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2023届高三英语名校新题快递--10月月考专辑专题03阅读理解之说明文原卷版【01】2023届广东省六校高三上学期第二次联考【02】安徽省皖豫名校联盟2022-2023学年高三上学期第一次联考【03】广东省广州市第五中学2022-2023学年高三上学期10月月【04】浙江省强

基联盟2022-2023学年高三上学期10月联考【05】湖南省长沙市长郡中学2022-2023学高三上学期月考卷（二）【06】河南省实验中学2022-2023学年高三上学期第二次月考【07】湖南省长沙市长郡中学2022-2023学高三上学期月考卷（二）【08】浙江省C

8名校协作体2022-2023学年高三上学期第一次联考【09】甘肃省张掖市2022-2023学年高三上学期第一次诊断考试【10】浙江省C8名校协作体2022-2023学年高三上学期第一次联考【11】江苏省南京师范大学附属中学2022-2023

学年高三上学期第一次月考【12】江苏省苏州市2022〜2023学年高三上学期八校联考【13】2023届广东省六校高三上学期第二次联考【14】湖南省长沙市雅礼中学2022-2023学年高三上学期月考二【15】江苏省泰州中学2022-2023学年高三上学期第一次月检【1

6】河北省邢台市六校联考2022-2023学年高三上学期第一次月考【17】江苏省泰州中学2022-2023学年高三上学期第一次月检【18】江苏省泰州中学2022-2023学年高三上学期第一次月检【19】江西省名

校高中2022-2023学年高三上学期联合测评【20】湖北省荆州荆门宜昌三校2022-2023学年高三上学期联考试题【21】广东省深圳市重点高中2023届高三上学期第二次月考【22】江苏省南京市202

3届高三上学期10月学情调查考试【23】湖北省襄阳市重点高中2022-2023学年高三上学期第二次月考【24】山东省潍坊市五县市2022-2023学年高三10月统考【01】2023届广东省六校高三上学期第二次联考Theworld’sbiggestelectricvehicle—a

45-tonminingdumptrucknamedtheeDumper—mayhavetogiveupitsthrone.Thenewcomer,poweredwithbothelectricityandare

serveofhydrogenfuel,isgoingtostealthattitleasthelargestelectricminingtruck.London-basedAngloAmericanis

developingthebeastofamachine—itweighs290tons—aspartofitssustainableminingvision.Theconceptualworkisdone,butU.K-basedWilliams

AdvancedEngineeringwillbringthetrucktolife.Theideaistoreplacethevehicle’sdieselengine(柴油机)withahigh-powermodularlithiu

m-ionbattery(锂电池).“Wearedelightedtobeinvolvedinthisinnovativeandexcitingprojectwhichshowsthepotentialofbatterytechnologythatcanadapttoincrea

seddemands,fromautomotiveandmotorsportto‘heavyduty’industrialapplications,”CraigWilson,managingdirectorofWilliamsAdvancedEngineering,said.Whilethe

eDumper—aminingtruckusedtomovestonesfromthesidesofmountainsinSwitzerland—reliesentirelyonpureelectricityandpurephys

icsforpower,theAngloAmericantruckwillusebothalithium-ionbatteryandahydrogenfuelcell(电池)module.Altogether,thenewtruckwillhaveover1,000Kilowatthours

ofenergystorage.Hydrogenfuelisaclearfuelthatproducesonlywaterasaby-productwhenconsumedinafuelcell.It’stypicall

yproducedfromnaturalgas,nuclearpower,orrenewablewindandsolarpower.Addinghydrogenfuelcellstothevehicle

’sbatterywillallowthetrucktorunforlongerperiodsoftimewithoutrecharging.There’salsoathirdtypeofpowerthatcomesintoplaywiththeAngloA

mericantruck:kinetic(动力的)energycreatedthroughtheprocessofregenerativebraking(再生制动系统).Whenanelectricvehicle—beittheAngloAmericantruck,o

rtheeDumper—rollsdownahill,thatmovementcreateselectricalenergyforthebatteryasyoubrake.Theelectricmotorspowerthecarthrought

hebattery’sstoredenergy,butcanalsobecomeminigeneratorsthatreturnsomeenergybacktothebattery.AfterAnglo

Americanfinishestesttrialswiththetruck,thefirmwillconductstudiestounderstandhowthetruck’spowerunitscanbeusedtoprovideener

gystorageinotherapplications.8.Whatcanbeknownabout“theeDumper”?A.Itweighsmorethan290tons.B.Itispoweredbyhyd

rogenfuel.C.Itwillnolongerbethelargestelectrictruck.D.Itwilldiscouragebuyersforbeingexpensive.9.Whatcanbeinferred

fromCraigWilson’swords?A.Batterytechnologyisthekeytoupdatingvehicles.B.Batterytechnologyisthebasisofmanufacturing

trucks.C.Thedevelopmentofthelithium-ionbatteryislimited.D.Thefutureofthelithium-ionbatteryispromising.10.Whatis

thebenefitofadoptinghydrogenfuelcells?A.Itcansavealotofmoney.B.Vehiclesbecomemoreeco-friendly.C.Ithasn

oenvironmentalimpactatall.D.Vehiclesnolongerneedtoberecharged.11.Accordingtoparagraph5,whichofthefollo

wingcanbeafeatureofregenerativebraking?A.Autonomousbraking.B.Energytransformation.C.Simpleoperation.D.zero-ca

rbonemission.【02】安徽省皖豫名校联盟2022-2023学年高三上学期第一次联考TheAlps’glaciers(冰川)areontrackfortheirhighestmasslossesinatleast60ye

arsofrecordkeeping,datasharedwithReutersshows.Bylookingatthedifferenceinhowmuchsnowfellinwinter,andhowmuchicemeltsi

nsummer,scientistscanmeasurehowmuchaglacierhasshrunkinanygivenyear.Sincelastwinter,whichbroughtrelativelylittlesnowfall,theAlpshavegonet

hroughtwobigearlysummerheatwaves—includingoneinJulymarkedbytemperaturesnear30ºCintheSwissmountainvillageofZe

rmatt.Duringthisheatwave,theelevation(海拔)atwhichwaterfrozewasmeasuredatarecordhighof5,184meters—atanaltitudehig

herthanMontBlanc’s—comparedwiththenormalsummerlevelofbetween3,000-3,500meters.Mostoftheworld’smountainglaciersareshrinkingduetoclimatechang

e.ButthoseintheEuropeanAlpsareespeciallyvulnerable(脆弱的)becausetheyaresmallerwithrelativelylittleicecover.Meanwhile,te

mperaturesintheAlpsarewarmingataround0.3ºCperdecade—aroundtwiceasfastastheglobalaverage.Ifgreenhousegasemissio

nscontinuetorise,theAlps’glaciersareexpectedtolosemorethan80%oftheircurrentmassby2100.Manywilldisappearr

egardlessofwhateveractionistakennow,thankstoglobalwarmingbakedinbypastemissions,accordingtoa2019reportbytheUNIn

tergovernmentalPanelonClimateChange.Swissresidentsworrythattheglacierlosseswillhurttheireconomy.SomeskiresortsoftheAlps,wh

ichrelyontheseglaciers,nowcoverthemselveswithwhitesheetstoreflectsunlightandreducemelting.Swissglaci

ersfeatureinmanyofthecountry’sfairytales,andtheAletschGlacierisconsideredaUNESCOWorldHeritageSite.“Losingtheglaciersmeanslosingournationalhe

ritageandouridentity,”saidhikerBernardinChavaillaz.12.WhathappenedtotheelevationatwhichwaterfrozeintheAlps?A.Itremainedunch

anged.B.Itincreasedsharply.C.Itreachedanewlow.D.Itdroppednoticeably.13.What’sthemainpurposeofparagraph3?A.Toshowtemperaturesarerisingint

heAlps.B.Toproveclimatechangeleadstoheatwaves.C.ToexplainwhytheAlps’glaciersareindanger.D.TopredictwhatwillhappentotheAlps’gl

aciers.14.WhatdidBernardinChavaillazexpressinthelastparagraph?A.Hisadviceonprotectingglaciers.B.Hisconfusioninfindinghisidentity.C.H

isconcernoverthelossofglaciers.D.Hisinterestinimprovingtheeconomy.15.Whatwouldbethebesttitleforthetext?A.GlaciersintheAlpsAreDisappearingRapidly

B.ClimateChangeIsPresentingaThreattotheAlpsC.SummerHeatwavesHittheAlpsMoreFrequentlyD.MeasuresAreNeededtoProtecttheAlps’Glaciers【0

3】广东省广州市第五中学2022-2023学年高三上学期10月月Parentingtechniquesmayhavelonglastingconsequencesforbehavior—evenwhenitcome

stodogs.ResearchersattheUniversityofPennsylvaniastudiedtheearlydevelopment,parentingandthefollowingperformanceof98puppieswhounderwentguidedogtrainin

g.Dogswhoreceivedmoreindependenceandlesssupportfromtheirmothersweremorelikelytobesuccessfulinbecomingaguidedog.Thestudyw

aspublishedMondayinthejournalProceedingsoftheNationalAcademyofSciences.Mom-pupinteractionswereusedtodefinehowhighlyinvolvedt

hepuppy’smotherswere.Puppiesraisedwithhighlyinvolvedmothersweremorelikelytobereleased—ordroppedoutfromtheguidedogprogram—

comparedtothosewithlessattentivemothers.“Toomuchofagoodthingcanbeabadthing,”saidleadstudyresearcherEm

ilyBray.Althoughthestudycouldn’tdefinitelypointtowhatwasdrivingthiseffect,“onepossibilityisthatthedogsthatarehavingoverbearin

g(专横的)mothersarenevergiventhechancetodealwithsmallchallengesontheirown,andisharmfultotheirlaterbehaviorandoutcomeintheirproblemsolving.Anotherpossibi

lityisthatthepuppiesforwhomthemothersarealwaysaroundarealsothemostanxiousorstressed,”sheexplained.“WhatI

washappyaboutwasthatthereisastudybeingdoneaboutearlylifeexperiencesindogs,”anotherresearcherDoloresHolesaid.“Ifthemomistryingtoprotectherp

upsagainstsmallchallenges,thentheywillnotbesuitedforthebigchallenges.”Thestudyincludedthreebreeds(品种):Germanshepherds,Labradorretriev

ersandGoldenretrievers.Thepuppieswerefollowedfromthefirstweeksoflifeforseveralyears.Interestingly,Labradorretrieverstendedtow

ashoutfromtheprogram,whileGoldenretrieverstendedtosucceed.Asforwhetherthefindingscanbeappliedtohumanbabiesofso-called

“helicopterparents,”Braywashesitant.“Ithinkpeoplecandrawparallels(相似之处),butIthinkyoualsohavetobecarefulbecause

theyaredifferentspecies,”shesaid.Sheadded,“Thenicethingaboutdogsisthattheyarealotlesscomplicatedthanhumans.”8.Whatmakessuccessfulguidedogsacc

ordingtothestudy?A.Lessattentiveowners.B.Morepracticaltraining.C.Lesssupportivemothers.D.Moretenseenvironment.9.WhatdoesParagraph4mainlytalkabout?A

.Thenecessityofmom-pupinteractions.B.Somecharacteristicsofgoodguidedogs.C.Thesignificanceofhighparentalinvolvement.D.Potentialcausesofso

mepuppies’poorperformance.10.WhatcanweknowaboutLabradorretrieversinthestudy?A.Theychoosetostay.B.Theyfailtobequalified.C.Theyrisetochallenges.D.

Theyareeasytonotice.11.Whichcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A.ParentingtechniquescanapplytoguidedogsB.Gu

idedogsarelesscomplicatedthanhumansC.ResearchershelpraisepublicawarenessofblindpeopleD.Astudyisdonea

boutearlylifeexperiencesofhumanbabies【04】浙江省强基联盟2022-2023学年高三上学期10月联考InJapan,youarewhatyourbloodtypeis.Aperson

’sbloodtypeispopularlybelievedtodecidehis/hercharacterandpersonality.Type-Apeoplearegenerallyconsideredse

nsitiveperfectionistsandgoodteamplayers,butover-anxious.TypeOsarecuriousandgenerousbutstubborn.TypeABsareartisticbutmysteriousandunpredictable,andtyp

eBsarecheerfulbuteccentric,individualistic,andselfish.Thoughlackingscientificevidence,thisbeliefiswidelyseeninbooks,magazines,andtele

visionshows.Lastyear,fourofJapan’stop10bestsellerswereabouthowbloodtypedeterminespersonality,throughwhichreadersseemedtobeabletodiscov

erthedefinitionoftheirbloodtypeorhavetheirself-imageconfirmed.Theblood-typebeliefhasbeenusedinunusualways.Thewomensoftballteamthatwongoldfor

JapanattheBeijingOlympicsisreportedtohaveusedblood-typetheoriestocustomizetrainingforeachplayer.Somekindergartenshaveadoptedte

achingmethodsalongbloodgrouplines,andevenmajorcompaniesreportedlymakedecisionsaboutassignmentsbasedonanemployee’sbloodtype.In1990,Mitsubishi

ElectronicswasreportedtohaveannouncedtheformationofateamcomposedentirelyofABworkers,thanksto“theirabilitytomakeplans”.Th

ebeliefevenaffectspolitics.Oneformerprimeministerconsidereditimportantenoughtorevealinhisofficialprofilethathewasa

typeA,whilehisoppositionrivalwastypeB.In2011,aminister,RyuMatsumoto,wasforcedtoresignafteronlyaweekinoffice,whenabad-temper

edencounterwithlocalofficialswastelevised.Inhisresignationspeech,heblamedhisfailingsonthefactthathewasbloodtypeB.Theblood-

typecraze,consideredsimplyharmlessfunbysomeJapanese,mayrevealitselfasprejudiceanddiscrimination.Infact,thisseemss

ocommonthattheJapanesenowhaveatermforit:bura-hara,meaningblood-typeharassment(骚扰).Therearereportsofdiscriminationleadingtochildrenbeingb

ullied,endingofhappyrelationships,andlossofjobopportunitiesduetobloodtype.8.What’sthemainideaofparagraph1?A.T

heJapaneseattachgreatimportancetobloodtype.B.ThebooksaboutbloodtypearepopularinJapan.C.TheJapaneseconfirmtheirpersonalitytotallythro

ughbloodtype.D.TheJapanesethinkbloodtypebestsellersareimportanttotheirself-image.9.Accordingtothepassage,whichbloodtypecanweinferistheLEASTfavored

inJapan?A.TypeA.B.TypeB.C.TypeO.D.TypeAB.10.PrimeMinisterRyuMatsumotoresignedfromofficebecause________.A.herevealedhisrival’sbloodtypeB.hewasseenbe

havingrudelyonTVC.heblamedhisfailingsonlocalofficialsD.hewasdiscriminatedagainstbecauseofbloodtype11.What

isthespeaker’sattitudetowardtheblood-typebeliefinJapan?A.Negative.B.Defensive.C.Objective.D.Encouraging.【05】湖南省长沙市长郡中学202

2-2023学高三上学期月考卷（二）HundredsofnativeNorthAmericanplants,oftendismissedasweeds,deservealotmorerespect,accordingtoanewstudy.Theseplants,distantco

usinsoffoodslikesunflowersandlettuce(莴苣),actuallyrepresentabotanicaltreasurenowfacingincreasedthreat

sfromclimatechangeandhabitatloss.Thecropsthatthehumanracenowdependson,includinggrainslikewheatandtreefruitlikepeaches,originallyw

ereselectedorbred(培育)fromplantsthatgrewwildhundredsorthousandsofyearsago.IntheU.S.,therearewildancestorsofblueberries,sweetpotatoes,

onions,potatoes,andmanyotherfoodcrops.“Someofthemarequitecommon,”saysColinKhoury,aresearchscientistattheInternationalCenterforTropica

lAgriculture.“Wildlettuceplantsgrowalongsidewalks,orinbackyards,butgounrecognized.”Othercroprelativesarerareandthreatened.OneofKhoury’sfavorites

istheparadoxicalsunflower.”ItgrowsjustinwetlandsofthedesertsofNewMexicoandTexas.Littlesaltyareaswherethere’salittlebitofwat

erbeneaththesoil,”hesays.Soplantgrowerscrossbreditwithcommercialsunflowersandcreatednewvarietiesthatcangrowinplaceswherethesoilcontainsmor

esalt.Otherwildrelativesmaybehidingsimilarlyremarkablegifts,Khourysays,suchasgenesthatcouldhelptheirdomesticatedrelati

vessurvivediseases,ordealwithpests.Khouryandsomeofhiscolleaguesjustfinishedasurveyofabout600wildcroprelativesthatgrowinNorthAmerica,andtheyfoundth

atmostoftheseplantsarethreatenedbythingslikefires,farminganddevelopment.Thescientistsarguethattheydeservem

oreprotection.Foronething,“genebanks”shouldcollectandpreservethem.Inaddition,theseplantsneedmoreprotectionintheirnaturalh

abitat.AccordingtoKhoury,thatdoesn’tnecessarilymeansettingasidelandforthem.Inmanycases,theplantsalreadyaregrowingonpubliclandthat’smanagedb

ytheU.S.ForestService(USFS)ortheBureauofLandManagement(BLM).“It’smoreaboutjustbeingawarethattheseplan

tsactuallyexist,”hesays.28.Whatdidthenewstudymainlyfocuson?A.Endangeredplantspecies.B.Wildrelativesoffoodcrops.C.

Theimpactsofclimatechange.D.Thethreatsfromplanthabitatloss.29.Whatdoweknowabouttheparadoxicalsunflower?A.Itneedsmuchwatertogrowwell.B.I

tgrowsalongsidewalksorinbackyards.C.Itseemscapableofsurvivingvariousdiseases.D.Ithelpscommercialsunflowersadapttosalty

soil.30.Howmightthescientistsfeelabouttheirsurveyresults?A.Relieved.B.Concerned.C.Annoyed.D.Critical.31.WhatmightKhourysugges

ttheBLMdo?A.JoinhandswiththeUSFS.B.Setasidelandforwildplants.C.Collectgenesofthreatenedcropspecies.D.Learnaboutplantsonitsma

nagedland.【06】河南省实验中学2022-2023学年高三上学期第二次月考TheWorldHealthOrganizationwarnsthatmillionsofpeoplearedyingeveryyearfromindoorairpollution.Nearlythre

ebillionpeopleareunabletousecleanfuelsandtechnologiesforcooking,heatingaswellaslighting.Thesefindingsshowthattheuseofdeadlyfu

elsininefficientstoves,spaceheatersorlightsistoblameformanyofthesedeaths.WHOofficialssayindoorpolluti

onleadstoearlydeathsfromstroke,heartandlungdisease,childhoodpneumoniaandlungcancer.Womenandgirlsarethemainvictims.Thesediseasescanoft

enresultfromtheburningofsolidfuels.Thesefuelsincludewood,coal,animalwaste,cropwasteandcharcoal.TheUnitedNationsfoundthatmorethan95percento

fhouseholdsinsub-SaharanAfricadependonsolidfuelsforcooking.ItsayshugepopulationsinIndia,ChinaandLatinAmericancountri

es,suchasGuatermalaandPeru,arealsoatrisk.NigelBraceisaprofessorofPublicHealthattheUniversityofLiverpo

ol.Hesaysresearchersaredevelopinggoodcook-stovesandotherequipmenttoburnfuelsinamoreefficientway.Therearealreadymulti

pletechnologiesavailableforuseincleanfuels.Thereisreallyquiteaneffectiveandreasonablylow-costalcoholstovemadebyDometic(aSweden-basedcompany)t

hatisnowbeingtestedout.LPG(LiquefieldPetroleumGas)cookisobviouslywidelyavailableandeffortsareunderwaytomakethoseeff

icient.Anotherinterestingdevelopmentiselectricinductionstoves.WHOexpertsnotethatsomenew,safeandlow-costtechnologiesthatcouldhelparealreadyavai

lable.InIndia,youcanbuyaninductionstoveforabout$8.00.AndinAfricayoucanbuyasolarlampforlessthan$1.00.Butthis,theagencysays,isjustastart.Itisurgingd

evelopingcountriestousecleanerfuelsandincreaseaccesstocleanerandmoremoderncookingandheatingappliance

s/devices.12.Whatdoestheindoorpollutionmainlyresultfrom?A.Poisonousfuels.B.Hightechnology.C.Spaceheaters.

D.Solarenergy.13.HowisParagraph3mainlydeveloped?A.Byshowingdifferences.B.Bydescribingaprocess.C.Bymakingalist.D.Byanalyzingdata.14.Whatcanweinferfro

mthepassage?A.Indoorpollutionresultsinsomedeaths.B.Mostofthedeathsareindevelopingcountries.C.Thesolidfuelsareusedinmoreeffectiveways.D.Th

ereisnoindoorpollutionindevelopedcountries.15.WhichofthefollowingisTRUEaccordingtothepassage?A.LPGcooksarebeingtestedout.B.Alcoholst

ovesarewidelyusednow.C.Electricinductionstovesareexpensive.D.SolarlampsareverycheapinAfrica.【07】湖南省长沙市长郡中学2022-2023学高三上学期月

考卷（二）Itisn’tjustthebeautyofvastnaturalwondersliketheGrandCanyonthatcantakeyourbreathaway.Youcanfindaweineverydayt

hings.Anewresearch,publishedinthejournalEmotion,foundthatolderadultswhotook“awewalks”feltmorepositive

emotionsintheirdailylives.Inthestudy,52olderadultsaged60to90weredividedrandomlyintotwogroups.Theyweretoldtotakeatleastone1

5-minutewalkeachweekforeightweeks.Volunteersinthe“awegroup”wereinstructedinhowtoinspireaweastheywalked.“Weaskedthemtotrytoseetheworld

withfresheyes—totakeinnewdetailsofaleaforflower,forexample,”Sturmsays.Forexample,oneparticipantfromtheawegr

oupwroteabout“thebeautifulfallcolorsandhowtheleaveswerenolongercrunchy(嘎吱响)underfootbecauseoftherain”—thewonderthatsmallch

ildrenfeelastheyembracetheirexpandingworld.However,peopleintheothergroupwerelessfocusedontheworldaroundthem.Oneparticipantwrote,“Ithoughtaboutourv

acationinHawaiinextThursday.”Inaddition,participantswereaskedtotakeselfies(自拍)inthebeginning,middle,andendofeachwalk.Researchersfoundthatparticipa

ntswhotookawewalksshoweda“smallself”,inthattheyfilledlessoftheirphotographswiththeirownimageandmorewit

hthebackgroundscenery.“Whenwefeelawe,ourattentionshiftsfromfocusingonourselvestofocusingontheworldaroundus,”Sturmsays.“Aweaffectsoursocialre

lationshipsbecauseithelpsustofeelmoreconnectedwiththeworld,universe,andotherpeople.”Theirsmilesalsogrewbroaderbytheendofthestudy.“Weanalyzedthe

intensityoftheirsmilesintheselfies,andparticipantswhotookawewalksdisplayedgreatersmilesovertimethanthosewhotookc

ontrolwalks.Theformerreportedgreaterpositiveemotionsingeneral,includingmorejoyandgratitude.”Participantsinthec

ontrolgrouptookmorefrequentwalksthanthosepeopleintheawegroup,theresearchersdiscovered.Butwalkingmoredidn’tresultinpositivechangesinemotionalheal

thorinthewaytheirselfiesweretaken.Thissuggeststhattheresultsweremainlyduetoexperiencingawe,andnotjustinspendingtimeexercising.32.Whatwereparticipan

tsinthe“awegroup”requiredtodoinParagraph2?A.Totakeawalkeachweek.B.Tofocusontheirinnerworld.C.Tocollectleavesaftertherain.D.Toexplorewithchildl

ikecuriosity.33.Whatcanweseeintheselfiesfromtheawewalks?A.Close-upimageswithwidesmiles.B.Moreattentiononthemselves.C.Simplythebackgroundscenery.D.

Smallfigureswithbiggersmiles.34.Whatcanweknowfromthelastparagraph?A.Experiencingawecounts.B.Morewalks,morejoy.C.Exercisesc

anbenefitus.D.Awecomeswithwalking.35.Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitle?A.AweWalksPromoteYourPhysicalFitnessB.Ex

periencingAweDoesWondersforEveryoneC.AweWalksImproveYourPositiveEmotionsD.FrequentWalksContributetoEmotionalHealth【08】浙江省C8名校协作体2022-2

023学年高三上学期第一次联考IliveinthelandofDisney,Hollywoodandyear-roundsun.Youmaythinkpeopleinsuchaglamorous,fun-filledplacearehappierthanothers.Ifso,yo

uhavesomemistakenideasaboutthenatureofhappiness.Manyintelligentpeoplestillequatehappinesswithfun.Thetruthisthat

funandhappinesshavelittleornothingincommon.Funiswhatweexperienceduringanact.Happinessiswhatweexperiencea

fteranact.Itisadeeper,moreabidingemotion.Goingtoanamusementparkorballgame,watchingamovieortelevision,arefunactivitiesthathelpusrelax,temporaril

yforgetourproblemsandmaybeevenlaugh.Buttheydonotbringhappiness,becausetheirpositiveeffectsendwhenthefunends.Ihaveoftenthoughttha

tifHollywoodstarshavearoletoplay,itistoteachusthathappinesshasnothingtodowithfun.Theserich,beautifulindividualshaveconstanta

ccesstoglamorousparties,fancycars,expensivehomes,everythingthatspells“happiness”.Butinmemoiraftermemoir,celebrit

iesrevealtheunhappinesshiddenbeneathalltheirfun:depression,alcoholism,drugaddiction,brokenmarriages,troubledchildrenandpr

ofoundloneliness.Askabachelorwhyheresistsmarriageeventhoughhefindsdatingtobelessandlesssatisfying.Ifhe’shonest,hewill

tellyouthatheisafraidofmakingacommitment.Forcommitmentisinfactquitepainful.Thesinglelifeisfilledwithfun,adventureandexc

itement.Marriagehassuchmoments,buttheyarenotitsmostdistinguishingfeatures.Similarly,couplesthatchoosenottohav

echildrenaredecidinginfavorofpainlessfunoverpainfulhappiness.Theycandineoutwhenevertheywantandsleepas

lateastheywant.Coupleswithinfantchildrenareluckytogetawholenight’ssleeporathree-dayvacation.Idon’tknowanyparentwh

owouldchoosethewordfuntodescriberaisingchildren.Understandingandacceptingthattruehappinesshasnothingtodowithfunisoneofthem

ostliberatingrealizationswecanevercometo.Itliberatestime:nowwecandevotemorehourstoactivitiesthatcangenuinelyincrease

ourhappiness.Itliberatesmoney:buyingthatnewcarorthosefancyclothesthatwilldonothingtoincreaseourhappinessnowseemspointless.Anditliberatesusfromenv

y:wenowunderstandthatallthoserichandglamorouspeopleweweresosurearehappybecausetheyarealwayshavingsomuchf

unactuallymaynotbehappyatall.8.Whichofthefollowingistrue?A.Funcreateslong-lastingsatisfaction.B.Happiness

isenduringwhereasfunisshort-lived.C.Funprovidesenjoymentwhilepainleadstohappiness.D.Funthatislong-standingmayleadtohappiness.9.Totheauthor,

Hollywoodstarsallhaveanimportantroletoplaythatisto________.A.writememoiraftermemoirabouttheirhappinessB.teachpeoplehowtoenjoytheirlivesC.t

ellthepublicthathappinesshasnothingtodowithfunD.bringhappinesstothepublicinsteadofgoingtoglamorousparties10.Having

infantchildren,thecouplescan________.A.gainhappinessfromtheircommitmentB.findfuningettingthemintobedatnightC.findmoretimetoplayandjokewiththem

D.beluckysincetheycanhaveawholenight’ssleep11.Ifonegetsthemeaningofthetruesenseofhappiness,hewill________

.A.stopplayinggamesandjokingwithothersB.keephimselfwithhisfamilyC.giveafreehandtomoneyD.makethebestuseofhis

timetoincreasehappiness【09】甘肃省张掖市2022-2023学年高三上学期第一次诊断考试Elderlypeoplehaveahigherchanceofsufferingfromillnessessuchasdiabetes,cancer,andheartdisease.

OnecommonhealthproblemthataffectsthemisAlzheimer’sdisease,whichaffectsaperson’smemory,behavior,andthinking.Becauseofmemorylossa

ndbehavioralchanges,peoplewithAlzheimer’smayslowlybecomeunabletotakecareofthemselves,eventuallyrequiringconstantc

arefromfamilymembersorcaregivers.ThereisnocureforAlzheimer’satthemoment—drugscanonlytreatitssymptoms.Buttechnologycanimpro

vethelivesofthoselivingwiththeconditionbymakingiteasierforthemtogoabouttheirdailyactivities.Forexample,trackingdevicesp

lacedinwatchesorjewelrycanmonitorwhereapersonis.Automatedreminderscanalsobestoredinmotionsensorsandplace

daroundthehouse.Whenasensordetectsmovement,itcanplayarecordedvoicemessagetoremindthepersontolockthedoororturnoffthestove.Alzh

eimer’sdiseaseisahugechallenge,butwemaybegettingclosetofindingasolution.Inthefuture,itmightbepossibletotreatAlzheimer’swithoutusingdrugs.Ate

amofresearchersinAustraliahascreatedaformoftechnologythatcansendsoundwavesintothebrain.ThesesoundwaveshelptoclearwasteinthebrainthatcontributestoAl

zheimer’s.Theteamhastestedtheirtechnologyandfoundthatithelpedtorestorememoryin75percentofmice.Workonthetechnologyisn’tcomplet

e,but,ifsuccessful,itcouldpreventmemorylossinpeoplewithAlzheimer’s.Thisreallydoesfundamentallychangetheunderstand

ingofhowtotreatthisdiseaseandresearchersforeseeagreatfutureforthisapproach.12.Alzheimer’sisadiseasethatmainlyaffectsth

e____.A.musclesB.bloodC.brainD.heart13.Uptonow,whichcanhelpAlzheimer’spatientswhogetlosteasily?A.Trackingdevices.B.Automatedreminders.C.Se

ndingsoundwavesintothebrain.D.Restoringmemory.14.Whichofthefollowingcanreplace“contributesto”inthelastparagraph?A.Helpstocu

re.B.Helpstocause.C.Helpstoworsen.D.Helpstoprevent.15.What’sthemainideaofthetext?A.Elderlypeoplewillbegintofacemanyc

hallenges.B.Societyshouldprovideenoughhealthcaretoelderlypeople.C.There’saneedtobetterunderstandthecauseofAlzheimer’s.D.Technologymightsolv

esomeproblemsofpeoplewithAlzheimer’s.【10】浙江省C8名校协作体2022-2023学年高三上学期第一次联考AlbertEinstein’s1915masterpiece

“TheFoundationoftheGeneralTheoryofRelativity”isthefirstandstillthebestintroductiontothesubject,andIrecommenditassuchtostudents.Butitprob

ablywouldn’tbepublishableinascientificjournaltoday.Whynot?Afterall,itwouldpasswithflyingcoloursthetest

sofcorrectnessandsignificance.Andwhilepopularbeliefholdsthatthepaperwasincomprehensibletoitsfirstreaders,infactmanypapersintheoreticalphysicsaremuch

moredifficult.AsthephysicistRichardFeynmanwrote,“Therewasatimewhenthenewspaperssaidthatonly12menunderstoodthe

theoryofrelativity.Idobelievetheremighthavebeenatimewhenonlyonemandid,becausehewastheonlyguywhocaughton,beforehewrotehispaper.Butafterpeoplereadthe

paperalotunderstoodthetheoryofrelativityinsomewayorother,certainlymorethan12.”No,theproblemisitsstyle.Itstartswithaleisurelyphilosophicaldiscus

sionofspaceandtimeandthencontinueswithanexpositionofknownmathematics.Thosetwosections,whichwouldbeconsideredextraneoustoday,takeupha

lfthepaper.Worse,therearezerocitationsofpreviousscientists’work,norarethereanygraphics.Thosefeaturesmightmakeapapernotevengetpastthefirsteditors.A

similarprocessofprofessionalizationhastransformedotherpartsofthescientificlandscape.Requestsforresearchtimeatmajorobservatoriesorn

ationallaboratoriesaremorerigidlystructured.Andanythinginvolvingworkwithhumansubjects,orputtinginstruments

inspace,involvespilesofpaperwork.WeseeitalsointheRegeneronScienceTalentSearch,theNobelPrizeofhighschoolsc

iencecompetitions.Intheearlydecadesofits78-yearhistory,thewinningprojectswereusuallythesortofcleverbutnaive,amateuri

sheffortsonemightexpectoftalentedbeginnersworkingontheirown.Today,polishedworkcomingoutofinternships(实习)atest

ablishedlaboratoriesisthenorm.Theseprofessionalizingtendenciesareanaturalconsequenceoftheexplosivegrowthofmodernscie

nce.Standardizationandsystemmakeiteasiertomanagetherapidflowofpapers,applicationsandpeople.Butthereareseriousdownsides.Aloto

funproductiveeffortgoesintojumpingthroughbureaucratichoops(繁文缛节),andoutsidersfaceentrybarriersateveryturn.Ofc

ourse,Einsteinwouldhavefoundhiswaytomeetingmodernstandardsandpublishinghisresults.Itsscientificcorewouldn’thavechanged,butthep

apermightnotbethesametastetoread.12.AccordingtoRichardFeynman,Einstein’s1915paper________.A.wasaclassi

cintheoreticalphysicsB.turnedouttobecomprehensibleC.neededfurtherimprovementD.attractedfewprofessionals13.Whatdoestheunderlin

edword“extraneous”inParagraph4mean?A.Unrealistic.B.Irrelevant.C.Unattractive.D.Imprecise.14.Accordingtotheauthor,whatisaffectedasmodernsci

encedevelops?A.Theapplicationofresearchfindings.B.Theprincipleofscientificresearch.C.Theselectionofyoungtalents.D.Theevaluationoflaboratories.15.Whic

hwouldbethebesttitleforthispassage?A.WhatmakesEinsteingreat?B.Willsciencebeprofessionalized?C.CouldEinsteingetpublishedtoday?D.Howwillmodernsc

iencemakeadvances?【11】江苏省南京师范大学附属中学2022-2023学年高三上学期第一次月考Modernzoosaimtopromoteanimalconservation,educatepeop

le,andsupportfurtherwildliferesearch.Staffaredevotedtoprovidingspeciesspecifichousingandappropriatedietstoensurethatthea

nimals’livesareasnaturalaspossiblewithincaptivity(圈养).Infact,mostzooanimalshavebeenbornandbredincaptivity.Theyhaveneverexperienced“thewild”,whichmany

peopleassumeisawonderfulandsafeplace,despitedestructionofnaturalhabitsforpalmoilthreatsfromclimatechange

ortheincreaseinpoaching.Therearetwowayscapturinganimalshelpsconservethem.Zooconservationworkcanbein-sit

u(在原处)wheremoney:expertiseandsometimesstaffareprovidedtoprotectanimalsandtheirhabitatsinthewild.Large,charminganimal

ssuchaspandas,tigersorelephantsdrawthecrowds.Theseflagshipspecieshelptoraisetheimageandfundsforin-situconservationeffortsforthenotsowel

lknownspecies“Ex-situ”conservation,meanwhile,takesplaceoutsideoftheanimals’naturalhabitats,usuallybackatthe

zooandofteninvolvinginternationalcaptivebreedingprograms.Thesestudbooks(良种登记册)canoutlinesuitablegeneticmat

chesforbreeding,tokeepasustainablecaptivepopulationofacertainspeciesandensuregeneticvariation.IntheUKaleast,zoosmusthaveawrittene

ducationstrategyandanactiveeducationprogramme.Ifyouhavebeentoanaccredited(官方认可的)zoorecentlyyouwillhavenoticedtheyusegamesan

dtechnologytogowaybeyondthesebasicrequirements.Researchwithinzoosoftenlooksatanimalbehaviourorwelfarehelpingtoensuretheanimals

arewellhousedandfed.Otherresearchinvestigatestheimpacthumanshaveonthezooanimalsfromthevisitoreffecttoth

erelationshipswhichcanbeformedbetweentheanimalsandtheirkeepers.Researchalsofocusesonbiologicalfunctioningofanimals.Muchofthisisworkthatcannotbe

conductedinthewildiftheanimalsliveinremoteorinhospitableareas.Overall,zoosprovideopportunitiestoobserveandengagewithexotic(外国的)animals,manyofwhich

maybethreatenedwithextinctioninthewild.Seeingthemupclosecancauseapassionforbiology,conservationandtheenvironment.12.Wha

tdopeoplethinkof“thewild”?A.Itposesadangertohumans.B.ItisperfectforlargeanimalsC.Itisanidealhabitatforanimals.D.Itguaranteesthesafetyofanimals.1

3.Whathighlights“ex-situ”conservation?A.Savingtheconservationcost.B.Attractingmorevisitorstozoos.C.Keepingaspecies’populationstable.D.Changingthegen

esofacertainspecies.14.WhatisParagraph6mainlyabout?A.Howzookeepersgetalongwithanimals.B.Howzooscancontributetoresearchw

ork.C.Whatresearchersareexpectedtodoinzoos.D.Whyitisdifficulttocarryoutresearchinthewild.15.Whatistheauthor’spurposeinwringthetext?A.Toshowzo

oswaystoraiseanimals.B.Tostressmodernzoosresearchvalue.C.Todefendzoosroleinprotectinganimals.D.Toadvisezoostoreleaseanimalsintothewi

ld.【12】江苏省苏州市2022〜2023学年高三上学期八校联考Astheeffectsofclimatechangebecomemoredisastrous,well-knownresearchinstitu

tionsandgovernmentagenciesarefocusingnewmoneyandattentiononanidea:artificiallycoolingtheplanet,inthehopesofbuyi

nghumanitymoretimetocutgreenhousegasemissions.Thatstrategy,calledsolarclimateintervention(干预)orsolargeoengin

eering,involvesreflectingmoreofthesun’senergybackintospace—abruptlyreducingglobaltemperaturesinawaythatimitat

estheeffectsofashcloudsflowingoutfromthevolcaniceruptions.Theideahasbeenconsideredasadangerousandfanciedsolution,onethatwouldencouragepeopletokee

pburningfossilfuelswhileexposingtheplanettounexpectedandpotentiallythreateningsideeffects,producingmoredestructi

vehurricanes,wildfiresfloodsandotherdisasters.But.asglobalwarmingcontinues,producingmoredestructiveh

urricanes,wildfiresfloodsandotherdisasters,someresearchersandpolicyexpertssaythatconcernsaboutgeoengineeringshouldbeoutweighedbyt

heimperativetobetterunderstandit,incasetheconsequenceofclimatechangebecomesoterriblethattheworldcan’twaitforbettersolutions.Onewaytocooltheeart

hisbyinjectingaerosols(气溶胶)intotheupperlayeroftheatmosphere.wherethoseparticlesreflectsunlightawayfromtheearth.Thatprocessworks,accordingtoDo

uglasMacMartin,aresearcheratCornellUniversity.“Weknowwith100%certaintythatwecancooltheplanet,”hesaidinaninterview.

What’sstillunclear,headded,iswhathappensnext.Temperature,MacMartinsaid,isanindicatorforalotofclimateeffects.“Whatdoesitdotothestrengthofhur

ricanes?”heasked,“Whatdoesitdotoagricultureproduction?Whatdoesitdototheriskofforestfires?”AnotherinstitutionfundedbytheNationalScienceFounda

tionwillanalyzehundredsofsimulationsofaerosolinjection,testingtheeffectsonweatherextremesaroundtheworld.Onegoaloft

heresearchistolookforasweetspot:theamountofartificialcoolingthatcanreduceextremeweathereventswithoutcausingbroaderchangesinregionalrainfallpattern

sorsimilarimpacts.12.Whydoresearchersandgovernmentagenciesworkoncoolingtheearth?A.Topreventnaturaldisasters.B.Towinmore

timetoreducegasemissions.C.Toimitatevolcaniceruptions.D.Toencouragemorepeopletoburfossilfuels.13.Whatareresearchersworriedabou

tintermsofglobalwarming?A.Morevolcanoeswillthrowout.B.Moresolarenergywillgointospace.C.Moredisasterswillendangerthefutureofthew

orld.D.Peoplewillkeepburningfossilfuelstokeepwarm.14.WhatcanbeinferredfromDouglas’wordsinaninterview?A.Hethinksmoreresearchremainst

obedone.B.Heisoptimisticabouttheeffectofcoolingtheearth.C.Heisconcernedaboutthereductioninagricultureproduction.D.Hedisapprovesofthepractic

eofsolarclimateintervention.15.Whatdoestheunderlinedwords“sweetspot”inthelastparagraphmean?A.Therainfallpatternofaregion.B.Themodestdropintempe

rature.C.Thenumberofextremeweatherevents.D.Theinjectionamountofaerosol.【13】2023届广东省六校高三上学期第二次联考Dreams,accordingtoCarlJung,revealacertainamo

untofrealityhiddenduringwakingconsciousness.InJungianphilosophy,theconflictandchaosexperiencedindreamsfinallybringordertoourlives.WhileJung’smysti

caltheoriesaredebatable,hewasnotmistakenabouttheimportanceofdreaming.Agrowingnumberofreportsshowthatacontinuouslackofdreamingisdamagingourwaki

nghoursinmanyways.Thistrendiscausingdamagetoourimmuneandmetabolic(新陈代谢的)systems,letalonetheelectronicproductsthatkee

pusuplateatnightareruiningoursleeppatterns,whichhaslong-termconsequencesonourmemorysystem.Onestudyshowe

dthatnotallowingmicetohaveadequateamountsofREM(RapidEyeMovement)sleep,thestageinwhichwedream,themicecouldn’

tstrengthenmemories.Youmightthinkthisisjustasleepproblem,butdreamingisinseparablefromournighttimerest.Wesleepin

cycles(周期),eachlastingabout90minutes;inasleepcycle,wegothroughnon-REMsleepbeforehittingREM.Asthenightprogr

esses,REMsleepperiodsincreaseinlengthwhiledeepsleep(oneofthestagesofnon-REMsleep)decreases.Thelongerwesleep,themoretimewespendinREM,whichiswhywea

reoftendreamingwhenwakingupinthemorning.Ifwesleeplessthansevenhours,however,itbecomeshardertoachievethislevelofREM.Thecombinationofsleeping

anddreamingactsasanemotionalstabilizer.Werecoverfromemotionalhurtfasterwhenwesleepanddreamproperly.However,we’renotgettingenoughsleeptocyc

lethroughthestagestotakeadvantageofthisnaturalcircadiananti-depressant(抗抑郁剂)—dreams.Instead,wegetdepressedandturntoalcoholormedicinestogettosleep,w

hichonlymakesthingsworsebecauseevenonedrinkleadstolateREMwhileanti-depressantspromotedeepsleepattheexpenseofREM.We

’repayingforthislackofdreaminginmanyways.Forexample,a2021studystatedthatcomparedwithquietrestandnon-REMsleep,REMpromotedtheformationofassociat

ivenetworksandtheintegration(整合)ofunassociatedinformation.VolunteersthatexperiencedmoreREMsleepwerebetterequippedforsolvingproblemsrequiringcrea

tivesolutions.RowanHooper,themanagingeditoratNewScientist,writesthatdreamsthatincludean“emotionalcore”appeartobeamainfunctionofREMsleepandthatwesho

uldlookatsleeppatternsasseriouslyaswedodietandexercisehabits.12.What’sCarlJung’sviewaboutdreams?A.Theycausechaos.B.Theydamageim

munity.C.Theyrevealsecrets.D.Theymirrorreality.13.Whyisthesleepprocessexplainedinparagraph3?A.ToshowadreammainlyoccursduringREM

sleep.B.Toprovetheminimumsleeptimeshouldbesevenhours.C.Toprovedreamproblemsandsleepproblemsareattached.D.Toshowpeople

oftendreamwhenwakingupinthemorning.14.Whatconclusioncanbeinferredfromparagraph5?A.Dreamingpromotescreativity.B.Dreaminghelpsfight

depression.C.ThebrainstillreceivesnewinformationduringREMsleep.D.Thebrainispayingthepriceforhavingmorenon-REMsle

ep.15.What’sthemainideaofthepassage?A.Theimportanceofsleepliesindreams.B.Theabsenceofdreamsisterribleforus.C.Dreamingpatternsaremoreimportantthanw

erealize.D.Dreaminghasmysticalpowerofstrengtheningmemories.【14】湖南省长沙市雅礼中学2022-2023学年高三上学期月考二Thedeep-seaoilandgasindustryhasvastandcostlyfac

ilitiestomaintain.Wells,otherequipment,andthousandsofkilometersofpipelinesmustbeinspectedandrepaired.Now,cutting-ed

geunderwaterdrones(无人机)androbotsarebeingdevelopedthatcouldmaketheworksaferandcheaper.AmongthemisEelu

me,asix-meter-long,snake-likerobotequippedwithsensorsandacameraateachend.Itcanbekeptatastationatdepthsofuptohalfakilo

meterforsixmonths,withoutbeingbroughtbacktothesurface.Therobotcantravelupto20kilometersbeforeneedingtore

turntoitsstationtorecharge.Maintenanceworkatmanydeep-waterwellsandpipelinesystemsisalreadycarriedoutbyunma

nnedvehicles.Butthesevehiclestypicallyneedtobetransportedtotheoffshoresiteonafullycrewedshipandthenremotelyoperatedfromonboardt

hesurfaceship.Thatcancostupto$100,000perday,accordingtoPålLiljebäck,chieftechnologyofficerwithEelumeSubseaIntervention,wh

ichdevelopedtherobot.Liljebäcksaysthatby“enablingtherobottobecomeasubsearesidentlivingatastation,itcanbem

obilizedatanytimetodoinspections,therebyreducingtheneedforcostlysurfaceships”.Eelumecanworkautonomouslyontasksassignedfromacontrolroomonshore

,andsendbackvideoanddata.Itssnake-likedesignallowsittoworkinsmallspacesandwriggle(扭动)itsbodytostayinplaceinstrongcurrents.Bystaying

underthesea,itcancarryouttaskswhatevertheconditionsonthesurfaceoftheocean.Theglobalunderwaterroboticsmarketisexpectedt

obewortharound$7billionin2025,accordingtoanalysts,andothercompaniesareintheprocessofcommercializingnewdeep-seadroneandrobottechnology.EelumeSubseaInt

erventionwillcarryoutfinaltestingontheseabedlaterthisyearattheÅsgardoilandgasfield.Itexpectstoputitsfirstsnakerobotsintousenextyearandhopest

ohaveupto50inoceansaroundtheworldby2027.12.WhatisonefeatureofEelume?A.Itcantravelnearly40kilometersbeforerecharging

.B.Itcandiveasdeepas500meters.C.Itworksmainlyaroundthestation.D.Itworksfor6monthsononecharge.13.Whatistheproblemwithunmannedvehi

cles?A.Theyaretoocostlytomaintain.B.Theyarehardtooperateremotely.C.Theyrequiretransportationtoandfromwork.D.Theyhavetoworkonafu

llycrewedshipallthetime.14.WhatcanbeexpectedofEelumeinthefuture?A.Itwillrequirenofurthertests.B.Itwillbewortharound$7billion.C.Itwillbeputonthem

arketin2027.D.Itwillfacealotofcompetitors.15.Whatisthemainideaofthepassage?A.Asnakerobotisonitswayforunderwatert

asks.B.Eelumeisthenewchoiceforconstructingpipelines.C.Maintenanceworkontheoceanfloorisariskyjob.D.Unmannedvehiclesmarketinghasseens

tronggrowth.【15】江苏省泰州中学2022-2023学年高三上学期第一次月检MitsuhiroIwamotoisablindpersonwhosailednon-stopacrossthePacificOcean.OneofMr.Iwamoto’sfriendssays,“Hefeel

sthewavesandhecansensethespeedandangleofthewindstoadjustthesailsproperly.”TheonlythingMr.Iwamotocan’tdoissee.SoheteamedupwithDougSmith.In2013,M

r.IwamototriedtosailacrossthePacific.Butafteronlyfivedaysatsea,hisboatwashitbyawhale.Theboatsank,andhespent11hoursfloatinginthe

seainaliferaftbeforehewasrescued.WhenMr.SmithlearnedthestoryofMr.Iwamoto’sdefeatduringhisfirstattemptatcrossingthePacifi

c,ithadabigeffectonhim.Hedecidedtojointhetripnotjusttoprovethattheycoulddoit,butalsotocollectfundsforapublicwelfarefoundationtha

tboughtmedicalinsuranceforpoorchildren.HegotintouchwithMr.Iwamoto.Thetworealizedthattheywouldmakeagoodteam.Itto

okalotofcouragetomakeasecondattemptafterthefailure.ButMr.Iwamotowasdetermined.Hebegantotrainforthetrip.Heskied,ranha

lf-marathonsandmarathons,andtookpartintriathlons(raceswithswimming,biking,andrunning).Mr.Smithboughta12-metersailboatfromlocalpeople.Theytookd

rinkingwaterandenoughfoodfor60days.ThesailboathadsolarpanelstokeeptheGPSandthesatellitephonecharged.OnFebruar

y24,Mr.IwamotosetoutfromSanDiego,Californiaontheir14,000-kilometertrip.Finally,around9a.m.onApril20—aftersailingnon-sto

pfor55days,thetwoarrivedinIwaka,FukushimaPrefecture,Japan,“Peopleoftensaythatthephysicalillnesscan’tstopaper

sonfrommakingadifference,butIhavetowalkthewalktoproveit,”Mr.Iwamotosaid.4.WhatcanbeinferredaboutDougSmith?A.Hespentalotoftimeintheocean.B.

Hehadgreatskillsinsailingtheboat.C.Heworkedasaguideduringthetrip.D.Heboughttheinsurancebeforethetrip.5.Wh

ydidDougSmithjointhetrip?A.Tohuntwhales.B.Toraisemoneyforcharity.C.Torescuepeoplelostintheocean.D.Tobeins

earchoffameandfortune.6.Whatisthethirdparagraphmainlyabout?A.Thepreparationstheymadeforthetrip.B.Thesupporttheyreceivedfromloc

alpeople.C.Theequipmenttheyboughtfortheirtraining.D.Thedifficultytheyencounteredduringthetrip.7.Whatcanwelearnfromthis

story?A.Neverlookdownonunderdogs.B.Actionsspeaklouderthanwords.C.Afriendinneedisafriendindeed.D.Bethechangeyouwanttoseeint

heworld.【16】河北省邢台市六校联考2022-2023学年高三上学期第一次月考Sincethebeginningofthesummerin2022,Chinahasbeenswelteringundertheworstheatwaveindecades.Anumberofpe

opleinZhejiang,Henan,JiangsuandSichuanprovinceswerediagnosedwiththermoplegia(热射病),themostsevereformofheatstroke,andsomeevendiedof

thisdisease.Inawarmingworld,thehazardsofheatwavesareincreasing.Accordingtoastudy,thenumberofdeathscausedbyheatwa

vesinChinahasincreasedrapidlysince1979,from3,679personsperyearinthe1980sto15,500personsperyearinthe2010s.Hightemperatureswouldaccel

eratethelossinsoilmoisture(水分)andhurtthegrowthofcorn,cotton,treesandfruits.What’smore,eachadditionaldegreeofwarmingwillincreasecropl

ossestoinsectsby10-25percent,threateningfoodsecurityforbillionsofpeople.Chinahaswitnessedarangeofextremeweatherevents,includingheavyrainfall,floodin

g,tornadoesandrecordheatwavesthisyear.Meteorologicalofficialssaidthecountryhadanaveragetemperatureof21.3degreesCelsiusinJune,0.9degrees

Celsiushigherthanthesameperiodonaverage,andthehighestrecordforthesameperiodsince1961.Expertssaythatwhileextremesummerheatisnoten

tirelynew,thesesortsofoccurrencescouldbesomethingthatbecomesastandardpartoflife,requiringpeopletostartlearninghowtocopewithheatwavest

hatmaycontinuefortherestofsummerandwellintothefuture.Rememberthatevenhealthy,youngathletescanbeharmedbyextremeheat,soeveryactivit

y,indoorsoroutdoors,shouldbeevaluatedwhenextremeheathits.Therearesomewaystostaysafeduringextremeheatevents,suchasdrinkingplentyofwater,lo

okingforshadeorremaininginshadewhenoutside,andavoidingcookinglargemealsthatcanaddheattoyourindoorenvironment.8.Whydoesthewrite

rmentionthefourprovincesinChina?A.Tointroducethetopic.B.Toshowtherisinggrowthofpopulation.C.Toidentifythei

mpactoftheworstheatwave.D.Tooffertheaccuratedataforthethermoplegia.9.Whatdostheunderlinedword“hazards”inparagraphsprobablymean?A.Panic

s.B.Dangers.C.Outcomes.D.Expenses.10.Whatcanweinferfromparagraph3?A.Ruralareassuffermorefromheatwave

sthancities.B.Chinahaswitnessedtheworstclimateeverin2022.C.Climatechangeresultsinthedeclineininsectspecies

.D.Hightemperatureshavenegativeeffectsonagriculture.11.Whatdoesthewriterwanttoconveyinthelastparagraph?A.Waystod

ealwithextremeheat.B.Thetendencyofheatwavesinthefuture.C.Effectsofglobalwarmingontheenvironment.D.Thesignificanceofkeepinghealthyinsumm

er.【17】江苏省泰州中学2022-2023学年高三上学期第一次月检Manyexceptionalhumanskills,suchasreadingandmasteringamusicalinstrument,re

quirethousandsofhoursofpracticeandconsistentcognitiveeffort.Popularscientifictheoriesholdthatcognitiveeffort

isexperiencedasunpleasantandpeopletrytoavoiditwheneverpossible.However,therearemanysituationsineverydaylifeinwhic

hpeopleseemtoexertthemselves(努力)voluntarily,evenifthereisnoobviousexternalreward.Forexample,manypeopleenjoyso

lvingSudokupuzzles,studentsareoftenmotivatedbychallengingintellectualtasks,andamateurpianistscanspendho

ursstrivingforperfectionwithoutanyexternalreward.ItisbasedonthesefactsthatresearchersfromtheUniversityofV

iennaandtheTechnischeUniversitatDresdencriticallyquestionedwhethercognitiveeffortisalwaysaversive(令人

嫌恶的)andsoughttoaddressthisquestioninacurrentprojectoftheCollaborativeResearchCenter(SFB)940.Inthefirstexperimentwith121participants,

theresearchersusedcardiovascularmeasurements(activityoftheheart)todeterminehowhardpeopleexertedthemselvesincognitivetasksofvaryingd

ifficultylevels.Inonegroup,rewardwasdirectlydeterminedbyeffort:ifapersonexertedmoreeffortondifficultlevelsofthetask,theyreceiv

edahigherrewardthanoneasierlevelsinwhichtheyexertedlittleeffort.Inthecontrolgroup,therewardwasrandomlyassignedandwasindependentofhowmucheffortso

meoneinvested.Thetotalrewardonofferwaskeptconstantbetweengroups,withonlythecontingency(可能性)betweeneffortandrewardbeingmanipulated.Subseque

ntly,allsubjectsworkedonmathtaskswheretheycouldchoosethedifficultylevelofthetaskstheywantedtoworkon.“Subjectswhohadprev

iouslybeenrewardedforeffortsubsequentlychosemoredifficulttasksthansubjectsinthecontrolgroup,eventhoughtheywereawarethattheywouldnolongerrece

iveanexternalreward,”explainsProf.VeronikaJobfromtheFacultyofPsychologyattheUniversityofVienna.“Theresultsshowedthea

ssumptionthatpeoplewanttotakethepathofleastresistancemaynotbeaninherent(固有的)characteristicofhumanmotivatio

n.Thetendencytoavoidchallengingtaskscouldratherbetheresultofindividuallearninghistoriesthatdifferdependingontherewardpattern:wasitmainlyp

erformanceoreffortthatwasrewarded?”concludesThomasGoschke,ProfessorofGeneralPsychologyatTUDresdenandspokes

personofSFB940.8.WiththeexamplesinParagraph2,theauthoraimsto________A.challengesomescientifictheoriesB.enc

ouragepeopletomakegreateffortsC.inspiresomeresearchonpeople’seffortsD.explainthemotivationbehindpeople’sefforts9.Whatdidtheresearcherswanttofindo

utbymeasuringtheparticipants’heartactivity?A.Theirwillingnesstoperformthetask.B.Theimpactoftasksontheparticip

ants.C.Theefforttheyputinthecognitivetask.D.Theirreactiontodifficultcognitivetasks.10.Whatcanwelearnaboutthesubjectswhowererewa

rdedforeffort?A.Theyweremotivatedtochallengethemselves.B.Theyalwaysexpectedtoreceiveabiggerreward.C.T

heyturnedouttobeclevererthanthecontrolgroup.D.Theywereabletofigureoutbetterwaystosolveproblems.11.Whatwouldbethebesttitleofthetext?A

.WorkhardtoimproveyourselfB.LearntoenjoycognitiveeffortC.IttakestimeforyourefforttopayoffD.Itisworth

whiletoperformdifficulttasks【18】江苏省泰州中学2022-2023学年高三上学期第一次月检Dailylifehasitssatisfactions.Theperfectreplytoafriend’stex

tmessage.Thefirstafter-workdrink.Butdoanyreallycomparetothejoyofgoingtosleep?Somehowwehavepushedthispleasuretothebackofthequeue.AthirdofAmeri

canadultsreportsleepinglessthantherecommendedsevenhours.Forsome,theproblemismodernlife:emails,to-dolistsandscreens.Forotherpeople,it’sthedeman

dsofworkorfamily.Thentherearethosewhocan’tsleepwhentheytry.Uptoonein10adultscouldmeetthecriteria(标准)forinso

mnia(失眠).Themixofexperienceshasledustotakesleepingmorescientifically.Acenturyago,weweren’tawarethatthebrain’selectricalact

ivitychangesduringsleep.Nowthere’sevidencethatalackofsleepisassociatedwithhigherriskofdepression,cancer,Alzheimer’sandobesity.Researchpublish

edintheEuropeanHeartJournalrecentlyreportsthatheartdiseasewasloweramongpeoplewhowenttosleepbetween10pmand11pm,nomatterhowlon

gtheyslept.Suchresearchisallwellandgood.Butaftertheriseofstepcounters,issleepthenextpartofhumanexperiencethatwillbecomeincreasinglytracked,countedand

compared?WesighatLinkedInuserswhoclaimtowakeupat5amandlearnChinese.Butwhatifpeoplearetoocommittedtoagoodsleep?SleepresearcherM

atthewWalkeroncesaid,“Ihaveanon-negotiableeight-hoursleepopportunitywindow.”Butforme,makingone’ssleepsoinflexiblejuststrikesmeasrathercoldlyindivi

dualistic.Stressingourselvesoutaboutalackofsleepcanaggravatetheproblem.InhisbookOvercomingInsomniaandSle

epProblems,OxfordprofessorColinEspiewritesabout“orthosomnia”,wherepeople’sattentionissofocusedonsleepingwellt

hattheybecometooanxioustodoso.Espiesaysweeachhaveasleeppatternthat,likeashoesize,wefigureoutthroughtrialanderror.Theresearchonbedtimesbetween10pman

d11pmwillcheerthosewholeavepartiesearlyandgiveuplate-nightfootballhighlights,butitestablishesnocausallink.Genetically,somehumansarelark

s(云雀)andsomeareowls.Foranowltotrytofighttheirnaturalschedule,andsleepearlier,itwouldn’tnecessarilyhelp.Oncewewereurgedtosleepwhenweweredea

d.Nowtheenlightenedtellustosleeporwewilldie.Idon’treallybelieveanyofthis.Agoodnight’ssleepisagreatenjoyment.Asfar

aspossible,itshouldalsoremainasimpleone.12.WhatdocsParagraph3mainlytellus?A.Wepaytoomuchattentiontosleepho

ursB.Ourancestorsalwayssufferedfromalackofsleep.C.OurmentalhealthiscloselyrelatedtoourbrainactivityD.Wenowhaveabetterunderstanding

ofthebenefitsofsleep.13.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“aggravate”inParagraph5probablymean?A.Ease.B.Worsen.

C.Prevent.D.Address.14.WhichofthefollowingmightColinEspieagreewith?A.Weshouldrespecteveryone’ssleeppattern.B.Anowlshouldtryhardtogoagainsttheirnature

.C.Itisnecessarytocomparedifferentsleeppatterns.D.Weshouldchangeoursleeppatternswhennecessary.15.Whatistheauthor’spurposeinwritingthete

xt?A.Toshowtheimportanceofsleep.B.Toanalyzethecauseofinsomnia.C.Topersuadepeopletogotobedearly.D.Toreducepeople’san

xietyaboutsleep.【19】江西省名校高中2022-2023学年高三上学期联合测评Musiccanreallyaffectyourwell-being,learning,qualityoflife,andevenhappiness.Thefactthat

musiccanmakeadifficulttaskmoretolerablemaybewhystudentsoftenchoosetolistentoitwhiledoingtheirhomework.Butislisten

ingtomusicthesmartchoiceforstudentswhowanttoimprovetheirlearning?Anewstudysuggeststhatforsomestudents,listeningtomus

icisawisestrategy,butforothers,itisn’t.Theeffectofmusiconcognitive(认知的)functionappearstodependpartlyonyourpersonality—sp

ecifically,onyourneedforexternalstimulation(刺激).Researchersnotonlyassessedlisteners’personalitybutalsochangedthedifficulty

ofthetaskandthecomplexityofthemusic.Participantsfirstcompletedapersonalitytestusedtodeterminetheneedforexternalstimulation.Then,the

yengagedinaneasycognitivetask(searchingfortheletterAinlistsofwords)andamorechallengingone(rememberingwordpairs)inor

der.Participantsfinishedbothtasksunderoneoftwosoundconditions:(1)nomusic,(2)withmusic.Thedatasuggestthatforthosewithahighneedofexternalstim

ulation,onthesimpletaskoffindingA’s,thescoresforthemusicconditionweresignificantlyworsethanthoseforthesilentcondition.Ont

hecomplextaskoflearningwordpairs,theirperformancewasworsewhenevermusicwasplayed.Forthosewithalowneedofexternalstimulation,ho

wever,onthesimpletask,suchparticipants’scoresforthemusicconditionweremuchbetterthanthoseforthesilentcondition.Onthecomplextaskoflearningwordpai

rs,theparticipantsshowedasmallbutreliablebenefitwhenlisteningtomusic.Accordingtothestudy,thereareindividuald

ifferencesintheimpactofmusiconcognitivefunction.Studentswhoareeasilyboredandwhoseekoutstimulationshouldbecautiousofadd

ingmusictothemix.Ontheotherhand,studentswithalowneedforstimulationmaybenefitsignificantlyfromthepresenceofmusic.Withtherightpers

onality,therightmusicandtherighttask,thepresenceofmusicmaysignificantlyimprovecognitivefunctioning.Giventhebenefitso

fmusic,subscriptiontoSpotifywillberewarding!12.Whatcanwelearnaboutthestudyinparagraph2?A.Itonlyinvolvedtheparticipants’respons

etomusic.B.Participantscompletedtwotaskswhencomposingsongs.C.Thedifficultyofthetwotasksdecreasedintheexperiment.D.Participantsw

eregroupedbytheirneedforexternalstimulation.13.Whatcanweinferfromtheresultoftheresearch?A.Thecomplexityoftasksmightreducetheben

efitofmusic.B.Studentsshouldlistentomusicwhenperformingcomplextasks.C.Studentswithlessexternalstimulationperformbadlywithmusic.D.Thepresenceofm

usicbenefitsstudentswhoseekforexternalstimulation.14.Whatmighttheunderlinedword“Spotify”be?A.Atravelguide.B.Apsychologyjourna

l.C.Amusicplatform.D.Apersonalitytest.15.Whatcouldbethebesttitleforthearticle?A.Whyismusicessentialinyourstudy?B.Is

musicbeneficialtoyourpersonality?C.Howcanmusicaffectyourexternalstimulation?D.Doesmusicpromoteyourcogn

itiveperformance?【20】湖北省荆州荆门宜昌三校2022-2023学年高三上学期联考试题Petindustryseemstoresistgravity．Withcontinualgrowthoverthepast50yea

rs，itshowsnosignofslowingdown．Withpeopletreatingtheirpetsmoreandmorelikeafamilymember，thepetindustrycontinuestoseeariseinrelatedproductsandservice

s．ThepetindustryintheUSAreachedamilestonein2020，withtotalsalesof$103．6billion，ahistorichigh，accordingtotheAm

ericanPetProductsAssociationStateoftheIndustryReport，comparedtosalesof$48billionin2010．Thatismorethana100%increaseinjustte

nyearsinwhatyoumightconsidertobearelativelyboringindustry．Thepetsupplementindustryhasbeengrowingrapidlyaspetownerstreattheircatslikeamemberofthefamil

y，almostmirroringhumanbehavior．Payattentiontowhathumantrendsforhealthasitmightcrossovertotheirpets．Andifyouthoughtproductinnovationwaslimitedtohuman

s，youwouldbewrong．Wearestartingtoseesignificantamountsofinnovationinpetproductresearchanddevelopment．F

orexample:petwipes．Petwipesareessentiallymoisttowelettes(湿纸巾)usedonpetsaftergoingtothebathroom．Anotherrelativelyn

ewpetproductcategoryispettoothpaste．Thesametrendgoesinthehigh-endproductaswell．Ifitwillmaketheirpetshappier，the

re’sagroupofownerswhowillbuyit．Andthatincludesrelativelyexpensiveluxuryproducts．Anewbrandofkittylitter(猫砂)changescolorbasedonaca

t’surinepHlevelsandthecompanyclaimsthattheproducthelpscatownersdetectillnessintheircats．Itseemsthatanyth

inghumansneed，petsneed．So，perhapsit’snotsurprisingthatpetinsuranceisontherise．Theglobalpetinsurancemarketsizewasestimatedat$3．8billionin2019andisexpe

ctedtoreach$4．4billionin2020accordingtoGrandViewResearch．EvenLemonade，theAI-poweredinsurerrecentlylauncheditsownpetinsu

rancecoverage．32．Whatmakespetindustrycontinuetodevelop？A．ItsresistancetogravityB．People’sgrowthofloveforpetsC．Thesupportofsomeorganiza

tionsD．Thefashionableproductsandservices33．Inwhatwayisthegrowthofpetindustryreflected？A．ThediversityofpetsB．Thefami

lymembers’behaviorC．TheamountofmoneyspentonitD．Human’sneedsfortheirownlife34．Accordingtothepassage，whata

rethetrendsofpetindustrymainlyabout？A．Pets’healthandwellbeingB．Pets’appearanceandbeautyC．Pets’trainingandbehaviorD．Pets

’rescueandprotection35．Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitle？A．Whatistheinfluenceofpetindustry？B．Whydopetownerstreatpetskindly？C．Doesapetbelon

gtofamilymembers？D．Howdoespetindustrycontinuegrowing？【21】广东省深圳市重点高中2023届高三上学期第二次月考Wearetheproductsofevolution,andnotjustevolutionthatoccurred

billionsofyearsago.Asscientistslookdeeperintoourgenes（基因）,theyarefindingexamplesofhumanevolutioninjustthepas

tfewthousandyears.PeopleinEthiopianhighlandshaveadaptedtolivingathighaltitudes.Cattle-raisingpeopleinEastAfricaandnorthernEuropehavegainedamutati

on（突变）thathelpsthemdigestmilkasadults.OnThursdayinanarticlepublishedinCell,ateamofresearchersreportedanewkindo

fadaptation—nottoairortofood,buttotheocean.Agroupofsea-dwellingpeopleinSoutheastAsiahaveevolvedintobetterdivers.Th

eBajau,asthesepeopleareknown,numberinthehundredsofthousandsinIndonesia,MalaysiaandthePhilippines.Theyhavetraditionallylivedonhouseb

oats;inrecenttimes,they’vealsobuilthousesonstilts（支柱）incoastalwaters.“Theyaresimplyastrangertotheland,”saidRodneyC.Jubilado,aUniv

ersityofHawaiiresearcherwhostudiestheBajau.Dr.JubiladofirstmettheBajauwhilegrowinguponSamalIslandinthePhilippines.Theymadealiv

ingasdivers,spearfishingorharvestingshellfish.“Weweresoamazedthattheycouldstayunderwatermuchlongerthanuslocalislanders,”Dr.Jubil

adosaid,“Icouldseethemactuallywalkingunderthesea.”In2015,MelissaIlardo,thenagraduatestudentingeneticsattheUniversityofCopenhagen,heardabouttheBajau.

Shewonderedifcenturiesofdivingcouldhaveledtotheevolutionofphysicalcharacteristicsthatmadethetaskeasie

rforthem.“Itseemedliketheperfectchancefornaturalselectiontoactonapopulation,”saidDr.Ilardo.Shealsosaidtherewerelikelyanumberofothergenesthathel

ptheBajaudive.22.Whatdoestheauthorwanttotellusbytheexamplesinparagraph1?A.Environmentaladaptationofcattleraisers.B.Newknowledgeofhumanevolution.C.

Recentfindingsofhumanorigin.D.Significanceoffoodselection.23.WheredotheBajaubuildtheirhouses?A.Invalleys.B.Nearriver

s.C.Onthebeach.D.Offthecoast.24.WhywastheyoungJubiladoastonishedattheBajau?A.Theycouldwalkonstiltsallday.B.Theyhadasuperbwayoffishing.C.Theyc

ouldstaylongunderwater.D.Theylivedonbothlandandwater.25.Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A.BodiesRemodeledforaLifeatSeaB.Highlanders’Surviva

lSkillsC.BasicMethodsofGeneticResearchD.TheWorld’sBestDivers【22】江苏省南京市2023届高三上学期10月学情调查考试Withnospecialequipment,nofence

sandnowatering,twoabandonedagriculturalfieldsintheUKhavebeenrewilded(重新野化),inlargepartduetotheeffortsofjay

s,whichactually“engineered”thesenewwoodlands.Researchersnowhopethatrewildingprojectscantakeamorenaturalandhands-offapproac

handthatjayscanshedsomeoftheirbadreputations.Thetwofields,whichresearchershavecalledtheNewWildernessandtheOldWil

derness,hadbeenabandonedin1996and1961respectively.Theformerwasabarefield,whilethelatterwasgrassland—bothlaynexttoancientwoodlands.Researchersh

adsuspectedthatthefieldswouldgraduallyreturntowilderness,butitwasimpressivetoseejusthowquicklythishappened,andhow

muchofitwasowedtobirds.Usingaerialdata,theresearchersmonitoredthetwosites.Afterjust24years,theNewWildernesshadgrownintoay

oung,healthywoodwith132livetreesperhectare,overhalfofwhich(57%)wereoaks.Meanwhile,theOldWildernessresembledama

turewoodlandafter39years,with390treesperhectare.“Thisnativewoodlandrestorationwasapproachingthestructu

re(butnotthespeciescomposition)oflong-establishedwoodlandswithinsixdecades,”theresearchersexplainedint

hestudy.Partofthisreforestationwasdonebythewind,andresearcherssuspectthatpreviousgrounddisturbancemayhaveaidedthewoodlandestablishme

nt—whichisgoodnews,asitwouldsuggestthatagriculturalareasmaybereforestedfasterthananticipated.However,animals—Eurasianjays,thrushe

s,woodmice,andsquirrels—alsoplayedanimportantroleinhelpingtheforeststakeshape.Thishandfulofspeciesprovidedmuchofthenatur

alregenerationneededfortheforesttodevelop.Jays,inparticular,seemtohavedonealotofheavylifting.32.Whatdoestheunderl

inedword“shed”inParagraph1referto？A.Beopposedto.B.Beashamedof.C.Getusedto.D.Getridof.33.Whichaspectofthechangesinthetwofieldsimpressedtheresearche

rs?A.Thescaleofthewoodlands.B.Thediversityofthefields.C.Therateofthechanges.D.Thefrequencyofthewilderness.34.Whatdoestheauthorwantto

tellusbyprovidingsomedatainParagragh3?A.Thewoodlandrestorationwasapproachingthestructureoflong-establishedones.B.Muchofthewilde

rnessofthefieldswasowedtobirds.C.Previousgrounddisturbanceaidedthewoodlandestablishment.D.Howquicklythefieldsreturnedtowildernessovertime.35.Wha

tdoesthelastparagraphmainlytalkabout?A.Theessentialroleofhumansinthereforestation.B.Thefactorsthatcont

ributetothereforestation.C.Theimportanceofwoodlandestablishment.D.Thethreatsfacedbyahandfulofwildanima

ls.【23】湖北省襄阳市重点高中2022-2023学年高三上学期第二次月考AnewstudyfocusedonbirdsexamineshowthemovementsofriversintheAmazonhavecontributedtothatarea'sexc

eptionalbiologicaldiversity.Theresearchteam,ledbytheAmericanMuseumofNaturalHistory,foundthatassmallriversystemschangeovertime,theyspurtheevolutionof

newspecies.ThefindingsalsorevealpreviouslyunknownbirdspeciesintheAmazonthatareonlyfoundinsmallareasnexttothesedynamic

riversystems,puttingthemathighriskofextinction.ThelowlandrainforestsoftheAmazonRiverbasinharbor(藏匿)morediversitythananyotherecosystemonth

eplanet.Itisalsoagloballyimportantbiome(生物群落)containingabout18percentofalltreesonEarthandcarryingmorefreshwaterthanthenextsevenlargestriver

basinscombined.ResearchershavelongwonderedandhotlydebatedhowtheAmazon'srichbiodiversityaroseandaccumulated.“EarlyevolutionarybiologistslikeAlf

redRusselWallacenoticedthatmanyspeciesofprimatesandbirdsdifferacrossoppositeriverbanksintheAmazon,”saidthestudy'sleadaut

horLukasMusher.“Moreover,accumulatinggeologicalevidencehassuggestedthattheseriversarehighlydynamic,mo

vingaroundtheSouthAmericanlandscapeoverrelativelyshorttimeperiods,ontheorderofthousandsortensofthousandsofyears.

”ToinvestigatehowthemovementofriversacrossthelandscapehasinfluencedtheaccumulationofbirdspeciesintheA

mazon,theresearcherssequencedthegenomes(基因组)ofsixspeciesofAmazonianbirds.Becausetheseriversmovearoundthelandscapeatdifferenttimescales,the

irmovementscanhavevaryingoutcomesforbirdspecies:whenriverrearrangementsoccurquickly,populationsofbirdsoneachsidecancombinebeforeth

ey'vehadtimetodiffer;whenriverchangeshappenslowly,specieshavealongertimetodivergefromoneanother.28.Whatdoestheunderli

nedword“spur”inParagraph1mean?A.Stimulate.B.Renew.C.Pursue.D.Interrupt.29.Whathaveresearchersdebatedon?A.WhattheAmazon'sbiodiversityindicates.B.How

theAmazon'sbiodiversitywasformed.C.WhethertheAmazonhastherichestbiodiversity.D.WhyAmazonbirdspeciesareatriskofd

istinction.30.WhatcanweconcludefromLukasMusher'swords?A.TherearesixspeciesofAmericanbirds.B.RiversmoveveryslowlyinSouthAmerica.C.Mostspeciesdiffe

racrossoppositeAmazonriverbanks.D.RivermovementmayleadtotheAmazon'sbiodiversity.31.WhathasinfluencedthechangeofbirdspeciesintheAma

zon?A.Thelocationofrivermovement.B.Thepopulationsofbirds.C.Thespeedofrivermovement.D.Theamountofthegenomes.【24】山东省潍坊

市五县市2022-2023学年高三10月统考AsanyoneinmainlandBritainwhohaseverattemptedtogrowberriesornutsorindeedfeedthebirds–wil

lknow,doingsoisequaltoanopeningmoveinagameofchesswithlocalgreysquirrels,agamethesquirrelstendtowin.Greysquirrelsar

ealsofondoftheoccasionalbird’seggortheyoungbird,andenjoytearingandeatingthebarkofyoungbroadleaftrees

,whichcaneitherkillthetreesorleavethemopentoinfection.This,apartfromaffectingbiodiversityandlandscape,

harmsthewoodindustry.Thelossisnotinsignificant:£37ayearinEnglandandwalks.Greysquirrels,introducedfrom

NorthAmericain1876,havealmostreplacednativeredsquirrelsbycompetingthemforfoodandhabitat.Theyarelargerandstronger,andresi

stanttosquirrelpoxvirus,whileredsarenot.About3milliongreysquirrelsnowliveintheUK;theInternationalUnionforC

onservationofNatureliststhegreysquirrelamongthetop100mostharmfulinvasive(入侵的)speciesintheworld.InBritain,m

ucheffortandinventivenesshasbeenmadeinstoppinggreysquirrelprogress,fromtrappingandshootingthem,toreleasingpinemartensintotheir

habitats.Thelatestmove,aworkablesystemforwhichwasthoughttobeadecadeaway,isforbiddingthebreeding(繁殖)ofgreysquirrels.Howev

er,legalchallengebroughtsomanydelaysthattheinvasivegreysquirrelpopulationexpandedtoanunmanageablelevelandwipingoutw

ereabandoned.ThemainissueinBritainwasthoughttobemoretechnologicalthanlegaldesigningadrugthattargetsonl

ygreysquirrelstopreventtheirbreeding.AnotherpossibilityintheyearsaheadistouseDNAeditingtoensuregreyfemalearebo

rnunabletogivebirth.Greysquirrelshavenowbeenherefornearly150years.TheydoactivelythreatenanotherspeciesinBritain.Thereisastrongargum

entthatecosystemschange.Infact,thatistheiressentialnature,anditisunrealistictostopit.Theattractionofcontrollingthebreedingmethodsofgreysquirrelsist

hattheyarelessinhumane,andaimforbalanceratherthanuprooting.28.Whatdoestheauthorfocusoninparagraph1?A.Theharmfr

omgreysquirrels.B.Theeatinghabitsofgreysquirrels.C.Theeffectofgreysquirrelsonindustry.D.ThegamebetweentheBritishandgreysquirrels.29.Whatledt

othevictoryofgreysquirrelsoverreds?A.Theirhugenumber.B.Theiruniqueorigins.C.Theirbreedingability.D.Theirphysicalqualities.30.W

hatisthemaindifficultyinremovinggreysquirrelsinBritain?A.Lesslabour.B.Shortageofmoney.C.Imperfectlaw.D.Lackoftechnology.31.Whatistheauthor’sat

titudetoforbiddingthebreedingofgreysquirrels?A.Unclear.B.Objective.C.Favorable.D.Doubtful.