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考点分类练(九)主旨大意题——段落大意类A(2021·山东淄博高三三模)For30yearswehavebeentoldhowtemperatureshavebeenrisingrapidlytotheunheard-oflev

el.Thisiscausingpolaricetomelt,sealeveltoriseandhasbroughtaboutadangerousincreaseinextremeweatherevents.Theseintensechangeswouldlikelypresent

challengestooursocietyandenvironment.Thecausesofclimatechangearemainlyanthropogenic(人类活动引起的)innature.Sincetheindustrialrevolution,humanactivitie

shaveincreasedtheamountofgreenhousegasesintheatmosphere.Theincreasedamountofgaseswhichabsorbheathasledtomoreheatbeing

keptintheatmosphere,causingglobalwarming.Thecertaintyofglobalwarmingcanbeseenthroughsomeofthenaturalphenomenaliketheeffectoncropsand

extremeweatherconditionsaroundtheworld.Therecentassessmentreportsaysthattheearth’saveragetemperatureha

srisenby0.74degreesfrom1906to2005,andthattheaveragetemperaturewillcontinuetorise.Therehavealsobeenmoreviolen

tdownpours,andtheiceattheworld’spolesandonitsmountainsismelting.Therisingsealevelisfloodingthelow-lyingcountriesinAsiaandsma

llislandsinthePacific.Thismayleadtothedisplacementofmillionsofpeople,lossofmillionsoflandandconsequentlybillionsofdollars.Troubledbytheserioussituat

ion,worldleaderscametogetherforthe2015UnitedNations(UN)ClimateChangeConferenceinParis.Theclimatetalksledto

196countriesreachingalandmarkagreementthatcommittednearlyeverycountrytoloweringplanet-warminggreenhousegasemissionstoaddressglobalclimatechange.Th

atwascertainlyanencouragingstepforourearthandmankind!Astheworldleaderscontinuetocommitthemselvestomonitoroursickplanet,weneedtocontinuetotakesm

allstepstohealtheworld.Wedon’thavemuchchoice.IfonlywecouldjustpackourbagsandmigratetoMars!1.Whatdoesparagraph2mainlytalkabout?A.Thei

nformationofindustrialrevolution.B.Thegreenhousegasesintheatmosphere.C.Thereasonsofclimatechange.D.Theresultofextremew

eatherevents.2.Whatcanweinferfromthelastparagraph?A.Wehavemadegreatachievements.B.Somemeasuresarestillrequiredtot

ake.C.Marsissuitableforpeople’sliving.D.Somecountrieswillreceiveurgentaid.3.Whichofthefollowingshowsthestructureofthewholetext

?(P:Paragraph)BEatingchocolateatleastonceaweekcouldputoffaheartattack,accordingtoanewresearch.Chocolateispa

ckedwithplantchemicalsthatweakeninflammation(炎症)andhelpbloodflow,explainedscientists.LeadauthorDrChayakritKrittanawongsaid,“Ourstudysuggestscho

colatehelpskeeptheheart’sbloodvesselshealthy.”Itcollecteddatafromsixtrialsthatexaminedthelinkoverthepastfivedecades.Atotalof336,289peoplereporte

dtheirintake.Thosewhoatechocolatemorethanonceaweekreducedtheirriskofcoronaryartery(冠状动脉)diseasebyeightpercent.Thisw

ascomparedtopeerswhoateitlessthanonceaweek.Chocolateisknowntoproducethesamechemicalinthebrainasfallinginlove.DrKrittanawongsaid,“Chocolatecontain

shealthynutrientssuchasflavonoids(类黄酮),polyphenolsandstearicacidwhichmayreduceinflammation.”KnownmedicallyasHDL(high-densitylipoprotein)(高密度脂蛋白

),ithelpstoridLDL(low-densitylipoprotein)outofthebody.Whenthiscollects,itcausesvesselsandarteriestobecomeblockedup.Itcanstopbloodflowtotheheart

orbrain,causingaheartattackorstroke.DrKrittanawongsaid,“Inthepast,clinicalstudieshaveshownchocolateisbeneficialforbloodpressure

.”Darkchocolatehaslongbeenknowntohavehealthbenefitsbutrecentresearchhassuggestedmilkchocolatemayalsoprovidevaluablenutrientstotheheart.D

rKrittanawongpointedouthisstudydidnotinvestigatewhetheranyparticulartypeofchocolatewasmorebeneficial—oriftherewasa

nidealportionsize.Hesaid,“Chocolateappearspromisingforthepreventionofcoronaryarterydisease.Butmoreresearchisneededtoshowhowmuchand

whatkindofchocolatecouldberecommended.”Whileit’snotclearhowmuchisperfect,DrKrittanawongwarnedpeopleagainstov

ereating.Hesaid,“Moderateamountsofchocolateseemtoprotectcoronaryarteriesbutit’slikelythatlargequantitiesdonot.”4.Wha

tdoesparagraph2mainlytalkabout?A.Theresultofthestudy.B.Theprocessofthestudy.C.Theparticipantsofthestudy.D.Theintentionofthestudy.5.Whichofthefollowi

ngcanprobablypreventbloodflow?A.Aheartattack.B.Astroke.C.High-densitylipoprotein.D.Low-densitylipoprotein.6.Whatdoestherecentstudytellus?A

.Chocolateisgoodforbloodpressure.B.Darkchocolateisbeneficialforhealth.C.Milkchocolatemayalsobenefittheheart.D.Chocolatecon

tainsspecialplantchemicals.7.What’sDrKrittanawong’sattitudetowardschocolate’spreventingcoronaryarterydisease?A.Indifferent.B.Hopef

ul.C.Negative.D.Uncertain.CFewpeoplerealisethatittakesmanyvolunteersforoneyoungchildtohaveahalf-hourridinglesson.IvolunteeratValleyTh

erapeuticEquestrianAssociation(VTEA),closetotheWashingtonStateborder.Ittakesafewpaidstaffandanarmyofvolunteers—approximatel

yeighty—totakecareofadozenhorsesandhelpwitheightyormorechildrenduringtheweek.Thereisalargebarntoclean,andhaynetsandwaterbucketstobrush

andfill.Specificfeedsforeachhorsemustbepreparedtwicedaily...Thelistisendless.Toprepareahorseforaride,someonehastobringitinfromtheoutsi

de,attimessinkingintoinchesofblack,stickymudduringthewintermonths.Usually,twovolunteersgroom(刷洗;梳毛)thehorseandpu

tonthespecialsaddle.Thentheyleadthehorsetowherethelessontakesplace.There,onevolunteerleadsthehorse,andusuallytwowalkalongsideforsafet

y,oneoneachside.Thenthehorsemustbereturnedtothebarn,unsaddled,cleanedandfed.Yetsomanypeoplewillinglygivetheirtime—becausethechildre

nneedus.Ranginginagefromtwoupwards,thechildrenhavevaryingdegreesofmentaldisabilities.Somehaveseverephysicaldisabilities.Ridingstrengthenstheirmuscles

andbones,enablingthemtoenjoyamorefruitfullife.Throughoutmypastlifeasanaccountant,abusinessauthorandspeaker,Ivolunteeredinmanyfieldsandmanyo

rganisations.However,aterriblemotor-vehicleaccidentchangedmylifeinasplitsecondwhenmycarwashit—aswasmyhead—causingseverebraininjury.Itwashardtoac

ceptanew“me”,untilIdiscoveredthatIneededtodosomethingthatIhaveapassionfor.Ilovehorses,andworkingwiththemandwiththechil

drenhashelpedturnmylifearound.Thejourneybackhasbeenpainfulbutworthwhile.Now,fourteenyearslater,Iamadifferentperson.8.Whatisthemainideao

fparagraph2?A.Horsesforridinglessonsarecaredforcarefully.B.Horse-ridinglessonsbringchildrenmanybenefits.C.Voluntee

rshavemuchtodoforahorse-ridinglesson.D.Disabledchildrenaretaughthorse-ridinginadifferentway.9.Whatdoestheauthorthinkofhervo

luntaryworkinVTEA?A.Riskyandthrilling.B.Tiringbutworthwhile.C.Funnyandenjoyable.D.Demandingbutfruitless.10.Whatcanbeinferredaboutthea

uthorfromthelastparagraph?A.Theaccidenttransformedherthoroughly.B.Volunteeringhasbroughtherawin-winresult.C.She’sneverrecoveredfromtheinjur

y.D.Shewasn’tinterestedinvoluntaryworkbefore.11.Whatcouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?A.HelpingChildreninNeedB.Survivi

ngtheBrainInjuryC.Volunteering:AJourneyBackD.Horse-riding:AHardLesson考点分类练(九)主旨大意题——段落大意类【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了全球气候变化的原因、对人类社会和环境造

成的影响,以及各国应对全球气候变化所采取的措施和取得的成效。1.C解析段落大意题。根据第二段的“Thecausesofclimatechangearemainlyanthropogenicinnature.”可知,本段主要讲述气候变化的原因。故选C项。2.B解析推理判断题。根据最后一段的

“Astheworldleaderscontinuetocommitthemselvestomonitoroursickplanet,weneedtocontinuetotakesmallstepstohealtheworld.”可知

,还需要采取一些措施来治愈地球。故选B项。3.D解析推理判断题。第一段总述全球气候变化很大,对人类社会和环境造成很大影响;第二段讲述气候变化的原因;第三段用具体数据和事例讲述气候变化对人类社会造成的影响。由此可知,第二段和第三段是对第一段内容从两个方面的阐述,因而前三段行文结构是“总—分—分”

;第四段主要讲述各国采取措施应对全球气候变化,因而前三段和第四段之间是顺承递进的关系;第五段讲述尽管已经取得一定的成效,但是各国仍需继续努力。由此可知,第五段是对第四段内容的进一步补充说明,所以第四段和第五段是并列关系。综上所述,D项符合文章的整体结构。故选D项

。【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。一项新的研究表明,适量食用巧克力有助于减轻炎症,促进血液流动,利于身体健康。4.A解析段落大意题。根据第二段的“Ourstudysuggestschocolatehel

pskeeptheheart’sbloodvesselshealthy.”和“Thosewhoatechocolatemorethanonceaweekreducedtheirriskofcoronaryarterydiseasebyeightperc

ent.Thiswascomparedtopeerswhoateitlessthanonceaweek.”可知,本段主要介绍了Krittanawong博士新的研究结果。故选A项。5.D解析细节理解题。根据第四段的“

KnownmedicallyasHDL(high-densitylipoprotein),ithelpstoridLDL(low-densitylipoprotein)outofthebody.Whent

hiscollects,itcausesvesselsandarteriestobecomeblockedup.Itcanstopbloodflowtotheheartorbrain,causingaheartattackorstroke.”可知,当低密度脂蛋白聚集的时候,它会造成动脉血管

堵塞,从而阻碍通往心脏或大脑的血液流通,最终造成心脏病发作或中风。故选D项。6.C解析细节理解题。根据第五段的“...butrecentresearchhassuggestedmilkchocolatemayalsoprovidevaluablenutrientstotheheart

.”可知,最近的研究表明,牛奶巧克力也能为心脏提供有价值的营养物质,即牛奶巧克力可能对心脏也有好处。故选C项。7.B解析推理判断题。根据第五段的“Chocolateappearspromisingforthepreventionofcoronaryart

erydisease.”可知,Krittanawong博士对“巧克力预防冠状动脉疾病的作用”是“充满希望的”。故选B项。【语篇导读】本文是一篇记叙文。作者在经历一场严重车祸后造成了脑部损伤,但她通过照顾马并帮助孩子们骑

马这类的志愿者工作找回了自己。8.C解析段落大意题。根据第二段的“Toprepareahorseforaride,someonehastobringitinfromtheoutside,...twovolunteersgroom

thehorseandputonthespecialsaddle.Thentheyleadthehorsetowhere...There,onevolunteerleadsthehorse,andusuallytwowalkalongsideforsafety...T

henthehorsemustbereturnedtothebarn,unsaddled,cleanedandfed.”这些信息可知,本段主要讲述了志愿者要为骑马课程做很多工作。故选C项。