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一、语基必备知识(一)重点词汇——分类记忆Ⅰ.阅读词汇——在不认识的词汇前划√liquidn．expandvi.contractvi.oxygenn.substancen.partialadj.steamn.floatvi

.flamen.facilityn.lecturen.departmentn.Ⅱ.核心词汇——写其形1．stagen．阶段；时期2．ordinaryadj.普通的；平常的3．formvi.形成4．balancen.天平；平衡Ⅲ.拓展词汇——通其变1．mixv．

混合→mixturen．混合物2．electricityn．电→electricadj.电的；用电的→electricaladj.与电有关的；用电的3．concludevt.推论出；断定→conclusionn．结论4．aimn．目标；目的→aimlessadj.无目的的，没有目标

的5．reactvi.(化学)反应→reactionn．反应6．equipvt.装备；配备→equipmentn．设备；装备7．astonishvt.使惊讶→astonishedadj.吃惊的；惊愕的→__astonishmentn．惊愕→as

tonishingadj.令人惊讶的；使人惊奇的1.物质形态有多种①liquidn．液体②fluidn．流体③solidn.固体④gasn.气体；燃气⑤steamn.蒸汽；水汽2.“扩展”动词全接触①

expand膨胀；扩展②enlarge扩大③spread扩展；蔓延④extend延伸；延续⑤broaden扩大3.-ture结尾名词全扫描①mixture混合物②furniture家具③architecture建筑④departure出发；离开⑤signature签名；签

字(二)重点短语——记牢用活1．put...in__order使……有条理2．add...to...往……加入……3．used__to过去(常常)……4．in__the__area__of在……领域5．be__proud__of为

……感到骄傲/自豪6．be__supposed__to应当；理应7．keep...out__of不让……进入；使……避开……8．go__ahead开始做某事(表示允许)；请用吧1.order相关短语大全①put...inorder使……

有条理②inorder按顺序；井然有序③ingoodorder秩序井然④inorderof按……顺序⑤outoforder有毛病；出故障2.“位置”短语集锦①atthetop/bottomof...在……的顶/底部②atthefootof在……脚下③i

n(the)frontof在……前面(部)④ontheleft/right在左/右边⑤inthemiddle在中间(三)重点句式——背熟巧用句型公式教材原句句型1：分数作主语时，其谓语动词的单复数由分数所修饰的名词来决定Two-thirdsoftheearth’ssurface

is__water.地球表面的三分之二是水。句型2：Itis＋adj.＋todosth.It__is__hard__to__think__ofaworldwithoutmetals.做某事是……的很难想象一个没有金属的世界。句

型3：the＋比较级...，the＋比较级...意为“越……，就越……”The__closeryouare,the__moreyou’llsee.你离得越近，看到的就越多。二、语境强化训练Ⅰ.语境填词—

—根据提示写出该词的适当形式A．根据汉语提示写出下列单词1．MybrothergraduatedfromtheEnglishdepartment(科，系)ofakeyuniversityfiveyearsago

.2．ThepopulationofAfricaisexpanding(膨胀)sorapidlyastocauseconcernofthewholeworld.3．Theeconomycontinuestocontract(收缩),raisingfearsoffur

therpoliticalproblems.4．Asaworld­famousprofessor,heisbusydeliveringlectures(演讲)indifferentuniversitie

severyyear.5．Thegovernmenthastakensomemeasurestosolvetheshortageofelectricity(电),butitmaybesometimebeforethesituationimproves.B．根据

所给单词写出适当形式6．Weshouldhaveabalanced(balance)diettokeepusenergeticeveryday.7．Ordinarily(ordinary),Ifindthisjo

beasy,buttodayI’mhavingproblems.8．Goodhabitsformed(form)atanearlyagewillbenefityoualotinyourwholelife.9．Doremembertotakethis

medicinethreetimesadaywithwarmboiled(boil)water!10．Withmuchrubbishfloating(float)ontheriver,Iappealtoeveryonetoprot

ectourenvironment.Ⅱ.语境品词——写出加黑词汇在语境中的意义1．(2019·北京卷)Whateverstageoflifeyou’reat,whereveryougoandwhateverprojectyoudoinGDA,you’llcreatepositive

changesinapoorandremotecommunity(社区)．阶段2．(2019·浙江卷6月)TheywerenotsurehowtheAmericanswouldreacttothenewtypeofmusic.反应3．(2019·北京卷)AnA-teammayreq

uireabalance—notjustAplayers,butafewgenerousBplayersaswell.平衡；均衡4．(2019·江苏卷)Thishasledcompaniesandindividualstodo

natemoneytodevelopingcountriestobuycomputerequipmentandinternetfacilities.设备__设施/设备Ⅲ.选词成篇atthetopof;beprou

dof;besupposedto;put...inorder;usedtoMyroom1.used__tobeinamess,whichgreatlybotheredmymother.Onedayshewassoangrythatsheshouted2.at__t

he__top__ofhervoice,“Youwillneverbeorganisedifyourroomgoonlikethis.”Atherwords,IrealizedI3.was__supposed_

_tochangemyhabits.Fromthenon,Ihavemadeitaruleto4.puteverythingin__order.Seeingmycleanroom,mymother5.is__proud__ofme.inthe

areaof;findout;add...to...;keep...outof;goahead;reactwithTom,whoisinterestedinchemistry,aimstomakeabreakthrough6.in__

the__area__ofchemistry.Yesterday,toseeifiron7.reacts__withair­freewater,he8.addedsomeoiltothewater,whichcouldhelp9.keepairo

ut__ofthewater.Intheend,hedrewaconclusionthatirondoesnotrustinair­freewater.To10.find__outmorescientifictruth,hewill

11.go__aheadwithseveralotherexperimentsinthefollowingdays.Ⅳ.完成句子1．这座城市五分之四的面积是由树和草地覆盖的。Four­fifthsofthear

eais__covered__by__trees__and__grassinthecity.2．(2017·全国卷Ⅱ)你通晓中国文化是必要的。It’s__necessary__for__you__to__have__a__good__kno

wledge__ofChineseculture.3．写作文的时候你越细心，你犯的错误就越少。The__more__carefulyouarewhilewritingacomposition,the__fe

wer__mistakesyouwillmake.aimn．目标；目的；对准v．对准目标，打算[基础练习]——单句语法填空①(2019·北京卷)Allourprojectsaimto__promote(promote)thedevelopmentofpoorandremotecommunities

.②a.(2019·北京卷)EarthDay,markedon22April,isanannualeventaiming(aim)toraisepublicawarenessaboutenvironmentalprotection.b．(2017·北京卷)ShestartedtheLadybu

gFoundation,anorganizationaiming/aimed(aim)atgettingridofhomelessness.③Theaimofeducationisto__teach(teach)youngpeopletothinkforthemselvesa

ndnotfollowothersblindly.④(2017·北京卷)Janemovedaimlessly(aim)downthetree-linedstreet,notknowingwhereshewasheading.[能力提

升]——词汇升级⑤(普通表达)InordertoimprovethelevelofEnglish,weattendEnglishCorneronceaweek.(高级表达)With__the__aim__of__impr

oving/Aiming__at__improving/Aiming__to__improvethelevelofEnglish,weattendEnglishCorneronceaweek.(aim)(1)aimtodosth.旨在做某事aimatdoingsth./beaimeda

t目的是；旨在(2)takeaimat...瞄准……withtheaimof以……为目标；意在……(3)aimlessadj.无目的的aimlesslyadv.无目的地[佳句背诵]Thisactivityisaimedatimprovingthestudents’abilityo

flisteningandspeaking.这项活动的目的是提高学生的听说能力。[词块助记]aimhigh志存高远achieve/realizemyaim达到我的目的/实现我的目标aprogrammeaimedattee

nagers针对青少年的节目balancen．天平，秤；平衡vt.平衡；权衡[基础练习]——单句语法填空①Youhavetobalancetheadvantagesoflivinginabigcityagainstth

edisadvantages.②Peoplehavelearnttheimportanceofkeepingabalanced(balance)diettosatisfytheirnutritionalneeds

.[能力提升]——完成句子③(天津卷)你太努力工作了，你最好使工作和放松保持平衡。Youareworkingtoohard.You’dbetterkeep__a__balance__between__work__and__

relaxation．④(湖北卷)男孩追他哥哥时，失去了平衡，重重地摔了一跤。Whenhewasrunningafterhisbrother，theboylost__his__balanceandhadabadfa

ll.(1)balanceAagainstB权衡/比较A和BbalanceAwithB使A和B平衡(2)keep/loseone’sbalance保持/失去平衡breakthebalance打破平衡(3)balancedadj.均衡的[语段背诵]Weshouldtryourbesttokee

pthebalancebetweenourdevelopmentandenvironmentprotection.Sometimes,over-developmentcanbreakthebalanceofecology.Oncenaturelosesthebalance,itwillbring

usmanydisasters.add...to...往……加入……[基础练习]——单句语法填空①a.(2019·北京卷)Forfootballandbasketball,addingtalentedplayerstoateamprovesagoodmethod...b．(201

8·浙江卷6月)Andanunexpectedshoweraddedtothedifficultyofusinfindingawayhome,forallthetrackswehadmadedisappearedbecauseofth

erain.②Thepresidentagreed,adding(add)thathehopedforapeacefulsolutiontothedispute.[能力提升]——完成句子③请把这些数字加起来，我确信总数会超过1000。Pleaseadd__up

thenumbersandI’msureitwilladd__up__tomorethan1，000.(1)addto增加；增添addup把……加起来addupto加起来共计/达(2)addthat补充说[佳句背诵]Thedictionaryisoutofdate:ma

nywordshavebeenaddedtothelanguagesinceitwaspublished.这本字典过时了：自从它出版，很多单词被增加到这种语言中。(天津卷)[词块助记]littlestepsadduptobigdreams小进步成就大梦想usedto过去(常常)……；以前

常常[基础练习]——单句语法填空①Heusedto__stay(stay)uplate,butnowheisusedtogoing(go)tobedearly.②Thelargeamountofwoodwhichiscutfromthat

forestisusedto__build(build)thebridge.[能力提升]——完成句子③以前在他们房子的后面有一个美丽的大花园。There__used__to__be__a__big__and__beautiful__g

ardenatthebackoftheirhouse.④(四川卷)我仍然记得我幸福的童年，那时妈妈经常在周末的时候带我去迪士尼乐园。Istillremembermyhappychildhoodwhenmymotherwould__take__

me__toDisneylandatweekends.(1)Thereusedtobe...过去常常有……(2)be/getusedto(doing)sth.习惯(做)某事beusedtodosth.被用来做某事[佳句背诵]Thegirlusedtobeshy,b

utisgraduallygettingactiveingroupworkandismorewillingtoexpressherself.那个女孩过去很害羞，但现在团队合作越来越积极，比以前更愿意表达她自己的想法。(湖北卷)[名师点津]usedto和would二者均含有过去常做某事的意义

，usedto表示过去经常发生的动作或存在的状态，强调现在不那样了，而would单纯指过去常做某事，不含与现在比较的意思。besupposedto应当；理应[基础练习]——单句语法填空①a.(辽宁卷)Whatareyoudoingoutofbed,Tom?You’r

esupposedto__be(be)asleep.b．(陕西卷)Themessageisveryimportant,soitissupposedto__be__sent(send)assoonasp

ossible.②Supposing/Suppose(suppose)thattherewasanearthquake,whatwouldbetherightwaytoescape?[能力提升]——完成句子③环境已经大大地影响了人们的日常生

活，政府应该采取有效措施保护环境。Thegovernmentis__supposed__to__take__effective__measures__to__protecttheenvironment,w

hichhasgreatlyaffectedpeople’sdailylife.(1)besupposedtodosth.应该/理应做某事(2)suppose＋sb.＋(tobe)＋adj./n.认为某人……suppose/supposing(that)...假定/假如/如果……

[佳句背诵]Chopsticksareusedtonip,pick,ripandstirfood,whicharesupposedtobeaveryimportantinventionandreflectthewis

domofancientChinesepeople.筷子被用来夹、挑、扯和搅拌食物，它被认为是一项重要的发明，反映了古代中国人的智慧。Itis＋adj.＋todosth.做某事是……的(教材原句)Itishardtothinkofaworldwithoutmet

als.很难想象一个没有金属的世界。[基础练习]——单句语法填空①a.(2018·浙江卷11月)It’sareallygoodideato__visit(visit)collegesbeforeyouapplybecausetheirwebsi

tescanallstarttolookandsoundthesame.b．(天津卷)Itisobvioustothestudentsthattheyshouldgetwellpreparedfortheirfutur

e.②a.Itiscarelessofyoutomakesomanymistakesintheexam.b．ItisnecessaryforustopracticespeakingEnglisheveryday.③It’snousearguing(ar

gue)withher—shewon’tlisten.[能力提升]——一句多译(安徽卷)事实是每个人都会有一段时期，在这段时期里很多事都不顺利，因此你不必太担心。④It__is__true__thatev

eryonewillhaveoneofthoseperiodswhenthingsseemtobegoingwrong,soyoudon’thavetoworrysomuch.(it作形式主语)⑤The__truth__is__thateveryonewillhaveone

ofthoseperiodswhenthingsseemtobegoingwrong,soyoudon’thavetoworrysomuch.(表语从句)(1)本句属于“Itis＋形容词/名词＋不定式”句式。其中it是形式主语，不定式短语是真正的主

语。(2)it作形式主语的常见句型：①Itis＋adj.＋(for/ofsb.)todosth.②Itis＋adj./n.＋that从句③Itisnogood/usedoingsth.做某事是没有好处/用的[佳句背诵]ItisnecessarytolearntraditionalChinese

culture.Themoreyoulearn,themoreinterestedyouwillbecomeinit.学习中国传统文化是有必要的。你学得越多，你就会对它越感兴趣。[名师点津]在“Itis/was＋adj.(for/ofsb.)＋todosth.”结构中，for前面的形容词通常是

difficult，necessary，important，quick，easy等，这些形容词多与事物的特征有关。而of前面的形容词常常是wise，kind，stupid，silly，bright，nice，good等，这些形容词常常与人的性格特点有

关。维度一在空白处填入括号内单词的正确形式1．Hedrewaconclusion(conclude)thatrobotswouldplayanimportantpartindoinghouseworkinthefuture.2

．—Wouldyouliketodrinksomecoffeewithsomesugarormilk?—Oh,I’dlikesomemilkadded(add)tothecoffee.3．Isitheoryouwhoareinchargeofthejobandsupposedto__

complete(complete)itontime?4．ThemoreyoulistentoEnglish,theeasier(easy)you’llfeelinspeakingEnglish.5．Heusedto__play(play)gamesontheInternet

,butnowheisusedtotaking(take)awalkaftersupper.维度二在空白处填入1个适当的单词1．ItisuncertainwhetherhecancometoJenny’sb

irthdaypartyornot.2．Hisparentsareproudofhisachievementswhichhehasmadeinthefieldofchemistry.3．Thebabyboyisatthe

stagewherehecanonlysayafewsimplewordsbutnotyetfullsentences.4．Theschoolislookingforateacherwhoisprofessionali

ntheareaofcomputerscience.5．Thebooksontheshelfareoutoforder.Let’sputtheminorder.维度三派生词练习1．Theschoolhasbeenrebuiltandi

tiswellequipped.Muchmoneyhasbeenspentontheofficeequipment．(equip)2．Thereactionshowedushowthecompanyreactedtotheneedofthecu

stomer.(react)3．Inmyopinion,eachofusshouldhaveanaimofourown.Butsomeofusleadanaimlesslifeeveryday.(aim)4．Toourastonishment

,__thefamousstardied.That’stosay,wewereastonishedatthenewsofhersuddendeath,anditwasreallyastonishing．(astonish)维度四完成句子/句型转换

1．你应当早点来，因为我们一直在等着你。Youwere__supposed__to__have__come__earlier,__becausewehadbeenwaitingforyou.2．我们学校的校报上有一个“外国文化”栏目，旨在介绍美国风俗和中学生生活。Inthenewspap

erofourschoolthereisacolumncalled“ForeignCultures”，aiming__to__introduceAmericancustomsandthelifeofhighschoolstudents.3．Ifyoupractisemore,youwillb

ecomemoreskillful.→The__moreyoupractise,the__more__skillfulyouwillbecome.4．Totakemeasurestoavoidthepublictransportaccidentisnecessaryforthegover

nment.→It__is__necessary__for__the__government__to__takemeasurestoavoidthepublictransportaccident.提能一语段填空(短文中黑体部分为本模块核心知识点，请补全短文，并背诵体会黑体

部分用法)Tom,myclassmate,used1.to__play(play)computergames,andhisgradesweregettingworseandworse.Theteachertoldhimthathewassupposed2.to

__set(set)anaimandform3.agoodhabit.4.Itwasdifficultforhimtogiveupplayinggamesthen,butwiththehelpoftheteacherhekept5.himself

(he)outofthem.Besides,theteacher’sencouragement6.added(add)tohisconfidence.Hewas7.astonished(astonish)tofindthatthemorehestudied,the8.more__interest

ed(interest)hebecameinstudying.Meanwhile,heattachedimportancetotakingexercise.In9.conclusion(conclude),hecouldkeepabalanc

ebetweenstudyandexerciseandhisparentswereproud10.ofhim.提能二话题写作(用本模块词汇、句式和语法知识写满分作文)假设你是李华，某国外学习网站邀请你发帖分享有效的学习方式

。要点如下：①确定具体目标；②充分利用时间；③其他方式自拟。1．补全要点句(黑体部分请用本模块所学词汇)①确定具体的目标是必要的和有用的。To__set__a__specific__aimisnecessaryanduseful.②因为只有当你有具体的目标

时，你才能更有效地学习。Itisbecauseonlywhen__you__have__a__specific__aimcanyoustudymoreefficiently.③我们应该养成好的学习习惯。它们能有助于提高学习成绩。Weare__s

upposed__to__form__good__learning__habits,__andtheycancontributetobetteracademicperformance.④充分利用时间就是最好的习惯之一。Maki

ng__full__use__of__timeisoneofthebesthabits.⑤对我们而言，保持学习和适当放松的平衡同样重要。Itisequallyimportantforusto__keep__a__balance__betweenst

udyandproperrelaxation.⑥总之，我们的学习方法越科学，我们在考试中就能考得越好。In__conclusion,__ifourlearningmethodsaremorescientific,wewillperfo

rmbetterinexams.2．升级平淡句⑦用it作形式主语升级句①It__is__necessary__and__useful__to__set__a__specific__aim.⑧用非限制性定语从句升级句③We__are__supposed_

_to__form__good__learning__habits,__which__can__contribute__to__better__academic__performance.⑨用“the＋比较级，the＋比较级”升级句⑥

In__conclusion,__the__more__scientific__our__learning__methods__are,__the__better__we__will__perform__in__exams.3．衔接成美

文(注意用适当的过渡衔接词汇：firstofall,inaddition,forexample,besides)____________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

___________________Onepossibleversion：Firstofall,itisnecessaryandusefultosetaspecificaim.Itisbecauseonlywhenyouhaveaspec

ificaimcanyoustudymoreefficiently.Inaddition,wearesupposedtoformgoodlearninghabits,whichcancontributetobetter

academicperformance.Forexample,makingfulluseoftimeisoneofthebesthabits.Besides,itisequallyimportantforustokeepabalancebetweenstudyandp

roperrelaxation.Inconclusion,themorescientificourlearningmethodsare,thebetterwewillperforminexams.(建议用时：35分钟)Ⅰ.阅读理解A(2020

·陕西摸底检测)InthestoryofTheCrowandthePitcherfromAesop’sFables,athirstycrow(乌鸦)dropsstonesintoanarrowjartoraisethelowlevelo

fwaterinsidesohecantakeadrink.Nowscientistshaveevidencetobackupthatstory.Crowsactuallydounderstandhowtoma

kewaterdisplacement(排水量)worktotheiradvantage,experimentsshow.Theresultssuggestthatthebirdsare,atleastinsomeaspects,assmartasfirst­graders.Rese

archers,ledbySarahJelbertattheUniversityofCambridge,presentedsixcrowswithtubescontainingwater.Insidethetubes,awormorapie

ceofmeatonapieceofwoodwasfloating,justoutofreachofthecrows.Infrontofthetubes,theresearchersarrangedseveralrubbererasersthatwouldsink,andsomepla

sticobjectsthatwouldfloat.Thecrowsfoundoutthattheycoulddroptheerasersintothetubesinordertoraisethewat

erlevelandgettheirsnack.However,the__birds__handled__awkwardlyinexperimentsinwhichtheycouldchoosetodropobjectsineitherawidetubeoranarrowoneto

getasnack,theresearcherssaid.Droppingobjectsintoanarrowtubewouldliftthewaterlevelbyagreateramountandputthetreatwithinreachafterjusttwodrops;whi

leittookaroundsevendropstoraisethesnacktothesamelevelinthewidetube.Thecrowsobviouslydidn’trealizethis,andmostofthem

wentforthewidetubefirst.Previousstudiesshowedthatchimpsandhumanchildrencansolvesimilartasks.Ina2011study,chimpsandkidsfou

ndoutthattheycouldputwaterintoatubetoreachapeanutthatwasfloatinginasmallamountofwateratthebottom.【解题导语】本文主要介绍了科学家通过实验对乌鸦智商进行的研究。1．Ho

wdidthecrowsgetthesnackinSarah’sexperiment?A．Bybreakingthetube.B．Bydroppinginerasers.C．Bystandingonthewood.D．Byremovingthewood

.B解析：细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句“Thecrowsfoundoutthattheycoulddroptheerasersintothetubesinordertoraisethewaterle

velandgettheirsnack.”可知，乌鸦能够把橡皮擦扔到管里，使水位升高，然后吃到零食。所以选B项。2．Whatdoestheauthormeanby“thebirdshandledawkwardly”inParagraph4?A．Theywereunabletotelldiffe

rentshapes.B．Theydroppedobjectsonlyintonarrowtubes.C．Theywerenotawareofthesnackatfirstsight.D．Theymos

tlyavoidedtheeasierwaytogetthesnack.D解析：推理判断题。从第四段可知，实验中的乌鸦在面对粗细不同的管子时，虽然只需往细管里投两次物体就可以够到零食，而需往粗管里投大约七次物体才能够到零食，但是乌鸦往

往先去粗管那边，而没有选择更容易获得零食的细管。由此可推知，画线部分是说它们通常没有选择更容易的方式得到零食。3．Whatdoesthetextmainlyfocuson?A．StoriesofAesop’sFables.B．T

hedevelopmentofcrows.C．Crows’intelligence.D．Human­animalcommunication.C解析：主旨大意题。根据第二段最后一句“Theresultssug

gestthatthebirdsare,atleastinsomeaspects,assmartasfirst­graders.”以及下文中的实验可知，整篇文章都是围绕乌鸦的智商问题来展开的。4．Whatdoweknowaboutcrowsinthepassage?A．Crowsarea

lmostascleverasfirst­gradersinsomerespects.B．Crowsunderstandwaterdisplacementcompletely.C．Chimpsandchildrenaremuchsmarterthancro

ws.D．ThestoryofTheCrowandthePitcherlacksevidence.A解析：推理判断题。根据第二段最后一句“Theresultssuggestthatthebirdsar

e,atleastinsomeaspects,assmartasfirst­graders.”可知，乌鸦在一些方面几乎跟一年级学生一样聪明。B(2020·潍坊统一考试)Plantscannotrunorhide,sotheyneedotherstrategiest

oavoidbeingeaten.Somecurluptheirleaves,othersproducechemicalstomakethemselvestastebadiftheysenseanimalsdroolingonthem,chewingthemupo

rlayingeggsonthem—allsignalsofanattack.Newresearchnowshowsthatsomefloracanfeelaplant-eatinganimalwellbeforeitlaunchesanattack,lettingaplantprepar

eapreemptive(先发制人的)defensethatevenworksagainstotherpestspecies.WhenecologistJohnOrrockoftheUniversityofWisconsin-Mad

isonsprayedsnailslime—aliquidtheanimalsreleaseastheyslidealong—ontosoil,nearbytomatoplantsappearedtonotice.Theyincreasedtheirlevelsofanenzyme

(酶),whichisknowntopreventplant­eatinganimals.“Noneoftheplantswereeveractuallyattacked，”Orrocksays.“Wejustgavethemcu

esthatsuggestedanattackwascoming,andthatwasenoughtocausebigchangesintheirchemistry.”InitiallyOrrockfoundthisdefensework

edagainstsnails;inthelateststudy,histeammeasuredtheslimywarning’simpactonanotherpotentialthreat.Theinvestigatorsfoundthathungrycaterpillars(毛虫

),whichusuallyeattomatoleavesgreedily,hadnoappetiteforthemaftertheplantswereexposedtosnailslimeandactivatedtheirche

micalresistance.Thisnonspecificdefensemaybeastrategythatbenefitstheplantsbyfurtherimprovingtheiroverallpossibil

itiesofsurvival,saysOrrock,whoreportedtheresultswithhiscolleaguesinMarchinOecologia.Thefindingthatasnail’sappr

oachcancauseaplantresponsethataffectsadifferentanimalmadeRichardKarbancurious,aplantcommunicationsexpert,whowas

notinvolvedinthestudy.“Itissignificantthattheplantsarerespondingbeforebeingdamagedandthatthesecuesarehavingsuchfar-rangingeffects，”Karbansays.“Ther

esearchwascomprehensive，”headds,“buthewondershowthetomatoplantsfeltchemicalsinsnailslimethatneveractuallytouchedthem.”“That’sthemillion­d

ollarquestion，”Orrocksays.Hehopesfutureresearchwillmakeoutthemechanismsthatenableplantstosensetheserelativelydistantcues.【解题导语】本文主要介绍了一项新的科学研究。研究表明植

物会对外在威胁相当警觉，会自动作出反应进行自我保护。5．JohnOrrocksprayedaliquidontosoilneartomatoplantsto________．A．makethemgrowbetterB．givethemaw

arningC．keepplant­eatinganimalsawayD．informplant­eatinganimalsofdangerB解析：推理判断题。根据第二段最后一句“Wejustgavethemcuesthatsugges

tedanattackwascoming,andthatwasenoughtocausebigchangesintheirchemistry.”可推知，JohnOrrock在西红柿植株附近的泥土上喷洒液体的目的是给予植物一种警告，让它们能够产生自我保护性反应，且

其与第三段第一句中的“histeammeasuredtheslimywarning’simpactonanotherpotentialthreat”呼应，故选B。6．Whyistheexampleofcaterpi

llarsmentionedinParagraph3?A．Tointroduceanotheranimal.B．Toconfirmtheresultofthestudy.C．Toappealtopeopletoprotectanimals.D．Toanalyzedifferentr

esistancechemicals.B解析：推理判断题。根据第三段第一句“InitiallyOrrockfoundthisdefenseworkedagainstsnails；inthelatestst

udy,histeammeasuredtheslimywarning’simpactonanotherpotentialthreat.”可推知，文章中提到毛虫的例子是为了验证研究的结果，故选B。7．WhatdoesRichardKarbanreallywanttokno

w?A．Howtomatoplantsbecomeawareofdanger.B．Whatthechemicalsinthesnailslimeare.C．Whethertheresearchisofpr

acticalvalue.D．Whatthefindingoftheresearchis.A解析：推理判断题。根据第四段最后一句“‘Theresearchwascomprehensive，’headds，‘buthewondershowthe

tomatoplantsfeltchemicalsinsnailslimethatneveractuallytouchedthem.’”，并结合对最后一段的整体理解可推知，RichardKarban实际上想了解的是西红柿植株是如何意识到危险的，故选A。8．What

canbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A．WatchfulPlantsB．GreedyAnimalsC．ASnail’sApproachD．ADefenseAttackA解析：标题归纳题。根据文章中的关键词plant，并结合对全文的整体理解

可推知，本文主要讲述的是有关植物的科学研究，研究发现植物有对外在威胁或攻击的自我保护性反应，故选A。Ⅱ.完形填空(2020·昆明诊断测试)Ireceived3missedcallsfromanumberIdidn’trecognizetoday.

I__1__itwassomethingtodowithanaccidentIhadrecently.Iwasreadytoanswer__2__whenthenumbercalleda4thtime.__3

__，IwasaskedifIwasJessicaandifIhad__4__anything.IsaidIdidn’tthinksoand__5__whoitwas.ItwasamancalledDarrenwho__6__hewasbehindmeintheshopthismorning.As

Iwasleaving,mypurse__7__.Hepickeditupand__8__toseewhereIhadgonebuthecouldn’tseemeanymore.Soheopenedmypurseandcalledthe__9__insideit.Ihavejust

beento__10__himtogetmypurseback,onlytofindoutDarrenis__11__andlivesroughinthestreetsofCardiff.Heevenapologizedashesaidhe

hadtakenoutsome__12__tocallmetoreturnmypurse.But__13__afewpoundsusedtocontactme,everythingwasallstill__14__.Iadmitt

hatIwouldn’thaveblamedhimifhe’dspentmoreofthe__15__．Ifelt__16__thatsomeonereturnedit,andthatthepersonwhoreturneditwassomeonewhohad__17__.Itmademe__18

__notonlywasIluckythatmypursewasfoundbysomeone__19__，butthatIwasgoingtoawarmhome.The__20__wouldbeamuchbetterplacewithmorekindpeoplelikeDarrenin

it.【解题导语】本文通过作者的钱包失而复得的故事告诉我们：只要人人都能够善良对待他人，我们的世界将会变成更加美好的地方。1．A.assumedB．promisedC．declaredD．agreedA解析：根

据语境可知，作者有三个来自同一号码的未接来电，作者认为(assumed)这和自己最近的一起事故有关。promise“许诺”；declare“宣布”；agree“同意”。2．A.gentlyB．gratefullyC．humorously

D．eagerlyD解析：根据上文“I______itwassomethingtodowithanaccidentIhadrecently.”可推知，作者渴望(eagerly)去接这通电话。gently“温和地”；gratefully“感激地

”；humorously“幽默地”。3．A.OftenB．InsteadC．StillD．BesidesB解析：根据上文可知，作者认为那通电话和自己的一起事故有关，但是接通电话后才知道并非如此。此处前后表示转折，故Instead“相反”符合语境。

4．A.exploredB．boughtC．lostD．checkedC解析：根据第二段和第三段的描述可推知，Darren捡到了作者的钱包，因此他打电话问作者是否丢了(lost)什么东西。5．A.forgotB．rememberedC．suspectedD．askedD解析：根据语境

可知，作者接电话时并不知道打电话的人是谁，因此作者问(asked)对方是谁。forget“忘记”；remember“记得”；suspect“怀疑”。6．A.explainedB．requestedC．repeatedD．believedA解析：根据语境可推知

，Darren向作者解释(explained)了事情的经过。7．A.brokeB．failedC．droppedD．disappearedC解析：根据语境可知，作者离开商店的时候钱包掉在(dropped)地上了。8．A.walkedawayB．

lookedaroundC．turnedupD．gotthroughB解析：根据语境并结合常识可推知，Darren环顾(lookedaround)四周寻找作者。9．A.cardB．addressC．billD．numberD解析：根据语境可知，Darren找不到作者，于是打开作者的钱包

，拨打了里面的号码(number)。10．A.meetB．questionC．begD．remindA解析：根据语境可知，通过电话后，作者去见(meet)Darren以拿回自己的钱包。11．A.hopefulB．helpfulC．homelessD．speechlessC解析：根据本

句中的“livesroughinthestreetsofCardiff”可推知，Darren是一个无家可归的(homeless)人。12．A.picturesB．changeC．ticketsD．jewelryB解析

：根据上文可推知，Darren很穷，他不得不从作者的钱包里拿出一些零钱(change)给作者打电话。13．A.inspiteofB．intermsofC．owingtoD．apartfromD解析：根据语境及该句中的“But”可推知，Dar

ren除了(apartfrom)从作者的钱包里拿出几英镑和作者联系外，其余的东西都没动(untouched)。14．A.untouchedB．unlimitedC．classifiedD．consumedA解析：参见上题解析。untouched“原封未动的”符合语境。15．A.tim

eB．effortC．cashD．energyC解析：作者承认，即使Darren从自己的钱包里多拿一些现金(cash)，作者也不会责怪他。16．A.embarrassedB．surprisedC．worriedD．relaxedB解析：作者的钱包丢了，有人捡到并归还给作者，而

且这个人一无所有(nothing)，这让作者感到惊讶(surprised)。17．A.everythingB．somethingC．anythingD．nothingD解析：参见上题解析。nothing“

没有什么”符合语境。18．A.realizeB．considerC．recallD．imagineA解析：根据语境可知，这件事让作者意识到(realize)自己是幸运的，因为自己丢失的钱包被一个诚实的(honest)人捡到，并且作者将回到一个温暖的家。19．A.familiarB．pol

iteC．honestD．wiseC解析：参见上题解析。20．A.shopB．worldC．environmentD．streetB解析：根据语境可知，如果这个世界有更多像Darren这样善良的人存在的话，

这个世界(world)将会是一个更加美好的地方。获得更多资源请扫码加入享学资源网微信公众号www.xiangxue100.com