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Unit4ScientistswhochangedtheworldSectionAWelcometotheunit&Reading必备知识基础练Ⅰ.用所给词的适当形式填空1.Ihavealready(pay)offthedebt,soIcantakeabreath.答案paid2.T

heman(intend)topayavisittotheoldmanchangedhismindatlast.答案intending3.Drugscanhaveboth(benefit)andharmfuleffectsona

thletes.答案beneficial4.Theanimals(limit)toacertainareaalldaysareeasytobecomeangry.答案limited5.Eachbookforth

echildreninthelibraryisbeautifully(illustrate).答案illustrated6.Thesurveys(conduct)bythescientistgroupgotaclearconcl

usionaboutthecase.答案conducted7.Unfortunately,theirvillagewashitbya(dead)diseaseinthelastcentury.答案deadly8.Ihopethis(wise)oftheChinesetraditionb

ringshealthandhappinesstomorefriends.答案wisdom9.Theparentsfindtheirson(isolate)himselffromtheoutsideworldbysurfingtheInternet.答案isola

ting10.Whenthe(contain)isfull,youcansucktherefreshmentoutthroughthetube.答案containerⅡ.完成句子1.传统也指那些已经发展并仍在

被创造的事物。Traditionalsothethingsthathavebeendevelopingandthatarestillbeingcreated.答案refersto2.这里冬天的天气冷得要命。Theweatherherei

nthewinteris.答案deadlycold3.人的生命是有限的,但为人民服务是无限的。Thereisalimittoone’slife,butservingthepeople.答案nolimitto4.考试已从六月推迟到七

月。TheexaminationJuneJuly.答案hasbeenpostponedfrom;to5.我想在旅行期间三本书就足够读了。Ithinkthreebooksreadingduringmytravel.答案willbesufficientfor6.他发现这种疗法对他的健康很有益。H

efoundthistreatmentveryhishealth.答案beneficialto7.有些人认为在动物身上做实验是残忍的。Somepersonsthinkit’scrueltoanimals.答案doexperimentson8.小女孩把脸靠在父亲宽阔的肩膀上,感到很安

全。Thelittlegirlputherfaceagainstherfather’sandfeltsafe.答案broadshoulder9.演讲将于明天下午在我们学校的报告厅举行。Thespeechistobemadeinourschooltomorrowaf

ternoon.答案lecturehall10.不愿意保持安静者将被逐出房间。Anypersonwhorefusestokeepsilentwilltheroom.答案beconductedoutof关键能力提升练Ⅲ.阅读理解A主题语境:人与社会体裁:说明文FemaleSci

entistsWhoHaveChangedtheWorldTherearestillhundredsofrelatively-unknownwomenwhohavechangedtheworldwiththeirres

earchthroughouthistory.TieraGuinnThis21-year-oldscientisthasn’tyetgraduatedfromcollege,butTieraGuinn’salre

adydoingrocketscience.TheMIT(麻省理工学院)seniorishelpingbuildarocketfortheUnitedStatesthatcouldbeoneofthebiggestandmo

stpowerfulevermade.She’sanaerospacemajorwithhighcreditpointswhoalsoworksasaRocketStructuralDesignandAnalysisEngineerfortheS

paceLaunchSystemthataerospacecompanyBoeingisbuildingfortheUS.ElizabethBlackwellElizabethBlackwell,whowasborninBristo

l,Englandin1821,wasthefirstwomantograduatefrommedicalschoolintheUnitedStates,becameanactivistforpoorAmericanwomen’shealth,andwen

tontofoundamedicalschoolforwomeninEngland.JaneGoodallThemostfamousprimate(灵长类)scientistinhistory,JaneGoodallwasknownforherworkwithc

himpsandasachampionofanimalrights.AndGoodallwasn’tjustworkinginalab;sheclimbedtreesandimitatedthebehaviourofchimpsinTanzaniatogaint

heirtrustandstudythemintheirnaturalhabitat.RachelCarsonInthe1960s,oneenvironmentalscientist’svoiceroseabovetheresttobecomecentraltoAmericanpolitic

s,culture,andforeignpolicy:RachelCarson’s.Herarticle,“SilentSpring”,warnedofthedangersofpesticides(农药)andchemicalstohu

mans,plants,andanimals,andwasalandmarkinthenation’senvironmentalhistory.【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了四位改变世界的女科学家。1.WhatisTiera

Guinn’sgreatestachievement?A.Sheenteredthebestuniversityoftheworld.B.Shehasbeenlearningthenewestrocketscience.C.Shehashelpedbuildabig

andpowerfulrocket.D.Sheisatopstudentemployedbyafamouscompany.答案C解析细节理解题。根据第二段中的“TheMITseniorishelpingbuildarocketfortheUnitedStatesthat

couldbeoneofthebiggestandmostpowerfulevermade.”可知,TieraGuinn最大的成就是帮助建造了美国有史以来最大、最强的火箭之一。2.WhatisElizabethBlackwellfamousforinhistory?A.Shewasthe

firstwomanwiththeadvancededucation.B.Shewasapioneerofthewomen’shealthintheUSandtheUK.C.Shefoundedthefirstwomen’sschoolint

heUnitedKingdom.D.ShewasthefirstwomantobeacceptedasanAmericancitizen.答案B解析细节理解题。根据第三段内容可知伊丽莎白·布莱克威尔1821年出生于英格兰的布里斯托尔,她是第一位从美国医学院毕业的女

性,后来成为关注美国贫困女性健康的活动家,并在英国成立了一所女子医学院。她是美国和英国妇女健康的先驱。3.Whomadeagreatcontributiontotheanimal-protectionmovement?A.TieraGuinn.B

.JaneGoodall.C.RachelCarson.D.ElizabethBlackwell.答案B解析细节理解题。倒数第二段中的“Themostfamousprimatescientistinhis

tory,JaneGoodallwasknownforherworkwithchimpsandasachampionofanimalrights.”可知珍·古德是历史上最著名的灵长类科学家,她以研究黑猩猩和维护动物权利而闻名,为动物保护运动做出了重大贡献。B主题语

境:人与社会体裁:议论文Wouldyoubetonthefutureofthisman?Heis53yearsold.Mostofhisadultlifehasbeenalosingstruggleagainstdebtandmisfortune.Awarinjuryhasmadehislefth

andstopfunctioning,andhehasoftenbeeninprison.Drivenbyheaven-knows-whatmotives,hedeterminestowriteabook.Thebookturnsouttobeonethat

hasappealedtotheworldformorethan350years.ThatformerprisonerwasCervantes,andthebookwasDonQuixote(《堂吉诃德》).Andthestoryposesaninterestingquestion:

Whydosomepeoplediscovernewvitalityandcreativitytotheendoftheirdays,whileothersgotoseedlongbefore?We’veallknownpeoplewhorunoutofsteambeforet

heyreachlife’shalfwaymark.I’mnottalkingaboutthosewhofailtogettothetop.Wecan’tallgetthere.I’mtalkingaboutpeoplew

hohavestoppedlearningongrowingbecausetheyhaveadoptedthefixedattitudesandopinionsthatalltoooftencomewit

hpassingyears.Mostofus,infact,progressivelynarrowthevarietyofourlives.Wesucceedinourfieldofspecializationandthenbecometrappedinit.Nothingsurprise

sus.Weloseoursenseofwonder.But,ifwearewillingtolearn,theopportunitiesareeverywhere.Thethingswelearninmaturityseldominvolveinformat

ionandskills.Welearntobearwiththethingswecan’tchange.Welearntoavoidself-pity.Welearnthathowevermuchwetrytoplease,somepeoplearenevergo

ingtoloveus—anideathattroublesatfirstbutiseventuallyrelaxing.Withhighmotivationandenthusiasm,wecankeeponlearning.Thenwewillknowhowimportan

titistohavemeaninginourlife.However,wecanachievemeaningonlyifwehavemadeacommitmenttosomethinglargerthanourownlittleegos(自我),whethertolovedones,tofel

lowhumans,towork,ortosomemoralconcept.Manyofusequate(视……等同于)“commitment”withsuch“caring”occupationsasteachinga

ndnursing.Butdoinganyordinaryjobaswellasonecanisinitselfanadmirablecommitment.Peoplewhoworktowardsuche

xcellence—whethertheyaredrivingatruck,orrunningastore—maketheworldbetterjustbybeingthekindofpeopletheyare.They’velearn

edlife’smostvaluablelesson.【语篇解读】本文是一篇议论文,讲述要成功,就需要不断学习,这样的生活才更有意义。4.ThepassagestartswiththestoryofCervantes

toshowthat.A.lossoffreedomstimulatesone’screativityB.ageisnotabarriertoachievingone’sgoalC.miseryinspiresamantofightagainsthisfateD

.disabilitycannotstopaman’spursuitofsuccess答案B解析推理判断题。第一段讲述塞万提斯一生不幸,负债累累,因为战争左手残疾,同时还身陷囹圄,在53岁的时候决定写书,最终写出成名作《堂吉诃德》。根

据后文可知,所有的困境都没有阻挡他的成功,年龄也是如此。5.WhatdoestheunderlinedpartinParagraph3probablymean?A.Endone’sstruggleforliberty.B.Wasteon

e’senergytakingrisks.C.Misstheopportunitytosucceed.D.Losetheinteresttocontinuelearning.答案D解析推理判断题。根据第三段中的“I’mtalkingaboutpeoplewhohavestoppedl

earningongrowingbecausetheyhaveadoptedthefixedattitudesandopinionsthatalltoooftencomewithpassingyears.”可知,作者谈论的不是那些没有到达巅峰的人,而是谈论那些不再学习

成长的人,故选D项。6.WhatcouldbeinferredfromParagraph4?A.Thosewhodaretotryoftengetthemselvestrapped.B.Thosewhotend

tothinkbackcanhardlygoahead.C.Opportunitiesfavourthosewithacuriousmind.D.Opportunitiesawaitthosewithacautiousmind.答案C解析推理判断题。根据第四段中的

“Weloseoursenseofwonder.But,ifwearewillingtolearn,theopportunitiesareeverywhere.”可知,机会总是留给那些有好奇心的人。7.Wha

tistheauthor’spurposeinwritingthepassage?A.Toprovideguidanceonleadingameaningfuladultlife.B.Tostresstheneedofshoulderingresponsibilitiesatwork.C.Tost

atetheimportanceofgeneratingmotivationforlearning.D.Tosuggestawayofpursuingexcellenceinourlifelongcareer.答案A解析主旨大意题。

本文讲述要成功,就需要不断地学习,这样的生活才更有意义,故本文作者的目的是指导我们过有意义的成年人的生活。Ⅳ.七选五主题语境:人与社会体裁:说明文FourSecretstoSteveJobs’SuccessHowisitthatacollegedropout,whowasoncekickedo

utofhisowncompany,becameoneoftheworld’sforemostinnovators?CarmineGalloliststhefourwaysJobsmanagedtosucceedinthe

faceofdiscouragingcircumstances.1Dowhatyoulove,nomatterwhatithappenstobe.ThisiswhatJobstoldStanfordUniversitygraduatesinaspee

chin2005.GallosaysthefamoustalkshowhostRachaelRayagreeswiththisadvice.RachaelRaydoeswhatsheloves.2Shedidthatbecausesh

elovedcooking.Saynoto1,000things.SimplifyinghisbusinesswasthekeytoJobs’success,Gallosays.In1997,whenJobsreturnedtoAppl

e,Applewasclosetobankruptcy(破产).Hetook300productsandcondensedthemto10withinatwo-yearperiod.3Inhislatteryears,h

edecidedhewouldwearthesamedresseverydaysothathedidn’thavetothinkaboutit.Kick-start(启动)yourbrainbydoingsomethingnew.DoingnewthingshelpedJobs,in

thewordsofApple’sownslogan,“Thinkdifferently.”TheinspirationfortheAppleStorecamefromtheFourSeasonsHotel.That’swhywhenyouwalkintoanAppleStore,you

willnotfindacashier.4Walktothebackofthestoreandthere’sabar.Itdoesn’tservealcohol,butitcollectsadvice.5“ForJobs,itwasn’tjust

aboutselling29millioniPadsthissummerbutentertainingthecustomersatthesametime,”Gallosays.“Whetheryourunamulti-billiondollartechcompanyorapizzar

estaurant,innovationmeanscreatinganewexperienceforyourcustomers,”Jobssays.A.Dowhatyouarecuriousabout.B.Createfreshexperiences.C.Instead,you’llfin

dadoorkeeper.D.CarmineGallosaysthatyoucandothesame.E.ShewasgivingcookinglessonsatMacy’sforfree.F.SimplicityalsoextendstoJobs’personallife.G.J

obsexplainedthatiPadwasnotjustaphonebutalifestyle.答案与解析【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文,介绍CarmineGallo列举了乔布斯面对困境,却依然成功的四个秘诀。1.D上一句“

CarmineGallo列举了乔布斯面对困境,却依然成功的四个秘诀”。D选项,“你也可以从这四方面做到”切题,该选项中的thesame与上文fourways对应。2.E本段的小标题建议人们做自己喜欢的事情,RachaelRay喜欢做饭,因此她免

费教人们做饭。3.F根据后一句“在乔布斯后来的日子,为了不必考虑穿什么,他每天只穿同一款式的衣服”可以得出本段的大概意思,乔布斯生活得简单。4.C上一句“这就是为什么当你走进苹果商店时,你遇见的不是收银员”,C项“相反,你会遇见迎宾员”与上一句形成对比关系,说明苹果商店的不一样,故选C项。5.B本

段主要阐述乔布斯的观点,无论是经营一家数十亿美元的科技公司,还是经营一家比萨店,都应该创新,给顾客创造新的体验。