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考点分类练(九)主旨大意题——段落大意类A(2021·山东淄博高三三模)For30yearswehavebeentoldhowtemperatureshavebeenrisingrapidlytotheunheard-oflevel.Thisiscausingpolaricetomelt,

sealeveltoriseandhasbroughtaboutadangerousincreaseinextremeweatherevents.Theseintensechangeswouldlikelypresentchallengestooursocietyandenvi

ronment.Thecausesofclimatechangearemainlyanthropogenic(人类活动引起的)innature.Sincetheindustrialrevolution,humanactivitieshaveincreasedthe

amountofgreenhousegasesintheatmosphere.Theincreasedamountofgaseswhichabsorbheathasledtomoreheatbeingkeptintheatmosphere,causi

ngglobalwarming.Thecertaintyofglobalwarmingcanbeseenthroughsomeofthenaturalphenomenaliketheeffectoncropsandextremew

eatherconditionsaroundtheworld.Therecentassessmentreportsaysthattheearth’saveragetemperaturehasrisenby0.74degrees

from1906to2005,andthattheaveragetemperaturewillcontinuetorise.Therehavealsobeenmoreviolentdownpours,andtheicea

ttheworld’spolesandonitsmountainsismelting.Therisingsealevelisfloodingthelow-lyingcountriesinAsiaand

smallislandsinthePacific.Thismayleadtothedisplacementofmillionsofpeople,lossofmillionsoflandandconsequentlybillionsofdollars.Troubledbythese

rioussituation,worldleaderscametogetherforthe2015UnitedNations(UN)ClimateChangeConferenceinParis.Theclimatetalksledto196countriesreachinga

landmarkagreementthatcommittednearlyeverycountrytoloweringplanet-warminggreenhousegasemissionstoaddressglobalclimatechange.T

hatwascertainlyanencouragingstepforourearthandmankind!Astheworldleaderscontinuetocommitthemselvestomonitor

oursickplanet,weneedtocontinuetotakesmallstepstohealtheworld.Wedon’thavemuchchoice.IfonlywecouldjustpackourbagsandmigratetoMars!1.Wha

tdoesparagraph2mainlytalkabout?A.Theinformationofindustrialrevolution.B.Thegreenhousegasesintheatmosphere.C.There

asonsofclimatechange.D.Theresultofextremeweatherevents.2.Whatcanweinferfromthelastparagraph?A.Wehavemadegreat

achievements.B.Somemeasuresarestillrequiredtotake.C.Marsissuitableforpeople’sliving.D.Somecountrieswillreceiveurgentaid.3.Whichofthefollow

ingshowsthestructureofthewholetext?(P:Paragraph)BEatingchocolateatleastonceaweekcouldputoffaheartattack,accordingtoanewresearch.Chocolateispackedwit

hplantchemicalsthatweakeninflammation(炎症)andhelpbloodflow,explainedscientists.LeadauthorDrChayakritKr

ittanawongsaid,“Ourstudysuggestschocolatehelpskeeptheheart’sbloodvesselshealthy.”Itcollecteddatafromsixtrialsthatexa

minedthelinkoverthepastfivedecades.Atotalof336,289peoplereportedtheirintake.Thosewhoatechocolatemorethanonceaweekreducedtheirriskofcoronarya

rtery(冠状动脉)diseasebyeightpercent.Thiswascomparedtopeerswhoateitlessthanonceaweek.Chocolateisknowntoproducethesamechemicali

nthebrainasfallinginlove.DrKrittanawongsaid,“Chocolatecontainshealthynutrientssuchasflavonoids(类黄酮),polyphenolsandstearicac

idwhichmayreduceinflammation.”KnownmedicallyasHDL(high-densitylipoprotein)(高密度脂蛋白),ithelpstoridLDL(low-densitylipoprotein)out

ofthebody.Whenthiscollects,itcausesvesselsandarteriestobecomeblockedup.Itcanstopbloodflowtotheheartorbrain,causingaheartattackor

stroke.DrKrittanawongsaid,“Inthepast,clinicalstudieshaveshownchocolateisbeneficialforbloodpressure.”Dark

chocolatehaslongbeenknowntohavehealthbenefitsbutrecentresearchhassuggestedmilkchocolatemayalsoprovideval

uablenutrientstotheheart.DrKrittanawongpointedouthisstudydidnotinvestigatewhetheranyparticulartypeofchocolatewasmorebeneficial—oriftherew

asanidealportionsize.Hesaid,“Chocolateappearspromisingforthepreventionofcoronaryarterydisease.Butmoreresearchisneededtoshowhowmuchan

dwhatkindofchocolatecouldberecommended.”Whileit’snotclearhowmuchisperfect,DrKrittanawongwarnedpeopleagainstovere

ating.Hesaid,“Moderateamountsofchocolateseemtoprotectcoronaryarteriesbutit’slikelythatlargequantitiesdonot.”4.

Whatdoesparagraph2mainlytalkabout?A.Theresultofthestudy.B.Theprocessofthestudy.C.Theparticipantsofthestudy.D.Theintentionofthestudy.5.Whichofthe

followingcanprobablypreventbloodflow?A.Aheartattack.B.Astroke.C.High-densitylipoprotein.D.Low-densitylipoprotein.6.Whatdoestherecentst

udytellus?A.Chocolateisgoodforbloodpressure.B.Darkchocolateisbeneficialforhealth.C.Milkchocolatemayalsobenefittheheart.D.Chocolatecon

tainsspecialplantchemicals.7.What’sDrKrittanawong’sattitudetowardschocolate’spreventingcoronaryarterydisease?A.Indi

fferent.B.Hopeful.C.Negative.D.Uncertain.CFewpeoplerealisethatittakesmanyvolunteersforoneyoungchildtohaveahalf-hourridinglesson.Ivolunteera

tValleyTherapeuticEquestrianAssociation(VTEA),closetotheWashingtonStateborder.Ittakesafewpaidstaffandanarmyofvolunteers—approximatelyeighty

—totakecareofadozenhorsesandhelpwitheightyormorechildrenduringtheweek.Thereisalargebarntoclean,andhaynetsandwaterbucketstobru

shandfill.Specificfeedsforeachhorsemustbepreparedtwicedaily...Thelistisendless.Toprepareahorseforaride,someonehastob

ringitinfromtheoutside,attimessinkingintoinchesofblack,stickymudduringthewintermonths.Usually,twovol

unteersgroom(刷洗;梳毛)thehorseandputonthespecialsaddle.Thentheyleadthehorsetowherethelessontakesplace.Th

ere,onevolunteerleadsthehorse,andusuallytwowalkalongsideforsafety,oneoneachside.Thenthehorsemustbereturnedtothebarn,unsa

ddled,cleanedandfed.Yetsomanypeoplewillinglygivetheirtime—becausethechildrenneedus.Ranginginagefromtwoup

wards,thechildrenhavevaryingdegreesofmentaldisabilities.Somehaveseverephysicaldisabilities.Ridingstrengthenstheirmusclesandbo

nes,enablingthemtoenjoyamorefruitfullife.Throughoutmypastlifeasanaccountant,abusinessauthorandspeaker,Iv

olunteeredinmanyfieldsandmanyorganisations.However,aterriblemotor-vehicleaccidentchangedmylifeinasplitsecondwhenmycarwashit—aswasmyhead—ca

usingseverebraininjury.Itwashardtoacceptanew“me”,untilIdiscoveredthatIneededtodosomethingthatIhaveapassionfor.Ilovehorses,an

dworkingwiththemandwiththechildrenhashelpedturnmylifearound.Thejourneybackhasbeenpainfulbutworthwhile.Now,fourteenyearslater,

Iamadifferentperson.8.Whatisthemainideaofparagraph2?A.Horsesforridinglessonsarecaredforcarefully.B.Horse-ridinglessonsbringchildrenmanybenefits

.C.Volunteershavemuchtodoforahorse-ridinglesson.D.Disabledchildrenaretaughthorse-ridinginadifferentway.

9.WhatdoestheauthorthinkofhervoluntaryworkinVTEA?A.Riskyandthrilling.B.Tiringbutworthwhile.C.Funnyandenjoyable.D.Demandingbutfruitless.10.Whatcanbein

ferredabouttheauthorfromthelastparagraph?A.Theaccidenttransformedherthoroughly.B.Volunteeringhasbroughthe

rawin-winresult.C.She’sneverrecoveredfromtheinjury.D.Shewasn’tinterestedinvoluntaryworkbefore.11.Whatcouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?A.HelpingC

hildreninNeedB.SurvivingtheBrainInjuryC.Volunteering:AJourneyBackD.Horse-riding:AHardLesson考点分类练(九)主旨大意题——段落大意

类【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了全球气候变化的原因、对人类社会和环境造成的影响,以及各国应对全球气候变化所采取的措施和取得的成效。1.C解析段落大意题。根据第二段的“Thecausesofclimatechange

aremainlyanthropogenicinnature.”可知,本段主要讲述气候变化的原因。故选C项。2.B解析推理判断题。根据最后一段的“Astheworldleaderscontinuetocommitthemselvestomonitorours

ickplanet,weneedtocontinuetotakesmallstepstohealtheworld.”可知,还需要采取一些措施来治愈地球。故选B项。3.D解析推理判断题。第一段总述全球气候变化很大,对人类社会和环境造成很大影响;第二段讲述气候变

化的原因;第三段用具体数据和事例讲述气候变化对人类社会造成的影响。由此可知,第二段和第三段是对第一段内容从两个方面的阐述,因而前三段行文结构是“总—分—分”;第四段主要讲述各国采取措施应对全球气候变化,因而前三段和第四段之间是顺承递进的关系;第五段讲述尽管已经取得一定的成效,但是各国仍需继续

努力。由此可知,第五段是对第四段内容的进一步补充说明,所以第四段和第五段是并列关系。综上所述,D项符合文章的整体结构。故选D项。【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。一项新的研究表明,适量食用巧克力有助于减轻炎症,促进血液流动,利于身体健康。4.A解析段落大意题。根据第二段的“Ou

rstudysuggestschocolatehelpskeeptheheart’sbloodvesselshealthy.”和“Thosewhoatechocolatemorethanonceaweekreducedtheirriskofcoronaryarter

ydiseasebyeightpercent.Thiswascomparedtopeerswhoateitlessthanonceaweek.”可知,本段主要介绍了Krittanawong博士新的研究结果。

故选A项。5.D解析细节理解题。根据第四段的“KnownmedicallyasHDL(high-densitylipoprotein),ithelpstoridLDL(low-densitylipoprot

ein)outofthebody.Whenthiscollects,itcausesvesselsandarteriestobecomeblockedup.Itcanstopbloodflowtotheheartorbrain,causingaheartattackorstroke.”可知,当低密

度脂蛋白聚集的时候,它会造成动脉血管堵塞,从而阻碍通往心脏或大脑的血液流通,最终造成心脏病发作或中风。故选D项。6.C解析细节理解题。根据第五段的“...butrecentresearchhassuggestedmilkchocolatemayalsop

rovidevaluablenutrientstotheheart.”可知,最近的研究表明,牛奶巧克力也能为心脏提供有价值的营养物质,即牛奶巧克力可能对心脏也有好处。故选C项。7.B解析推理判断题。根据第五段的“Chocolateappearspromisin

gforthepreventionofcoronaryarterydisease.”可知,Krittanawong博士对“巧克力预防冠状动脉疾病的作用”是“充满希望的”。故选B项。【语篇导读】本文是一篇记叙文。作者在经历一场严重车祸后造成了脑部损伤,但她通过照顾马并帮助孩子们骑马这类的

志愿者工作找回了自己。8.C解析段落大意题。根据第二段的“Toprepareahorseforaride,someonehastobringitinfromtheoutside,...twovolunteersgroomthehorseandputonthespecialsaddle.Th

entheyleadthehorsetowhere...There,onevolunteerleadsthehorse,andusuallytwowalkalongsideforsafety...Thenthehorsemustbereturnedtotheb

arn,unsaddled,cleanedandfed.”这些信息可知,本段主要讲述了志愿者要为骑马课程做很多工作。故选C项。