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Unit4ScientistswhochangedtheworldSectionAWelcometotheunit&Reading必备知识基础练Ⅰ.用所给词的适当形式填空1.Ihavealready(pay)offthede

bt,soIcantakeabreath.答案paid2.Theman(intend)topayavisittotheoldmanchangedhismindatlast.答案intending3.Drugscanhaveboth(benef

it)andharmfuleffectsonathletes.答案beneficial4.Theanimals(limit)toacertainareaalldaysareeasytobecomeangry.答案limited5.Eachbookforthechildrenintheli

braryisbeautifully(illustrate).答案illustrated6.Thesurveys(conduct)bythescientistgroupgotaclearconclusionaboutthecase.答案co

nducted7.Unfortunately,theirvillagewashitbya(dead)diseaseinthelastcentury.答案deadly8.Ihopethis(wise)oftheChinesetraditionbringsh

ealthandhappinesstomorefriends.答案wisdom9.Theparentsfindtheirson(isolate)himselffromtheoutsideworldbysurfingtheInternet.答案isolating10.Whenthe(

contain)isfull,youcansucktherefreshmentoutthroughthetube.答案containerⅡ.完成句子1.传统也指那些已经发展并仍在被创造的事物。Traditionalsothethi

ngsthathavebeendevelopingandthatarestillbeingcreated.答案refersto2.这里冬天的天气冷得要命。Theweatherhereinthewinteris.答案deadlycold3.人的生命是有限的,但为人民服务是无限的。Ther

eisalimittoone’slife,butservingthepeople.答案nolimitto4.考试已从六月推迟到七月。TheexaminationJuneJuly.答案hasbeenpostponedfrom;to5.我想在旅行期间三本书就足够读了。Ithinkthr

eebooksreadingduringmytravel.答案willbesufficientfor6.他发现这种疗法对他的健康很有益。Hefoundthistreatmentveryhishealth.答案beneficialt

o7.有些人认为在动物身上做实验是残忍的。Somepersonsthinkit’scrueltoanimals.答案doexperimentson8.小女孩把脸靠在父亲宽阔的肩膀上,感到很安全。Thelittlegirlputherfaceag

ainstherfather’sandfeltsafe.答案broadshoulder9.演讲将于明天下午在我们学校的报告厅举行。Thespeechistobemadeinourschooltomorrowafternoon.答案lectur

ehall10.不愿意保持安静者将被逐出房间。Anypersonwhorefusestokeepsilentwilltheroom.答案beconductedoutof关键能力提升练Ⅲ.阅读理解A主题语境:人与社会体裁:说明文FemaleSc

ientistsWhoHaveChangedtheWorldTherearestillhundredsofrelatively-unknownwomenwhohavechangedtheworldwiththeirresearchthrou

ghouthistory.TieraGuinnThis21-year-oldscientisthasn’tyetgraduatedfromcollege,butTieraGuinn’salreadydoingrocketscience.TheMIT(麻省理工学院)seniorishelpin

gbuildarocketfortheUnitedStatesthatcouldbeoneofthebiggestandmostpowerfulevermade.She’sanaerospacemajorwithhighcr

editpointswhoalsoworksasaRocketStructuralDesignandAnalysisEngineerfortheSpaceLaunchSystemthataerospacecompanyBoeingisbuildingfortheUS.Elizabet

hBlackwellElizabethBlackwell,whowasborninBristol,Englandin1821,wasthefirstwomantograduatefrommedicalschoolintheUnitedStates,becameanactivistforpoorAm

ericanwomen’shealth,andwentontofoundamedicalschoolforwomeninEngland.JaneGoodallThemostfamousprimate(

灵长类)scientistinhistory,JaneGoodallwasknownforherworkwithchimpsandasachampionofanimalrights.AndGoodallwasn’tjustworkinginal

ab;sheclimbedtreesandimitatedthebehaviourofchimpsinTanzaniatogaintheirtrustandstudythemintheirnaturalhabitat.RachelCarsonInthe1960s,o

neenvironmentalscientist’svoiceroseabovetheresttobecomecentraltoAmericanpolitics,culture,andforeignpoli

cy:RachelCarson’s.Herarticle,“SilentSpring”,warnedofthedangersofpesticides(农药)andchemicalstohumans,plants,andanimals,andwasalandmarkinthenation

’senvironmentalhistory.【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了四位改变世界的女科学家。1.WhatisTieraGuinn’sgreatestachievement?A.Sheenteredthebestuniversityoftheworld.B.Shehasbee

nlearningthenewestrocketscience.C.Shehashelpedbuildabigandpowerfulrocket.D.Sheisatopstudentemployedbyafamous

company.答案C解析细节理解题。根据第二段中的“TheMITseniorishelpingbuildarocketfortheUnitedStatesthatcouldbeoneofthebiggestandmostpowerfulev

ermade.”可知,TieraGuinn最大的成就是帮助建造了美国有史以来最大、最强的火箭之一。2.WhatisElizabethBlackwellfamousforinhistory?A.Shewasthefirstwomanwiththead

vancededucation.B.Shewasapioneerofthewomen’shealthintheUSandtheUK.C.Shefoundedthefirstwomen’sschoolintheUnitedKingdom.D.Shewasthefirstwomantobeacce

ptedasanAmericancitizen.答案B解析细节理解题。根据第三段内容可知伊丽莎白·布莱克威尔1821年出生于英格兰的布里斯托尔,她是第一位从美国医学院毕业的女性,后来成为关注美国贫困女性健康的

活动家,并在英国成立了一所女子医学院。她是美国和英国妇女健康的先驱。3.Whomadeagreatcontributiontotheanimal-protectionmovement?A.TieraGuinn.B.JaneGoodall.C.RachelCars

on.D.ElizabethBlackwell.答案B解析细节理解题。倒数第二段中的“Themostfamousprimatescientistinhistory,JaneGoodallwasknownforherworkwithchi

mpsandasachampionofanimalrights.”可知珍·古德是历史上最著名的灵长类科学家,她以研究黑猩猩和维护动物权利而闻名,为动物保护运动做出了重大贡献。B主题语境:人与社会体裁:议论文Woul

dyoubetonthefutureofthisman?Heis53yearsold.Mostofhisadultlifehasbeenalosingstruggleagainstdebtandmisfortune.Awarinjuryhasmadehislefthandstop

functioning,andhehasoftenbeeninprison.Drivenbyheaven-knows-whatmotives,hedeterminestowriteabook.Thebookturnsouttobeonethathasappe

aledtotheworldformorethan350years.ThatformerprisonerwasCervantes,andthebookwasDonQuixote(《堂吉诃德》).Andthestoryposes

aninterestingquestion:Whydosomepeoplediscovernewvitalityandcreativitytotheendoftheirdays,whileothersgotoseedlongbefore?We’veallknownpeoplewhor

unoutofsteambeforetheyreachlife’shalfwaymark.I’mnottalkingaboutthosewhofailtogettothetop.Wecan’tallgetther

e.I’mtalkingaboutpeoplewhohavestoppedlearningongrowingbecausetheyhaveadoptedthefixedattitudesandopinionsthatalltoooftencom

ewithpassingyears.Mostofus,infact,progressivelynarrowthevarietyofourlives.Wesucceedinourfieldofspecializationandthenbecometrappedinit.Nothingsur

prisesus.Weloseoursenseofwonder.But,ifwearewillingtolearn,theopportunitiesareeverywhere.Thethingswelearninmaturityseldo

minvolveinformationandskills.Welearntobearwiththethingswecan’tchange.Welearntoavoidself-pity.Welearnthathowevermuchwetrytoplease,somepeo

plearenevergoingtoloveus—anideathattroublesatfirstbutiseventuallyrelaxing.Withhighmotivationandenthusiasm,wecankeeponlearn

ing.Thenwewillknowhowimportantitistohavemeaninginourlife.However,wecanachievemeaningonlyifwehavemadeacommitmenttosomethinglargerthanourownlittl

eegos(自我),whethertolovedones,tofellowhumans,towork,ortosomemoralconcept.Manyofusequate(视……等同于)“commitment

”withsuch“caring”occupationsasteachingandnursing.Butdoinganyordinaryjobaswellasonecanisinitselfanadmirablecommitment.Peopl

ewhoworktowardsuchexcellence—whethertheyaredrivingatruck,orrunningastore—maketheworldbetterjustbybeing

thekindofpeopletheyare.They’velearnedlife’smostvaluablelesson.【语篇解读】本文是一篇议论文,讲述要成功,就需要不断学习,这样的生活才更有意义。4.ThepassagestartswiththestoryofCerv

antestoshowthat.A.lossoffreedomstimulatesone’screativityB.ageisnotabarriertoachievingone’sgoalC.misery

inspiresamantofightagainsthisfateD.disabilitycannotstopaman’spursuitofsuccess答案B解析推理判断题。第一段讲述塞万提斯一生不幸,负债累累,因为战争左手残疾,同时还身陷囹圄,在53岁的时候决定写书,最终写出成名作《堂吉诃德》

。根据后文可知,所有的困境都没有阻挡他的成功,年龄也是如此。5.WhatdoestheunderlinedpartinParagraph3probablymean?A.Endone’sstruggleforliberty.B.Wasteone’senergytaki

ngrisks.C.Misstheopportunitytosucceed.D.Losetheinteresttocontinuelearning.答案D解析推理判断题。根据第三段中的“I’mtalkin

gaboutpeoplewhohavestoppedlearningongrowingbecausetheyhaveadoptedthefixedattitudesandopinionsthatalltoooftencomewithpassingyears.”可知,作者

谈论的不是那些没有到达巅峰的人,而是谈论那些不再学习成长的人,故选D项。6.WhatcouldbeinferredfromParagraph4?A.Thosewhodaretotryoftengetthemselvestr

apped.B.Thosewhotendtothinkbackcanhardlygoahead.C.Opportunitiesfavourthosewithacuriousmind.D.Opportunitiesawaitthosewithacautiousmind.答案C解析推理判

断题。根据第四段中的“Weloseoursenseofwonder.But,ifwearewillingtolearn,theopportunitiesareeverywhere.”可知,机会总是留给那些有好奇心的人。7.Whatistheauthor’

spurposeinwritingthepassage?A.Toprovideguidanceonleadingameaningfuladultlife.B.Tostresstheneedofshoulderingrespo

nsibilitiesatwork.C.Tostatetheimportanceofgeneratingmotivationforlearning.D.Tosuggestawayofpursuingexcellenceinourlifelongcareer.答

案A解析主旨大意题。本文讲述要成功,就需要不断地学习,这样的生活才更有意义,故本文作者的目的是指导我们过有意义的成年人的生活。Ⅳ.七选五主题语境:人与社会体裁:说明文FourSecretstoSteveJobs’SuccessHowi

sitthatacollegedropout,whowasoncekickedoutofhisowncompany,becameoneoftheworld’sforemostinnovators?CarmineGalloliststhefourwaysJobsmanagedtosucce

edinthefaceofdiscouragingcircumstances.1Dowhatyoulove,nomatterwhatithappenstobe.ThisiswhatJobstoldStanfordUniversitygraduatesinaspeechin2005.Gallos

aysthefamoustalkshowhostRachaelRayagreeswiththisadvice.RachaelRaydoeswhatsheloves.2Shedidthatbecauseshelovedcookin

g.Saynoto1,000things.SimplifyinghisbusinesswasthekeytoJobs’success,Gallosays.In1997,whenJobsreturnedtoApple,Applewasclosetobankruptcy(破产

).Hetook300productsandcondensedthemto10withinatwo-yearperiod.3Inhislatteryears,hedecidedhewouldwearthesamedressever

ydaysothathedidn’thavetothinkaboutit.Kick-start(启动)yourbrainbydoingsomethingnew.DoingnewthingshelpedJ

obs,inthewordsofApple’sownslogan,“Thinkdifferently.”TheinspirationfortheAppleStorecamefromtheFourSeasonsHotel

.That’swhywhenyouwalkintoanAppleStore,youwillnotfindacashier.4Walktothebackofthestoreandthere’sabar.Itdoesn’tservealcohol,butitcol

lectsadvice.5“ForJobs,itwasn’tjustaboutselling29millioniPadsthissummerbutentertainingthecustomersatthesame

time,”Gallosays.“Whetheryourunamulti-billiondollartechcompanyorapizzarestaurant,innovationmeanscreatinganewexperienceforyourcustomers,”Jobss

ays.A.Dowhatyouarecuriousabout.B.Createfreshexperiences.C.Instead,you’llfindadoorkeeper.D.CarmineGallosaysthatyoucandothesa

me.E.ShewasgivingcookinglessonsatMacy’sforfree.F.SimplicityalsoextendstoJobs’personallife.G.JobsexplainedthatiPadwasnotjustaphonebutalifesty

le.答案与解析【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文,介绍CarmineGallo列举了乔布斯面对困境,却依然成功的四个秘诀。1.D上一句“CarmineGallo列举了乔布斯面对困境,却依然成功的四个秘诀”。D选项,“你也可以从这

四方面做到”切题,该选项中的thesame与上文fourways对应。2.E本段的小标题建议人们做自己喜欢的事情,RachaelRay喜欢做饭,因此她免费教人们做饭。3.F根据后一句“在乔布斯后来的日子,

为了不必考虑穿什么,他每天只穿同一款式的衣服”可以得出本段的大概意思,乔布斯生活得简单。4.C上一句“这就是为什么当你走进苹果商店时,你遇见的不是收银员”,C项“相反,你会遇见迎宾员”与上一句形成对比关系,说明苹果商店的不一样,故选C项。5.B本段主要阐述乔布

斯的观点,无论是经营一家数十亿美元的科技公司,还是经营一家比萨店,都应该创新,给顾客创造新的体验。