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一、语基必备知识(一)重点词汇——分类记忆Ⅰ.阅读词汇——知其意1．jamn．阻塞，拥挤2．flatadj.平的3．parkingn.停车场4．baggagen.行李5．platformn.站台，月台6．ambas
sadorn.大使7．gentleadj.和善的，温和的8．interpretern.译员，口译者9．timetablen.时间表10．contentn.容纳的东西；目录11．operatorn.操作人员，接线员12．es
sayn.散文13．pavementn.人行道14．physicaladj.身体的；物质的15．faren.票价，车费Ⅱ.核心词汇——写其形1．thereforeadv.所以，因此2．hopefuladj.(人)抱有希望的3．whereverconj.无论在何处，无
论到哪里4．insertvt.插入，嵌入5．arrestvt.逮捕，拘留6．sensitiveadj.善解人意的；敏感的7．vocabularyn.词汇；词汇量8．schedulen.时间表；进度表9．chaptern.章节10．amountn.数量11．figu
ren.数字，数目12．somehowadv.以某种方式13．whicheverpron.无论哪个14．damagevt.&n.损害，损失15．nowhereadv.无处，任何地方都不Ⅲ.拓展词汇——通其变1．actuallyadv.实际地，真实地→ac
tualadj.实际的2．benefitvi.&n.得益；好处→beneficialadj.有好处的3．convenientadj.方便的，便利的→conveniencen.方便，便利4．consequencen.后果，结果
→consequentadj.因……而引起的5．arguevi.争辩，争吵→argumentn.理由；依据；争论，争辩6．reliableadj.可靠的→relyvi.依靠，依赖7．appreciatevt.感谢；欣赏→a
ppreciationn.感激；评价8．constructionn.建筑；建筑物→constructvt.建造，建筑→constructorn.建造者；制造者9．physicaladj.身体的；物质的→ph
ysicistn.物理学家→physicsn.物理学；物理现象10．admitvt.承认，供认→admissionn.承认11．addictedadj.沉溺于……的→addictvi.&n.使沉溺，使上瘾
；瘾君子→addictionn.瘾，沉溺；癖好→addictiveadj.上瘾的12．occupyvt.占用(空间、面积、时间等)→occupiedadj.使用中的；有人使用(或居住)的→occupationn.职业13．suitvt.适合→suitablead
j.适合的14．frequentadj.时常发生的→frequentlyadv.经常地；频繁地1.“因此”家族①thereforeadv.因此；所以②soconj.因此；所以③thusadv.因此；于是④conseq
uentlyadv.所以；因此⑤asaresult结果；因此2.由vocabulary想到的①word单词②phrase短语③sentence句子④idiom习语⑤proverb谚语3.“感谢”家庭①gratefuladj.感激的gratituden．感激②appre
ciatev.感激；感谢appreciationn.感激③thankv．&n.感谢thankfuladj.感激的④acknowledgev.感谢acknowledgmentn.感谢(二)重点短语——记牢用活1．be__in__touch__with和……有联系2．go_
_through通过，经过3．(be)__stressed__out紧张的，有压力的4．compared__to/with和……相比5．in__conclusion总之，最后6．be__obsessed__with/be__addicted__to沉迷于，沉醉于7．bring.
..to__life使……复活/苏醒8．fed__up不愉快的，厌烦的9．rely__on依赖，依靠10．work__out锻炼身体，做运动；制定出；计算出11．pull__up(车辆)停止，停车12．pull__out(火车)
驶离车站，出站13．so__far迄今为止14．take__place举行；发生15．go__up上升16．on__average平均；通常1.“总之”说法种种①inaword②asawhole③allinall④inconclusion⑤inshort/br
ief⑥ingeneral2.“on＋n.”短语精选①onaverage平均；通常②onbusiness出差；做生意③onsale出售④onduty值日，值班⑤onguard(保持)警惕⑥ondisplay/show展示3.life短语一览①giveone’slife
to为……献身②devoteone’slifeto为……献身；致力于③bring...tolife使复活；使活跃起来④cometolife复活；复苏⑤truetolife逼真⑥loseone’slife牺牲(三)重点句式——背熟巧用句型公式教材原句句型1：wherever表示“无论在哪里，无
论到哪里”，相当于nomatterwhere，引导让步状语从句Whereversomeonefinishedajourneytheywouldleavethebikethereforsomeoneelsetouse.无论人们在哪里骑完一段路程，他们就把那辆自行车放在那里以便他人使用
。句型2：过去分词或形容词(短语)作状语Howoftendowearriveatworkorschoolstressed__out,__tired__and__angry？有多少次我们在极度焦虑、疲惫、恼怒的状态下到达单位或学校？句型
3：comparedto/with...在句中作状语，意为“与……相比”Butangerandstressarenothingcompared__totherealcostsofthemotorcar.但是比起汽车的实际代价，愤怒和紧张还
是微不足道的。句型4：before引导时间状语从句Thinkbeforeyougo.想好了再去。句型5：Itis/was...that/who...强调句型Before1908，whenFord’scarsbecameavailabletothepubl
ic，it__wasonlytheveryrichwhocouldaffordtoownacar.1908年福特汽车问世以前，只有非常有钱的人才能买得起汽车。二、语境强化训练Ⅰ.语境填词——根据提示写出该词的适当形式1．Withhisreputation
damaged(损害),heregrettedhavingdoneso.2．Herassistantwasaccusedoftheftandarrested(逮捕)bythepolice.3．(2019·全国卷Ⅲ)Que
stionsaboutsubjectcontent(内容)aregenerallywelcomed.Beforeaskingquestionsaboutthecoursedesign,readthesyllabus(教学大纲)andlearningmanagementsystem
informationtobesuretheanswerisn’thidinginplainsight.4．Wehadintendedtodoeverythingaccordingtotheschedule(时间表),butitdidn’tgoonasplanned.5．I
ntheabsenceofactualdata，noreliancecanbeplacedonsuchfigures(数字)．6．Inthisresortyoucanenjoyallthecomfortandconvenience(convenient)ofmode
rntourism.7．(2017·全国卷Ⅰ)KnowingthehistoryoftheTangDynastywillbeverybeneficial(benefit)toyourunderstand
ingofthepoems.8．(2019·全国卷Ⅱ)IoncewroteapaperontheinfluenceoffairytalesonRoaldDahl’swritinganditgavemeanewappreciation(appreciate
)forhisstrangeanddelightfulworlds.9．Onlyafteralongargument(argue)didheagreewithus.10．(2018·天津卷)Sinceyouhavejustwonthefirs
tprizeintheRoboticsCompetitionandhaveshowngreattalentindesigningrobots,youarethemostsuitable(suit)per
son.Ⅱ.派生词练习——用所给词的适当形式填空1．Mymotherisateacherbyoccupationandhertimeisfullyoccupiedwithhisstudents.Howtoteachherstudentswellalwaysoccupiesher
mind.(occupy)2．Theseconstructorsplannedtoconstructatallbuildinghereanditwouldbeunderconstructionsoon.
(construct)3．Theboylikedphysicsandwantedtobeaphysicist．Buthehadphysicalandmentalproblemsundergreatpressure.(physics)4
．Nowadays，manypeopleareaddictedtoWeChatMoments.WeChatMomentsarereallyaddictive,__sowemusttryourbesttodealwiththeaddictiontoit.(
addict)5．Icansayitisofgreatbenefittoshareyourfeelingswithsomeoneyoutrust,whichisalsobeneficialtoyourmentalhealth.(benefit)Ⅲ.选词成篇ona
verage;sofar;takeplace;pullup;goup;relyon;fedup1．So__farmanypeoplehavebeen2.fed__upwithshoppinginstoresbecausetrafficjamsoften3.take__p
laceontheirwaytothestores.Besides,itisverydifficulttofindaplaceto4.pull__up.Therefore,thenumberofthepeoplewhol
ikeshoppingonlineis5.going__up.6.On__average,__60percentofmyworkmatesarebusyshoppingonlineduringtheirsp
aretime.Ithinktheyare7.relying__onittoomuch.beaddictedto;inconclusion;thanksto;workout;comparedto8．Compared__toTom,Jackismuchcleverer.9.Than
ks__tohishardwork,Tomwasadmittedintoakeyuniversitythissummer,butJackwasnotadmittedthoughhealsoworkedhard.
Istronglydoubtedit.SoIdecidedto10.work__outthereason.Jack’steachertoldmethatJackhad11.been__addicted__toplayingcomput
ergamesbeforetheexams.12.In__conclusion,__ifwewanttosucceed,wemusttryourbesttostudy.Ⅳ.完成句子1．无论去哪儿，他都会带把伞以防下雨。Wher
ever__he__goes,__hewilltakeanumbrellawithhimincase.2．他回到家里，累坏了但是很高兴。Hearrivedhome,tired__but__happy．3．和美国文化相比，中国文化有着更为悠久的历史。Compared__to/with__Americ
an__culture,__Chineseculturehasalongerhistory.4．他参军之前工作了三年。He__had__worked__for__three__years__beforehejoinedthearmy.5．直到午夜他才下班回家。It__wasnotuntilmidn
ightthathecamebackhomefromwork.benefitvt.&vi.有益于；有助于；受益n．好处；利益；优势[基础练习]——单句语法填空①(2019·北京卷)Thestudentsbenefittin
g(benefit)mostfromcollegearethosewhoaretotallyengaged(参与)inacademiclife,takingfulladvantageofthecollege’s
chancesandresources(资源)．②Asweallknow,booksarethesourceofknowledge,fromwhichwebenefitalot.③Companieswererunprimarilyforthebenefitofmanageme
ntandemployees.[能力提升]——一句多译(2018·全国卷Ⅰ)了解中国的餐桌礼仪对你很有益。④HavingagoodknowledgeoftablemannersofChinawillbenefit__you__greatly．(benefitvt.)
⑤HavingagoodknowledgeoftablemannersofChinawillbe__of__great__benefit__to__you．(benefitn．)⑥HavingagoodknowledgeoftablemannersofChinawillbe_
_very__beneficial__to__you．(beneficialadj.)(1)benefitfrom/by...从……中受益；得益于……(2)forthebenefitof为了……的利益beof(much/great)benefitto对……
(极)有益处(3)beneficialadj.有利的；有益的；对……有益bebeneficialto对……有益[佳句背诵]Joinusasavolunteermanagertodevelopyourownskillswhilebringingbenefits
tothecommunities.加入我们志愿者服务在给社区带来益处的同时发展自身的技能。(2019·北京卷)[联想发散]be＋of＋great＋n.短语荟萃：①be__of__great__use＝beveryuseful；②be__of__great__help＝bevery
helpful；③be__of__great__importance＝beveryimportantconvenientadj.方便的，便利的；近而方便的[基础练习]——单句语法填空①a.(2019·江苏卷)Toenjoytheconvenie
nce(convenient)ofdigitalpayment,manyseniorcitizensstartedtousesmartphones.b．Thehotelisconveniently(convenient)locatedclosetothebeach,t
husmakingitpopularamongtourists.②(全国卷Ⅲ)Ifit’sconvenientto/foryou,let’smeetat8：30outsidetheschoolgate.③(山东卷)Woulditbe
convenientforyouto__pick(pick)meupatfouro’clockandtakemetotheairport?[能力提升]——一句多译(2018·浙江卷6月)如能尽早回复，我将不胜感激。④Iwoul
dappreciateitifyoucouldreplyat__your__earliest__convenience．(convenience)⑤Iwouldappreciateitifyoucouldreplywhen__it__is__convenient__to__you
．(convenient)(1)Itisconvenientforsb.todosth.对某人来说做某事是方便的。sth.beconvenientto/forsb.对某人来说……是方便的(2)conveniencen.方便；便利atone’s
convenience在某人方便时[名师点津]convenient作表语时，不可用人作主语，而要用物或形式主语作主语。“当你方便的时候”应译成“Whenitisconvenienttoyou”而不能译成“Whe
nyouareconvenient”。[词块助记]aconveniencestore一个便利店conveniencefoods方便食品arguevi.争论，辩论，说服；主张；认为[基础练习]——单句语法填空①It’snouse
arguing(argue)withhimaboutthequestionforhewon’tchangehismind.②(福建卷)Whenthishappens,theimportantthingistotrynottoletacalmdiscussionturnintoaheatedarg
ument(argue).[能力提升]——完成句子③我们尝试了很多办法劝说他接受我们的建议，但都是徒然。Wetriedmanywaysto__argue__him__into__accepting__our__advice,__butinvain.④最终我
说服了他戒掉吸烟。Iargued__him__out__of__smokingeventually.(1)arguewithsb.about/oversth.与某人争论某事arguesb.into/outofdoingsth.说服某人做某事/不做某事arguethat...(sh
ould)...主张/认为……(2)argumentn.争论；辩论beyondargument毋庸置疑[名师点津]表示“说服某人做某事”的其他表达形式：persuadesb.todosth.；persuade/talksb.
intodoingsth.；convincesb.todosth.等。contentadj.满足的；满意的n．满足；内容；包含物vt.使满足[基础练习]——单句语法填空①Myparentsarecontentto__live(liv
e)inthecountry,wheretheairisfreshandclean.②Weshouldnevercontentourselveswiththeknowledgelearnedfromthebooks.③Shedroppedherpurseandt
hecontents(content)felloutonthefloor.[能力提升]——一句多译依我看来，你一定不会满足于这么小的成就。④Frommypointofview,youmustnotbe__pleased__with__such__a__s
mall__success．⑤Inmyview,youmustnotbe__content__with__such__a__small__success．⑥AsfarasI’mconcerned,youmustnotbe__satis
fied__with__such__a__small__success．(1)becontenttodosth.乐于做某事feel/becontentwith对……满足/满意(2)conten
toneselfwith某人满足于[佳句背诵]Hemadepeoplelaughatatimewhentheyfeltdepressed,sotheycouldfeelmorecontentwiththeirlives.在人们感到沮丧的时候，他可以使他们开怀大笑，于是人们就对自己的生活感到
更加的满足。[联想发散]“对……满意”的常用短语小结：①becontentwith；②bepleasedwith；③besatisfiedwith；④behappywithappreciatevt.欣赏；感激；理解；明白[基础练习]——单句语法填
空①(2019·北京卷)Formanystudents,Wilson’shelpisnotonlyappreciated(appreciate),it’salsoentirelynecessaryfort
hemtobeabletocompletetheircollegeeducation.②a.(2017·全国卷Ⅰ)I’dappreciateyourwriting(write)mebackatyourearliestconv
enience.b．Iappreciatebeing__given(give)theopportunitytoworkinyourcompanytwoyearsago.③Inordertoleavesomeimpressivememoriesonallofusbeforegraduatio
n,ourclassmadeaspecialvideotoexpressourappreciation(appreciate)ofourschool.[能力提升]——同义句改写④I’dbegratefulify
oucouldtakemyadviceintoaccount.→I’dappreciate__itifyoucouldtakemysuggestionsintoconsideration.(1)appreciatesth./(one’
s)doingsth.感激某事物/(某人)做某事Iwouldappreciateitif...如果……我将不胜感激(2)appreciationn.欣赏，感激[佳句背诵]Inthisletter,Iwouldliketoconveymysincereappreciat
iontoyouforyourhelp.在这封信中，我想向你对我的帮助表示真诚的感谢。[名师点津](1)appreciate后不能用不定式，而要用动名词作宾语。作“感激；感谢”讲时，其宾语不能是人，只能是事或物。(2)当appreciate
,hate,dislike,love,depend,relyon等后接宾语从句时，一般先加it，再加宾语从句。figuren．数字；图形；人物；身材；人影v．计算；想；估计；认为[一词多义]——写出下列句中figure的词性和含义①(2019·
全国卷Ⅱ)IfiguredwhoeverlostthedogwasprobablyjustasclosetoitasIamtomydogs.vt.认为②(2017·江苏卷)Indeedofficialfiguressuggestthec
ountryhasshrunkby5%since1993andpeopleinRussialiveashorterlifenowthanthosein1961.n．数字③(北京卷)AsformyfavoritefigureinChinesehistory,itmust
beWeiYuan,agreatthinkerinthelateQingDynasty.__n．人物④(福建卷)IwonderhowMaryhaskeptherfigureafteralltheseyears.__n．身材[能力提升]——完成句子⑤(2019·全国卷Ⅰ)Itis
difficultto__figure__out(弄明白)aglobalpopulationofpolarbearsasmuchoftherangehasbeenpoorlystudied;however,biologi
stscalculatethatthereareabout20，000－25，000polarbearsworldwide.(1)keepone’sfigure保持体形(2)figureout想出，理解；弄明白，
看透figureon期待，指望，依赖figurein把……列入计算/考虑范围figurethat认为，认定[佳句背诵]Icouldn’tfigureouthowshemanagedtokeepherfigure.Shefiguredtha
ttakingexercisewasthebestwaytoloseweight.我弄不明白她是怎样保持身材的。她认为锻炼是最好的减肥方法。[词块助记]aslimfigure苗条的身材thelatesttradefigures最新的贸易数据checkupthefigure核对一下这
个数字apublic/aleading/anauthorityfigure一个公众/领军/权威人物admitvt.&vi.允许进入，允许；承认；接收[基础练习]——单句语法填空①Tomadmittedcheating/hav
ing__cheated(cheat)intheexaminationandhewasnotadmittedto/intotheschoolatlast.②a.(浙江卷)Joeisproudandstubborn,neveradmitting(admit)heiswrongandalwayslo
okingforsomeoneelsetoblame.b．(2017·天津卷)SheaskedmewhetherIhadreturnedthebookstothelibrary,andIadmitte
d(admit)thatIhadn’t.③Gainingadmission(admit)toakeyuniversityisseenasakeytofuturesuccessforsomeparents.[能力提升]——一句多译这个男孩不承认向母亲撒了谎，这让他的母亲很失望。④The
boydidn’t__admit__lying/having__lied__to__his__mother,__whichmadehismotherdisappointed.⑤Theboydidn’t__admit__that__he__had
__lied__to__his__mother,__whichmadehismotherdisappointed.(1)admit(doing/havingdone)sth.承认(做了)某事admitsb.
/sth.tobe＋adj./n.承认某人/某事是……(2)admitsb.into/to...允许某人进入/加入……(3)admissionn.准许进入；入场费；承认[名师点津]双写辅音字母的过去式、过去分
词和现在分词：①admit：admitted/admitted/admitting②permit：permitted/permitted/permitting③plan：planned/planned/planning④refer：referred/referred/referrin
g⑤prefer：preferred/preferred/preferringaddictedadj.入了迷的；上了瘾的[基础练习]——单句语法填空①NowIworkinacentrefordruga
ddicts(addict),helpingotherstostoptakingdrugs.②Shekickedherthree－pack－a－daycigarettehabit,andovercameheraddiction(addict)toalcohol.[能力提升]——一句多译
很多孩子沉迷于上网，以致他们对学习失去了兴趣。③Manykidsbecome/are/get__addicted__tosurfingtheInternet,sotheyhavelostinterestinstudy.(addicted)④Manykidsaddic
t__themselves__tosurfingtheInternet,sotheyhavelostinterestinstudy.(addict)⑤Addicted__tosurfingtheInternet,manykidshavelostinterestinstudy.(分词作状语
)(1)be/become/getaddictedto沉溺于……；对……上瘾(2)addictvt.使沉溺；使上瘾n．有瘾的人addictoneselftosth.某人沉溺于某事(3)addictionn．瘾；入迷；嗜好[佳句背诵]Learningthatyou
areaddictedtotabletennis,Iamwritingtosincerelyinviteyoutojointhetabletennisteaminourschool.得知你沉醉于乒乓球，我写信真诚地邀请你加入我
们学校的乒乓球队。(2017·全国卷Ⅲ)occupyv．占领；占据；使从事，使忙碌；任职[基础练习]——单句语法填空①I’veinventedagamethatwillkeepthekidsoccupied(occupy)forhours.②Hewouldhaveattendedyourbirt
hdaypartybuthewas__occupied(occupy)withaveryimportantexperiment.③Choosinganoccupation(occupy)takestime,andtherearealotofthingsyouhavetothi
nkabout.[能力提升]——完成句子/句式升级④(普通表达)Jane__has__been__occupied__in(一直忙于)gettingusedtoeverythingandshehasn’thadtimeforsocialactivities.⑤(高级表达)Oc
cupied__in__getting__used__to__everything,__Janehasn’thadtimeforsocialactivities.(过去分词短语作状语)⑥(高级表达)Occu
pying__herself__in__getting__used__to__everything,__Janehasn’thadtimeforsocialactivities.(现在分词短语作状语)(1)occ
upyoneselfwithsth./indoingsth.忙于(做)某事；专心于(做)某事(2)beoccupiedindoingsth.忙于做某事beoccupiedwithsth.从事/忙于某事(3)occupationn.占领；职业，工作[佳句背诵]Problemsatwork
continuedtooccupyhismindforsometime.工作上的问题继续在他的脑海中萦绕了一段时间。[名师点津]表示“忙于做某事”的短语：bebusywithsth./(in)doingsth.；beemplo
yedwithsth./(in)doingsth.；beengagedinsth.。[词块助记]occupyaposition占据位置；担任职位suitvt.适合；使适应vi.合适；相称n．一套衣服；套装[基础练习]——单句语法填空①Shehadtheab
ilitytosuitherperformancetothedifferentaudience,whichamazedus.②Thequietplaceissuitableforpeopleto__get(get)together.③(2018·天津卷)Someexpertsareskept
icalabout3Dfoodprinters,believingtheyarebettersuited/suitable(suit)forfastfoodrestaurantsthanhomesandhigh-endrestaurants.[能力提升]—
—一句多译(2018·浙江卷6月)因为我精通英语，我的确认为我适合这项志愿者工作。④Idobelievethisvoluntaryworksuits__me,__becauseIhaveagoodkn
owledgeofEnglish.⑤IdobelieveIam__suitable__for/am__fit__forthisvoluntarywork,becauseIhaveagoodknowledgeofEnglish.(1)suitsb.(fine)(很)合某人的意；对某人(很)
合适suit...to...使……适合/适应……suitoneself随自己的意愿行事；自便(2)suitableadj.适当的；相配的besuitablefor＝befitfor适合；胜任besuitabletodo...适合做……[佳句背诵]Ifyoucanfindw
hateverlearningmethod(that)suitsyou，yourlearningefficiencyislikelytoimproveremarkably.如果你能找到适合你的学习方法，你的学习效
率有可能会大大提高。(上海卷)workoutvt.锻炼身体，做运动；解决，解答，计算出；产生结果，发展；制定出[一词多义]——写出下列句中workout的含义①Theseathletesworkoutatthegymfortwohourse
veryday.锻炼身体；做运动②Sheworkedouttheproblemwithnodifficulty.解决；解答③Theareacanbeeasilyworkedoutifyouknowthelengthandthebreadth.计算出④Itwasn’ttoolongb
eforewehadworkedoutaplanacceptabletoall.制定出[基础练习]——单句语法填空⑤Hermotherusedtoworkasaclerkinabankwhenshewasyoung.⑥Theplaye
rwillhavetoworkongettingfitbeforethegame.workas做……工作workon从事……；继续……[佳句背诵]①Ibelievethatyoucanworkoutthisproblembyyourself.我
相信你自己能做出这道题。②Theexamsarelikelytoworkoutasexpectedandmydreamtobeadmittedintomyfavoriteuniversitywillc
ometrue.考试结果可能会正如所预料的那样，我被我最喜爱的大学录取的梦想将会成为现实。(四川卷)[名师点津]workout作“解决，制定”讲时，是及物动词短语，可以带宾语；作“锻炼，产生结果”时，为不及物动词短语，没有被动形式。relyon/upon依
赖；依靠；信任；信赖[基础练习]——单句语法填空①(福建卷)Nowadaysparentsdoeverythingfortheirsinglechildren,whichmakesthechildrenrelyon/u
pontheirparentsbadly.②a.Nowadaysthechildrenrelymoreontheirparentsto__do(do)everythingforthem.b．Ifhepromisestodosomething,h
ewilldoit,soyoucanrelyonhislending(lend)youthemoney.③Myfriendisareliable(rely)person,andyoucanrelyonitthathew
illcometomeetyouontime.[能力提升]——一句多译你可以相信你困难时我会帮助你。④Youcanrely__on/upon__my__helping__youwhenyouareintrouble.⑤Yo
ucanrely__on/upon__me__to__help__youwhenyouareintrouble.⑥Youcanrely__on__it__that__I__can__help__youwhenyouareintrouble.(1)relyons
b.todosth.＝relyonsb.’sdoingsth.依靠某人做某事relyonitthat...相信……，指望……(2)reliableadj.可依靠的；可信赖的[佳句背诵]Thesedays，were
lyheavilyoncomputerstoorganizeourwork.现在，我们在很大程度上依赖电脑来安排工作。[名师点津]在relyonitthat...结构中，it作形式宾语，代替that引导的真正的
宾语从句。类似的还有：①dependonitthat...放心好了，请相信……②takeitforgrantedthat...认为……是理所当然的③appreciateit＋if从句如果……，将不胜感激④like/hatei
t＋when从句喜欢/痛恨……的时候过去分词或形容词(短语)作状语(教材P42)Howoftendowearriveatworkorschoolstressedout，tiredandangry?有多少次我们在极度焦虑、疲惫、恼怒的状态下到达
单位或学校？[基础练习]——单句语法填空①Excited(excite)andhappy,wegreetedtheforeignguestsattheentranceoftheschool.②(全国卷Ⅰ)Itwasarealraceagai
nsttimetogettheprojectdone.Luckily(lucky),wemadeit.[能力提升]——句式升级③(普通表达)Iwastoonervous,andIcouldn’tthinkofanythingatthebeginning
oftheexam.(高级表达)Too__nervous,__Icouldn’tthinkofanythingatthebeginningoftheexam.(形容词短语作状语)(1)过去分词或形容词(短语)作
状语，说明句子主语的特点或处于某种状态。形容词(短语)作状语可以表示方式、原因或伴随状况等。(2)过去分词或形容词(短语)作状语，可位于句首、句末或句中，常用逗号与句子其他成分隔开。[佳句背诵]Toourrelief,themissingchildreturnedhometendayslat
er,tiredbuthealthy.令我们欣慰的是，失踪的孩子十天后回到家里，疲惫却健康。[名师点津]如果用来修饰句子的谓语动词或整个句子，则应用副词作状语。before引导时间状语从句(教材P43)Thinkbeforeyougo.想好了再去。[基础练
习]——单句语法填空①a.(2019·天津卷)SheleftbeforeIcouldevenmakeittothedoortooffermythanks.b．(北京卷)I’msorryyou’vebeenwaitingsolong,b
utit’llstillbesometimebeforeBriangetsback.②(2017·天津卷)IthasbeentwoweekssinceyoureturnedyourhomeandI’vebeenmiss
ingyouverymuch.[能力提升]——完成句子③(陕西卷)那对年轻的夫妇归还了我丢失的钱包，我还没有来得及问他们的名字他们就走了。Theyoungcouple,whoreturnedmylostwallet,left__before__I__could__ask__fo
r__their__names．④将近一天之后，他才意识到他的错误并向他的朋友彼得道歉。It__was__nearly__a__day__beforeherealizedhismistakesandsaidsorrytohisfrien
dPeter.(1)before作连词引导时间状语从句时，在句中的译法很灵活。通常有以下含义：在……之前；……之后才……；不多久就……；还没来得及……就……。(2)“Itwas/willbe＋时间段＋before...”意为多长时间后
就/才……。“Itwasnot/willnotbe＋时间段＋before...”意为不久就……。[佳句背诵]Adog’seatinghabitrequiresregulartrainingbeforeitisproperlyestablish
ed.狗的饮食习惯在正确地建立之前需要规则的训练。(2019·天津卷)[名师点津]“Itis/hasbeen＋一段时间＋since引导的状语从句”表示“自从……(到现在)有多长时间了”。Itis/was...that/who...强调句型(教材P46)Befo
re1908，whenFord’scarsbecameavailabletothepublic，itwasonlytheveryrichwhocouldaffordtoownacar.1908年福特汽车问世以前，只有非常有钱的人才能
买得起汽车。[基础练习]——单句语法填空①(2018·天津卷)ItwasonlywhenthecarpulledupinfrontofourhousethatwesawLilyinthepassengerseat.②(四川卷)WasitbecauseJackcamelateforsch
oolthatMr.Smithgotangry?③(重庆卷)Bachdiedin1750,butitwasnotuntiltheearly19thcenturythathismusicalgiftwasfullyrecognized.④(天津卷)Youarewaitingatawron
gplace.Itisatthehotelthatthecoachpicksuptourists.[能力提升]——句式升级⑤(普通表达)Inthenewly-builtstadium,wecanparticipateinvariousphysicalactivities.(2018·全国卷Ⅲ
)(高级表达)It__is__in__the__newly-built__stadium__that__we__can__participate__in__various__physical__activities.(强调句)(1)强调句的基本句型：Itis/was＋被强调部分＋t
hat/who＋句子其余部分．(2)强调句的一般疑问句：Is/Wasit＋被强调部分＋that＋句子其余部分？(3)强调句的特殊疑问句：疑问词＋is/was＋it＋that＋句子其余部分？(4)not...until
...的强调句型：Itis/wasnotuntil...that...[佳句背诵]It’snotdoingthethingswelike,butlikingthethingswehavetodothatmakeslifehappy.生活
的快乐不在于做自己喜欢的事，而在于喜欢自己不得不做的事。(湖南卷)[名师点津]强调谓语动词时用“do/does/did＋动词原形”。维度一在空白处填入括号内单词的正确形式1．(2018·全国卷Ⅱ)Workingoutinthemorn
ingprovidesadditionalbenefitsbeyondbeingphysically(physics)fit.2．Sofarthetravelerhas__visited(visit)overtwohundredtownsinth
eworld.3．(2018·江苏卷)Trytounderstandwhat’sactually(actual)happeninginsteadofactingontheassumptionyou’vemade.4．(
2018·江苏卷)Thereisnodenyingthatsuchratingsmightbringconveniencetoconsumers,buttheyareoftenmisleadingandunr
eliable(rely)．5．(2018·全国卷Ⅱ)Datashowsthatkidsandteenswhodoreadfrequently(frequent)，comparedtoinfrequentreaders,have
morebooksinthehome.维度二在空白处填入1个适当的单词1．It’llbeonlyafewdaysbeforetheSpringFestivalcomesround.2．Theheavyrainhascausedgreatdamagetothecropshe
re,whichhasmadethepeasantssad.3．IfyoucanbeadmittedintoPekingUniversity,yourparentswillsurelybeproudofyou.4．Itwasonlywiththe
helpofthelocalguidethatthemountainclimberwasrescued.5．Ifyouworkoutinthemornings,thenyouwillbegettingthecalorie(卡路里)burningbenefitsforth
ewholeday,notinyoursleep.维度三语境品词(写出加黑词汇在语境中的意义)1．(2019·全国卷Ⅱ)However,ifothersbenefitintheprocess,andIgetsomerewardtoo,doesitreallymatter
wheremymotivationlies？获益2．Wearelookingforsomeonewhoisreliableandhard-working.可信赖的3．(2019·天津卷)Additionally，I’mcrazytolearnhowtoappreciatewest
ernpaintings,anditcan’tbebetterifyoucantellussometricksabouthowtopaint.欣赏；理解4．Wecan’tgoabroadthisyear,sowe’llhavetocontentoursel
veswithaholidayinShanghai.使满足5．Maryhaskeptherfigureafteralltheseyearsbyworkingouteveryday.身材6．(2019·天津卷)Ilikedfacts,thingsthatareconcrete.Ithou
ghtanythingabstractlefttoomuchroomforargument.争论，辩论7．Thiskindofaccommodationoffersanindependentlifestyleandismoresuit
ableforthestudentswhocomefromthecountryside.适合的8．Beingoccupiedwithworkshouldnotbethereasonfortreating
one’sneighboursasstrangers.从事，忙于9．Hehasgotusedtolivingintheremotemountainousvillagewithoutanymodernconveniences.方便提能一语段填空(短文中黑体部分为本单元核心知识点，请补全短
文，并背诵体会黑体部分用法)WewerewalkinginthestreettothenearInternetbaronaweekendwhenacarknockeddownTom.Weallstoodthere,1.frightened(frighten)andunmoved.Itwasobvi
ousthatthecarcouldn’tpull2.upimmediately.Luckily,apasserbygavehimfirstaidimmediately.AfterawhileTomcametohimselfsl
owly.Itwasthepasser-by3.whosavedTom’slife.Wewereallgratefultohim.Afterwards,wehadtothinkaboutwhysuchabadaccidenthappenedtous.Ifwehadn’tgonetotheb
ar,probablyitwouldn’thaveoccurred.I4.admit(admit)thattheInternetisofgreatbenefittous.Ontheonehand,iti
s5.convenient(convenience)forustodomanythings.Wecan6.appreciate(appreciate)allkindsofprogramsontheInternet.Ontheotherhand,thereareamountsofus
efulinformationontheInternetavailabletous.Butnowadayssomepeoplerely7.ontheInternettoomuchandmanyyoungpeopleareeven8.addicted(addict
)toit.Inconsequence,surfingtheInternet9.occupies(occupy)muchoftheirtime.Lastweekweheldameeting10.arguing(argue)abouttheadvantagesand
disadvantagesoftheInternet.Atlast,weworkedoutaplantocontrolthetimewewouldspendsurfingtheInternet.提能二话题写作(用本单元词汇
、句式和语法知识写满分作文)1．补全要点句(黑体部分请用本单元所学词汇)①史密斯先生三年前养成了吸烟的习惯，过去他平均每天吸3包烟。Mr.Smithformed__the__habit__ofsmokingthreeyearsag
o,andheused__to__smokethreepacketsofcigaretteson__averageeveryday.②吸烟不仅花了他大量的钱，而且对身体造成了危害。Smokingcosthima__large__amount__ofmo
neyanddid__great__damage__tohishealth.③他的妻子很烦他，他决心戒烟。Hiswifewas__fed__up__withhim.Hedecidedtoquitsmoking.④戒烟对他来说
是很难的，因为他吸烟上瘾很长时间了。Hehad__a__difficulty__in__stopping__smoking,__becausehehad____been__addicted__to__smokingforalongtime.⑤凭借自己的努力，他做到了。Hemanaged__to__
quit__smoking__relying__on____his__own__efforts．2．升级平淡句⑥用notonly...butalso...升级句②Smoking__not__only__cost__him__a__large__amount_
_of__money__but__also__did__great__damage__to__his__health.⑦用it作形式主语升级句④It__was__difficult__for__him__to__stop__smoking,__beca
use__he__had__been__addicted__to__smoking__for__a__long__time.3．衔接成美文(注意使用适当的过渡衔接词汇：therefore,indeed,however)______
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____________________________________________________________Onepossibleversion：Mr.Smithformedthehabitofsmokingthreeyea
rsago,andheusedtosmokethreepacketsofcigarettesonaverageeveryday.Smokingnotonlycosthimalargeamountofmoneybutalsodidgreatdamagetohishealth.Hiswifewasf
edupwithhim.Therefore,hedecidedtoquitsmoking.Indeed,itwasdifficultforhimtostopsmoking,becausehehadbeena
ddictedtosmokingforalongtime.However,hemanagedtoquitsmokingrelyingonhisownefforts.课时练12篇阅读＋1篇完形Ⅰ.阅读理解A(2020·合肥高三联考)Twodeerjumpedoutinfro
ntof16-year-oldAmandaFloyd’scar.Sheputonthebrake,stoppingthecarjustintime.Butlater,shestartedtexting.Distracted,Amandaturnedleftandrig
ht,thencrashedintoanothercar.Luckily,shewasn’tinarealcar—shewasinadrivingsimulator(模拟器)atRooseveltHighSchool,Ohio,US.“
Ineverreallyrealizedthatcarsmadeaturnthatmuch，”Amanda,ajunior,said.Sheaddedthatshewouldn’ttextwhiledriving
anymore.TheOhioDepartmentofTransportation(ODOT)andOhioStateHighwayPatrolbroughtthesimulatortotheschool.Theysaidtheywantedtohe
lpstudentslearnaboutthedangerofdrivingwhiledrunk,texting,ortalkingonthephone.AccordingtotheNationalHighwayTraff
icSafetyAdministration,distracteddrivingclaimed3，450livesin2016alone.Expertsbelievetheactualfigureis
probablyhigher.Thesimulatorisbasicallyacomputerprogram.Likemanycomputergames,itwasahitwiththestudents.Theylinedupandcrowde
daroundtowatcheachothertaketurns.Thesimulatorhasasteeringwheel(方向盘),brakeandgaspedal(油门).Itismadeupofthreelargecomputerscreensonatable.Stud
entschooseadistraction,suchasdrivingwhiledrunkortexting.Theyalwayscrash,ofcourse.Then,theyarepulledoverbythepolicetobetaughtt
hebadresultsoftheirdriving：howmuchdamagethey’vecaused,whattheirfineis,ifanyonediedintheaccident,andifthey’regoingtogotoprison.“
Itteacheshowtodrivewithoutbeingontheroad，”saidShanteThompson,16.Shehadjustcrashedintoadeer.ODOTspokesmanJustinChesnicsaidhundr
edsofkidshavegonebehindthewheelsofar.Hesaidevenmorehavebenefitedfromwatchingtheirclassmates.“Drivingissuchamajorresponsibility,sotakeitserio
usly，”hesaid.“Putawayyourcellphone.Alotoftheaccidentsouttherearebecauseofdistracteddriving.Itcannotonlychangeyourlife,butchan
gesomeoneelse’slifeforever.Theresultsareserious.”【解题导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了一个驾驶模拟器，学生通过操作这个驾驶模拟器可以增强交通安全意识。1．Whatdoestheauthor
intendtodoinParagraph1?A．Introducethetopicofthetext.B．Illustratetheauthor’spointofview.C．Providesomeadvicefor
thereaders.D．Offersomebackgroundinformation.A解析：推理判断题。通读全文可知，文章第一段讲述了一个事例，然后通过这个事例引出了本文的话题，即drivings
imulator。由此可推知，作者写第一段的目的是引出文章的主题，故选A。2．WhyisthedrivingsimulatorprojectintroducedtoRooseveltHighSchool?A．Itteststhes
tudents’abilitytostayfocused.B．Itgetsstudentstohavefunbetweenclasses.C．Itteachesstudentshowtodealwithtrafficaccidents.D．Itmakesstudentsawareofth
edangersofdistracteddriving.D解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Theysaidtheywantedtohelpstudentslearnaboutthedangerofdrivingwhiledrunk,te
xting,ortalkingonthephone.”可知，他们想要帮助学生们了解醉酒、发短信或者打电话时驾车的危害，故选D。3．Whatcanweknowaboutthedrivingsimulator?A．Itisconnectedtothelocalpolicestat
ion.B．Itisarealcarbuthaslargecomputerscreens.C．Itattractsthestudents’interestasacomputerprogram.D．Itbenefitsthestudentswhouse
itmorethanthosewhoonlywatch.C解析：细节理解题。根据第四段的描述，尤其是“Thesimulatorisbasicallyacomputerprogram.Likemanycomputergames,
itwasahitwiththestudents.”可知，这个模拟器实质上是一个电脑程序，和许多电脑游戏一样，它很受学生们的欢迎，引起了学生们的兴趣，故选C。4．Whatisthemainideaofthepassage?A．
TrafficrulesinOhio,US.B．Dangersofdistracteddriving.C．Simulateddrivingforstudents.D．Advantagesofcomputergames.C解析：主旨大意题。通读全文可知，本文
主要介绍了一个驾驶模拟器，学生通过操作它可以增强交通安全意识，故选C。B(2020·济南模拟)NewYorkWalkingTours◆StatueofLibertyandEllisIslandWalkingT
ourStartthisexcitingguided4-hourtourbygettingearlyReserveLineAccessboardingontheferrytoLibertyIsland.Oncethere,goinsidethebaseo
fthestatueandheadtotheobservationdecksforanawesomeviewofNewYorkCityanditssurroundings.Thencomebackonthef
errytoEllisIslandtolearnaboutthehistoryofimmigration(移民入境)toAmericathattookplaceherebetween1892and1954.◆CentralParkWalking
TourWalkthroughCentralPark’smostpicturesquehighlightsona2hourtourwithaprofessionalphotographer.RememberyourNewYorkCityadventurewithunforgettableim
agesofyouwithfamilyorfriendsasyoucirclethetowersatBelvedereCastle,andwalkthroughpathswithflowersintheConservator
yGarden,orfeedtheswansbytheLoebBoathouse.◆NewYorkCityArchitectureWalkingTourLearnaboutthehistoryofthebuildingsthatdefinetheNewYorkCityskylin
eona3-hourwalkingarchitecturetour.Walkdownthefamous42ndStreetcorridorwithalongtimeNewYorkresident(居民)andarchitecturalexpert,stoppingalongt
hewaytolearnaboutMidtownManhattan’smosticonicstructuresliketheChryslerBuilding,GrandCentralStationandtheNewYorkPublicLibrary.◆GreenwichVill
ageWalkingTourGreenwichVillageisoneofNewYorkCity’smostbeautifulandfamousneighborhoods.Takeaguided2-hourwalkingtourofth
islegendaryLowerManhattanspace.Hearaboutthefamousartistswhooncelivedhere,fromEdgarAllanPoetoBobDylan,JimiHendrixandc
ountlessothers.WalkthewindingstreetsandvisitpopularWashingtonSquarePark,relivingmorethan200yearsofhistory.【解题导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍
了四个在纽约进行徒步旅行的项目。5．WhydotouristsvisitEllisIsland?A．ToknowaboutAmericanimmigrationhistory.B．Toexplorethesurround
ingsoftheisland.C．TogetawholeviewofNewYorkCity.D．ToobserveStatueofLibertyclosely.A解析：细节理解题。根据StatueofLibertyandEllisIslandWalkingTour部分的最后一句“Thencom
ebackontheferrytoEllisIslandtolearnaboutthehistoryofimmigration(移民入境)toAmericathattookplaceherebetween1892and1954.”可知，旅游者参观埃利斯岛的目的是了解移民美国的历史。故选A。
6．WhowillgowithtouristsonCentralParkWalkingTour?A．Anexperiencedguide.B．Anarchitecturalexpert.C．Aprofessio
nalphotographer.D．AlongtimeNewYorkresident.C解析：细节理解题。根据CentralParkWalkingTour部分的第一句“WalkthroughCentralPark’smostpicturesquehighlightsona2-h
ourtourwithaprofessionalphotographer.”可知，在中央公园的徒步旅行中会有一个专业摄影师和旅游者在一起。故选C。7．Whichtourtakesthelongesttime?A．CentralParkWalkingTour
.B．GreenwichVillageWalkingTour.C．NewYorkCityArchitectureWalkingTour.D．StatueofLibertyandEllisIslandWalkingTour.
D解析：细节理解题。根据StatueofLibertyandEllisIslandWalkingTour部分第一句中的“Startthisexcitingguided4-hourtour”可知，这个徒步旅行需要4个小时。而其他三个徒步旅行需要的时间分别是：A：2个小时，B：2个小时
，C：3个小时。故选D。8．WhatcantouristsdoonGreenwichVillageWalkingTour?A．Takeunforgettablepictures.B．ComeacrossBobDylan.C．V
isitNewYorkPublicLibrary.D．Learnaboutfamousartists.D解析：细节理解题。根据最后一段第三句“Hearaboutthefamousartistswhoonceli
vedhere,fromEdgarAllanPoetoBobDylan,JimiHendrixandcountlessothers.”可知，游客可以通过GreenwichVillageWalkingTour这个
徒步旅行项目去了解著名的艺术家。故选D。Ⅱ.完形填空(2020·大连一模)Beingjoblessforthelastthreemonths,Iamupsetnowadays.Mysonhaslosthis__1__fromagoodschoolandhemighthavetogot
oalessqualifiedschool.Ihavemovedfromaspacious(宽敞的)apartmenttoasmalloneinorderto__2__mylivingexpenses.Mywifehasbuiltextrastress
.Ontopofthat,myfatherinlaw__3__aweekago,whichhasaddedfueltofire,__4__ourfamilyintoamoreterriblestate.InthesecircumstancesIhavetwomental__5__：
eithertofeelupsetandkeeplosingmypeaceofmind,or__6__mynegativethoughtswithsupermentalpowersaboutself-confidenceandconsistenc
y,and__7__applyingfornewjobswithpositiveattitude.IchoosethesecondoptionbecauseIbelievethatthepainIam__8__to
daywillbuildupmy__9__.Mystrengthswillthenincreasemyconfidenceandmakemea(n)__10__manoneday.Iunderstandthatgoodand
badstagesarepartsof__11__.Whilegoodtimesmakemehappy,badtimes__12__the“inner”me.Twomonthslater,__13__，Ihavefinallylandedajobwhichi
sveryexcitingandoffersanicesalary.Timehashealedmywife’smentalstress__14__thedeathofherfather.Mysonhasalreadybeenacceptedbyanothergoodschoolbecaus
etheadmissionsfornewacademicyearwerestill__15__！AsIambackonthetrackofnormallife,Ican__16__saythatthemostimportantthingsthathelpedme__17__thecr
isis(危机)weremyconsistentcharacterofpatience,and__18__attitudetowardslife.So,whileIwishyouallthebestlifecan__19__you,Iwouldhighlyrec
ommendtakingthesameattitudetowardslife__20__youaretrappedinanyofsuchsituations.【解题导语】本文是一篇记叙文，主要通过讲述作者成功应
对困境的故事从而启迪读者要一直保持积极的生活态度。1．A.admissionB．benefitC．diplomaD．permissionA解析：根据该句中的“hemighthavetogotoalessqualifiedschool”可推知，作者的儿子失去了进入好学校的资格，与下文中的“Mys
onhasalreadybeenacceptedbyanothergoodschoolbecausetheadmissionsfornewacademicyearwerestill______！”呼应。2．A.shareB．reduceC．breakD．raiseB解析：根据上文可知，作
者失业三个月，为了缩减生活开支作者从宽敞的公寓搬到了较小的公寓。3．A.showedupB．setoffC．felldownD．passedawayD解析：根据下文中的“Timehashealedmywife’
smentalstress______thedeathofherfather.”可知，作者妻子的父亲过世了。passaway“去世”。4．A.puttingB．findingC．formingD．liftingA解析：根据语境可知，作者的岳父一周
前去世了，这使作者一家处于更糟糕的状态，put“使处于(某状态或情况)”符合语境。5．A.problemsB．concernsC．choicesD．activitiesC解析：根据空后的“eitherto
feelupset...or______mynegativethoughts”可推知，作者面对这种困境，有两种心理选择(choices)，与下文中的“Ichoosethesecondoption”相呼应。6．A.linkB．replaceC．mixD．exc
hangeB解析：固定搭配replace...with...意为“用……替代……”，与空前的“keep”形成对比，故选B。7．A.regretB．stopC．keepD．riskC解析：根据下文中的“Ihavefinallylandedajob”可推知，作者也可以保持积极
的态度，继续申请新的工作。keep“继续”。8．A.practicingB．sufferingC．producingD．relievingB解析：根据语境可知，作者选择以积极的态度继续申请新的工作，因为作者相信他现在遭受的(suffering)痛苦将增强他的毅力(ch
aracter)。9．A.intelligenceB．bodyC．characterD．reputationC解析：参见上题解析。10．A.carefulB．hardworkingC．easygoin
gD．successfulD解析：根据上文作者失去工作，儿子不能进入好的学校，岳父去世等一堆糟心的事，并结合该句“Mystrengthswillthenincreasemyconfidenceandmakem
ea(n)______manoneday.”可推知，作者相信自己有一天会成功。11．A.lifeB．wealthC．timeD．healthA解析：根据语境并结合常识可知，作者明白好的阶段和坏的阶段都是生活的一部分，与下文中的“AsIambackonthetrackofnormalli
fe”呼应。12．A.hideB．destroyC．strengthenD．killC解析：根据该段第一句并结合语境可推知，艰难的时光会让作者韬光养晦，积蓄力量。13．A.desperatelyB．unwillinglyC．hopefullyD．fortunatel
yD解析：根据语境可知，两个月后，作者幸运地(fortunately)找到了一份称心的工作。14．A.regardlessofB．duetoC．insteadofD．apartfromB解析：根据语境可知，前后句表示逻辑上的因果关系，前果后因。d
ueto“由于”符合语境。15．A.occupiedB．emptyC．openD．closedC解析：根据语境可知，新学年入学申请依然开放(open)，因此作者的儿子被另一所好学校录取。16．A.disappointedlyB．surprisedlyC．deliberatelyD．
confidentlyD解析：根据上文中的“Mystrengthswillthenincreasemyconfidence”可推知，当生活回到正轨时，作者信心满满(confidently)。17．A.fightB．meetC．changeD．delayA解析：根据上文可知，作者战
胜了(fight)危机，生活重新步入正轨。18．A.generalB．positiveC．friendlyD．honestB解析：根据上文中的“applyingfornewjobswithpositiveattitude”并结合语境可推知，作者始终如一的坚毅性格和积极的(positive
)生活态度帮助作者战胜了生活中的危机。19．A.offerB．expectC．manageD．sendA解析：根据语境可知，作者祝愿人们万事如意。offer“给予”符合语境。20．A.asifB．inthatC．no
wthatD．incaseD解析：根据语境可知，作者极力建议人们如果陷入像这样的境地，也以相同的态度面对生活。incase“如果，假使”。课时练22篇阅读＋1篇读后续写Ⅰ.阅读理解A(2020·河南六市高三联考)B
eingstuckbehindcrowdsofslowwalkerswhenyou’reinahurryisoneofthemostannoyingthings.Butnow,LakesideShoppingCentreinEssex,oneoftheUK’slargest
shoppingmalls,hasintroduceditsveryownfastlaneforshoppersinahurry,aimingtohelpimpatientshoppersavoidslowwalkersandtheangerthatgoeswiththem.TheL
akesideShoppingCentreinEssexhasintroduceda720foot“fastlane”reservedforfastwalkersonly,justintimeforthefestiverush.Thecent
re’smanagementteamsaid,“Thelanewillhelptheshopperswhoknowwheretheywanttogoquicklyanddon’twanttogetcaughtinbehindunhurriedshoppersatthebusiesttimeoft
heyear.”ThefastlanewasintroducedafteraMasterCardsurveyfoundthat80percentofconsumersfoundslowwalkerstheirbiggestannoyancewhileshoppin
g.Theresearchalsofoundthattheaveragewalkingspeedsloweddownby21percentduringthefestiveshoppingperiod,as
mostshoppersspentmoretimewindowshoppingduringthisperiod.GaryMortimer,anexpertfromtheQueenslandUniversityofTechnolog
y,saidhewasn’tsurprisedbythepromotionaboutthelaunchofthefastlane,andthoughttheconceptwouldappealtoshoppersallovertheworld.“Crowdedpark
inglotsandbusyshoppingcentrestendtobetwoofthebiggestcomplaintsofshoppersoverthefestiveseason，”hesaid.“Ithinkthefastlanesarean
ewapproach.However,Isuspectitwillbeabitlikefastlanesonthehighway,soitmightendupbeingmoretroublethanitsworth.”TheMasterCardsurveyalsoidentifiedthe
fourmostcommontypesofshoppers.Theyinclude“Skaters”whotryandmaketheirwaythroughcrowdspolitely,“Dodgers”whomovedownthepathstoavoidsl
owwalkers,“Bulldozers”whopushtheirwaythroughcrowds,and“Tutters”whoexpresstheirfrustrationstoslowwalkers
.【解题导语】本文主要介绍了英国一家大型购物中心在节日高峰期引进快速通道一事。1．Thefastlaneisintendedfortheshopperswho________．A．can’tmovequicklybecauseofphysica
ldisabilitiesB．buythingsontheirshoppinglistsquicklyC．taketheirtimetodowindowshoppingD．wanttoleavethemallquicklyB解析：推理判断题。根据第一段第二句“Bu
tnow,LakesideShoppingCentreinEssex,oneoftheUK’slargestshoppingmalls,hasintroduceditsveryownfastlaneforshoppersinahurry,aimingtohel
pimpatientshoppersavoidslowwalkersandtheangerthatgoeswiththem.”和第二段最后一句“Thecentre’smanagementteamsaid,‘Thelanewillhelptheshopperswhokn
owwheretheywanttogoquicklyanddon’twanttogetcaughtinbehindunhurriedshoppersatthebusiesttimeoftheyear.’”可推知，快速通道是为那些想迅速购物的人而设计的，故选B。2．WhatisGaryMortime
r’sattitudetothefastlane?A．Supportive.B．Indifferent.C．Critical.D．Objective.D解析：观点态度题。根据对第四段及第五段的整体理解可知，GaryMortimer对快速通道进行了全面的评论，既肯定了快
速通道的优点，又看到了其潜在的劣势，因此他的态度是客观的，故选D。3．Whomaypatientlymovebehindaslowcrowd?A．Skaters.B．Dodgers.C．Bulldoz
ers.D．Tutters.A解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段第二句中的“‘Skaters’whotryandmaketheirwaythroughcrowdspolitely”可推知，Skaters在购物时会耐心地跟在缓慢的人群后，故选A。4．Wh
atisthemainideaofthetext?A．Shoppingcanbeannoyingsometimes.B．Howtoavoidslowwalkerswhenshopping.C．Theproblemsthatshoppingc
entresfaceduringbusyholidays.D．Theshoppingmallcreatesthefastlanetoavoidslowwalkers.D解析：主旨大意题。根据第一段开篇点题，并结合对全文的整体理解可知，本文主要介绍了英国一家大型购物中心引进快速通道，从而在节
日高峰期使购物迅速的人避开购物缓慢的人的新闻，故选D。B(2020·陕西部分学校摸底)Whilewemaythinkitfeelsgoodtocomplain,complaininghassomebade
ffectsassociatedwithit.Whyisn’tcomplainingbeneficial?Researchshowsthatitconnectsourbrainwithnegativity.Theb
rainisdesignedtoworkefficiently.Thismeansthatwhenwerepeatathought,negativeorpositive,thenervecellsformabridgebetwee
neachothertopassinformationinahigherspeed.Therefore,thenexttimewehaveasimilartypeofthought,itismoreeasilypassed.Thisexplainswhycertainthoughtpatterns
becomehabits.Yettheharmfuleffectsdon’tstopthere.Astudyshowsthatcomplainingcausesthehippocampus(海马),w
hichplaysavitalroleinproblemsolving,tobecomesmaller.Inadditiontocausingbraindamage,complainingalsoreleasesastresshormone:cortisol(皮质醇),akindofchem
icalthebodyproduceswhenwemeetwithsomedanger.Constantlyhavingahighlevelofcortisolresultsinhighbloodpressure,highblood
sugar,andlowerimmunity(免疫力)．Theilleffectsofourcomplainingaren’tjustlimitedtoourselves:theyalsoinvolvethosearoundus
.Wetendtomirrorthemoodsofourfriends.Forthisreason,weshouldbecautiousabouthavingstubborncomplainersinourcircleo
fcompanions.Thebestwaytodealwithconstantnegativityistodevelopasenseofgratitude.Justlikecomplainingactsasapoison,gratitu
deactsasamedicine.Researchshowsitlowerscortisollevelsby23percent,aswellasreducesbloodpressureandbloodsugar.Italsodecreas
estirednessanddepression.Gratitudeistheperfectcureforcomplaining,abehaviorthatstealsourbrainpower,happinessandphysicalwe
llbeing.Whathaveyouobservedabouttheeffectsofcomplaininginyourownlifeorinthelivesofothers?Haveyounoticedthatwhenyouaregrateful,youfee
lbetterallround?Pleaseshareyourthoughtsinthecommentssectionbelow.【解题导语】研究发现，抱怨与消极性密切相关，除了导致脑损伤，抱怨还会释放皮质醇，持续高水平的皮质醇会导致高血
压、高血糖和免疫力低下，而感恩却与之相反，会带来很多益处；人们在生活中要少点抱怨，多些感恩。5．WhatdoParas.2－3mainlytalkabout?A．Thediseasescausedbycomplaining.
B．Thedecreaseofavitalpartofourbrain.C．Thebadeffectsofcomplainingonbrainpower.D．Thereasonwhycertainthoughtpatternsbecom
ehabits.C解析：段落大意题。根据第二段第一、二句和第三段第一句“Yettheharmfuleffectsdon’tstopthere.”可知，第二、三段主要讲的是抱怨对人的脑力的不良影响。故选C项。6．Whatca
nweknowaboutcortisolfromthepassage?A．Gratitudeisaneffectivecureforcortisol.B．Ourbodyproducescortisolwhenwefeelexci
ted.C．Cortisolisachemicalthatcancausebraindamage.D．Havingahighlevelofcortisolcanleadtomanyhealthproblems.D解析：细节理解题。根据第四段第二句“C
onstantlyhavingahighlevelofcortisolresultsin...immunity(免疫力)．”可知，高水平的皮质醇会导致很多健康问题。故选D项。7．Whatattitudedoesthewritertaketostubborncomplai
ners?A．Grateful.B．Tolerant.C．Disapproving.D．Skeptical.C解析：观点态度题。根据第五段的内容尤其是最后一句“Forthisreason,weshouldbecautiousabout...compan
ions.”可知，抱怨者也会对身边的人有不好的影响，因此作者认为身边有顽固的抱怨者时要小心，由此可推知，作者对抱怨者持不赞成的态度。故选C项。8．Wherecanthepassagemostprobablyappear?A．Inanewspaper.B
．Inamedicalreport.C．Onawebsite.D．Inaradioprogram.C解析：文章出处题。根据最后一段最后一句“Pleaseshareyourthoughtsinthecommentssection
below.”可知，本文很可能出现在一个网站上。故选C项。Ⅱ.读后续写阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。续写的词数应为150左右。Jennywastheonlychildinherfamil
y.Shehadaquarrelwithhermotherthatafternoonandsheranoutofthehouseangrily.Shecouldn’thelpweepingsorrowfullyw
henshethoughtofthescoldingfromhermother.Havingwanderedaimlesslyinthestreetforhours,shefeltalittlehungryandwishedforsometh
ingtoeat.Shestoodbesideastandforawhile,watchingamiddleagedsellerbusydoinghisbusiness.However,withnomoneyinhand,shegav
easighandhadtoleave.Thesellerbehindthestandnoticedtheyounggirlandasked，“Hey,girl,youwanttohavethenoodles？”“Oh,yes,butIdon’thavemoneyonme，”
shereplied.“That’snothing.I’lltreatyoutoday，”saidtheman.“Comein.”Thesellerbroughtherabowlofnoodles,andthesmell
wassoattractive.Asshewaseating,Jennycriedsilently.“Whatisit？”askedthemankindly.“Nothing.ActuallyIwasjusttouchedbyy
ourkindness！”saidJennyasshewipedhertears.“Evenastrangeronthestreetwillgivemeabowlofnoodles,whilemymotherdro
vemeoutofthehouse.Sheshowednocareforme.Sheissomercilesscomparedtoastranger！”Hearingthewords,thesellersmiled，“Girl,doyoureallythinkso?Ionlygaveyoua
bowlofnoodlesandyouthankedmealot.Butitisyourmotherwhohasraisedyousinceyouwereababy.Canyounumberthetimesshecookedforyou?Haveyouexpressedyourgr
atitudetoher？”Jennysatthere,speechlessandnumbwithshock;sherememberedhermother’sfamiliarfaceandweatheredhands.“Whydidn’tIthinkofthat?Abowlofnoodle
sfromastrangermademefeelindebted.Whyhaven’tIthankedmymumforwhatshehasdoneforme？”Onthewayhome,Jennymad
euphermindtomakeanapologytohermotherforherrudenessassoonasshearrivedhome.Paragraph1：Approachingthedoorway,______________________
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__________________________________________________________________________________Paragraph2：Agentletouchonherhaircalledhermindback.________________
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________________________Onepossibleversion：Paragraph1：Approachingthedoorway,Jennytookadeepbreath.Tiredandsad,shesat
downinfrontofthehouse.“Wheremightmymotherbe？”shewondered.“Isshereallysoangrywithmethatshedoesn’twanttosho
wanycareforme？”Again,thesceneofthequarrelappearedinhermind.Sherememberedherrudenesstohermother,andshejustrealized
thatallthescoldingfromhermotherwasduetothefactthathermotherreallycaredalotabouther.Tearsrolleddownhercheeks.Par
agraph2：Agentletouchonherhaircalledhermindback.Sheraisedherheadtoseethefamiliarfaceandtheworriedeyes.“Hereyoucome!I’vebeenlookingforyou，”camethetir
edvoice.Jennycouldn’thelpbutthrowherselfintohermother’sarms.“I’msorryandthankyouforallyouhavedoneforme.”Sheexpressedthesi
ncereapologyandthegreatgratitude.Thenshefeltthehugtightened.
