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考点分类练(八)主旨大意题——标题归纳类A(2022·全国乙卷)Canasmallgroupofdrones(无人机)guaranteethesafetyandreliabilityofrailwaysand,atthesametime,helpr

ailwayoperatorssavebillionsofeuroseachyear?Thatistheverylikelyfutureofapplyingtoday’s“eyesinthesky”technologytomakingsurethatth

emillionsofkilometresofrailtracksandinfrastructure(基础设施)worldwidearesafefortrainsona24/7basis.Dronesa

realreadybeingusedtoexaminehigh-tensionelectricallines.Theycoulddopreciselythesamethingtoinspectrailwaylinesandothervita

laspectsofrailinfrastructuresuchasthecorrectpositionofrailwaytracksandswitchingpoints.Themoreregularlytheycanbeinspected

,themorerailwaysafety,reliabilityandon-timeperformancewillbeimproved.Costswouldbecutandoperationswouldbemoreefficie

nt(高效)acrosstheboard.Thatincludeshugesavingsinmaintenancecostsandbetterprotectionofrailwaypersonnelsafety.Itiscalculatedthat

Europeanrailwaysalonespendapproximately20billioneurosayearonmaintenance,includingsendingmaintenancestaff,oftenatnight,toinspectandr

epairtherailinfrastructure.Thatcanbedangerousworkthatcouldbeavoidedwithdronesassistingthecrews’efforts.Byusingthelatesttechnologies,dronescoulda

lsostartprovidinghigher-valueservicesforrailways,detectingfaultsintherailorswitches,beforetheycancauseanysa

fetyproblems.Toperformthesetasks,dronesforraildon’tneedtobeflyingoverhead.Engineersarenowworkingonanewconcept:theraildr

onesofthefuture.Theywillbemovingonthetrackaheadofthetrain,andprogrammedtorunautonomously.Verysmalldroneswithadv

ancedsensorsandAIandtravellingaheadofthetraincouldguideitlikeaco-pilot.Withtheirabilitytoseeahead,theycouldsignalanyproblem,sotha

tfast-movingtrainswouldbeabletoreactintime.1.Whatmakestheapplicationofdronestoraillinespossible?A.Theuseofdronesincheckingonpowerlines.B.

Drones’abilitytoworkathighaltitudes.C.Thereductionofcostindesigningdrones.D.Drones’reliableperformancein

remoteareas.2.Whatdoes“maintenance”underlinedinparagraph3referto?A.Personnelsafety.B.Assistancefromdrones.C.I

nspectionandrepair.D.Constructionofinfrastructure.3.Whatfunctionisexpectedoftheraildrones?A.Toprovideearlywarning.B.Tomaketrainsrunaut

omatically.C.Toearnprofitsforthecrews.D.Toacceleratetransportation.4.Whichisthemostsuitabletitleforthetext?A.WhatFaultsCanBeDetecte

dwithDronesB.HowProductionofDronesCanBeExpandedC.WhatDifficultyDroneDevelopmentWillFaceD.HowDronesWillChangetheFutureofRa

ilwaysB(2021·山东烟台一模)Manyteachersbelievefrequentquizzes(小测验)helpstudentsbettergraspclassroommaterial.Crede,anass

ociateprofessorofpsychology,wasskepticalthatsomethingassimpleasaquizcouldpositivelyaffectstudents’academicperf

ormance.Hedecidedtodigdeeperandconductananalyticstudyofexistingresearchtoseeiftherewasanyproofoftheidea.Whathediscoveredtrulysurprise

dhim.Credeanalyseddatafrompreviouslypublishedstudiesthatexamined52classeswithalmost8,000students,todetermineiffrequentquizzes

improvedthestudents’academicperformance.LaboratorysettingswerekeptoutofthestudybecauseCredewantedtoobse

rvewhethersimilarstudiesfromlabswouldapplytogeneralclassrooms.Credediscoveredthatwhenstudentswerequizzedoverclassroommaterialatleastonceaweek,theyt

endedtoperformbetteronmidtermandfinalexamscomparedtostudentswhodidnottakequizzes.Healsofoundthatstudentswhotookfrequentqu

izzeswerelesslikelytofailtheclass,especiallyiftheywerestrugglingwiththecoursecontent.Studentswhostruggledthemostinac

lassseemedtobenefitthegreatestfromfrequentquizzes.Theothersurprisingthingwashowmuchquizzeshelpedreducefailureratesinclasses.Thech

ancesofpassingaclasswentthroughtheroofwhereinstructorsusedthis.Inadditiontoquizfrequency,anotherfacto

rthatseemedtopositivelyaffectstudents’performancewasimmediatefeedbackfrominstructors.Also,quizzesthatrequiredstudentstoanswerwithwrittenresponse

sprovedmorebeneficialtotheirunderstandingofclassroommaterialcomparedtomultiple-choicequestions.Askingteacherstogradewri

ttenquizzesdailyorweeklymaydiscouragesomefromcarryingthemoutintheirclasses.Instead,itisrecommendedthatins

tructorsgiveonlinequizzesthatcanbeautomaticallygradedbyacoursemanagementsystem.Quizattributes(属性)provedinsignificantinthestudy,includingw

hetherthetestswerepopquizzesorplanned,oriftheywereonlineoronpaper.5.WhatdidCrededotoensurehisstudy’saccuracy?A.Hefocusedonwhathappenedinclassrooms.B

.Heresearchedasmanystudentsashecould.C.Hemadelaboratorysettingsasrealaspossible.D.Hegaveeasyquizzestomakeeverystudentdowell.6.WhatdidCr

edediscoverinhisstudy?A.Frequentquizzescouldremovestudents’failureinclasses.B.Instructors’feedbackwasmoreimport

antthanfrequentquizzes.C.Frequentquizzeswereespeciallyusefultothestrugglingstudents.D.Multiple-choicequestionsshouldn’tbe

includedinfrequentquizzes.7.Whatmaybeadisadvantageoffrequentquizzesforteachers?A.AccessingtheInternetlessfrequently.B.Havingto

omanyexampaperstomark.C.Beingunabletogetappropriatetestmaterial.D.Findingithardtochoosetherighttype.8.Whichofthefollow

ingcanbethebesttitleforthetext?A.QuizzesStimulateaPassionforCreationB.QuizzesImproveAcademicPerformanceC.QuizzesCreateaHeavyBurdenD.QuizzesIncreaseB

oredomC(2021·安徽安庆高三二模)Becomingaparentbringsoutthebestinmanyanimals.Althoughparentingisusuallylefttothe

females,themalesfrommanyspecieswillalsocarefortheoffspring.Takeanemonefish(海葵鱼)forexample.Despitetheirsmallersize,themaleshelpthefemale

sdefendthenest,butonlythemalestakecareofit.Theyusetheirfinsasfanstoprovideaconstantflowofoxygenandkeepthe

surroundingsclean.Theyalsoputalotofeffortintothenest.Theeggstakeaboutfivedaystohatch.Duringthisimportantperiod,themalesfanthemtoprovideoxygena

ndremovetherubbish.Theyalsopickuptheeggsintheirmouthsandmovethemaroundtoremoveanybacteria.Oneofthebiggestthreatscomesfromfemalesticklebacks(刺鱼),whofo

rmorganisedgroupsandattacktheneststoeatalltheeggs.Themalesdefendthenewbornfishandbringbacktheoneswhomovetoofarfromthenest.Oncethefish

growup,theybecomealittlebitmoreindependentandstarttoswimaway.Thedadswimsafterthem,picksthemupinhismouth,andspitsthembackinto

hisnest.Eventually,hegetstothepointwherehecan’tkeeptrackofthemandthat’swhentheyseparate.Doting(宠爱的)fathersarenotrestrictedtotheworldoffish.Insomef

rogspecies,thedadsalsowarnthemumswhentheyoungonesarehungryandneedtobefed.9.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“off

spring”inparagraph1probablymean?A.Children.B.Relatives.C.Friends.D.Colleagues.10.Whatcanweinferaboutthemaleanemonefish?A

.Theytakefullresponsibilityforbuildingthenest.B.Theyaremuchlargerthanthefemaleanemonefish.C.Theyareactuallyextremelyexcellentfathers.D.Th

eyfrequentlymakeattacksonotheranimals.11.Whatdoesitmeanwhenthedadcan’ttrackitsyoungfish?A.Thedadcan’ttendtotheyo

ungfish.B.Theyoungfisharealreadyindependent.C.Thelivingenvironmentisworse.D.Thedadisinastateofaging.12.Whatcanbethebest

titleforthetext?A.TheModelFatherintheAnimalKingdomB.TheNewRoleoftheMaleAnemoneFishC.TheReallyCaringCaregiversinLifeD.AStrangePhenomenoni

nNature考点分类练(八)主旨大意题——标题归纳类【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了无人机的各种优势、对铁路系统做出的诸多贡献以及未来的应用方向。1.A解析细节理解题。根据第二段第一句可知,无人机目前正在被用来检查高压电线,这使得它将被应用于铁路系统成为可能。故

选A项。2.C解析词义猜测题。根据第三段中的“...toinspectandrepairtherailinfrastructure.”可以推断出,画线单词指的就是“维修,维护”。故选C项。3.A解析细节理解题。根据最后一段

的第一句和最后一句可知,人们期盼铁路无人机在未来能够提供预先警报,确保列车能及时应对问题,从而提高安全系数。故选A项。4.D解析标题归纳题。通读全文内容可知,文章主要介绍了无人机目前的应用范围以及未来在铁路方面的应用方向,因此“无人机将如何改变铁路的未来”最能概括文章内容。故

选D项。【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章提到一项研究发现,经常进行小测验会对学生的成绩有积极的影响。5.A解析细节理解题。根据第二段的“Laboratorysettingswerekeptoutofthe

studybecauseCredewantedtoobservewhethersimilarstudiesfromlabswouldapplytogeneralclassrooms.”可知,为确保研究的准确性,Crede排除了

实验室环境下的研究资料,而关注学生在课堂上的表现。故选A项。6.C解析细节理解题。根据第三段的“Healsofoundthatstudentswhotookfrequentquizzeswereless

likelytofailtheclass,especiallyiftheywerestrugglingwiththecoursecontent.Studentswhostruggledthemostinaclassseemedtobenefi

tthegreatestfromfrequentquizzes.”可知,频繁的小测验对那些学习有困难的学生尤其有用。故选C项。7.B解析推理判断题。根据最后一段的“Askingteacherstogradewrittenquizzesdailyorwee

klymaydiscouragesomefromcarryingthemoutintheirclasses.”可知,要求老师每天或每周给笔试打分而产生的工作量可能会阻碍一些老师在课堂上实施这些做法。故选B项。8.B解析标题归纳题。根据第一段的“Hedecidedtodigdeeper

andconductananalyticstudyofexistingresearchtoseeiftherewasanyproofoftheidea.”和第三段的“Credediscoveredthatwhenstudentswerequizzedov

erclassroommaterialatleastonceaweek,theytendedtoperformbetteronmidtermandfinalexamscomparedtostudentswhodidnottakequizzes.”可知,本文主要讲述了Crede通过研究证明,经常进行

小测验会对学生成绩有积极的影响,因此B项是最佳标题。故选B项。【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章以雄性海葵鱼为例,讲述了有的雄性动物也会不遗余力地照顾后代。9.A解析词义猜测题。根据画线词前一句“Althoughparentingisusually

lefttothefemales,themalesfrommanyspecieswillalsocarefortheoffspring.”可推测,画线词意为“后代,孩子”。故选A项。