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UNIT4SPACEEXPLORATIONSectionAListeningandSpeaking必备知识基础练Ⅰ.单句填空1.Itisveryimportantforastronautstolearntousespace(

equip).答案equipment2.Thatyoungmanwithrightweightisfitforthisjobheight.答案in3.Thisjobisofferedtothosewitha(relate)c

ollegedegree.答案related4.Itissaidthatexerciseisgoodto(mentally)development.答案mental5.Thelittleboylook

edattheastronautwith(curious).答案curiosity6.Susanisawomanhighintelligencewhoknowsherownmind.答案ofⅡ.短语填空(注意动词的适当形式)firstofall,trainfor,notonly...b

utalso...,makealistof,graduatefrom,wouldlike(todosth),inheight,becuriousabout1.Noweverythingisveryexpensive.You’dbetterthingstobuybeforey

ougoshopping.答案makealistof2.Sheeverythingwhenshewasonherfirstjourney.答案wascuriousabout3.Anyonemustbesuitableandinweightbeforeheo

rshebecomesanastronaut.答案inheight4.Totheirdelight,theirsonhasthisfamousuniversity.答案graduatedfrom5.ReadingEnglishaloudinthemorning

helpspractiseyouroralEnglishhelpsstrengthenyourmemory.答案notonly;butalso6.Ihavestayedlonger,butIhadtoleave

.答案wouldliketo7.Ifyouwanttobeaprofessionalfootballer,youmustfootballasrequired.答案trainfor8.,you’dbetterknowclearlywhatyouwanttobeb

eforeyouchooseyourmajor.答案FirstofallⅢ.完成句子1.对我来说这道数学题不容易计算出来。Themathproblemisnotformetoworkout.答案easyenough2.那个小女孩长大后想在太空工作。Thelittlegirlwa

ntswhenshegrowsup.答案toworkinspace3.你能告诉我宇航员的选拔程序吗?Canyoutellmetheforastronauts?答案selectionprocedure4.作为宇航员,你必须学会如何使用太空仪器。Asanastronaut,

youmustlearnspaceequipment.答案howtouse5.不仅汤姆,而且她的妹妹也喜欢学习汉语。TomhissisterlikeslearningChinese.答案Notonly;butalso关键能力提升练Ⅳ.阅读理解A(2021·福建晋江第一中学高一

期中)GALAXIESANDTIIEUNTVERSEGalaxiesarehugegroupsofstars,planets,gasanddust.Oursuninthemilkywaygalaxy,whichmeasuresabout100,000light-yearsacross

.Thatlongthinmilkybrightshapeacrossthemiddleofthenightskyismadeupofaboutseveralbillionstarsinourgalaxy.Ourgalaxyis

spiral(旋转的)galaxy,butthereareothertypes.TheMilkyWayistheonlyonegalaxyamongafewhundredmilliongalaxiesinouruniverse(eachwithhundredsofbillionsofs

tars).SPIRALGALAXY:Galaxiesthathavespiralarmsthatemergefromthecenter.OursolarsysteminlocatedononeofthearmsoftheMilkyWaygalaxy.Ou

rgalaxyhasahugeblackholeatitscenterthatbillionsofstarsresolvearound.ELLIPTICALGALAXY:shapedlikeahugee

gg.Thestarsinthesegalaxiestendtobeveryold.Furthermore,theoldstarsinellipticalstendtobeyellowandreddish,whichaccordingtoourunderstanding

ofstellarevolution,meanstheyaresmaller,dimmerstars.IRREGULARGALAXY:Therearemanyothershapesofgalaxiesthataren’tspiralorelli

ptical.TheyarefitintotheirregularcategoryliketheLargeandSmallMagellanicClouds.Theyhaveratherunusual-lookingsha

pes.【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文,介绍了星系的分类。1.WhatistrueabouttheMilkyWay?A.Thereareonlystarsinsideit.B.Thereisablackholeati

tscenter.C.It’sthebiggestspiralgalaxyintheuniverse.D.Ittakes100,000yearstogettherefromEarth.答案B解析细节理解题。根据表格第一栏“Ourgalaxyhasahugeblackholeatitscenter

thatbillionsofstarsresolvearound.”可知,银河系的中心有一个黑洞,故选B项。2.Whichofthefollowingisthemainfactorincategorizinggalaxies?A.Shape.B.Size.C.Numberofstars.D.

Distancefromthesun.答案A解析细节理解题。根据表格中星系的分类:SPIRALGALAXY(螺旋星系)、ELLIPTICALGALAXY(椭圆星系)、IRREGULARGALAXY(不规则星系),特

别是最后一栏中的关键词shapes可知,形状是星系分类的主要因素,故选A项。3.Whichofthefollowinggalaxiescanbeclassifiedasirregular?A.WhaleGalaxy—similartotheMilkyWaybothinsizeand

shape.B.CygnusA(3C405)Galaxy—thebrightesteggshapewecanobserve.C.CigarGalaxy—longandnarrowgalaxythatlookslikeanashycloud.D.SunflowerGalaxy—galaxy

withmultiplearmsradiatingfromitsbrightcore.答案C解析推理判断题。根据表格中星系的分类,特别是最后一栏“IRREGULARGALAXY:Therearemanyothershapesofgalaxiesthataren’tspiralorelliptic

al.TheyarefitintotheirregularcategoryliketheLargeandSmallMagellanicClouds.Theyhaveratherunusual-lookingshapes.”可知,C项“CigarGalaxy—l

ongandnarrowgalaxythatlookslikeanashycloud.(雪茄星系——看起来像灰云的狭长星系)”的形状像飘散的云彩一样不规则,既不属于螺旋星系也不属于椭圆星系,符合不规则星系的特征,故选C项。B(2021·西南大学附属中学重大

校区高一月考)ChinahassuccessfullylandedaspacecraftonMars,statemediaannouncedearlyonSaturday.Thesix-wheeledZhurongrobotwastargetingUtopiaPlanitia

,avastlandintheplanet’snorthernhemisphere.Zhurong,whichmeansGodofFire,wascarriedtoMarsontheTianwen-1orbiter,whicharrivedabov

etheplanetinFebruary.Thevehicleusedacombinationofaprotectivecapsule,aparachuteandarocketplatformtomakethedescentlanding

.Aheatshield(保护盾)protectedbespacecraftduringthefierydescent(降落),afterwhichZhurongsafelyparachuteddowntotheUtopiaPlanitia.Tian

wen-1’slandingplatformthenfiredsomesmall,downward-facingrocketenginestoslowdownduringthelastfewsecondsofi

tsdescent.Thesuccessfultouchdownisaremarkableachievement,giventhedifficultnatureofthetask.Onlyfewcountrieshavereallymaster

edlandingonMarsuntilnow.Americaputdownitslargestrover(巡视器),Perseverance,inFebruaryEurope,whichhastwicefailedwithlandin

gattempts,willsendarovertoMarsnextyearhandinhandwiththeRussians.Allothercountriesthathavetriedhaveeithercrushedorlos

tcontactsoonafterreachingthesurface.NowthatZhuronghasgotdownsuccessfully,scientistswilltrytogetatleast90Martiandaysofserviceoutofit,stud

yingthelocalgeology.TherobotZhurong,weighssome240kgandispoweredbyfold-outsolarpanels.Zhurongcarriescamerastotakep

icturesandassistnavigation(巡航);fiveadditionalinstrumentswillinvestigatethemineralresourcesoflocalrock

sandthegeneralnatureoftheenvironment,includingtheweather.DeanChang,aChinesescientistsaidthatthesucce

sswouldbeanenormousfilliptotheexplorationoftheuniverse,“Spacealwaysbenefitsdiplomacyandtechnology,anditdemonstratesthatChinacancontributetotheglob

alpoolofhumanknowledge.”【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了中国祝融号成功着陆火星。4.WhywasZhurongsenttolandonMars?A.todiscoverlivingspeci

esonMars.B.toexploreaspecificareaofMars.C.toenablemorepeopletovisitremotepartsofspace.D.toexploitresourc

esonMars.答案B解析细节理解题。根据第一段“Thesix-wheeledZhurongrobotwastargetingUtopiaPlanitia,avastlandintheplanet’sno

rthernhemisphere.”可知,祝融被送到火星上着陆是为了探索火星的特定区域。故选B项。5.WhatcanweinferfromParagraph2?A.TheAmericanroverPer

severancecodedupwithfailure.B.FewcountriesmasterlandingontheMoon.C.Europeplanstolaunchitsnextroverwithcombinedefforts.D.Tianwen-1helpedto

speedZhurongupbeforelanding.答案A解析细节理解题。根据第二段“Americaputdownitslargestrover,Perseverance,inFebruaryEurope,whichhastwic

efailedwithlandingattempts,willsendarovertoMarsnextyearhandinhandwiththeRussians”可知,美国“毅力”号火星探测器以失败而告终。故选A项。6.Af

terislanding,ZhurongcouldprobablydothefollowingthingsEXCEPT.A.researchintogeologyB.finddirectionsC.takeimagesD.forecasttheweather答案B解析细节理解题。根据

第三段“Zhurongcarriescamerastotakepicturesandassistnavigation(巡航);fiveadditionalinstrumentswillinvestigatethemineralresourcesoflocalrocksandthegeneral

natureoftheenvironment,includingtheweather”可知,祝融号着陆后,可以拍照,调查地理环境以及预测天气。但没有提及找到方向。故选B项。7.Theunderlinedwordinthelastparagraphcouldb

ereplacedwith.A.solutionB.reliefC.promotionD.honor答案C解析词义猜测题。根据最后一句“Spacealwaysbenefitsdiplomacyandtechnology,anditdemonstrates

thatChinacancontributetotheglobalpoolofhumanknowledge.”可知,祝融着陆成功将对宇宙探索起到巨大的推动作用,所以推测fillip是“推动”的意思,与pr

omotion同义。故选C项。