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Unit3FitforlifeSectionAWelcometotheunit&Reading必备知识基础练Ⅰ.单句填空1.Thankyoucontributinggenerouslytothescholarshipfund.2.Peopleoftensharetheirpo

liticalviewstheirparents.3.youcanimagine,thetripisnopieceofcake.4.TheInternethasmadepossibleforustohavelon

g-distancemeetings.5.Itissaidthatcanceristiedanindividual’sgeneticmake-up.6.Early(identify)ofadiseasecanpreventdeathandillness.7.Gene

rallythosewhoexerciseregularlyhavehigh(resist)todiseases.Ⅱ.短语填空specializein,dependon,relateto,awiderangeof,leadto,serveas,

figureout,outofcontrol,toone’sadvantage1.Ithinkshe’smakinguseofthissituation.2.Atruckwentandcrashedintothebackofabus.3.Peoplehavem

anywaystosolvethisproblem.4.Socialandpoliticalproblemstheoutbreakofwar.5.ateacherismydreamsinceIwasachild.6.Good

teachersmustknowhowtostudents.7.Therearecareeropportunitiesopentoyoungpeople.8.Hechemistryandhasmadeanumberofnewdiscoveries.9.Thepr

iceofwinevariesenormouslywhereitcomesfrom.Ⅲ.完成句子1.家长在孩子的成长过程中发挥着关键的作用。Parentsthegrowthoftheirchildren

.2.那家工厂的关闭很可能使1000人失业。Theclosureofthefactorycost1,000jobs.3.评价是提高教育质量的有效手段。Evaluationispromotingeducationquality.4.机动车辆禁止在市中心行驶。Motorvehiclesinth

etowncentre.5.这是一个新课题,需要深入探讨。Thisisanewsubject,whichindepth.关键能力提升练Ⅳ.阅读理解A主题语境:人与社会语篇类型:说明文Amongallthefastgrowingscienceand

technology,theresearchofhumangenes,orbiologicalengineeringaspeoplecallit,isdrawingmoreandmoreattenti

onnow.Sometimesitisahottopictalkedaboutbypeople.Thegreatestthingthatgenetechnologycandoistocureseriousdiseasesthatdoctorsatpres

entcanalmostdonothingwith,suchascancerandheartdisease.Everyyear,millionsofpeoplearemurderedbythesetwokillers.Andtodate,doctorshavenotfound

aneffectivewaytocurethem.Butifthegenetechnologyisapplied,notonlycanthesetwodiseasesbecuredcompletely,bringinghappinessandmorelivingdaystothe

patients,butalsothegreatamountofmoneypeoplespendincuringtheirdiseasescanbesaved,thereforeitbenefitstheeconomyaswell.Inaddition,humanlifespanc

anbelonger.Genetechnologycanhelppeopletogivebirthtomorehealthyandcleverchildren.Somefamilies,withtheEnglishimperialfamilybeingagoodexa

mple,havehereditary(遗传的)diseases.Thismeanstheirchildrenwillforsurehavethefamilydisease,whichisagreattroub

leforthesefamilies.Inthepast,doctorscoulddonothingwithhereditarydiseases.Butgenetechnologycansolvethisproble

mperfectly.Thescientistsjustneedtofindthewronggeneandcorrectit,andahealthychildwillbeborn.Somepeopleareworryingthatthegeneresearchcanb

eusedtomakehumanbeingsinlargequantities.Inthepastfewyears,scientistshavesucceededincloningbabiesbutt

heywillnotcomeoutinlargequantities,formostcouplesintheworldcanhavebabiesinverynormalway.Ofcourse,thegovernmentsmusttakecaretocontrolgen

etechnology.1.Whatdoesthephrase“thesetwokillers”inthesecondparagraphreferto?A.Cancerandheartdisease.B.Hereditarydiseasesandcancer.C.Thetwomurd

ererswhokilledtheclonedbaby.D.Genetechnologyandanothertreatmentofthetwodiseases.2.Inwhatwaycangenetechn

ologyhelptotreathereditarydiseases?A.Humanbabiescanalsobecloned.B.Doctorscancurecancerandheartdisease.C.Peo

plewithhereditarydiseaseslivelonger.D.Scientistsfindthewronggeneandcorrectit.3.Whatisthemainpurposeofwritingthetext?A.Toexplain

thatgenetechnologywilldogreatharmtohumanrace.B.Totellreadersthatgenetechnologywillbenefitpeople.C.Toadvis

ethegovernmentstotakecaretocontrolgenetechnology.D.Toinformpeoplethatgenetechnologyhelpsclonebabiesinlargequantities.B主

题语境:人与社会语篇类型:说明文DNAanalysishasrevealedfamilyrelationshipsbetweenmorethan10generationsofStoneAgepeopleatmegalithic(巨石的)tombsinIrelandandSweden.Thee

videncesuggeststhatmegaliths,prehistoriclargestonestructures,sometimesactedasgravesforfamilygroupsinnorthwesternEuropethousandsofyearsago.T

helatestfindingsthrownewlightontheoriginsandsocialstructureofthegroupsthatbuiltmegalithsinthisregion—ahistoryt

hathaslongbeenhiddeninmystery.Fortheirstudy,theinternationalteamofresearchersanalyzedthegenomes—thecompletesetofgen

eticmaterialinacell—of24StoneAgeindividualsfromfivemegalithicburialsitesinIreland,ScotlandandGotland,alargeSwedishislandintheBalticSea.Thisanalysissh

owedthatmanyoftheindividualsburiedateachmegalith,whoalllivedbetween3,800B.C.and2,600B.C.,accordingtoradiocarbon-datingoftheirrema

ins,werecloselyrelatedviafamilyties.Theresultsalsoshowedthattheindividualsburiedatthemegalithswererelatedto

NeolithicfarmersinnorthernandwesternEuropebutgeneticallydistinctfromotherhunter-gatherers.Thiswasparticularlynoticea

bleattheAnsarvesiteontheislandofGotland.“ThepeopleburiedintheAnsarvetombareremarkablydifferentonagenet

iclevelcomparedtotheindividualsdugoutfromhunter-gathercontexts,showingthattheburialtraditioninthismegalithictomb,whichlastedforover700

years,wasperformedbydistinctgroupswithrootsintheEuropeanNeolithicexpansion,”MagdalenaFraser,co-firstauthorfromUppsalaUniversit

y,saidinthestatement.4.What’sthesignificanceofthenewfindings?A.ItrevealsthefamilytiesbetweenpeopleinIre

landandSweden.B.Itimpliesthatmanypeopleburiedinthetombswerecloselyrelated.C.Itindicatesthelong-hiddenmysteryconcerningDNAanalys

is.D.Itsuggeststhatthemegalithsbecametombsthousandsofyearsago.5.Howdidtheresearchersreachtheirfindings?A.Byanalyzinggene

s.B.Bystudyingtheburialsites.C.Byinterviewingindividuals.D.Bytravellingtodifferentregions.6.Whatcanbelearnedaboutthelatestfindings?A.Somepeop

leburiedinthetombswererelatedtofarmers.B.Fewpeopleburiedinthetombsweregeneticallydifferent.C.Allthepeopleburiedatmegalithshadfamilyrelationsh

ips.D.PeopleburiedintheAnsarvetombweredugout700yearslater.7.Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleforthetext?

A.MegalithsServedasTombsThousandsofYearsAgoB.PeopleBuriedattheMegalithsWereRecentlyAnalyzedC.LatestFindingsShedLightonaMyster

yaboutBurialsD.StoneAgePeopleinIrelandandSwedenHadCloseTiesⅤ.七选五主题语境:人与自然语篇类型:说明文Mybackyardusedtobeajunkyard,atragicmixofrubble,

tires,pipes,chewtoysandglassshards.1Howcanweavoidallthisdirtandsunlightandwatergoingtowaste?Belowareseveraltipstogetstarted.Createavisionb

asedonyourspace.Thinkaboutthespaceyou’recultivating.Isitayard?Arooftop?Awindowsill?Afireescape?Howmuchsunlightdoesi

tget?Beforeyoumakeyourgardenplans,takealookatmodelslikeyours.Don’tGoogle“Hawaiidreamgarden”ifyou’reinMinnesota.Also,talktoneighboursaboutwhatgrow

swellinyourhardinesszone.2Makesureyou’reworkingwithhealthysoil.Healthysoilisfullofbillionsofbacteria,fungiandothermicrobes.Whatexact

lyaplantwantscanvary.Carrotsandbeetswantsandiersoil,sotheirrootscanmoreeasilypenetrate.3Soilstructureishowtheparticlesaregroupe

dtogether.Theidealstructureisgranular(颗粒的)oriteasilybreaksintoverysmallpieces.Youcangetidealstructurebybuyingyourgardensoilinbagsatthehardwaresto

reorbycomposting(堆肥)athome.4Youcanstartagardeninpotsorcontainers,oryoucanbuildbeds.Thedecisiondependsonyourpref

erences,space,whatyou’regrowingandyourbudget.Justaboutanythingcanbeacontainerforyourplant.5Solongasyoudrillholesinthebot

tomanddon’tletanypainttouchthesoil.Remembertostayawayfromanythingthathashadatoxicuse(suchasoildrums)andavoidplastics

,whichcanleachchemicalsintothesoilastheybreakdownfromultravioletlight.Nowitwouldbeagreattimetobuildyourselfagarden.A.Anal

yzethestructureofchemicals.B.Itfeltcompletelyhopeless.C.Makecontainersorraisedbeds.D.Tomatoeswantmoreclayforwaterholding.E.Youcanfigureoutwhatplantsg

rowinyourzone.F.Onceyoucreatetheconditionsforlifetogrow,itgrows.G.Forexample,woodenwineboxes,milkcrates,oldpotso

rdresserdrawers.参考答案SectionAWelcometotheunit&ReadingⅠ.1.for2.with3.As4.it5.to6.identification7.resistance

Ⅱ.1.toheradvantage2.outofcontrol3.figuredout4.ledto5.Servingas6.relateto7.awiderangeof8.specializesin9.dependingon

Ⅲ.1.playacriticalrolein2.islikelyto3.aneffectivemeansof4.areprohibitedfromdriving5.needstobeexploredⅣ.【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了基因技术给人类带来的好处。1.A

推理判断题。根据第二段第一句中出现的“suchascancerandheartdisease”可推断,此处的“两大杀手”指的就是癌症和心脏病。2.D细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句“Thescientistsjustneedt

ofindthewronggeneandcorrectit,andahealthychildwillbeborn.”可知,有了基因技术,科学家们能够找到错误的基因并加以纠正。3.B主旨大意题。通读全文内容可知,文章主要

告诉读者,基因技术在很大程度上有益于人类。【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。研究人员通过分析来自五个巨石墓葬遗址的基因组发现,石器时代的爱尔兰人和瑞典人可能存在亲属关系。4.B细节理解题。根据第一段内容可知DNA分析揭示了爱尔兰和瑞典巨石墓群10多

代人之间存在家庭关系,这意味着埋葬在坟墓里的许多人是近亲。5.A细节理解题。根据第三段第一句“Fortheirstudy,theinternationalteamofresearchersanalyzedthegenomes...”可知,研究人员是通过分析基因组得到这项发现的。6.A细节理解题

。根据第五段第一句“TheresultsalsoshowedthattheindividualsburiedatthemegalithswererelatedtoNeolithicfarmersinnorthernandwesternEu

rope...”可知,埋葬在巨石阵中的人与北欧和西欧的新石器时代农民有关。7.D主旨大意题。根据第一段以及接下来的内容可知,文章主要围绕着石器时代的爱尔兰人和瑞典人有密切联系这一点展开。因此,D项最具概括性。Ⅴ.【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文

。如何把一个垃圾场打造成一个美丽的花园呢?文章给出了五个建议。1.B根据前面一句的描述可知,B项对上述内容进行了总体评论,并引出下面的内容,即如何解决问题。2.E根据前面句子的内容可知,通过跟邻居交谈,你可以弄清楚你所在区域种植什么植物比较适合。3.

D根据上文的句子可知,不同的植物需要的土壤是不一样的,此处D项与上文构成并列关系,都表示举例说明。4.C分析文章结构可知,此处需要选择一个祈使句作为小标题;根据该段内容可知,只有C项符合要求。5.G根据上下文内容可知,此处举例说明很多东西可以充当种植的容器,比如木

制酒盒、牛奶箱、旧罐子或梳妆台抽屉等。