoliving(live)inthemountainousvillagealone
.③(江苏卷)Someschoolswillhavetomakeadjustments(adjust)inagreementwiththenationalsoccerreform.[能力提升]——完成句子/句式升级④(普通表达)Mike’smotherdidalmoste
verythingforhimwhenhewasinhighschool,andthatmade__it__difficult__for__him__to__adjust__to(让他很难适应)thefirst-yearcolleg
elife.⑤(高级表达)Mike’smotherdidalmosteverythingforhimwhenhewasinhighschool,making__it__difficult__for__h
im__to__adjust__to__the__firstyear__college__life．(现在分词作状语)(1)adjust...to...调整……以适应……adjust(oneself)to...(使自己)适应……(2)adjustmentn.
调整；调节makeanadjustmentto对……进行调整[佳句背诵]Ithinkthatyouwillquicklyadjust(yourself)tothemthoughtheweatherandthefoodare
differentfromyours.虽然天气、食物与你那儿的有所不同，但我相信你会很快适应的。[名师点津]adjustto...和adjust...to...中的to都是介词，其后需接名词或动名词。informvt.告知；通知[基础练习]——单
句语法填空①(2018·全国卷Ⅰ)Now，Iamwritingtoinformyouofsomerelevantdetails.②Thebossaskedhissecretarytokeephimwellinformed(inform)oftheprogra
mme’sprogress.③Hethreatenedto__inform(inform)thegovernmentofhisillegalactivities.[能力提升]——词汇升级④(普通表达)I’mmorethandelightedtotellyouthe
goodnewsthatashortEnglishfilmwillbeshownthisweekendinourschool.(2018·全国卷Ⅱ)(高级表达)I’mmorethandelightedtoinform__you
__ofthegoodnewsthatashortEnglishfilmwillbeshownthisweekendinourschool.(1)informsb.ofsth.告诉/通知某人某事informsb.that/when/how...通知某人……keepsb.informed
(of...)使某人随时了解(……)(2)informationn.[U]通知；消息；情报；信息[佳句背诵]I’mLiHua,thecaptainofourschoolvolleyballteam.Iamwritingtoinformyouth
atourteamisgoingtoplayintheNationalLeague.我是李华，是我们学校排球队的队长。我写信是想通知你我们队要参加全国联赛。(2019·全国卷Ⅱ)congratulatevt.祝贺；庆贺[基础练习]——单句语法填
空①(2019·天津卷)IhadhopedtosendPeteragiftto__congratulate(congratulate)himonhismarriage,butIcouldn’tmanageit.②Congratulations(congratulate)toyouon
yourqualificationforthisWorldCupFootballChampionship![能力提升]——一句多译我祝贺你在“汉语桥”汉语演讲比赛中获得一等奖。③Iwouldliketo__express__my__congratulations__to__you__onyour
receivingthefirstprizeofChineseBridgeChineseSpeechContest.(congratulationn．)④Iwouldliketocongratulate__
you__on__yourreceivingthefirstprizeofChineseBridgeChineseSpeechContest.(congratulatevt.)(1)congratulatesb.on
sth.doingsth.祝贺某人某事/做某事(2)congratulationn.祝贺；恭喜congratulationstosb.onsth.祝贺某人某事[佳句背诵]Congratulationsonyourmaki
nggreatprogressinlearningChinese.祝贺你在学习汉语方面取得了很大的进步。(2017·全国卷Ⅰ)[名师点津]congratulation在用作名词时常常要用复数形式。resemb
levt.像；与……相似[基础练习]——单句语法填空①Sheresembleshersisterinappearancebutnotincharacter.②Theanimalsmakeastrangesound,resembli
ng(resemble)thebarkofadog.[能力提升]——一句多译电影里发生的事和现实生活几乎没有相似之处。③Whathappensinthefilmis__hardly__similar__towhatact
uallyhappened.(similar)④Whathappensinthefilmbears__little__resemblance__towhatactuallyhappened.(resem
blance)(1)resemblesb./sth.(in)...(在……方面)与某人/某物相似(2)resemblancen.相似beararesemblanceto(＝besimilarto...)与……相似[佳句背诵
]Fromafar,thereedhousesresemblethericedumplingswehaveatDragonBoatFestival.芦苇屋远看像极了我们端午节吃的粽子。getahead
取得进步；获得成功；领先[能力提升]——完成句子①对我来讲，此时最重要的是在工作上获得成功。Getting__ahead__at__workisthemostimportantthingtomeatthemoment.②现在我们必须忘掉所有不愉快的事并且
展望未来。Wehavetoforgetallthesadthingsnowandlook__ahead．③(全国卷Ⅲ)他虽然受了伤，但是没有被打垮，他仍然是超越我的。Damagedbutnotdefeated,hewasstillahead__of__me．get
aheadof超过；胜过goahead前进；干吧；说吧goaheadwith开始lookahead向前看aheadof在……之前；胜过，超过[佳句背诵]Hewastalkingaboutthewaytogetaheadinbusiness.他正在谈如何成功地拓展业务。taketh
e/aformof以……的形式出现(存在)[基础练习]——单句语法填空①IsawMikelastnight—hewasingoodform，whichmademerelieved.②Inotherwords,helpintheformofmoneyw
illbeverywelcome.③(广东卷)Anotherargumentagainsttelevisionisthatitreplacesreadingasaformofentertainment.④Youneedtofillin/ou
taformifyouwanttoapplyforthisposition.[能力提升]——完成句子⑤(重庆卷)自从那时，我已养成了与朋友定期打篮球的习惯，这有助于我们变得更强大、更自信。Sincethen,I__hav
e__formed__the__habit__of__playing__basketballwithmyfriendsregularly,whichhelpsustogrowstrongerandbecomemoreconfident.(1)formthehabitof
doingsth.＝getinto/fallintothehabitofdoingsth.养成做某事的习惯(2)intheformof以……的形式；呈现……的形式inform竞技状态佳的outofform竞技状态不佳的fillin/outaform填表[佳句背诵]Usu
allythesefavorstaketheformofanintroduction,reference,feedback,orbroadcastonsocialmedia.通常情况下，这些人情的表现形式是相互介绍、做出担保、给予反馈或者在社交媒体上传播信息。catc
hon学会；受欢迎；流行起来；(与to连用)理解；被接受[一词多义]——写出下列句中catchon的含义①Heinventedanewgame，butitneverreallycaughton.流行起来②Heisvery
quicktocatchontothings.理解③Ithinkthisnovelwillcatchonwellafteritcomesout.受欢迎④Ifonlythisideacouldcatchon，weshouldbe
abletomakemuchmoneyoutofit.被接受[基础练习]——单句语法填空/单句改错⑤ItisanicesongandIthinkitwillcatchonquickly.⑥Johnrantoo
fastformetocatchupwithhim.⑦Thegirldressedinwhitewasoncecaughtstealfromthesupermarket.steal→stealing⑧Hewaswalkingint
hestreetwhenhecaughtthesightofabirdinthetree.删除第二个thecatchholdof抓住catchup(with)赶上catchsb.doingsth.撞见某人做某事catchsightof看见[佳句背诵
]①Motherscatchontowhattheirchildrenthinkabout.妈妈们最理解她们的孩子们在想什么。②Keepaneyeoutforthebeautiful,observetheunusual,andcatch
sightofthesurprising.留意周围不经意的美丽，观察那些不同寻常的事物，捕捉那令人惊艳的一瞥。[名师点津]“v.＋on”的相关短语还有：agreeon,carryon,comeon,d
ependon,focuson等。ontheotherhand另一方面；反过来说[基础练习]——单句语法填空①ToimproveyourEnglish,firstly,youshouldlistenmore；secondly(second),youshouldreadmore；las
tbutnotleast,youshouldputwhatyouhavelearnedintouse.②Theydidn’tbuythecar.Foronething,theydidn’tlikeitscolor;foranother,__itwastooexpensive.[能力提升]——完成句
子③(2018·浙江卷6月)一方面，我精通英语；另一方面我有陪伴外国朋友的经验。On__the__one__hand,__IhaveagoodcommandofspokenEnglish；on__the__other__handIhavesomeexpe
rienceinaccompanyingforeignfriends.④一方面，我对那部电影没有兴趣；另一方面，我没有时间。For__one__thing,__Idon’thaveanyinterestinthatmovie;for__ano
ther,__Ihavenotime.表示列举的表达方式：(1)on(the)onehand...;ontheotherhand...一方面……；另一方面……(2)foronething...;foranother(thing)...首先/一则……
；其次/二则……(3)first(ly)...;second(ly)...第一……；第二……[名师点津](1)ontheonehand...;ontheotherhand...“一方面……；另一方面……”，常用来表述一个事物的两个
方面，通常用于引出不同的，尤其对立的观点、思想等。(2)foronething...;foranother(thing)．..“首先……；其次……”，所述两个方面的情况常常一致。whether...or...无论是……还是……，不管是……还是……(教材
P6)Qualityinputensuresqualityoutput，whetheritisspeakingorwriting.无论是说还是写，高质量的输入确保高质量的输出。[基础练习]——单句语法填空①(
山东卷)Itdoesn’tmatterwhetheryoupaybycashorcreditcardinthisstore.②(2018·北京卷)WhenIstartedrunninginmy30s,Irealizedrunningwasab
attleagainstmyself,notaboutcompetitionorwhetherornotIwasathletic.[能力提升]——完成句子③(牛津词典)不管成功与否，我们确实已尽了最大努力。Whet
her__we__are__successful__or__not,__wecanbesurethatwedidourbest.(让步状语从句)④究竟此事对我们有害还是有利，还有待验证。Whether__it__will__do__us__harm
__or__good__remainstobeseen.(主语从句)(1)whether...or...“无论是……还是……，不管是……还是……”，引导让步状语从句。(2)whether...or...
也可引导名词性从句作主语或宾语。(3)whether也可和ornot连用。[佳句背诵]Yoursonmaynotbethebestbasketballplayeronhisteam.Butifhe’soutthereeverydayandplayinghard,
youshouldpraisehiseffortregardlessofwhetherhisteamwinsorloses.你儿子可能不是他队里最好的篮球运动员。但是如果他每天都在那里努力训练，不管他的球队是赢还是输，你
都应该对他的努力提出表扬。(2019·浙江卷6月)providedthat引导条件状语从句，意为“如果，倘若”(教材P12)Thirdly,yousaythatthereisadiscountprovidedthatIpayinadvance.
第三，你们说如果我预付货款就有折扣。[基础练习]——单句语法填空①I’llagreetogotothatfamouscityprovided(provide)thatmyexpensesarepaid
.②Given(give)thatflightsarefullybookedonthatday—whichotherdaycouldwego?[能力提升]——一句多译只要你把作业做完，你就可以出去玩。
③Youcangoouttoplayas__long__as__you__finish__your__homework．(aslongas)④Youcangoouttoplayon__condition__tha
t__you__finish__your__homework．(onconditionthat)⑤Youcangoouttoplayprovided__that__you__finish__your__ho
mework．(providedthat)此句中的providedthat为连词，表示“如果，倘若”，引导条件状语从句，that可以省去，也可用providing替换provided。与之同义的结构还有suppose/suppos
ingthat/giventhat/assumingthat/aslongas/onconditionthat等。[佳句背诵]①Providedthatthereisnoobjection,wewillbeginthenextitem.如果没有异议，我
们将开始下一个项目。②Providingthathecanwinthesupportofmostofhisclassmates,hewillbeelectedmonitor.如果他能赢得大多数同学的支持，他就会被选为班长。维度一在空白处填入括号内单词的正确形式1．(2018·天津
卷)Ittookhimalongtimetoacquire(acquisition)theskillsheneededtobecomeagooddancer.2．Hetriedtorunawaybutgaveupwhenhefoundhimselfsurrounded(surround)．3．My
horseturnedtothelefttoavoidthelittlerabbitasIheldontightly(tight)andtriednottofall.4．Itisimpossibletosaywithanyaccuracy(accurate)howmanyareaffected.5
．Withthelevelsofcarbondioxideintheairincreasingrapidly,theglobal(globe)temperaturecontinuesgoingup.维度二在空白处填入1个适当的单词1．Itisreportedthatamineaccide
nthappenedinatowninShanxiProvince.2．Thebossaskedustokeephiminformedofwhat’sgoingoninthecompany.3．Wehavebeentraini
ngourstudentstoadjustthemselvestothelifehere.4．Provided/Providingthattheyrefuseourplan，whoelsecanyouturntoforhelp?5．Youmayevencatchsightofapolarbea
rontheice.维度三语境品词(写出加黑词汇在语境中的意义)1．Weofferedoursincerecongratulationstoherwhenshefinallygraduatedfromcollege.祝贺2．Surround
edbytheseaonthreesides,modernQingdaoisconsideredoneofthemostlivablecitiesinChina.包围；环绕3．(2018·全国卷Ⅲ)OnMarch1
9,Dennisgotagrouptextinforminghimthatacouplehedidn’tknowwereatthehospital,waitingforthearrivalofababy.告知；通知4．Onlywhenoneisingoodheal
thcanheguaranteeefficientlearning.保证5．Asanoldsayinggoes,“Happinessisnottheabsenceofproblems,buttheab
ilitytodealwiththem.”不存在提能一语段填空(短文中黑体部分为本单元核心知识点，请补全短文，并背诵体会黑体部分用法)Asacandidate,Davidworkedveryhardtoat
tainhistarget.Ontheonehand,headjusted1.himself(him)tothenewsurroundings.Ontheotherhand,hekepthimself2.informed(inform)ofth
elatestnews.Besides,3.to__ensure(ensure)adequatechancestospeak,heregisteredforclassesonline,4.becausehewasawar
ethatitwashardtolearnEnglishwell5.intheabsenceofnativespeakers.6.Whatsurprisedallwasthathenotmerelyattendedclasses7.punc
tually(punctual)andreadbooksadaptedforbeginners,buthealso8.enlarged(enlarge)hisvocabularythroughdifferent9.media(medium).Atlast,hi
shardwork10.paid(pay)offandallofhisfriendscongratulatedhimonhisprogress.提能二话题写作(用本单元词汇、句式和语法知识写满分作文)1．补全要点句(黑体部分请用本单元所学词汇)①在当今社会，说流利
的英语对我们非常重要。Itisveryimportantforustospeak__fluent__Englishintoday’sworld.②要掌握一门外语，我认为扩大词汇量是必不可少的。Toacquireagoodknowledgeofaforeignlanguage,Ithinkit_
_is__essential__to__enlarge__our__vocabulary．③我们应该尽量置身于母语是英语的人的包围之中。Weshouldtry__to__be__surrounded__by__those__native
__speakers．④我们不能太依赖母语。Weshouldn’trely__on__our__mother__tongue__too__much．⑤只要我们坚持努力练习，迟早我们会脱颖而出的。IfwekeeppracticingEnglish,wewillstand__out__so
oner__or__later．2．升级平淡句⑥用“beof＋名词”升级句①It__is__of__great__importance__for__us__to__speak__fluent__English__in__today’s__world.⑦用aslongas引导条件状语从句升级句⑤
As__long__as__we__keep__practicing__English,__we__will__stand__out__sooner__or__later.3．衔接成美文(注意使用适当的过渡衔接词汇：firstofall,secondly,lastly)____________
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_______________________Onepossibleversion：ItisofgreatimportanceforustospeakfluentEnglishintoday’sworld.Toacquireagoodknowledgeof
aforeignlanguage,Ithink,firstofall,itisessentialtoenlargeourvocabulary.Secondly,weshouldtrytobesurroundedbythosenativespeakers.Lastly,weshouldn’tr
elyonourmothertonguetoomuch.AslongaswekeeppracticingEnglish,wewillstandoutsoonerorlater.课时练12篇阅读＋1篇七选五＋1篇完形Ⅰ.阅读理解A(2020·北京房山区高三模拟)Gabr
iella’sfamilyimmigratedtotheUSfromPeruwhenshewastwoyearsold.Asacompoundbilingual(熟谙两种语言的人),Gabrielladevelopstwolingui
sticcodesatthesametime,withasetofconcepts,learningbothEnglishandSpanish.Herteenagebrother,ontheotherha
nd,mightbeacoordinatebilingual,workingwithtwosetsofconcepts,learningEnglishinschool,Spanishathome.Finally,Gabriella’sparentsarelikelytobesub
ordinatebilingualswholearnedasecondlanguagebytranslatingitintotheirmothertongue.Regardlessofaccentandpronunciation,alltype
sofbilingualpeoplecanbecomefullyproficientinalanguage.Itseemsthatthedifferencemaynotbeapparent.Butrecentlybrainimagingtechnologyhasgivenaglimpseinto
howspecificaspectsoflanguagelearningaffectthebilingualbrain.It’swellknownthatthebrain’slefthemisphere(半球)isinchargeoflogicalprocesses,whi
letherighthemisphereismoreactiveinemotionalandsocialones.Languageinvolvesbothtypesoffunctions.Criticalperiodhypothesissayschildrenlearnlang
uagesmoreeasilybecausetheirdevelopingbrainsletthemusebothhemispheresinlanguagelearning,whileinmostadults,languag
ereliesononehemisphere,usuallytheleft.Beforethe1960s,bilingualismwasconsideredahandicapthatslowedthechildren’sdevelopmentbyfor
cingthemtospendtoomuchenergydistinguishingbetweenlanguages.Butarecentstudydidshowthatbilingualismmaymakeyousmarter.Itdoesmakeyourbrainmorecomplex
,healthier,andmoreactivelyengaged,andevenifyoudidn’thavethegoodfortuneoflearningasecondlanguagelikeachild,it’
snevertoolatetodoyourselfafavorandmakethelinguisticleapfrom“Hello”to“Hola”“Bonjour”or“nihao”becausewhenitcomestoourbrains,alitt
leexercisecangoalongway.【解题导语】本文是一篇说明文。研究发现，双语学习能使大脑更加聪明、更加健康、更活跃；学习外语永远不迟。1．WhyisGabriella’sfamilyusedasthee
xampleinParagraph1?A．Toshowthatthefamilyarebilinguals.B．Toexplaintheadvantagesofbilinguals.C．Toillustratethethreetypesofbilinguals.D．Topro
veallagescanlearnforeignlanguages.C解析：细节理解题。根据第一段的内容可知，Gabriella家中有三种不同的双语学习类型的人，据此可知，第一段以Gabriella的家庭为例是为了说明三种不同双语学习类型的人，故C项正确。2．W
hydothechildrenlearnlanguagesmoreeasilythanadults?A．Becausetheylearnlanguageswithasetofconcepts.B．Becausetheyuseboth
hemispherestolearnlanguages.C．Becausetheirmothertonguedoesn’tinfluencethemmuch.D．Becausetheycaneasil
ytranslateonelanguageintoanother.B解析：细节理解题。根据第二段尾句中的“childrenlearnlanguagesmoreeasilybecausetheirdevelopingbrainsletthemus
ebothhemispheresinlanguagelearning,whileinmostadults,languagereliesononehemisphere,usuallytheleft”可知，儿童学习语言更
容易是因为他们发育中的大脑让他们在语言学习中使用两个大脑半球，而在大多数成年人中，学习语言依赖于一个大脑半球，通常是左半球，故B项正确。3．Whichofthefollowingbestexplainstheunderline
dword“handicap”inParagraph3?A．Disease.B．Disability.C．Disadvantage.D．Illness.C解析：词义猜测题。根据第三段第一句“Beforethe19
60s,bilingualismwasconsideredahandicapthatslowedthechildren’sdevelopmentbyforcingthemtospendtoomuchenergydistinguishingbetwee
nlanguages.”尤其是该句中的“slowed”和“forcingthemtospendtoomuchenergydistinguishingbetweenlanguages”并结合语境可推知，画线词与C项“不利因素，障碍”意
思相近，故C项正确。4．Whatcanweinferfromthetext?A．Theleftbrainismoreimportantforlanguagelearning.B．Learninglanguagescanpromotethebraindevel
opment.C．Theproficiencyoflanguagebecomesweakgraduallywithage.D．Immigrantshaveadvantagesinlearninglanguagesovernatives.B解析：推理判断题。根据第三段第二、三句
中的“Butarecentstudydidshowthatbilingualismmaymakeyousmarter.Itdoesmakeyourbrainmorecomplex,healthier,andmoreactivelyengaged”可知，最近的一项研究确实表明，双语可
能会让你更聪明。它确实会让你的大脑更复杂、更健康、更活跃；据此可推知，学习语言会促进大脑的发展，故B项正确。B(2020·郑州高三第二次质量预测)ThomasCheathamhadplannedtostudyLatinduringhistimeatHebron
HighSchoolinTexas.ButwhenhelearnedthattheschooldistrictwasgoingtoofferaMandarin(普通话)class,hequicklychangedhismind.“IthoughtMandarinwouldbemore
beneficialthanLatin，”saidCheatham,whoisnowinhissecondyearofstudyingthelanguage.HespeaksMandarintoorderfood
atChineserestaurantsandcanreadsocialmediapostsfromhisChinesespeakingfriends.Whileit’sadifficultlanguagetomas
ter,thehighschooljunior,whoplanstostudycomputerengineering,thinksitwillbeimportantforhiscareer.“Chineseisagoodlanguagetoknow,especiallywi
thChinabecomingagrowingpower，”hesaid.Manyexpertsagreethatproficiency(熟练)inalanguagespokenbyabillionpeopleworld
widewillgiveAmericanstudentsanedgeintheglobaleconomy.“PeoplearelookingatChinaasournexteconomiccompetitor,andinterestinMandarinisgrowingfast，”saidMart
yAbbott,directoroftheAmericanCouncilontheTeachingofForeignLanguages.“We’reseeingitinallpartsofthecountry.”Abbottpredictsth
atasmanyas100，000studentsarenowstudyingMandarininpublicandprivateschoolsthroughouttheUS.ShesaidtheUSgove
rnmenthasdesignated(指定)Mandarinasan“importantneed”languageandprovidesprofessionaldevelopmentprogramsforteachers.“Ourgovernmentwantstoincreaseo
urlanguageabilityforeconomiccompetitiveness，”Abbottadded.Atthesametime,theChinesegovernmentisspreadingknowledgeoftheChines
elanguageandculturethroughConfuciusInstitutessetupinmanyUSstates.Forexample,theConfuciusInstituteattheUniversityofTexasatDallashasb
eenthehomeofaConfuciusInstitutefor10years.ItsponsorsConfuciusClassroomsat21localpublicandprivateschools,where
tensofthousandsofstudentsarelearningMandarin.【解题导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲了普通话在美国学生中日益流行。5．WhydidThomasCheathamdecidetostudyMandarininsteadofLatin?A．Mandarinwa
seasiertolearnthanLatin.B．Mandarincouldbehelpfultohisfuturecareer.C．MandarinmighthelphimlearnmoreaboutChina.D．Mandarincouldenablehimtost
udycomputerengineering.B解析：细节理解题。根据第三段第二句“Whileit’sadifficultlanguagetomaster,thehighschooljunior,whoplanstostudycomputerengineering,thinksit
willbeimportantforhiscareer.”可知，ThomasCheatham认为学习普通话对他的未来职业有帮助，所以才决定学习普通话。6．Theunderlinedword“edge”inParagraph4pro
bablymeans“________”．A．aslightadvantageB．theoutsidelimitC．asharptoneofvoiceD．anexcitingqualityA解析：词义猜测题
。根据语境尤其是第三段最后一句中的“Chineseisagoodlanguagetoknow,especiallywithChinabecomingagrowingpower”和第四段第一句中的“alanguagespokenbyabillionpeople”可知，随着中国的发
展，学习普通话大有裨益，由此可推知，学习普通话让美国学生在全球经济中有一定的优势，这与文章第五段的内容呼应。故画线词意为“优势”，与A项含义相近。7．WhichofthefollowingstatementsmightMartyAbbottagreewith
?A．MandarinshouldbetaughtinclassroomsthroughouttheUS.B．ThoseskilledatChinesewillbethemostcompetitiveinthefuture.C．TheUSgovernment’spolicyhashel
pedpopularizeMandarinintheUS.D．AmericanslearnMandarinbecausetheyworryabouttheireconomicsecurity.C解析：推理判断题。根据语境尤其是对
第六段的整体理解可推知，在MartyAbbott看来，美国政府的政策有助于普通话在美国的推广。8．Whatdoestheauthormainlytalkaboutinthispassage?A．Therisingpopularity
ofMandarinamongAmericanstudents.B．ThegreatbenefitsoflearningMandarinforAmericanstudents.C．TheinfluenceofChina’sgrowingp
oweronAmericaneducation.D．TheeffectofConfuciusInstitutesinpromotingMandarinintheUS.A解析：主旨大意题。根据对全文的整体理解可推知，本文主要讲述的是普通话在美国学生中日
益流行的现象，这与最后一段的进一步论述呼应。故选A。Ⅱ.七选五(2020·郑州一中摸底测试)Teenagersareespeciallylikelytosufferloneliness.Herearesomesuggestionsforspeedingarecoveryfromlo
neliness.Reachouttoothers,butstartsmall.Asmileandafriendlygreetingforthestudentbehindyouinlineatthecaf
eteriawon’tmakeyoubestfriends.1.________Italsocanmakeiteasiertointeractthenexttime.Findasafeplacetomakeconnections.Ifgoingtotheschoolda
ncemakesyoufeellikeyoujustdon’tbelong,tryjoiningaspecialinterestgroup.Maybeit’sthedramacluborthemarchingband.2.________Findotherwaysofmakingco
nnections.Lonelypeoplehungerforacceptanceandfriendship.Sometimesfeelingacceptedandlikedcomesmoreeasilywhenyoudosometh
ingforothers.3.________Teachachildreading.Takenotesforadisabledclassmate.Youmightbesurprisedattheconnectionsyoumakeafterreaching
outtoothersintheseways.4．________Lonelinessisanabsenceofqualityfriendships,notofaparticularquantityoffriends.That
’swhyit’simportanttoknowhowtoselectafriend.Thebestfriendshipsarethosebasedonsimilarvaluesandattitudes.Yougetwhatyouexpect,soexpectthebest.
Ifyouexpectotherstobefriendly,youwillbehaveinsimilarways.5．________Itgoesawayasteenslearnhowtofindtheirwaythroughtheirsocialworldandconne
ctwithothers.A．Butitwillmakeyoubothfeelprettygood.B．Soconsiderbecomingavolunteer.C．Someteensaren’tsoadaptable,however.D．Encouragepeople
tobefriendliertoyou.E．Choosetherightpeople.F．Formostyoungpeople,lonelinessisonlytemporary.G．Lookforagroupthatallowsyoutoeasegradua
lly.【解题导语】本文主要介绍了应对孤独的一些建议。1．A解析：根据语境可知，空前一句和空后的“Italsocanmakeiteasiertointeractthenexttime.”存在逻辑上的转折关系，所以A项“但是它将使你们都感到很好”符合语境。2．G解析：根据上
文“Findasafeplacetomakeconnections.Ifgoingtotheschooldancemakesyoufeellikeyoujustdon’tbelong,tryjoiningaspecialinterestgroup.”可推知，作者建议找一个让自己觉得舒
服的团体，所以选G项。3．B解析：根据上文“Sometimesfeelingacceptedandlikedcomesmoreeasilywhenyoudosomethingforothers.”可知，帮助他人会让孤独者更易被接纳和喜欢。故B项“因此考虑做一
名志愿者”衔接下文“Teachachildreading.Takenotesforadisabledclassmate.”。4．E解析：根据下文“Lonelinessisanabsenceofqualityfriendships,notofaparticularquantityoff
riends.That’swhyit’simportanttoknowhowtoselectafriend.”可推知，选对朋友对孤独者尤其重要，他们缺的不是特定数量的朋友，而是高质量的友谊，所以选E项。5．F解析：由空后的“Itgoesawayast
eenslearnhowtofindtheirwaythroughtheirsocialworldandconnectwithothers.”可推知，青少年的孤独是暂时的，随着他们学会如何通过社会阅历找到自己的道路和与他人建立关系，孤独就会不复
存在，所以选F项。Ⅲ.完形填空(2020·信阳高三调研)Inaclean,clinicalroom,mybestfriendwasdyinginmyarms.Hiseyes,darkbrownandtrusting,would
soon__1__forever.Heartbroken,Isaid,“Flash,you__2__somuchhappinesstome.Iwilldosomethinggoodasa__3__．”Flashcameintomy__4__whenIwa
snine.Fromthemomentmyparentsbroughtthiscutedoghome,he__5__myfamilywithjoy.Then,__6__happened.MymumwasdiagnosedwithbreastcancerwhenIwas11.Thenmygran
dma,whowasmy__7__，passedaway.MysisterdevelopedCrohn’sdiseaseandwhilebeingtested,__8__aheartattack.Iwa
sbeingbulliedatschoolandstartedto__9__classesandavoidseeingpeople.Flashsoongavemeallthe__10__hecouldoffer.ThereweretimeswhenIfelt
therewasno__11__，butapairofbrowneyesandlovingfacewouldsomehoweaseme.Iknewhewas__12__thereforme.Iknewheunderstood.Nowafter15years,F
lashwas__13__.Ithoughtdoingcharityworkwasthebestrewardforhim.I__14__inanon-profitorganizationinSouthamptonandco
ntributedabout3，500hoursto__15__childrenwithspecialneeds,whichcompletelychangedmylife.Ilearnedtolovethe__16__Ihadbeeno
n,andevenacceptthe__17__bits.IstillmissFlash.Itwashimthathadsomehow__18__metohelpothers.Flash’sdeathwasoneofthe__19__momentsofmylife.Butitw
asalsoaninspiringmomentthat__20__whoIwas—inthebestpossibleway—forever.【解题导语】陪伴“我”多年的狗去世了，“我”悲痛欲绝，因为它曾经在“我”人生最艰难
的时期陪伴“我”；狗离开“我”之后，“我”开始思考如何回报它的陪伴；于是，“我”加入了志愿者服务行列。1．A.openB．closeC．shineD．fadeB解析：根据本段第一句中的“mybestf
riendwasdying”可知，狗就要去世了，它的眼睛即将永远闭上。故选B。2．A.broughtB．toldC．savedD．owedA解析：根据第二段的内容可知，“我”九岁时，Flash走进“我”的生活，陪伴“我”；由此可知，此处表示它曾经给“我”带来了那么多的快
乐。故选A。3．A.reliefB．chanceC．bonusD．rewardD解析：根据第五段中的“Ithoughtdoingcharityworkwasthebestrewardforhim.”可知
，为了报答Flash的陪伴，“我”将尽自己的能力做一些事情回报它。故选D。4．A.mindB．roomC．worldD．powerC解析：根据下文中的“myparentsbroughtthiscutedoghome”可知，在“我”九岁时，Flash进入“我”的世界。故选C。
5．A.helpedB．filledC．protectedD．decoratedB解析：根据语境可知，Flash让“我”的家充满欢乐。故选B。6．A.disastersB．storiesC．wondersD．mistakesA解析：根据下文可知，母亲患了癌症，祖母去世了，妹妹也生病了，并且“
我”在学校受到同学的欺负。由此可知，“我”的家庭经历了一系列不幸的事情，故选A。7．A.burdenB．troubleC．strengthD．challengeC解析：根据语境并结合选项可知，祖母当时是“我”的力量源泉。故选C。8．A.causedB．n
oticedC．foughtD．sufferedD解析：根据该句中的“whilebeingtested”和“aheartattack”可推知，妹妹当时在检查的过程中，遭受了心脏病的折磨。故选D。9．A.skipB．giveC．takeD．enjoyA解析
：根据该句中的“beingbulliedatschool”和“avoidseeingpeople”可知，“我”当时在学校受到欺负，并且开始避开人群。由此可推知，“我”当时开始逃课。故选A。10．A.commentB．comfortC．expectationD．relax
ationB解析：根据该段中的“easeme”和“Iknewheunderstood.”可知，Flash给了“我”极大的安慰。故选B。11．A.hopeB．timeC．moneyD．useA解析：根据第三段的内容可
知，“我”曾经遇到了一系列的不幸，“我”时常感到生活没有了希望，但是Flash棕色的眼睛、可爱的脸庞总是能让“我”感到宽慰。故选A。12．A.frequentlyB．sometimesC．hardlyD．alwaysD解
析：根据上文可知，Flash总是能够在“我”最困难的时候，一直陪伴“我”。故选D。13．A.agingB．goneC．missingD．desertedB解析：根据本文第一句并结合该句可知，现在，15年后，Flash去世了。故选B。14．A.searchedB．competed
C．volunteeredD．performedC解析：根据下文中的“anon-profitorganization”和“contributedabout3，500hours”可知，“我”自愿在一家非营利机构工作。故选C。15．A.attendi
ngtoB．meetingwithC．talkingaboutD．bringingupA解析：根据下文中的“childrenwithspecialneeds”可知，“我”贡献了大约3500个小时来照看有特殊需要的孩子。故选A。A项意为“照料
”。16．A.earthB．journeyC．holidayD．streetB解析：根据上文中的“whichcompletelychangedmylife”可知，通过志愿者服务，“我”的生活完全变了，“我”开始喜欢自己过去所经历的旅程，甚至接受了最难接受的那些
事情。故选B。17．A.fantasticB．absurdC．hardD．pleasantC解析：参见上题解析。18．A.ledB．forcedC．trainedD．persuadedA解析：根据空前一句“IstillmissF
lash.”及下文中的“aninspiringmoment”可知，Flash引导“我”去帮助他人。故选A。19．A.fullestB．craziestC．tiniestD．saddestD解析：根据第一段中的“Heartbroken”可知，Flash的去世是“
我”人生中最难过的时刻之一。故选D。20．A.explainedB．transformedC．admittedD．describedB解析：根据第五段中的“whichcompletelychangedmylife”并结合本段内容可知，Flash的去世也是让“我”发生改变的时刻。故
选B。课时练22篇阅读＋1篇七选五＋1篇语法填空Ⅰ.阅读理解A(2020·合肥重点高中摸底)Mostdogownersareconvincedthattheirfourleggedfriendsknowexactlywhattheyme
anwhentheyusecertainwordslike“sit”，“stay”or“treat”.However,researchershavealwayswonderedwhetherdogsreallyu
nderstandhumanspeechoriftheyrelyonotherinformationtogetthemeaning.Forexample,doestheword“fetch”formapictureofastickorballinthed
og’smind,ordoesthedogbringbacktheobjectbasedontheowner’svoiceorgesture?AnewstudybyscientistsatAtlanta’sEmoryUniversityseemst
oindicatethat“man’sbestfriend”doesindeedknowwhattheownerissaying.Theresearchersbeganbyaskingtheownersoftwelvedogsofvariouskindstotraintheirpetstoiden
tifytwotoysofdifferentmaterials,suchasatoyanimalandaball.Oncethedogshadmasteredthetask,theytookturnsinsideaspeci
alscanner.Theownersthentestedtheirdog’slanguageskillbyfirstcallingoutthenamesofthetoystheyhadbeentrain
edtorecognizeandthensayingmeaninglesswordssuchas“bobbu”and“bodmick”whileholdinguprandomobjectsthedogshadn’tseenbefore.Thesca
nssuggestedthatthepartsofthedogs’brainsresponsibleforprocessingsoundsshoweddifferentbrainpatternswhentheyheardwordstheywerefamiliarwith
,comparedwiththeonestheyhadneverheardbefore.Whilethatwasnotenoughtoprovethatthedogswerepicturingtheirtoyswhentheyheardtheword,itdidindicatesomesorto
frecognition.Theresearchersbelievethisisanimportantstepinunderstandinghowdogsprocesslanguage.Somethingevenmoreinterestingwasthatthedo
g’sbrainsshowedahigherlevelofneural(神经的)activityatthesoundofunknownwords.Thisistheexactoppositeofwhathappensinhumanbrains,whichgetmore
activeatthesoundoffamiliarwords.Theresearcherssaythedogsmaybecomecheerfulatthesoundofnewwordstotrytounderstandth
eminthehopeofdelightingtheirmasters.“Dogswanttopleasetheirowners,andperhapsalsowanttoreceivepraiseorfood，”saysEmoryneuroscientistGregoryBerns,seni
orauthorofthestudy.However,thoughapetmayunderstandhumanspeech,thescientistsrecommendusingvisualsignalsandsm
ellfortraining.“Whenpeoplewanttoteachtheirdogatrick,theyoftenusespokencommandsbecausethat’swhatwehumans
prefer，”Prichardsays.“Fromthedog’sview,however,avisualcommandmightbemoreeffective,helpingthedoglearnthetrickfaster.”【解题导语】本文是一篇
说明文。一项新的研究表明，狗的确能理解主人说的话。1．What’sthepurposeofthenewstudy?A．Toconvincedogownerstounderstandtheirdogs.B．Toadvisedogownerstotrea
ttheirdogskindly.C．Toprovedogsfollowowners’orderbylistening.D．Totestouthowdogsgetinformationfromowners.D解析：细节理解题。根据第一段尾句“Anewstu
dybyscientistsatAtlanta’sEmoryUniversityseemstoindicatethat‘man’sbestfriend’doesindeedknowwhattheownerissaying.”可知，亚特兰大的埃默里大学的
科学家进行的一项新研究似乎表明，“人类最好的朋友”确实知道主人在说什么，并结合全文可知，该研究的目的是测试狗是如何理解主人的话的，故D项正确。2．WhatdoestheauthorintendtodoinParagraph2?A．Informtheresultoftheresearch.B．Sta
tetheprocessoftheresearch.C．Stresstheimportanceoftheresearch.D．Introducethesubjectsoftheresearch.B解析：写作意图题。根据第二段第一句“Theresearchersbeganbyaskingt
heownersoftwelvedogsofvariouskindstotraintheirpetstoidentifytwotoysofdifferentmaterials,suchasatoyanimalandaball.”并结
合该段内容可知，该段主要介绍了进行研究的过程，包括让不同品种的狗识别不同材料的两个玩具等，据此可知，该段旨在介绍研究过程，故B项正确。3．Howdohumanbrainsanddogbrainsreacttowords?A．Humanbrainsbecomeactiveinunfa
miliarwords.B．Dogbrainsbecomedelightedatunfamiliarwords.C．Humanbrainsarenotsensitivetofamiliarwords.D．Dogbrainsshownoresponsetofamili
arwords.B解析：细节理解题。根据第四段前两句“Somethingevenmoreinteresting...Thisistheexactoppositeofwhathappensinhumanbrains,whichgetmoreactiveatthesoun
doffamiliarwords.”可知，对于不熟悉的单词，狗的大脑呈现出高水平的神经活动，而人类的大脑相反，故B项正确。4．Whatdoscientistsadvisetheownerstodoindogtrain
ing?A．Givedogsoralcommands.B．Teachdogsnewtricks.C．Involvesightandsmell.D．Encouragefasterlearning.C解析：细节理解题。根据尾段第一句“However,though
apetmayunderstandhumanspeech,thescientistsrecommendusingvisualsignalsandsmellfortraining.”可知，尽管狗可能理解人类的语言，但科学家们建议使用视觉信号和嗅觉来训练它们，故C项正确。B(2020·广东清
远高三调研)Brits(英国人)areextremelybadatlanguages,withmanyofusrelyingonthefactthattherestoftheworldspeakEnglish.Onlyhalf(51%)areabletospeakasecondla
nguagetoanystandardandasmorepeopletravelabroad,thisisbecominganincreasingregret,accordingtoanewstudy.Almosttwothirds(62%)ofUKadultswishtheywerebette
ratspeakinglanguages.Sotheycanbetterunderstandacity’sculture(38%ofrespondents),talkwithlocals(24%)andgobeyondtheguidebook(21%)．Overcominglanguageb
arrierscanbeoneofthemostdifficultpartsofaholiday,particularlywheninunfamiliarsurroundings.Sostressfulinthefactthat10%ofres
pondentssaidtheydidn’ttravelbecauseoftheproblem.ThesurveybyHostelworldshowedthatoneinfiveblamedgettinglostont
helanguagebarrier,whileasimilarnumberhadproblemsorderingfoodandoneintengotonthewrongtrain,planeorotherformoftransportation.Iflanguageswere
n’tanissuethenoneineight(12%)BritswouldvisitJapan.China,ItalyandRussiawerealsopopularchoices.Despitethecommunicationproblem,Japanhasseena7.5%incre
aseinthenumberofBritishvisitorsbetweenJanuaryandApril,comparedtothistimelastyear.“ThenumberofBritishtravelers
toJapanhasbeengrowingyearonyear，”accordingtoHollieMantle,marketingandcommunicationmanagerfortheJapaneseTouristBoard.“Peoplearereal
izingthatJapanisoneofthemosthospitableandbeautifulcountriesonearth,withsomanynewexperiencesfortravelerstotry,nottomentionworld
classcuisine！”TheyhadthismessageforBritsthinkingaboutvisiting：“Thoughsometravelersworryaboutlanguagebarriers,assoo
nasyouarriveinJapan,you’llrealizethatpeoplewillgooutoftheirwaytohelpyouenjoytheircountry.Therereallyarefew‘barriers’—roadsi
gnsandtrainstationsareinEnglish,you’llfindthatpeoplespeakmoreEnglishthantheyleton,andevenwhentheydon’t,theywillgo
aboveandbeyondtohelpyouout.”【解题导语】本文主要介绍了语言障碍成为英国人出国旅游的一大顾虑。5．Whatdoweknowfromthefirsttwoparagraphs?A．Britsarepooratlanguages.B．B
ritsregretwhattheyhavedone.C．Britslikerelyingonothers.D．Britsaregoodatlanguages.A解析：推理判断题。根据第一段第一句“Brits(英国人)areextremelyb
adatlanguages,withmanyofusrelyingonthefactthattherestoftheworldspeakEnglish.”点题，并结合对前两段的整体理解可推知，英国人的语言能力比较差，故选A。6．HowmanyBritscan’torderfoodco
rrectlybecauseoflanguagebarriers?A．About10%.B．About12%.C．About20%.D．About21%.C解析：细节理解题。根据第四段中的“ThesurveybyHostelworldshowedthatoneinfiveblamedgetting
lostonthelanguagebarrier,whileasimilarnumberhadproblemsorderingfood”可知，1/5即20%的英国人因为语言障碍不能正确点餐，故选C。7．Howis
thetextmainlydeveloped?A．Byanalyzingcauses.B．Bygivingexamples.C．Bymakingdescription.D．Bylistingdata.D解析：写作手法题。根据对文章的整体
理解可知，本文列举了大量的数据来论证作者的观点，由此可推知，本文是通过列出数据来展开的，故选D。Ⅱ.七选五(2020·合肥第二次质检)What’sthepurposeofbuildingpatienceabiliti
es?Inaword,happiness.Betterrelationships,moresuccess.Butindeedittakeseffortstobuildthemsuccessfully.1.________Thus,whenthebigo
nescome,wewillhavedevelopedthepatienceweneedforhardtimes.Understandtheaddictivenatureofangerandimpatience.We,humanbeings,ar
estillconstructedwithouroldreptilian(爬行动物的)brainthatprotectsourphysicalandemotionalsurvival.Ontheemotionalsurvivalside,wewantourwaytogetahead
,toachieve,andto“lookgood”.Let’sjustfaceit.2.________Sothefirststepingrowingpatienceistogetintouchwiththeaddicti
vequalityoftheoppositeofpatience—anger,impatience,blameandshame.Weallhavethem.Andwecangrowbeyondthem.Upgradeourattitudetowardsdiscom
fortandpain.Painhasitspurposesandpushesustofindsolutions—wetrytochangetheotherperson,situationorthingthatwethin
kiscausingourdiscomfort.Buttheproblemisthatitisnottheoutsidethingthat’sthesourceofourpain,buthowourmindisset.3.
________Payattentionwhentheimpatienceorpainstarts.Mostofusdon’treallyrealizeitwhenwearefeelingeventhesmal
lest—butverypresent—painfulfeelings.4.________Buttoreallycareforourselves,getcuriousaboutwhat’sactuallyhappeninginthemomentinside
you.Focusingonwhat’sactuallyhappening,youcannoticetheworryofnotwantingwhat’shappening,theresistance.5．________Whenyoufindyo
urselfimpatient,orangrywithyourself,youcanremindyourselfthatyouaregrowing,andthat,“Sure,thisisunderstandable;thisiswhathappenstomewhenI’mbot
hered.”Youcansaytoyourself,“It’strue.Idon’tlikethis;thisisuncomfortable,butIcantolerateit.”A．Practicepositiveselftalk.B．Sothesoluti
ontopainisaninsidejob.C．Patienceabilitiesbenefityouinmanyways.D．Learntoforgiveyourselfforbeingimpatientinhardti
mes.E．Weignorethefactthatwe’reinpainandfocuscompletelyonfixingtheproblem.F．Theurgetoprotectourselvesandwhatweconsidervaluabl
eisabsolutelyhabit-forming.G．Effectivewaysarerecommendedtotrainourselvestoworkwithlittlepainandannoyance.【解题导语】本
文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了培养耐心的几个有效的方法。1．G解析：根据空后一句“Thus,whenthebigonescome,wewill...hardtimes.”可知，成功地培养耐心需要花费精力，因而推荐一些有效的方法用来训练我们应对痛苦及烦恼的能力
，因此当更大的麻烦来临时，我们将已经有耐心应对困难的时刻。故G项符合语境。2．F解析：根据空后的“Sothefirststep...blameandshame.”可推知，保护我们自己和我们认为有价值的东西的冲动绝对是由习惯养成的，因此要做的第一步就是了解负面情绪根深蒂固的本性。故选
F。3．B解析：根据空前一句“Buttheproblemisthatitisnottheoutsidethingthat’sthesourceofourpain,buthowourmindisset.”可知，问题不是出现在引起痛苦的外在因素上
，而是出现在我们的思考方式上，因此解决痛苦是一种内在的活动。故选B。4．E解析：根据空前一句“Mostofusdon’treallyrealizeit...painfulfeelings.”及空后的“getcuriousabout
what’sactuallyhappeninginthemomentinsideyou”可知，我们经常忽略了这样一个事实，即我们处于痛苦之中，而我们关注的焦点总是全部集中在解决问题上。5．A解析：根据文章结构和空处所在位置可知，
空处为段落主题句；通读本段可知，本段主要是说要积极地自我对话，故A项符合语境。Ⅲ.语法填空(2020·长春质量监测一)ItusedtobecommontoseeUSteenagersbusyatfast-foodrestaurant
scookingburgersand1.____________(clean)tables,especiallyduringthesummervacation.2.____________，thesceneisbecominglesscommon.Insteadoffin
dingsummerjobs,manyUSteenagersarespending3.____________(they)freetimetakingclasses.AccordingtoTheAtlantic,thischangepartlyresults4.____________t
helowteenearningspayinglittletowardthecostsofcollege.Formanystudentswhoaregoingtoattendcollege,themoneyfromsumm
erjobsdoesn’tliveuptotheir5.____________(expect)atall.Meanwhile,USteenagers’increasinginterestineducation6.____________(account)fort
hisaswell.Theygotosummerschooltolearn7.____________theymightnothavetimeforaftertheyleaveschool,which8.____________(consider)asawis
echoice.Despitethis,asummerjobisstillbelievedtobenefitteenagers.Earlyworkexperienceis9.____________humanactivitythatdevelopspeople’ssoci
alskills.Whenkidsareworking,theygraduallygain10.____________(practice)knowledgeandunderstandingofthelabormarket.【解题
导语】这是一篇说明文，主要介绍了美国青少年暑期生活的变化。1．cleaning解析：考查非谓语动词。根据空前的并列连词and可知，空处与前面的cooking并列作bebusy(in)doingsth.结构的宾语。2．However解析：考查副词。由上文中的“Itus
edtobecommon”以及空后的“thesceneisbecominglesscommon”可知，此处前后句构成转折关系，故用However。3．their解析：考查代词。根据语境可知，空处修饰名词freetime，故应用they的形容词性物主代词their在句中作定语，表示“他们的”
。4．from解析：考查固定搭配。这种变化部分是由青少年得到的薪水很低而难以支付大学的费用造成的。resultfrom“(由……而)造成”为固定搭配。5．expectations解析：考查词性转换和名词的单复数。根据语境及空前的“their”可知，空处应用expect的名词复数形式，
表示“他们的那些期望”。6．accounts解析：考查动词的时态和主谓一致。根据语境可知，文章介绍的是一般情况，且主语是USteenagers’increasinginterest，因此谓语动词用一般现在时的第三人称单数形式acco
unts。7．what解析：考查连接词。分析句子结构可知，空处引导宾语从句，作动词learn的宾语，指物，因此填what。8．isconsidered解析：考查动词的时态和语态。根据语境可知，文章介绍的是一般
情况，应用一般现在时，此处表示“这被认为是一个明智的选择”，应用被动语态，故用一般现在时的被动语态。9．a解析：考查冠词。根据空前的“is”和空后的“humanactivity”可知，此处表示泛指“一项人类活动”，且human的发音以辅音音素开头，故用不定冠词a。10．practical
解析：考查形容词。修饰名词应用形容词，故用practical“实用的”。获得更多资源请扫码加入享学资源网微信公众号www.xiangxue100.com
