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Unit2NaturaldisastersSectionAWelcometotheunit&Reading必备知识基础练Ⅰ.单句填空1.Theroomis(order)afterherarrangement.答案orderly2.Weallbreathedasigh

of(relieve)whenheleft.答案relief3.His(injure)preventedhimfromplayinginthegame.答案injury4.Herarrestproducedanimmediate(react)fromt

hepress.答案reaction5.Weareabletogetthe(inform)weneedfromtheInternet.答案information6.Readingisanexcellentwaytolearnnewt

hingsandstay(inform).答案informed7.Asweknow,mostnaturaldisastersareusually(destroy).答案destructive8.Twothirdsofthepeoplein

thecounty(injure)ordiedintheearthquake.答案wereinjured9.Ithadneveroccurredtohimhemightbefallinginlovewithher.答案that10.Shesignalledthewaiter(bri

ng)themenu.答案to;tobringⅡ.完成句子1.当我们说到世界,是指整个世界。Whenwetalkabouttheworld,wemeantheworld.答案atlarge2.小孩最终被找到了,安

然无恙。Thechildwasfinallyfound.答案safeandsound3.她突然想起自己把钥匙落在家里了。shehadleftherkeysinherhome.答案Itoccurredto

herthat4.那个家庭主妇头脑冷静,并且立即给消防队打了电话,否则整个房子就会烧光了。Thathousewifeandtelephonedthefiredepartmentimmediately;otherwisethewholehousemightbu

rndown.答案keptherhead5.幸运的是,在这次撞车事故中,只有少数乘客受了轻伤。Luckilyonlyfewpassengers.答案sufferedslightinjuriesinthecrash6.使她大为宽慰的

是,他立即意识到了即将到来的危险。,heimmediatelyrealizedthecomingdanger.答案Tohergreatrelief关键能力提升练Ⅲ.阅读理解A主题语境:人与自然体裁:说明文PartofnorthernCaliforniahadb

ecomeaninferno(火海)inthelatestbigfire.Anearbytown,Paradise,wasreducedtoash.Nearly50peopleareconfirmeddeadando

ver200missing.SixofthetenmostdestructivefiresinCalifornia’shistoryhaveoccurredinthepastdecade.Lastyearwasthemostdestructiveyearon

record,untilthisyear.WhyistheGoldenStatesoflammable?TherearethreereasonswhyCaliforniahasbeensurroundedbyflames.First,theclimateisbecomingw

armer.Thishasledtosnowmeltingearlier,drierlandscapesandalongerseasonwhenfiresarelikelytooccur.Asecondr

easonisthatmorepeopleliveinflammableplaces.Sincethe1990s60%ofnewhomesinCalifornia,WashingtonandOregonhavebeenbui

ltinspacesnexttonature.Theseareas,whichenvironmentalistscallthe“wildland-urbaninterface”,areathigherriskofwildfire.Athirdreasoni

sthatthereismorefuel.Beforewesternsettlersarrived,firesusedtohappenoftenandnaturally,whichmadelessfuelavail

ableforfuturefires.Forthepastcenturyfireshavebeencontrolledwell.Thishasledtoabuild-upofdrybrush,andmakestheaveragewildfiremuchlikeliertoturni

ntoabigone.PuttingouttheflameisthemostimmediatetaskforCalifornia,butnotthelast.Manysurvivorswillwanttorebuildthe

irhomesexactlywheretheywere.Californianswillalsowanttoensurethatutilitycompanies(公用事业公司)areactingandinvestingresponsibly.Investigationsintowhatcaus

edthefirearestillgoingon,butsomereportssuggestitmayhavebegunwithsparks(火花)fromlinesownedbyanelectricitycompany.【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文

。文章讲述的是加州是一个容易遭受毁灭性火灾的地方,并给出了观点。1.WhatmaydirectlycausethebigfireinCalifornia?A.Thewarmclimate.B.Livingtooclosetonature.C.Toomuch

fuel.D.Sparksfromelectricwire.答案C解析细节理解题。根据第四段第一句“Athirdreasonisthatthereismorefuel.”可知,加利福尼亚州大火的直接原因是太多的燃料。故选C项。2.Whatdoesth

eunderlinedsentenceinParagraph1suggest?A.ThefiresinCaliforniaareallverydestructive.B.ThelatestbigfireinCaliforn

iaisverydestructive.C.Californiasufferedfromdestructivefiresmostlastyear.D.TherehavebeensixdestructivefiresinCalif

orniainthepast10years.答案B解析句意理解题。根据第一段中的“PartofnorthernCaliforniahadbecomeaninferno(火海)inthelatestbigfire.Anearbytown,Paradise,wasred

ucedtoash.Nearly50peopleareconfirmeddeadandover200missing.”可知,加利福尼亚北部的部分地区在最近的一场大火中变成了地狱。附近的天堂镇被烧为灰烬。近50人确认死亡,200多人

失踪。故第一段画线部分的意思是“加利福尼亚最近发生的大火破坏性很强”。故选B项。3.Whatisthestructureofthetext?A.1//2-3//4-5B.1-2//3-5C.1//2-4//5D.1//2-5答案C解析推理判断题。文章第一段在事实的叙述中提出问

题“WhyistheGoldenStatesoflammable?”,第二至四段叙述火灾的三个理由“TherearethreereasonswhyCaliforniahasbeensurroundedbyflames

.”,第五段概括总结针对火灾采取的措施。故选C项。B主题语境:人与自然体裁:记叙文Maggiehadneverexperiencedanearthquakebefore,onlypreparedforit.Aslongasshecouldremember,preparing

foranearthquakewasroutine(常规的)atschool.Herfamilyaswellhadmadeplansintheeventofanaturaldisaster.EarthquakesaresomuchmorecommonontheWestCoasto

ftheUnitedStates.TodayMaggiewasathomealone.Maggieknewhermomwouldbedrivinghomeonthebusyfreeway,thinkingaboutpreparingsupperforM

aggie’sdad.Maggie’sdadwouldarriveattheairport.Hewascominghomefromatwo-weekbusinesstrip.Maggiearrivedhomefromschoolattheregulartime.She

wastakingsomebiscuitsfromthekitchencupboard,whenshefeltit.Firstjustatremor(微震),thentheviolentshaking.Maggiequicklyranunder

thelarge,woodentableinthediningroom.Thesoundsofbreakingglassandthecrashing(坠落)ofmanythingswerefrightening.Butthetableremainedundamaged,andMag

giehidherselfinfear.Afterwhatseemedlikeacenturytheearthquakeappearedtobeover.Maggiecouldhearthesoundofwaterrushi

ngbelowherinthebasement.Thesmellofnaturalgaswaspresentintheair.Maggieknewwherethemainwatervalve(阀门)waslocated.Dadhadshownherwhere

itwasandhowtoturnitoff.Slowlyandcarefullyshecameoutfromunderthetable.Theoncetidyhomewasnowalmostunrecognizable.AsMaggiereach

edtheopenbasementdoorshecouldseethestepswerestillingoodcondition.Shecarefullymadeherwaydownintothedarkbasement.Whilestillonthestepsshefeltthewater

risingandrising.SuddenlyMaggiefeltalotofpainasalargeceilingbeam(天花板梁)hitherheadandshoulder.Shefellontosomestorageboxes...【语

篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要叙述了主人公Maggie第一次遭遇地震的经历。4.WhatdoweknowaboutMaggieandherfamily?A.Theylivedinearthquakecountry.B.Theyseldompreparedforan

earthquake.C.Theyhadexperiencedanearthquakebefore.D.Theygotanearthquakewarningthatmorning.答案A解析推理判断题。根据第一段内容可知,在学校,为地震做准备是惯例;她的家人也制订

了应对自然灾害的计划。由此推断,Maggie和她的家人住在地震带国家。5.WhatwasMaggiedoingwhentheearthquaketookplace?A.Shewasabouttocleanherhome.B.She

wasabouttoenterherhome.C.Shewaslookingforsomethingtoeat.D.Shewaspreparingsupperforherfamily.答案C解析细节理解题。根据第三段第二句“Shewastak

ingsomebiscuitsfromthekitchencupboard...”可知,地震发生时,Maggie正在找吃的东西。6.WhydidMaggiegotothebasement?A.Toclosethebasementdoor.B.Tofindsome

storageboxes.C.Toturnoffthemainwatervalve.D.Tocheckwheretherisingwatercamefrom.答案C解析推理判断题。根据第四段第四、五句内容

可知,Maggie知道主水阀的位置,爸爸告诉过她它在哪儿以及怎么关掉它。由此推断,Maggie去地下室是为了关闭主水阀。7.What’sthetextmainlyabout?A.Maggie’sfirsttriptotheWestCoast.B.

Maggie’sfirstearthquakeexperience.C.HowMaggiesurvivedanaturaldisaster.D.HowMaggiepreparedforanearthquake.答案B解析主旨大意题。通读全文

可知,本文主要讲述了Maggie第一次遭遇地震的经历。B项最具概括性。Ⅳ.七选五主题语境:人与自然体裁:说明文KeepingSafeinYourHouseDuringaFireThoughyoumaynotthinkyou’lleverfallvictimtoahousef

ire,it’sbettertobepreparedtoavoidpanicking.Toincreaseyourchancesofsurvival,justfollowthesesteps.·Reactassoonasyouhearyoursmokealar

mgooff.Onhearingyoursmokedetectororalarmgoingoffandseeingafire,exityourhomeassafelyaspossible.1·Safelyexitthroughdoors.Ifyoudon’tseesmo

keatthedoor,openitslowlyandpassthroughitaftermakingsurethedoorfeelscool.Ifthereisafirepreventingyoufrome

xitingtheroom,closethedoor.·Protectyourselffromsmokeinhalation(吸入).Getlowtothefloorandcrouchorcrawlonyourhandsandkneestoavoi

dthesmoke.2Coveryournoseandmouthifyouhavetowalkbyorthroughaheavilysmoke-filledroom.·3Ifyourclothescatch

fire,immediatelystopwhatyou’redoing,dropflattotheground,androllarounduntilyouputthefireout.·Preventthesmokeifyoucan’tgetout.4Closeyourdoor

andcoverallvents(通风口)andcracks(缝隙)arounditwithclothortapetokeepthesmokeout.·Callforhelpfromasecondstorywindow.5Youcantakeasheetorsomethingelse—whit

epreferably—andhangitoutthewindowtosignifythatyouneedhelpwhenthefirstrespondersgetthere.A.Ifyouaretrappedinyoursecondstoryroom,ge

ttoanareawherepeoplecanfindyou.B.Donottrytogetyourphone,valuables,oryourotherimportantpossessions.C.Smokeinhalationcausespeo

pletobecomeunconscious.D.Escapefromasecondstorywindowifyoucan.E.Youareprobablyalotsaferbyclosingdoors.F.Stop,drop,androllifyou

rclothescatchfire.G.Ifyoucan’tescapeyourhome,don’tpanic.答案与解析【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。作者通过这篇文章主要向我们讲述了如何在火灾期间保持安全地待在屋子里的一些方法。1.B根据前文“Reactassoonasyouhearyour

smokealarmgooff.Onhearingyoursmokedetectororalarmgoingoffandseeingafire,exityourhomeassafelyaspossible.”可知,要尽快离开,不要管你的财物。故选B项。2.C

根据前文“Protectyourselffromsmokeinhalation(吸入).Getlowtothefloorandcrouchorcrawlonyourhandsandkneestoavoidt

hesmoke.”可知,要避免吸入烟雾,吸入烟雾会使人失去知觉。故选C项。3.F根据后文“Ifyourclothescatchfire,immediatelystopwhatyou’redoing,dropflattotheground,androllarounduntilyouputthef

ireout.”可知,如果你的衣服着火了要停下来。故选F项。4.G根据前文“Preventthesmokeifyoucan’tgetout.”可知,如果你不能逃离你的家,不要惊慌。故选G项。5.A根据后文“Youcantake

asheetorsomethingelse—whitepreferably—andhangitoutthewindowtosignifythatyouneedhelpwhenthefirstrespondersgetthere.”可知,你可以把一个床单或别的东西挂在

窗外,最好是白色的,来表明你需要帮助。故选A项。