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2023届高三英语名校新题快递--10月月考专辑专题03阅读理解之说明文原卷版【01】2023届广东省六校高三上学期第二次联考【02】安徽省皖豫名校联盟2022-2023学年高三上学期第一次联考【03】广东省广州市第五中学2022-2023学年高三上学期10月月【04】浙江省强基

联盟2022-2023学年高三上学期10月联考【05】湖南省长沙市长郡中学2022-2023学高三上学期月考卷（二）【06】河南省实验中学2022-2023学年高三上学期第二次月考【07】湖南省长沙市长郡中学2022-2023学高三上学期月考卷

（二）【08】浙江省C8名校协作体2022-2023学年高三上学期第一次联考【09】甘肃省张掖市2022-2023学年高三上学期第一次诊断考试【10】浙江省C8名校协作体2022-2023学年高三上学期第一次联

考【11】江苏省南京师范大学附属中学2022-2023学年高三上学期第一次月考【12】江苏省苏州市2022〜2023学年高三上学期八校联考【13】2023届广东省六校高三上学期第二次联考【14】湖南省长沙市雅

礼中学2022-2023学年高三上学期月考二【15】江苏省泰州中学2022-2023学年高三上学期第一次月检【16】河北省邢台市六校联考2022-2023学年高三上学期第一次月考【17】江苏省泰州中学2022-2023学年高三上学期第一次月检【18】江苏省泰州中学2022-2023学年高三上学期第

一次月检【19】江西省名校高中2022-2023学年高三上学期联合测评【20】湖北省荆州荆门宜昌三校2022-2023学年高三上学期联考试题【21】广东省深圳市重点高中2023届高三上学期第二次月考【22】江苏省南京市2023届高三上学期10月学情调查考试【23】湖北省襄阳市

重点高中2022-2023学年高三上学期第二次月考【24】山东省潍坊市五县市2022-2023学年高三10月统考【01】2023届广东省六校高三上学期第二次联考Theworld’sbiggestelectricvehicle—a45-tonminingdumptrucknamedthee

Dumper—mayhavetogiveupitsthrone.Thenewcomer,poweredwithbothelectricityandareserveofhydrogenfuel,isgoingtostealthattitleasthe

largestelectricminingtruck.London-basedAngloAmericanisdevelopingthebeastofamachine—itweighs290tons—aspartofitssust

ainableminingvision.Theconceptualworkisdone,butU.K-basedWilliamsAdvancedEngineeringwillbringthetrucktolife.Theideaistorepl

acethevehicle’sdieselengine(柴油机)withahigh-powermodularlithium-ionbattery(锂电池).“Wearedelightedtobeinvolv

edinthisinnovativeandexcitingprojectwhichshowsthepotentialofbatterytechnologythatcanadapttoincreaseddemands,fromautomo

tiveandmotorsportto‘heavyduty’industrialapplications,”CraigWilson,managingdirectorofWilliamsAdvancedEngineering,said.

WhiletheeDumper—aminingtruckusedtomovestonesfromthesidesofmountainsinSwitzerland—reliesentirelyonpureelectricityandpurephysicsforpower,theAn

gloAmericantruckwillusebothalithium-ionbatteryandahydrogenfuelcell(电池)module.Altogether,thenewtruckwillhaveover1,000Kilowatthou

rsofenergystorage.Hydrogenfuelisaclearfuelthatproducesonlywaterasaby-productwhenconsumedinafuelcell.It’stypic

allyproducedfromnaturalgas,nuclearpower,orrenewablewindandsolarpower.Addinghydrogenfuelcellstothevehicle’sbat

terywillallowthetrucktorunforlongerperiodsoftimewithoutrecharging.There’salsoathirdtypeofpowerthatcome

sintoplaywiththeAngloAmericantruck:kinetic(动力的)energycreatedthroughtheprocessofregenerativebraking(再生制动系统).Whenanelectricvehicle—beit

theAngloAmericantruck,ortheeDumper—rollsdownahill,thatmovementcreateselectricalenergyforthebatteryasyoubrake.Theelectr

icmotorspowerthecarthroughthebattery’sstoredenergy,butcanalsobecomeminigeneratorsthatreturnsomeenergybacktothebattery.Aft

erAngloAmericanfinishestesttrialswiththetruck,thefirmwillconductstudiestounderstandhowthetruck’spowerunitscanbeusedtoprovideenerg

ystorageinotherapplications.8.Whatcanbeknownabout“theeDumper”?A.Itweighsmorethan290tons.B.Itispoweredbyhydrogen

fuel.C.Itwillnolongerbethelargestelectrictruck.D.Itwilldiscouragebuyersforbeingexpensive.9.WhatcanbeinferredfromCraigW

ilson’swords?A.Batterytechnologyisthekeytoupdatingvehicles.B.Batterytechnologyisthebasisofmanufacturingtrucks.C.Thedevelopmentofthelithium-ionbatter

yislimited.D.Thefutureofthelithium-ionbatteryispromising.10.Whatisthebenefitofadoptinghydrogenfuelcells?A.Itcansavealotofmoney.B.Vehic

lesbecomemoreeco-friendly.C.Ithasnoenvironmentalimpactatall.D.Vehiclesnolongerneedtoberecharged.11.Accordingtoparag

raph5,whichofthefollowingcanbeafeatureofregenerativebraking?A.Autonomousbraking.B.Energytransformation.C.Simpleoperation.D.zero-carbone

mission.【02】安徽省皖豫名校联盟2022-2023学年高三上学期第一次联考TheAlps’glaciers(冰川)areontrackfortheirhighestmasslossesinatleast60yearsofrecordkeeping,d

atasharedwithReutersshows.Bylookingatthedifferenceinhowmuchsnowfellinwinter,andhowmuchicemeltsinsummer,scientistscanmeasurehow

muchaglacierhasshrunkinanygivenyear.Sincelastwinter,whichbroughtrelativelylittlesnowfall,theAlpshavegonethroughtwobigearlysummerheatwaves—includin

goneinJulymarkedbytemperaturesnear30ºCintheSwissmountainvillageofZermatt.Duringthisheatwave,theelevation(海拔)atwhichwaterfrozewasmeasureda

tarecordhighof5,184meters—atanaltitudehigherthanMontBlanc’s—comparedwiththenormalsummerlevelofbetween3,000-3,500meters.Mosto

ftheworld’smountainglaciersareshrinkingduetoclimatechange.ButthoseintheEuropeanAlpsareespeciallyvulnerable(脆弱的)becauset

heyaresmallerwithrelativelylittleicecover.Meanwhile,temperaturesintheAlpsarewarmingataround0.3ºCperdecade—aroundtwiceasfastastheglobalaverage.Ifgre

enhousegasemissionscontinuetorise,theAlps’glaciersareexpectedtolosemorethan80%oftheircurrentmassby2100.Manywilldisapp

earregardlessofwhateveractionistakennow,thankstoglobalwarmingbakedinbypastemissions,accordingtoa2019reportbytheUNIntergovernment

alPanelonClimateChange.Swissresidentsworrythattheglacierlosseswillhurttheireconomy.SomeskiresortsoftheAlps,wh

ichrelyontheseglaciers,nowcoverthemselveswithwhitesheetstoreflectsunlightandreducemelting.Swissglaciersfeatureinmanyofthecount

ry’sfairytales,andtheAletschGlacierisconsideredaUNESCOWorldHeritageSite.“Losingtheglaciersmeanslosingournationalher

itageandouridentity,”saidhikerBernardinChavaillaz.12.WhathappenedtotheelevationatwhichwaterfrozeintheAlps?A.Itremainedun

changed.B.Itincreasedsharply.C.Itreachedanewlow.D.Itdroppednoticeably.13.What’sthemainpurposeofparagraph3?A.ToshowtemperaturesarerisingintheAlps.B.

Toproveclimatechangeleadstoheatwaves.C.ToexplainwhytheAlps’glaciersareindanger.D.TopredictwhatwillhappentotheAlps’glaciers.14.WhatdidBernardi

nChavaillazexpressinthelastparagraph?A.Hisadviceonprotectingglaciers.B.Hisconfusioninfindinghisidentity.C.Hisconc

ernoverthelossofglaciers.D.Hisinterestinimprovingtheeconomy.15.Whatwouldbethebesttitleforthetext?A.GlaciersintheAlpsAreDisappea

ringRapidlyB.ClimateChangeIsPresentingaThreattotheAlpsC.SummerHeatwavesHittheAlpsMoreFrequentlyD.MeasuresAreNeededtoPr

otecttheAlps’Glaciers【03】广东省广州市第五中学2022-2023学年高三上学期10月月Parentingtechniquesmayhavelonglastingconsequencesfo

rbehavior—evenwhenitcomestodogs.ResearchersattheUniversityofPennsylvaniastudiedtheearlydevelopment,parentingandthefollowingperforman

ceof98puppieswhounderwentguidedogtraining.Dogswhoreceivedmoreindependenceandlesssupportfromtheirmothersweremorelikely

tobesuccessfulinbecomingaguidedog.ThestudywaspublishedMondayinthejournalProceedingsoftheNationalAcademyofSciences.Mom-pupintera

ctionswereusedtodefinehowhighlyinvolvedthepuppy’smotherswere.Puppiesraisedwithhighlyinvolvedmothersweremorelikelytobereleased—or

droppedoutfromtheguidedogprogram—comparedtothosewithlessattentivemothers.“Toomuchofagoodthingcanbeabadthing,”s

aidleadstudyresearcherEmilyBray.Althoughthestudycouldn’tdefinitelypointtowhatwasdrivingthiseffect,“onepossibilityisthatthedogsthatarehavi

ngoverbearing(专横的)mothersarenevergiventhechancetodealwithsmallchallengesontheirown,andisharmfultotheirlaterbehaviorandoutcomeintheirproblemsolving.A

notherpossibilityisthatthepuppiesforwhomthemothersarealwaysaroundarealsothemostanxiousorstressed,”sheexplained.“WhatIwash

appyaboutwasthatthereisastudybeingdoneaboutearlylifeexperiencesindogs,”anotherresearcherDoloresHolesaid.“Ifthemomistryingtoprotectherpupsagainstsma

llchallenges,thentheywillnotbesuitedforthebigchallenges.”Thestudyincludedthreebreeds(品种):Germanshepherds,LabradorretrieversandGoldenretrievers.Thep

uppieswerefollowedfromthefirstweeksoflifeforseveralyears.Interestingly,Labradorretrieverstendedtowashoutfromt

heprogram,whileGoldenretrieverstendedtosucceed.Asforwhetherthefindingscanbeappliedtohumanbabiesofso-called“helicopterparents,”Braywashesitant

.“Ithinkpeoplecandrawparallels(相似之处),butIthinkyoualsohavetobecarefulbecausetheyaredifferentspecies,”shesaid.Sheadded,“Thenicethingab

outdogsisthattheyarealotlesscomplicatedthanhumans.”8.Whatmakessuccessfulguidedogsaccordingtothestudy?A.Lessatte

ntiveowners.B.Morepracticaltraining.C.Lesssupportivemothers.D.Moretenseenvironment.9.WhatdoesParagraph4mainlytalkabout?A.Thenecessityofmom-pupinterac

tions.B.Somecharacteristicsofgoodguidedogs.C.Thesignificanceofhighparentalinvolvement.D.Potentialcausesofsomepuppies’poorperformance.10.Wh

atcanweknowaboutLabradorretrieversinthestudy?A.Theychoosetostay.B.Theyfailtobequalified.C.Theyrisetochallenges.D.Theyareeasytonotice.11.W

hichcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A.ParentingtechniquescanapplytoguidedogsB.GuidedogsarelesscomplicatedthanhumansC.Researchershelprais

epublicawarenessofblindpeopleD.Astudyisdoneaboutearlylifeexperiencesofhumanbabies【04】浙江省强基联盟2022-2023学年高三上学期10月联考InJapan,youarewhaty

ourbloodtypeis.Aperson’sbloodtypeispopularlybelievedtodecidehis/hercharacterandpersonality.Type-Apeoplearegenerallyconsideredsensitivep

erfectionistsandgoodteamplayers,butover-anxious.TypeOsarecuriousandgenerousbutstubborn.TypeABsareartisticbutmysteriousandunpredictable,andtypeBsa

recheerfulbuteccentric,individualistic,andselfish.Thoughlackingscientificevidence,thisbeliefiswidelyseeninbooks,magazines,a

ndtelevisionshows.Lastyear,fourofJapan’stop10bestsellerswereabouthowbloodtypedeterminespersonality,throughwhichreaderssee

medtobeabletodiscoverthedefinitionoftheirbloodtypeorhavetheirself-imageconfirmed.Theblood-typebeliefha

sbeenusedinunusualways.ThewomensoftballteamthatwongoldforJapanattheBeijingOlympicsisreportedtohaveusedblood-typetheoriestocustomizetrainingfore

achplayer.Somekindergartenshaveadoptedteachingmethodsalongbloodgrouplines,andevenmajorcompaniesreportedlymakedecisionsaboutassignm

entsbasedonanemployee’sbloodtype.In1990,MitsubishiElectronicswasreportedtohaveannouncedtheformationofateamcomposedentirelyofABworkers,thanksto“theira

bilitytomakeplans”.Thebeliefevenaffectspolitics.Oneformerprimeministerconsidereditimportantenoughtorevealinhisofficialprofilethathewas

atypeA,whilehisoppositionrivalwastypeB.In2011,aminister,RyuMatsumoto,wasforcedtoresignafteronlyaweek

inoffice,whenabad-temperedencounterwithlocalofficialswastelevised.Inhisresignationspeech,heblamedhisfailingsonthefactthathewasbloodtyp

eB.Theblood-typecraze,consideredsimplyharmlessfunbysomeJapanese,mayrevealitselfasprejudiceanddiscrimination.Infact,thisseem

ssocommonthattheJapanesenowhaveatermforit:bura-hara,meaningblood-typeharassment(骚扰).Therearereportsofdiscriminationleadingtochildrenbeingbullied,endi

ngofhappyrelationships,andlossofjobopportunitiesduetobloodtype.8.What’sthemainideaofparagraph1?A.TheJa

paneseattachgreatimportancetobloodtype.B.ThebooksaboutbloodtypearepopularinJapan.C.TheJapaneseconfir

mtheirpersonalitytotallythroughbloodtype.D.TheJapanesethinkbloodtypebestsellersareimportanttotheirself-image.9.Accordingtothepassage,whichbloodtyp

ecanweinferistheLEASTfavoredinJapan?A.TypeA.B.TypeB.C.TypeO.D.TypeAB.10.PrimeMinisterRyuMatsumotoresignedfromofficebecause________.A

.herevealedhisrival’sbloodtypeB.hewasseenbehavingrudelyonTVC.heblamedhisfailingsonlocalofficialsD.hewasdiscriminatedagainstbecauseofbloodtype

11.Whatisthespeaker’sattitudetowardtheblood-typebeliefinJapan?A.Negative.B.Defensive.C.Objective.D.Encouraging.【05】湖南省长沙市长郡中学202

2-2023学高三上学期月考卷（二）HundredsofnativeNorthAmericanplants,oftendismissedasweeds,deservealotmorerespect,according

toanewstudy.Theseplants,distantcousinsoffoodslikesunflowersandlettuce(莴苣),actuallyrepresentabotanicaltreas

urenowfacingincreasedthreatsfromclimatechangeandhabitatloss.Thecropsthatthehumanracenowdependson,includinggrainslike

wheatandtreefruitlikepeaches,originallywereselectedorbred(培育)fromplantsthatgrewwildhundredsorthousandsofyearsago.IntheU.S.,therearewildancestorso

fblueberries,sweetpotatoes,onions,potatoes,andmanyotherfoodcrops.“Someofthemarequitecommon,”saysColinKhoury,aresearchscientistattheInternationalCen

terforTropicalAgriculture.“Wildlettuceplantsgrowalongsidewalks,orinbackyards,butgounrecognized.”Othercroprelati

vesarerareandthreatened.OneofKhoury’sfavoritesistheparadoxicalsunflower.”ItgrowsjustinwetlandsofthedesertsofNewMexicoandTexas.Littlesaltyareaswh

erethere’salittlebitofwaterbeneaththesoil,”hesays.Soplantgrowerscrossbreditwithcommercialsunflowersandcreatednewvarietiesthatcangrowinplaces

wherethesoilcontainsmoresalt.Otherwildrelativesmaybehidingsimilarlyremarkablegifts,Khourysays,suchasgenesthatcouldhelptheird

omesticatedrelativessurvivediseases,ordealwithpests.Khouryandsomeofhiscolleaguesjustfinishedasurveyofabout600wildcroprelativesthatgrowin

NorthAmerica,andtheyfoundthatmostoftheseplantsarethreatenedbythingslikefires,farminganddevelopment.Thescientistsargueth

attheydeservemoreprotection.Foronething,“genebanks”shouldcollectandpreservethem.Inaddition,theseplantsneedmoreprotectionintheirnatur

alhabitat.AccordingtoKhoury,thatdoesn’tnecessarilymeansettingasidelandforthem.Inmanycases,theplantsalreadyaregrowingonpubliclandtha

t’smanagedbytheU.S.ForestService(USFS)ortheBureauofLandManagement(BLM).“It’smoreaboutjustbeingawarethattheseplantsactuallyexist,”hesays.28.Wh

atdidthenewstudymainlyfocuson?A.Endangeredplantspecies.B.Wildrelativesoffoodcrops.C.Theimpactsofclimatechange.D.Thethreatsfrompla

nthabitatloss.29.Whatdoweknowabouttheparadoxicalsunflower?A.Itneedsmuchwatertogrowwell.B.Itgrowsalongsidewalksor

inbackyards.C.Itseemscapableofsurvivingvariousdiseases.D.Ithelpscommercialsunflowersadapttosaltysoil.30.Howmight

thescientistsfeelabouttheirsurveyresults?A.Relieved.B.Concerned.C.Annoyed.D.Critical.31.WhatmightKhoury

suggesttheBLMdo?A.JoinhandswiththeUSFS.B.Setasidelandforwildplants.C.Collectgenesofthreatenedcropspecies.D.Lear

naboutplantsonitsmanagedland.【06】河南省实验中学2022-2023学年高三上学期第二次月考TheWorldHealthOrganizationwarnsthatmillionsofpeoplearedyinge

veryyearfromindoorairpollution.Nearlythreebillionpeopleareunabletousecleanfuelsandtechnologiesforcooking,heatingaswellaslighting.Thesefindings

showthattheuseofdeadlyfuelsininefficientstoves,spaceheatersorlightsistoblameformanyofthesedeaths.WHOofficialssayindoorpollutionl

eadstoearlydeathsfromstroke,heartandlungdisease,childhoodpneumoniaandlungcancer.Womenandgirlsarethemainvictims.Thesedise

asescanoftenresultfromtheburningofsolidfuels.Thesefuelsincludewood,coal,animalwaste,cropwasteandcharcoal.TheUnitedNationsfoundthatmoret

han95percentofhouseholdsinsub-SaharanAfricadependonsolidfuelsforcooking.ItsayshugepopulationsinIndia,Chin

aandLatinAmericancountries,suchasGuatermalaandPeru,arealsoatrisk.NigelBraceisaprofessorofPublicHealthattheUniversityofLiverpool.Hesaysres

earchersaredevelopinggoodcook-stovesandotherequipmenttoburnfuelsinamoreefficientway.Therearealreadymultipletechnologiesavailab

leforuseincleanfuels.Thereisreallyquiteaneffectiveandreasonablylow-costalcoholstovemadebyDometic(aSweden-ba

sedcompany)thatisnowbeingtestedout.LPG(LiquefieldPetroleumGas)cookisobviouslywidelyavailableandeffortsareunderwaytomakethos

eefficient.Anotherinterestingdevelopmentiselectricinductionstoves.WHOexpertsnotethatsomenew,safeandlow-costtechnologiesthatcouldhelpar

ealreadyavailable.InIndia,youcanbuyaninductionstoveforabout$8.00.AndinAfricayoucanbuyasolarlampforlessthan$1.00.Butthis,theagencysays,isjusta

start.Itisurgingdevelopingcountriestousecleanerfuelsandincreaseaccesstocleanerandmoremoderncookingandheatingappliances/dev

ices.12.Whatdoestheindoorpollutionmainlyresultfrom?A.Poisonousfuels.B.Hightechnology.C.Spaceheaters.D.Solarenergy.13.HowisParagraph3mainlyd

eveloped?A.Byshowingdifferences.B.Bydescribingaprocess.C.Bymakingalist.D.Byanalyzingdata.14.Whatcanwei

nferfromthepassage?A.Indoorpollutionresultsinsomedeaths.B.Mostofthedeathsareindevelopingcountries.C.Thesolidf

uelsareusedinmoreeffectiveways.D.Thereisnoindoorpollutionindevelopedcountries.15.WhichofthefollowingisTRUEaccordingtothepassage?A.LPGcooksarebeingtes

tedout.B.Alcoholstovesarewidelyusednow.C.Electricinductionstovesareexpensive.D.Solarlampsareverycheapi

nAfrica.【07】湖南省长沙市长郡中学2022-2023学高三上学期月考卷（二）Itisn’tjustthebeautyofvastnaturalwondersliketheGrandCanyonthatcantakeyo

urbreathaway.Youcanfindaweineverydaythings.Anewresearch,publishedinthejournalEmotion,foundthatolderadul

tswhotook“awewalks”feltmorepositiveemotionsintheirdailylives.Inthestudy,52olderadultsaged60to90weredividedrandomlyintotwogroups.Theyweretoldtotake

atleastone15-minutewalkeachweekforeightweeks.Volunteersinthe“awegroup”wereinstructedinhowtoinspireaweastheywalked.“Weaskedthemtotrytoseethewor

ldwithfresheyes—totakeinnewdetailsofaleaforflower,forexample,”Sturmsays.Forexample,oneparticipantfromtheawegroupwroteabou

t“thebeautifulfallcolorsandhowtheleaveswerenolongercrunchy(嘎吱响)underfootbecauseoftherain”—thewondertha

tsmallchildrenfeelastheyembracetheirexpandingworld.However,peopleintheothergroupwerelessfocusedontheworl

daroundthem.Oneparticipantwrote,“IthoughtaboutourvacationinHawaiinextThursday.”Inaddition,participantswereask

edtotakeselfies(自拍)inthebeginning,middle,andendofeachwalk.Researchersfoundthatparticipantswhotookawewalksshoweda“smallself”,inthattheyf

illedlessoftheirphotographswiththeirownimageandmorewiththebackgroundscenery.“Whenwefeelawe,ourattentionshiftsfrom

focusingonourselvestofocusingontheworldaroundus,”Sturmsays.“Aweaffectsoursocialrelationshipsbecauseithelpsustofeelmoreconnectedwit

htheworld,universe,andotherpeople.”Theirsmilesalsogrewbroaderbytheendofthestudy.“Weanalyzedtheintensityoftheirsmilesintheselfies,andparticipantswhoto

okawewalksdisplayedgreatersmilesovertimethanthosewhotookcontrolwalks.Theformerreportedgreaterpositiveemotionsingeneral,includingmor

ejoyandgratitude.”Participantsinthecontrolgrouptookmorefrequentwalksthanthosepeopleintheawegroup,theresearchersdiscovered.Butwalkingmoredidn’tresul

tinpositivechangesinemotionalhealthorinthewaytheirselfiesweretaken.Thissuggeststhattheresultsweremainlyduetoexperiencingawe,andnotjustinspendi

ngtimeexercising.32.Whatwereparticipantsinthe“awegroup”requiredtodoinParagraph2?A.Totakeawalkeachweek.B.Tofocusontheirin

nerworld.C.Tocollectleavesaftertherain.D.Toexplorewithchildlikecuriosity.33.Whatcanweseeintheselfiesfromtheawewalks?A.Close-up

imageswithwidesmiles.B.Moreattentiononthemselves.C.Simplythebackgroundscenery.D.Smallfigureswithbiggersmiles.34.Whatcanweknowf

romthelastparagraph?A.Experiencingawecounts.B.Morewalks,morejoy.C.Exercisescanbenefitus.D.Awecomeswithwalking.35

.Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitle?A.AweWalksPromoteYourPhysicalFitnessB.ExperiencingAweDoesWondersforEveryo

neC.AweWalksImproveYourPositiveEmotionsD.FrequentWalksContributetoEmotionalHealth【08】浙江省C8名校协作体2022-2023学年高三上学期第一次联考

IliveinthelandofDisney,Hollywoodandyear-roundsun.Youmaythinkpeopleinsuchaglamorous,fun-filledplacearehappierthanothers.Ifso,youhavesomemistak

enideasaboutthenatureofhappiness.Manyintelligentpeoplestillequatehappinesswithfun.Thetruthisthatfunandha

ppinesshavelittleornothingincommon.Funiswhatweexperienceduringanact.Happinessiswhatweexperienceafteranact.Itisadeeper,moreabidin

gemotion.Goingtoanamusementparkorballgame,watchingamovieortelevision,arefunactivitiesthathelpusrelax,temporarilyfor

getourproblemsandmaybeevenlaugh.Buttheydonotbringhappiness,becausetheirpositiveeffectsendwhenthefunends.IhaveoftenthoughtthatifHolly

woodstarshavearoletoplay,itistoteachusthathappinesshasnothingtodowithfun.Theserich,beautifulindividualshaveconstantaccessto

glamorousparties,fancycars,expensivehomes,everythingthatspells“happiness”.Butinmemoiraftermemoir,celebritiesrevealtheunhappinesshidde

nbeneathalltheirfun:depression,alcoholism,drugaddiction,brokenmarriages,troubledchildrenandprofoundloneliness.Askabachelor

whyheresistsmarriageeventhoughhefindsdatingtobelessandlesssatisfying.Ifhe’shonest,hewilltellyouthatheisafraidofmakingacomm

itment.Forcommitmentisinfactquitepainful.Thesinglelifeisfilledwithfun,adventureandexcitement.Marriagehassuchmoments,buttheyarenotitsmostdistin

guishingfeatures.Similarly,couplesthatchoosenottohavechildrenaredecidinginfavorofpainlessfunoverpainfulhappines

s.Theycandineoutwhenevertheywantandsleepaslateastheywant.Coupleswithinfantchildrenareluckytogetawholenight’ssle

eporathree-dayvacation.Idon’tknowanyparentwhowouldchoosethewordfuntodescriberaisingchildren.Understandingandaccep

tingthattruehappinesshasnothingtodowithfunisoneofthemostliberatingrealizationswecanevercometo.Itliberatestime:nowwecandevotemorehourstoactivi

tiesthatcangenuinelyincreaseourhappiness.Itliberatesmoney:buyingthatnewcarorthosefancyclothesthatwilldono

thingtoincreaseourhappinessnowseemspointless.Anditliberatesusfromenvy:wenowunderstandthatallthoserichandglamorouspeopleweweresosu

rearehappybecausetheyarealwayshavingsomuchfunactuallymaynotbehappyatall.8.Whichofthefollowingistrue?A.Funcreateslong-last

ingsatisfaction.B.Happinessisenduringwhereasfunisshort-lived.C.Funprovidesenjoymentwhilepainleadstohappi

ness.D.Funthatislong-standingmayleadtohappiness.9.Totheauthor,Hollywoodstarsallhaveanimportantroletoplaythatisto________.

A.writememoiraftermemoirabouttheirhappinessB.teachpeoplehowtoenjoytheirlivesC.tellthepublicthathappinessh

asnothingtodowithfunD.bringhappinesstothepublicinsteadofgoingtoglamorousparties10.Havinginfantchildren,thecoup

lescan________.A.gainhappinessfromtheircommitmentB.findfuningettingthemintobedatnightC.findmoretimetoplayandjokewiththemD.beluckysincet

heycanhaveawholenight’ssleep11.Ifonegetsthemeaningofthetruesenseofhappiness,hewill________.A.stopplayin

ggamesandjokingwithothersB.keephimselfwithhisfamilyC.giveafreehandtomoneyD.makethebestuseofhistimetoincreasehappiness【09】甘肃省张掖市2022-2023学年高三上

学期第一次诊断考试Elderlypeoplehaveahigherchanceofsufferingfromillnessessuchasdiabetes,cancer,andheartdisease.Onecommonhealthpro

blemthataffectsthemisAlzheimer’sdisease,whichaffectsaperson’smemory,behavior,andthinking.Becauseofmemorylossandbehavioralchanges,peoplewithAlzhe

imer’smayslowlybecomeunabletotakecareofthemselves,eventuallyrequiringconstantcarefromfamilymembersorcaregivers.ThereisnocureforAlzheimer’satthem

oment—drugscanonlytreatitssymptoms.Buttechnologycanimprovethelivesofthoselivingwiththeconditionbymakingiteasierforthemtogoabouttheirdailyactivities

.Forexample,trackingdevicesplacedinwatchesorjewelrycanmonitorwhereapersonis.Automatedreminderscanalsobestoredinmot

ionsensorsandplacedaroundthehouse.Whenasensordetectsmovement,itcanplayarecordedvoicemessagetoremindthepersontolockthedoororturnoffthestove.Alzheime

r’sdiseaseisahugechallenge,butwemaybegettingclosetofindingasolution.Inthefuture,itmightbepossibletotre

atAlzheimer’swithoutusingdrugs.AteamofresearchersinAustraliahascreatedaformoftechnologythatcansendsoundwavesintothe

brain.ThesesoundwaveshelptoclearwasteinthebrainthatcontributestoAlzheimer’s.Theteamhastestedtheirtechnolog

yandfoundthatithelpedtorestorememoryin75percentofmice.Workonthetechnologyisn’tcomplete,but,ifsuccessful,itcouldpreventmemorylossinpe

oplewithAlzheimer’s.Thisreallydoesfundamentallychangetheunderstandingofhowtotreatthisdiseaseandresearchersfor

eseeagreatfutureforthisapproach.12.Alzheimer’sisadiseasethatmainlyaffectsthe____.A.musclesB.bloodC.brainD.heart13.Uptonow,whichcanhelpAlzheimer’

spatientswhogetlosteasily?A.Trackingdevices.B.Automatedreminders.C.Sendingsoundwavesintothebrain.D.Restoringmemory.14.Whichofthefollowingca

nreplace“contributesto”inthelastparagraph?A.Helpstocure.B.Helpstocause.C.Helpstoworsen.D.Helpstoprevent.15.W

hat’sthemainideaofthetext?A.Elderlypeoplewillbegintofacemanychallenges.B.Societyshouldprovideenoughhealthcaretoelderlypeople.C.There’saneedtobetter

understandthecauseofAlzheimer’s.D.TechnologymightsolvesomeproblemsofpeoplewithAlzheimer’s.【10】浙江省C8名校协作体2022-

2023学年高三上学期第一次联考AlbertEinstein’s1915masterpiece“TheFoundationoftheGeneralTheoryofRelativity”isthefirstandstillthebestint

roductiontothesubject,andIrecommenditassuchtostudents.Butitprobablywouldn’tbepublishableinascientificjournaltoday.Whynot?Aft

erall,itwouldpasswithflyingcoloursthetestsofcorrectnessandsignificance.Andwhilepopularbeliefholdsthatthepaperwasincomprehensibletoitsfi

rstreaders,infactmanypapersintheoreticalphysicsaremuchmoredifficult.AsthephysicistRichardFeynmanwrote

,“Therewasatimewhenthenewspaperssaidthatonly12menunderstoodthetheoryofrelativity.Idobelievetheremighthavebeenatimewhenonlyonemandid,becausehew

astheonlyguywhocaughton,beforehewrotehispaper.Butafterpeoplereadthepaperalotunderstoodthetheoryofrelativityinsomewayorother,certainl

ymorethan12.”No,theproblemisitsstyle.Itstartswithaleisurelyphilosophicaldiscussionofspaceandtimeandthenconti

nueswithanexpositionofknownmathematics.Thosetwosections,whichwouldbeconsideredextraneoustoday,takeuphalfthep

aper.Worse,therearezerocitationsofpreviousscientists’work,norarethereanygraphics.Thosefeaturesmightmakeapapernotevengetpastt

hefirsteditors.Asimilarprocessofprofessionalizationhastransformedotherpartsofthescientificlandscape.Requestsforresearchtimeatmajorobservatoriesornati

onallaboratoriesaremorerigidlystructured.Andanythinginvolvingworkwithhumansubjects,orputtinginstrumentsinspace,invol

vespilesofpaperwork.WeseeitalsointheRegeneronScienceTalentSearch,theNobelPrizeofhighschoolsciencecompetitions.Intheearlydecadesofits

78-yearhistory,thewinningprojectswereusuallythesortofcleverbutnaive,amateurisheffortsonemightexpectoftalentedbeginnersworkingontheirown.Today,polis

hedworkcomingoutofinternships(实习)atestablishedlaboratoriesisthenorm.Theseprofessionalizingtendenciesareanaturalconsequenceoftheexplosivegrow

thofmodernscience.Standardizationandsystemmakeiteasiertomanagetherapidflowofpapers,applicationsandpeople.Butthereareseriousdownsid

es.Alotofunproductiveeffortgoesintojumpingthroughbureaucratichoops(繁文缛节),andoutsidersfaceentrybarriersateve

ryturn.Ofcourse,Einsteinwouldhavefoundhiswaytomeetingmodernstandardsandpublishinghisresults.Itsscientificcorewouldn’tha

vechanged,butthepapermightnotbethesametastetoread.12.AccordingtoRichardFeynman,Einstein’s1915paper________.A.wasaclassicintheoreticalph

ysicsB.turnedouttobecomprehensibleC.neededfurtherimprovementD.attractedfewprofessionals13.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“extraneous”inPar

agraph4mean?A.Unrealistic.B.Irrelevant.C.Unattractive.D.Imprecise.14.Accordingtotheauthor,whatisaffectedasmodernsciencedevelops

?A.Theapplicationofresearchfindings.B.Theprincipleofscientificresearch.C.Theselectionofyoungtalents.D.Theevaluationoflaboratories.15.Whichwouldbet

hebesttitleforthispassage?A.WhatmakesEinsteingreat?B.Willsciencebeprofessionalized?C.CouldEinsteingetpublishedtoday?D.Howwillmodernsciencemakead

vances?【11】江苏省南京师范大学附属中学2022-2023学年高三上学期第一次月考Modernzoosaimtopromoteanimalconservation,educatepeople,andsupportfurtherwild

liferesearch.Staffaredevotedtoprovidingspeciesspecifichousingandappropriatedietstoensurethattheanimals’

livesareasnaturalaspossiblewithincaptivity(圈养).Infact,mostzooanimalshavebeenbornandbredincaptivity.They

haveneverexperienced“thewild”,whichmanypeopleassumeisawonderfulandsafeplace,despitedestructionofnaturalhabitsforpalmoilthreatsfromcli

matechangeortheincreaseinpoaching.Therearetwowayscapturinganimalshelpsconservethem.Zooconservationworkcanbein-situ(在原处)wheremoney:expertiseands

ometimesstaffareprovidedtoprotectanimalsandtheirhabitatsinthewild.Large,charminganimalssuchaspandas,tigersorelephantsdrawthecrowds.Theseflagships

pecieshelptoraisetheimageandfundsforin-situconservationeffortsforthenotsowellknownspecies“Ex-situ”cons

ervation,meanwhile,takesplaceoutsideoftheanimals’naturalhabitats,usuallybackatthezooandofteninvolvinginternationalca

ptivebreedingprograms.Thesestudbooks(良种登记册)canoutlinesuitablegeneticmatchesforbreeding,tokeepasustainablecaptivep

opulationofacertainspeciesandensuregeneticvariation.IntheUKaleast,zoosmusthaveawritteneducationstrategyandanactiveeducationprogramme.Ifyouhavebeento

anaccredited(官方认可的)zoorecentlyyouwillhavenoticedtheyusegamesandtechnologytogowaybeyondthesebasicrequirements.Researchwithinzoosoftenlooksata

nimalbehaviourorwelfarehelpingtoensuretheanimalsarewellhousedandfed.Otherresearchinvestigatestheimpacthu

manshaveonthezooanimalsfromthevisitoreffecttotherelationshipswhichcanbeformedbetweentheanimalsandtheirk

eepers.Researchalsofocusesonbiologicalfunctioningofanimals.Muchofthisisworkthatcannotbeconductedinthewild

iftheanimalsliveinremoteorinhospitableareas.Overall,zoosprovideopportunitiestoobserveandengagewithexotic

(外国的)animals,manyofwhichmaybethreatenedwithextinctioninthewild.Seeingthemupclosecancauseapassionforbiology,conservationandth

eenvironment.12.Whatdopeoplethinkof“thewild”?A.Itposesadangertohumans.B.ItisperfectforlargeanimalsC.Itisanidealhabitat

foranimals.D.Itguaranteesthesafetyofanimals.13.Whathighlights“ex-situ”conservation?A.Savingtheconservationcost.B.Attractingmorevisitorstozoos.C.Keep

ingaspecies’populationstable.D.Changingthegenesofacertainspecies.14.WhatisParagraph6mainlyabout?A.Howzookeepersgetalongwithanimals.B.Howzoos

cancontributetoresearchwork.C.Whatresearchersareexpectedtodoinzoos.D.Whyitisdifficulttocarryoutresearchinthewild.15.Whatistheauthor’s

purposeinwringthetext?A.Toshowzooswaystoraiseanimals.B.Tostressmodernzoosresearchvalue.C.Todefendzoosroleinprotectinganimals.D.Toadvisezoosto

releaseanimalsintothewild.【12】江苏省苏州市2022〜2023学年高三上学期八校联考Astheeffectsofclimatechangebecomemoredisastrous,well-knownrese

archinstitutionsandgovernmentagenciesarefocusingnewmoneyandattentiononanidea:artificiallycoolingtheplanet,inthehopeso

fbuyinghumanitymoretimetocutgreenhousegasemissions.Thatstrategy,calledsolarclimateintervention(干预)orsolargeoengineering,invo

lvesreflectingmoreofthesun’senergybackintospace—abruptlyreducingglobaltemperaturesinawaythatimitatestheeffectsofashcloudsflowi

ngoutfromthevolcaniceruptions.Theideahasbeenconsideredasadangerousandfanciedsolution,onethatwouldenco

uragepeopletokeepburningfossilfuelswhileexposingtheplanettounexpectedandpotentiallythreateningsideeffects,producin

gmoredestructivehurricanes,wildfiresfloodsandotherdisasters.But.asglobalwarmingcontinues,producingmorede

structivehurricanes,wildfiresfloodsandotherdisasters,someresearchersandpolicyexpertssaythatconcernsaboutgeoeng

ineeringshouldbeoutweighedbytheimperativetobetterunderstandit,incasetheconsequenceofclimatechangebecomesoterriblethattheworldcan’twaitforb

ettersolutions.Onewaytocooltheearthisbyinjectingaerosols(气溶胶)intotheupperlayeroftheatmosphere.wherethosepart

iclesreflectsunlightawayfromtheearth.Thatprocessworks,accordingtoDouglasMacMartin,aresearcheratCornellUniversity.“Weknowwith100%certain

tythatwecancooltheplanet,”hesaidinaninterview.What’sstillunclear,headded,iswhathappensnext.Temperature,MacMartinsaid,isa

nindicatorforalotofclimateeffects.“Whatdoesitdotothestrengthofhurricanes?”heasked,“Whatdoesitdotoagri

cultureproduction?Whatdoesitdototheriskofforestfires?”AnotherinstitutionfundedbytheNationalScienceFoundationwillanalyzehundre

dsofsimulationsofaerosolinjection,testingtheeffectsonweatherextremesaroundtheworld.Onegoaloftheresearchistolookforasweetspot:theamountofartific

ialcoolingthatcanreduceextremeweathereventswithoutcausingbroaderchangesinregionalrainfallpatternsorsimilarimpacts.12.Whydoresearchersandgover

nmentagenciesworkoncoolingtheearth?A.Topreventnaturaldisasters.B.Towinmoretimetoreducegasemissions.C.Toimita

tevolcaniceruptions.D.Toencouragemorepeopletoburfossilfuels.13.Whatareresearchersworriedaboutintermsofglobalwarming?A.Morevo

lcanoeswillthrowout.B.Moresolarenergywillgointospace.C.Moredisasterswillendangerthefutureoftheworld.D.Peoplewillkeepburningfossilfuelstokee

pwarm.14.WhatcanbeinferredfromDouglas’wordsinaninterview?A.Hethinksmoreresearchremainstobedone.B.Heisoptimisticaboutt

heeffectofcoolingtheearth.C.Heisconcernedaboutthereductioninagricultureproduction.D.Hedisapprovesofthepracticeofsolarclimateintervention.1

5.Whatdoestheunderlinedwords“sweetspot”inthelastparagraphmean?A.Therainfallpatternofaregion.B.Themodestdropintemperature.C.Thenumberofextremew

eatherevents.D.Theinjectionamountofaerosol.【13】2023届广东省六校高三上学期第二次联考Dreams,accordingtoCarlJung,revealacertainamountofrealityhiddenduringwakingco

nsciousness.InJungianphilosophy,theconflictandchaosexperiencedindreamsfinallybringordertoourlives.WhileJung’smy

sticaltheoriesaredebatable,hewasnotmistakenabouttheimportanceofdreaming.Agrowingnumberofreportsshowthatacontinuouslackofdreamingisdamagingourwak

inghoursinmanyways.Thistrendiscausingdamagetoourimmuneandmetabolic(新陈代谢的)systems,letalonetheelectronicproductsthatkeepusuplateat

nightareruiningoursleeppatterns,whichhaslong-termconsequencesonourmemorysystem.Onestudyshowedthatnotallowingmicetohaveadequat

eamountsofREM(RapidEyeMovement)sleep,thestageinwhichwedream,themicecouldn’tstrengthenmemories.Youmigh

tthinkthisisjustasleepproblem,butdreamingisinseparablefromournighttimerest.Wesleepincycles(周期),eachlastingabout90minutes;inasleepcycle,wegot

hroughnon-REMsleepbeforehittingREM.Asthenightprogresses,REMsleepperiodsincreaseinlengthwhiledeepsleep(oneofthestage

sofnon-REMsleep)decreases.Thelongerwesleep,themoretimewespendinREM,whichiswhyweareoftendreamingwhenwakingupinthemorning.Ifwesleeplesst

hansevenhours,however,itbecomeshardertoachievethislevelofREM.Thecombinationofsleepinganddreamingactsasanemotionalstabilizer.Werecoverfromemotiona

lhurtfasterwhenwesleepanddreamproperly.However,we’renotgettingenoughsleeptocyclethroughthestagestotak

eadvantageofthisnaturalcircadiananti-depressant(抗抑郁剂)—dreams.Instead,wegetdepressedandturntoalcoholormedic

inestogettosleep,whichonlymakesthingsworsebecauseevenonedrinkleadstolateREMwhileanti-depressantspromotedeepsleepattheexpenseo

fREM.We’repayingforthislackofdreaminginmanyways.Forexample,a2021studystatedthatcomparedwithquietrestan

dnon-REMsleep,REMpromotedtheformationofassociativenetworksandtheintegration(整合)ofunassociatedinformation.Volunteer

sthatexperiencedmoreREMsleepwerebetterequippedforsolvingproblemsrequiringcreativesolutions.RowanHooper,themanagingeditoratNewScien

tist,writesthatdreamsthatincludean“emotionalcore”appeartobeamainfunctionofREMsleepandthatweshouldlookatsleeppatternsasseriously

aswedodietandexercisehabits.12.What’sCarlJung’sviewaboutdreams?A.Theycausechaos.B.Theydamageimmunity.C.Theyrevealsecrets.D.Theymirrorreality

.13.Whyisthesleepprocessexplainedinparagraph3?A.ToshowadreammainlyoccursduringREMsleep.B.Toprovetheminimumsleept

imeshouldbesevenhours.C.Toprovedreamproblemsandsleepproblemsareattached.D.Toshowpeopleoftendreamwhenwakingupinthemorning.14.Whatconclusioncanbeinf

erredfromparagraph5?A.Dreamingpromotescreativity.B.Dreaminghelpsfightdepression.C.Thebrainstillreceivesnewi

nformationduringREMsleep.D.Thebrainispayingthepriceforhavingmorenon-REMsleep.15.What’sthemainideaofthepassage?A.Theimportanceo

fsleepliesindreams.B.Theabsenceofdreamsisterribleforus.C.Dreamingpatternsaremoreimportantthanwerealize.D.Dreaminghasm

ysticalpowerofstrengtheningmemories.【14】湖南省长沙市雅礼中学2022-2023学年高三上学期月考二Thedeep-seaoilandgasindustryhasva

standcostlyfacilitiestomaintain.Wells,otherequipment,andthousandsofkilometersofpipelinesmustbeinspectedandrepaired.Now,cutting-edgeunderwaterdrones

(无人机)androbotsarebeingdevelopedthatcouldmaketheworksaferandcheaper.AmongthemisEelume,asix-meter-long,

snake-likerobotequippedwithsensorsandacameraateachend.Itcanbekeptatastationatdepthsofuptohalfakilometerforsixmonths,withoutbeingbroughtbacktothesu

rface.Therobotcantravelupto20kilometersbeforeneedingtoreturntoitsstationtorecharge.Maintenanceworkatmanydeep-waterwellsandpipelinesy

stemsisalreadycarriedoutbyunmannedvehicles.Butthesevehiclestypicallyneedtobetransportedtotheoffshoresiteonafull

ycrewedshipandthenremotelyoperatedfromonboardthesurfaceship.Thatcancostupto$100,000perday,accordingtoPålLiljebäck,chieftechnologyoff

icerwithEelumeSubseaIntervention,whichdevelopedtherobot.Liljebäcksaysthatby“enablingtherobottobecome

asubsearesidentlivingatastation,itcanbemobilizedatanytimetodoinspections,therebyreducingtheneedforcostlysurfaceships”.Eelumecanworkautonomous

lyontasksassignedfromacontrolroomonshore,andsendbackvideoanddata.Itssnake-likedesignallowsittoworkinsmallspacesan

dwriggle(扭动)itsbodytostayinplaceinstrongcurrents.Bystayingunderthesea,itcancarryouttaskswhatevertheconditionsonthesurfaceoftheocean.Theglobalunderwa

terroboticsmarketisexpectedtobewortharound$7billionin2025,accordingtoanalysts,andothercompaniesareintheprocessofcommercializin

gnewdeep-seadroneandrobottechnology.EelumeSubseaInterventionwillcarryoutfinaltestingontheseabedlaterthisyearattheÅsgardoi

landgasfield.Itexpectstoputitsfirstsnakerobotsintousenextyearandhopestohaveupto50inoceansaroundtheworldby2027.12.Whatiso

nefeatureofEelume?A.Itcantravelnearly40kilometersbeforerecharging.B.Itcandiveasdeepas500meters.C.Itwork

smainlyaroundthestation.D.Itworksfor6monthsononecharge.13.Whatistheproblemwithunmannedvehicles?A.Theyaretooc

ostlytomaintain.B.Theyarehardtooperateremotely.C.Theyrequiretransportationtoandfromwork.D.Theyhavetoworkonafullycrewedshipallthetime.14.Whatcan

beexpectedofEelumeinthefuture?A.Itwillrequirenofurthertests.B.Itwillbewortharound$7billion.C.Itwillbeputonthemarketin2027.D.I

twillfacealotofcompetitors.15.Whatisthemainideaofthepassage?A.Asnakerobotisonitswayforunderwatertasks.B.Eelumeisthene

wchoiceforconstructingpipelines.C.Maintenanceworkontheoceanfloorisariskyjob.D.Unmannedvehiclesmarketinghasseenst

ronggrowth.【15】江苏省泰州中学2022-2023学年高三上学期第一次月检MitsuhiroIwamotoisablindpersonwhosailednon-stopacrossthePacificOcean.OneofMr.Iwamoto

’sfriendssays,“Hefeelsthewavesandhecansensethespeedandangleofthewindstoadjustthesailsproperly.”TheonlythingMr.Iwamotocan’tdoissee.S

oheteamedupwithDougSmith.In2013,Mr.IwamototriedtosailacrossthePacific.Butafteronlyfivedaysatsea,hisboatwashitbyawhale.Theboatsan

k,andhespent11hoursfloatingintheseainaliferaftbeforehewasrescued.WhenMr.SmithlearnedthestoryofMr.Iwamoto’sdefeatduringhisfirstattemptatcrossingthePac

ific,ithadabigeffectonhim.Hedecidedtojointhetripnotjusttoprovethattheycoulddoit,butalsotocollectfundsforap

ublicwelfarefoundationthatboughtmedicalinsuranceforpoorchildren.HegotintouchwithMr.Iwamoto.Thetworealizedthattheywouldma

keagoodteam.Ittookalotofcouragetomakeasecondattemptafterthefailure.ButMr.Iwamotowasdetermined.Hebegan

totrainforthetrip.Heskied,ranhalf-marathonsandmarathons,andtookpartintriathlons(raceswithswimming,biking,andrun

ning).Mr.Smithboughta12-metersailboatfromlocalpeople.Theytookdrinkingwaterandenoughfoodfor60days.ThesailboathadsolarpanelstokeeptheGP

Sandthesatellitephonecharged.OnFebruary24,Mr.IwamotosetoutfromSanDiego,Californiaontheir14,000-kilometertrip.Finally,around9a.m.o

nApril20—aftersailingnon-stopfor55days,thetwoarrivedinIwaka,FukushimaPrefecture,Japan,“Peopleoftensaythatthephysicalillness

can’tstopapersonfrommakingadifference,butIhavetowalkthewalktoproveit,”Mr.Iwamotosaid.4.WhatcanbeinferredaboutDougSmith?A.Hesp

entalotoftimeintheocean.B.Hehadgreatskillsinsailingtheboat.C.Heworkedasaguideduringthetrip.D.Hebough

ttheinsurancebeforethetrip.5.WhydidDougSmithjointhetrip?A.Tohuntwhales.B.Toraisemoneyforcharity.C.Torescuepeoplelostintheocean

.D.Tobeinsearchoffameandfortune.6.Whatisthethirdparagraphmainlyabout?A.Thepreparationstheymadeforthetrip.B.Thesuppor

ttheyreceivedfromlocalpeople.C.Theequipmenttheyboughtfortheirtraining.D.Thedifficultytheyencounteredduringthetrip.7.Whatcanwelearnfromthisstory?A

.Neverlookdownonunderdogs.B.Actionsspeaklouderthanwords.C.Afriendinneedisafriendindeed.D.Bethechangeyouwanttos

eeintheworld.【16】河北省邢台市六校联考2022-2023学年高三上学期第一次月考Sincethebeginningofthesummerin2022,Chinahasbeenswelteringundertheworstheatwaveind

ecades.AnumberofpeopleinZhejiang,Henan,JiangsuandSichuanprovinceswerediagnosedwiththermoplegia(热射病),themostsever

eformofheatstroke,andsomeevendiedofthisdisease.Inawarmingworld,thehazardsofheatwavesareincreasing.Accordingtoastudy,the

numberofdeathscausedbyheatwavesinChinahasincreasedrapidlysince1979,from3,679personsperyearinthe1980sto1

5,500personsperyearinthe2010s.Hightemperatureswouldacceleratethelossinsoilmoisture(水分)andhurtthegrowthofcorn,cotton,treesandfruits.What’smore,eachadd

itionaldegreeofwarmingwillincreasecroplossestoinsectsby10-25percent,threateningfoodsecurityforbillionsofpeople.Chinahaswitnessedarangeofextre

meweatherevents,includingheavyrainfall,flooding,tornadoesandrecordheatwavesthisyear.Meteorologicalofficia

lssaidthecountryhadanaveragetemperatureof21.3degreesCelsiusinJune,0.9degreesCelsiushigherthanthesameperiodon

average,andthehighestrecordforthesameperiodsince1961.Expertssaythatwhileextremesummerheatisnotentirelyn

ew,thesesortsofoccurrencescouldbesomethingthatbecomesastandardpartoflife,requiringpeopletostartlearninghowtocopewithheatwavesthatmaycontinuefortheres

tofsummerandwellintothefuture.Rememberthatevenhealthy,youngathletescanbeharmedbyextremeheat,soeveryactivity,indoorsoroutdoors,shouldbe

evaluatedwhenextremeheathits.Therearesomewaystostaysafeduringextremeheatevents,suchasdrinkingplentyofwater,lookingforshadeorremaininginsha

dewhenoutside,andavoidingcookinglargemealsthatcanaddheattoyourindoorenvironment.8.Whydoesthewriterment

ionthefourprovincesinChina?A.Tointroducethetopic.B.Toshowtherisinggrowthofpopulation.C.Toidentifytheimpactoftheworst

heatwave.D.Tooffertheaccuratedataforthethermoplegia.9.Whatdostheunderlinedword“hazards”inparagraphsprobablymean?A.Panics.B.Danger

s.C.Outcomes.D.Expenses.10.Whatcanweinferfromparagraph3?A.Ruralareassuffermorefromheatwavesthancities.B.

Chinahaswitnessedtheworstclimateeverin2022.C.Climatechangeresultsinthedeclineininsectspecies.D.Hightemperatureshavenegativeeffectsonagriculture.11.

Whatdoesthewriterwanttoconveyinthelastparagraph?A.Waystodealwithextremeheat.B.Thetendencyofheatwavesinthefuture.C.Effectsofglobalwarmin

gontheenvironment.D.Thesignificanceofkeepinghealthyinsummer.【17】江苏省泰州中学2022-2023学年高三上学期第一次月检Manyexceptionalhumanskills,suchasreadingan

dmasteringamusicalinstrument,requirethousandsofhoursofpracticeandconsistentcognitiveeffort.Popularscientifictheoriesholdthatcognitiveeffo

rtisexperiencedasunpleasantandpeopletrytoavoiditwheneverpossible.However,therearemanysituationsinevery

daylifeinwhichpeopleseemtoexertthemselves(努力)voluntarily,evenifthereisnoobviousexternalreward.Forexample,manypeopleenj

oysolvingSudokupuzzles,studentsareoftenmotivatedbychallengingintellectualtasks,andamateurpianistscanspendhoursstrivingforperfectionwithoutanyex

ternalreward.ItisbasedonthesefactsthatresearchersfromtheUniversityofViennaandtheTechnischeUniversitatDresdencri

ticallyquestionedwhethercognitiveeffortisalwaysaversive(令人嫌恶的)andsoughttoaddressthisquestioninacurrentprojectof

theCollaborativeResearchCenter(SFB)940.Inthefirstexperimentwith121participants,theresearchersusedcardiovascularmeasurements(activityofth

eheart)todeterminehowhardpeopleexertedthemselvesincognitivetasksofvaryingdifficultylevels.Inonegroup,r

ewardwasdirectlydeterminedbyeffort:ifapersonexertedmoreeffortondifficultlevelsofthetask,theyreceivedahigherrewardthanoneasierlevelsinwhic

htheyexertedlittleeffort.Inthecontrolgroup,therewardwasrandomlyassignedandwasindependentofhowmucheffortsomeoneinvested.Thetotalr

ewardonofferwaskeptconstantbetweengroups,withonlythecontingency(可能性)betweeneffortandrewardbeingmanipulated.Subsequentl

y,allsubjectsworkedonmathtaskswheretheycouldchoosethedifficultylevelofthetaskstheywantedtoworkon.“Subjectswhohadpreviouslybeenrewa

rdedforeffortsubsequentlychosemoredifficulttasksthansubjectsinthecontrolgroup,eventhoughtheywereawarethatt

heywouldnolongerreceiveanexternalreward,”explainsProf.VeronikaJobfromtheFacultyofPsychologyattheUniversityofVienna.“Theresultsshowedtheassumptionth

atpeoplewanttotakethepathofleastresistancemaynotbeaninherent(固有的)characteristicofhumanmotivation.Thetendencytoavoidchallengingtaskscouldrat

herbetheresultofindividuallearninghistoriesthatdifferdependingontherewardpattern:wasitmainlyperformanceoreffortt

hatwasrewarded?”concludesThomasGoschke,ProfessorofGeneralPsychologyatTUDresdenandspokespersonofSFB940.8.WiththeexamplesinPara

graph2,theauthoraimsto________A.challengesomescientifictheoriesB.encouragepeopletomakegreateffortsC.inspiresomeresearchonpeople’seffortsD.explainthem

otivationbehindpeople’sefforts9.Whatdidtheresearcherswanttofindoutbymeasuringtheparticipants’heartactivity?A.Theirwil

lingnesstoperformthetask.B.Theimpactoftasksontheparticipants.C.Theefforttheyputinthecognitivetask.D.Theirreactiontodifficultcognitivetasks.10.Whatcan

welearnaboutthesubjectswhowererewardedforeffort?A.Theyweremotivatedtochallengethemselves.B.Theyalwaysexpectedtoreceiveabiggerreward.C.Theyturnedo

uttobeclevererthanthecontrolgroup.D.Theywereabletofigureoutbetterwaystosolveproblems.11.Whatwouldbethebesttitleofth

etext?A.WorkhardtoimproveyourselfB.LearntoenjoycognitiveeffortC.IttakestimeforyourefforttopayoffD.Itisworthwhiletoperformdifficul

ttasks【18】江苏省泰州中学2022-2023学年高三上学期第一次月检Dailylifehasitssatisfactions.Theperfectreplytoafriend’stextmessage.Thefirstafter

-workdrink.Butdoanyreallycomparetothejoyofgoingtosleep?Somehowwehavepushedthispleasuretothebackofthequeue.AthirdofAmericanadultsrepo

rtsleepinglessthantherecommendedsevenhours.Forsome,theproblemismodernlife:emails,to-dolistsandscreens.Forotherpeople,it’sthedemands

ofworkorfamily.Thentherearethosewhocan’tsleepwhentheytry.Uptoonein10adultscouldmeetthecriteria(标准)forinsomnia(失眠).Themixofexperienceshasledustot

akesleepingmorescientifically.Acenturyago,weweren’tawarethatthebrain’selectricalactivitychangesduringsleep.Nowth

ere’sevidencethatalackofsleepisassociatedwithhigherriskofdepression,cancer,Alzheimer’sandobesity.Researchpub

lishedintheEuropeanHeartJournalrecentlyreportsthatheartdiseasewasloweramongpeoplewhowenttosleepbetween10p

mand11pm,nomatterhowlongtheyslept.Suchresearchisallwellandgood.Butaftertheriseofstepcounters,issleepthenextpartofhum

anexperiencethatwillbecomeincreasinglytracked,countedandcompared?WesighatLinkedInuserswhoclaimtowakeupat5amandlearnChinese.Butwhati

fpeoplearetoocommittedtoagoodsleep?SleepresearcherMatthewWalkeroncesaid,“Ihaveanon-negotiableeight-hoursleepopportunitywindow.

”Butforme,makingone’ssleepsoinflexiblejuststrikesmeasrathercoldlyindividualistic.Stressingourselvesoutaboutalackofsleepca

naggravatetheproblem.InhisbookOvercomingInsomniaandSleepProblems,OxfordprofessorColinEspiewritesabout“

orthosomnia”,wherepeople’sattentionissofocusedonsleepingwellthattheybecometooanxioustodoso.Espiesaysweeachhaveasleeppatternthat,likeas

hoesize,wefigureoutthroughtrialanderror.Theresearchonbedtimesbetween10pmand11pmwillcheerthosewholeavepartiesea

rlyandgiveuplate-nightfootballhighlights,butitestablishesnocausallink.Genetically,somehumansarelarks(云雀)andsomeareowls.Foran

owltotrytofighttheirnaturalschedule,andsleepearlier,itwouldn’tnecessarilyhelp.Oncewewereurgedtosleepwhenweweredead.Nowtheenlighte

nedtellustosleeporwewilldie.Idon’treallybelieveanyofthis.Agoodnight’ssleepisagreatenjoyment.Asfaraspo

ssible,itshouldalsoremainasimpleone.12.WhatdocsParagraph3mainlytellus?A.WepaytoomuchattentiontosleephoursB.Ourancestorsalwayssufferedf

romalackofsleep.C.OurmentalhealthiscloselyrelatedtoourbrainactivityD.Wenowhaveabetterunderstandingofthebenefit

sofsleep.13.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“aggravate”inParagraph5probablymean?A.Ease.B.Worsen.C.Prevent.D.Address.14.WhichofthefollowingmightColinEs

pieagreewith?A.Weshouldrespecteveryone’ssleeppattern.B.Anowlshouldtryhardtogoagainsttheirnature.C.Itisnecessarytocompared

ifferentsleeppatterns.D.Weshouldchangeoursleeppatternswhennecessary.15.Whatistheauthor’spurposeinwritingthetext?A.Toshowtheimportanceofsleep.B.

Toanalyzethecauseofinsomnia.C.Topersuadepeopletogotobedearly.D.Toreducepeople’sanxietyaboutsleep.【19】江西省名校高中2022-2023学年高

三上学期联合测评Musiccanreallyaffectyourwell-being,learning,qualityoflife,andevenhappiness.Thefactthatmusiccanm

akeadifficulttaskmoretolerablemaybewhystudentsoftenchoosetolistentoitwhiledoingtheirhomework.Butislisteningtomusicthesmartchoiceforstudentswhowantt

oimprovetheirlearning?Anewstudysuggeststhatforsomestudents,listeningtomusicisawisestrategy,butforothers,itisn’t.Theeffectofmusiconcognitive(认知的)fun

ctionappearstodependpartlyonyourpersonality—specifically,onyourneedforexternalstimulation(刺激).Researchersnotonlyassessedlis

teners’personalitybutalsochangedthedifficultyofthetaskandthecomplexityofthemusic.Participantsfirstcompletedapersonalitytestusedt

odeterminetheneedforexternalstimulation.Then,theyengagedinaneasycognitivetask(searchingfortheletterAinlistsofwords)andamorechalle

ngingone(rememberingwordpairs)inorder.Participantsfinishedbothtasksunderoneoftwosoundconditions:(1)nomusic,(2)withmusic.Thedatasuggestt

hatforthosewithahighneedofexternalstimulation,onthesimpletaskoffindingA’s,thescoresforthemusicconditionweresignificantly

worsethanthoseforthesilentcondition.Onthecomplextaskoflearningwordpairs,theirperformancewasworsewhenevermusicwasplayed.Forthosewithalowneedofexter

nalstimulation,however,onthesimpletask,suchparticipants’scoresforthemusicconditionweremuchbetterthanthoseforthesilentconditio

n.Onthecomplextaskoflearningwordpairs,theparticipantsshowedasmallbutreliablebenefitwhenlisteningtomusic.Accordingtothestudy,thereareindividu

aldifferencesintheimpactofmusiconcognitivefunction.Studentswhoareeasilyboredandwhoseekoutstimulationshouldbecautiousofaddingmusic

tothemix.Ontheotherhand,studentswithalowneedforstimulationmaybenefitsignificantlyfromthepresenceofmusic.Withtherig

htpersonality,therightmusicandtherighttask,thepresenceofmusicmaysignificantlyimprovecognitivefunctioning.Giventhebenefitsofmusic,subscriptiontoS

potifywillberewarding!12.Whatcanwelearnaboutthestudyinparagraph2?A.Itonlyinvolvedtheparticipants’response

tomusic.B.Participantscompletedtwotaskswhencomposingsongs.C.Thedifficultyofthetwotasksdecreasedintheexperiment.D.Participantsweregroupedbytheirneedfo

rexternalstimulation.13.Whatcanweinferfromtheresultoftheresearch?A.Thecomplexityoftasksmightreducethebenefitof

music.B.Studentsshouldlistentomusicwhenperformingcomplextasks.C.Studentswithlessexternalstimulationperformbadlywithmusic.D.T

hepresenceofmusicbenefitsstudentswhoseekforexternalstimulation.14.Whatmighttheunderlinedword“Spotify”be?A.Atravelguide.B.Apsychol

ogyjournal.C.Amusicplatform.D.Apersonalitytest.15.Whatcouldbethebesttitleforthearticle?A.Whyismusicessentialinyourstudy?B.Ismusicbene

ficialtoyourpersonality?C.Howcanmusicaffectyourexternalstimulation?D.Doesmusicpromoteyourcognitiveperformance?【20】湖北省荆州荆门宜昌三校20

22-2023学年高三上学期联考试题Petindustryseemstoresistgravity．Withcontinualgrowthoverthepast50years，itshowsnosignofslowingdown．Withpeopletreatingtheirpetsmoreand

morelikeafamilymember，thepetindustrycontinuestoseeariseinrelatedproductsandservices．ThepetindustryintheUSAreache

damilestonein2020，withtotalsalesof$103．6billion，ahistorichigh，accordingtotheAmericanPetProductsAssociationStateoftheIndustryReport，comparedto

salesof$48billionin2010．Thatismorethana100%increaseinjusttenyearsinwhatyoumightconsidertobearelativelyboringindustry．Thepetsupplementindustryha

sbeengrowingrapidlyaspetownerstreattheircatslikeamemberofthefamily，almostmirroringhumanbehavior．Payattentiontowhathumantrendsforhealthasitmightcros

sovertotheirpets．Andifyouthoughtproductinnovationwaslimitedtohumans，youwouldbewrong．Wearestartingtoseesignificantamountsofinnovati

oninpetproductresearchanddevelopment．Forexample:petwipes．Petwipesareessentiallymoisttowelettes(湿纸巾)usedonpetsaf

tergoingtothebathroom．Anotherrelativelynewpetproductcategoryispettoothpaste．Thesametrendgoesinthehigh-endproductaswell．Ifitwillmaketh

eirpetshappier，there’sagroupofownerswhowillbuyit．Andthatincludesrelativelyexpensiveluxuryproducts．Anewbrandofkittylitter(猫砂)changesco

lorbasedonacat’surinepHlevelsandthecompanyclaimsthattheproducthelpscatownersdetectillnessintheircats．Itseemsthatanythinghumansneed，petsneed．So，pe

rhapsit’snotsurprisingthatpetinsuranceisontherise．Theglobalpetinsurancemarketsizewasestimatedat$3．8billionin2019andisexpectedtoreach

$4．4billionin2020accordingtoGrandViewResearch．EvenLemonade，theAI-poweredinsurerrecentlylauncheditsownpetinsurancecovera

ge．32．Whatmakespetindustrycontinuetodevelop？A．ItsresistancetogravityB．People’sgrowthofloveforpetsC．ThesupportofsomeorganizationsD．Thefashionablep

roductsandservices33．Inwhatwayisthegrowthofpetindustryreflected？A．ThediversityofpetsB．Thefamilymembers’behaviorC．Theamountofmoneysp

entonitD．Human’sneedsfortheirownlife34．Accordingtothepassage，whatarethetrendsofpetindustrymainlyabout？A．Pets’healthandwellbeingB

．Pets’appearanceandbeautyC．Pets’trainingandbehaviorD．Pets’rescueandprotection35．Whichofthefollowingcanbethebestti

tle？A．Whatistheinfluenceofpetindustry？B．Whydopetownerstreatpetskindly？C．Doesapetbelongtofamilymembers？D．H

owdoespetindustrycontinuegrowing？【21】广东省深圳市重点高中2023届高三上学期第二次月考Wearetheproductsofevolution,andnotjustevolutionthatoccurredbi

llionsofyearsago.Asscientistslookdeeperintoourgenes（基因）,theyarefindingexamplesofhumanevolutioninjustthepastfewthousandyear

s.PeopleinEthiopianhighlandshaveadaptedtolivingathighaltitudes.Cattle-raisingpeopleinEastAfricaandnorthernEuropehavegainedamutation（突变

）thathelpsthemdigestmilkasadults.OnThursdayinanarticlepublishedinCell,ateamofresearchersreportedanewkindofadaptation—nottoairortofood,bu

ttotheocean.Agroupofsea-dwellingpeopleinSoutheastAsiahaveevolvedintobetterdivers.TheBajau,asthesepeopleareknown,numberinthehundredsofthousands

inIndonesia,MalaysiaandthePhilippines.Theyhavetraditionallylivedonhouseboats;inrecenttimes,they’vealsobuilthousesonstilts（支柱）incoastalwater

s.“Theyaresimplyastrangertotheland,”saidRodneyC.Jubilado,aUniversityofHawaiiresearcherwhostudiestheBajau.Dr.Jubiladofirstmetthe

BajauwhilegrowinguponSamalIslandinthePhilippines.Theymadealivingasdivers,spearfishingorharvestingshellfish.“Weweresoamazedthattheycouldstayunderwat

ermuchlongerthanuslocalislanders,”Dr.Jubiladosaid,“Icouldseethemactuallywalkingunderthesea.”In2015,Melis

saIlardo,thenagraduatestudentingeneticsattheUniversityofCopenhagen,heardabouttheBajau.Shewonderedifcenturies

ofdivingcouldhaveledtotheevolutionofphysicalcharacteristicsthatmadethetaskeasierforthem.“Itseemedlikethe

perfectchancefornaturalselectiontoactonapopulation,”saidDr.Ilardo.Shealsosaidtherewerelikelyanumberofothergenesthat

helptheBajaudive.22.Whatdoestheauthorwanttotellusbytheexamplesinparagraph1?A.Environmentaladaptationof

cattleraisers.B.Newknowledgeofhumanevolution.C.Recentfindingsofhumanorigin.D.Significanceoffoodselection.23.WheredotheBajaubuildtheirhouses

?A.Invalleys.B.Nearrivers.C.Onthebeach.D.Offthecoast.24.WhywastheyoungJubiladoastonishedattheBajau?A.Theycouldwalkonstilt

sallday.B.Theyhadasuperbwayoffishing.C.Theycouldstaylongunderwater.D.Theylivedonbothlandandwater.25.Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A.BodiesRe

modeledforaLifeatSeaB.Highlanders’SurvivalSkillsC.BasicMethodsofGeneticResearchD.TheWorld’sBestDivers【22】江苏省南京市2023届高三上学期10月

学情调查考试Withnospecialequipment,nofencesandnowatering,twoabandonedagriculturalfieldsintheUKhavebeenrewilded(重新野化),inlargepartduetoth

eeffortsofjays,whichactually“engineered”thesenewwoodlands.Researchersnowhopethatrewildingprojectscantakeamorenaturalandhands-offapproa

chandthatjayscanshedsomeoftheirbadreputations.Thetwofields,whichresearchershavecalledtheNewWildernessandtheOldWilderness,hadbeenabandonedin1

996and1961respectively.Theformerwasabarefield,whilethelatterwasgrassland—bothlaynexttoancientwoodlands.Researchershadsuspectedthatthefieldswouldgr

aduallyreturntowilderness,butitwasimpressivetoseejusthowquicklythishappened,andhowmuchofitwasowedtobirds.Usingaerialdata,theresearchersmonito

redthetwosites.Afterjust24years,theNewWildernesshadgrownintoayoung,healthywoodwith132livetreesperhectare,overhalfofwhi

ch(57%)wereoaks.Meanwhile,theOldWildernessresembledamaturewoodlandafter39years,with390treesperhectare.“Thisnati

vewoodlandrestorationwasapproachingthestructure(butnotthespeciescomposition)oflong-establishedwoodlandswithinsixdecades,”theresearche

rsexplainedinthestudy.Partofthisreforestationwasdonebythewind,andresearcherssuspectthatpreviousgrounddisturbancemayhaveaidedthewoodla

ndestablishment—whichisgoodnews,asitwouldsuggestthatagriculturalareasmaybereforestedfasterthananticipated.Howeve

r,animals—Eurasianjays,thrushes,woodmice,andsquirrels—alsoplayedanimportantroleinhelpingtheforeststakeshape.Thishandfulofspecies

providedmuchofthenaturalregenerationneededfortheforesttodevelop.Jays,inparticular,seemtohavedonealotofheavylifting.32.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“s

hed”inParagraph1referto？A.Beopposedto.B.Beashamedof.C.Getusedto.D.Getridof.33.Whichaspectofthechangesinthetwofieldsimpress

edtheresearchers?A.Thescaleofthewoodlands.B.Thediversityofthefields.C.Therateofthechanges.D.Thefrequencyofthewilderness.34.Whatdoestheauthorwan

ttotellusbyprovidingsomedatainParagragh3?A.Thewoodlandrestorationwasapproachingthestructureoflong-establishedones.B.Muchoft

hewildernessofthefieldswasowedtobirds.C.Previousgrounddisturbanceaidedthewoodlandestablishment.D.Howquic

klythefieldsreturnedtowildernessovertime.35.Whatdoesthelastparagraphmainlytalkabout?A.Theessentialroleofhumansinthereforesta

tion.B.Thefactorsthatcontributetothereforestation.C.Theimportanceofwoodlandestablishment.D.Thethreatsfacedbyahan

dfulofwildanimals.【23】湖北省襄阳市重点高中2022-2023学年高三上学期第二次月考AnewstudyfocusedonbirdsexamineshowthemovementsofriversintheAmazonha

vecontributedtothatarea'sexceptionalbiologicaldiversity.Theresearchteam,ledbytheAmericanMuseumofNatur

alHistory,foundthatassmallriversystemschangeovertime,theyspurtheevolutionofnewspecies.Thefindingsalsorevealpreviouslyunknownbirdspeci

esintheAmazonthatareonlyfoundinsmallareasnexttothesedynamicriversystems,puttingthemathighriskofextinction.ThelowlandrainforestsoftheAmazonRiver

basinharbor(藏匿)morediversitythananyotherecosystemontheplanet.Itisalsoagloballyimportantbiome(生物群落)containingabout18pe

rcentofalltreesonEarthandcarryingmorefreshwaterthanthenextsevenlargestriverbasinscombined.ResearchershavelongwonderedandhotlydebatedhowtheAmazon'

srichbiodiversityaroseandaccumulated.“EarlyevolutionarybiologistslikeAlfredRusselWallacenoticedthatmanyspeciesofprimatesandbirdsdifferacrossoppositer

iverbanksintheAmazon,”saidthestudy'sleadauthorLukasMusher.“Moreover,accumulatinggeologicalevidencehassuggestedthat

theseriversarehighlydynamic,movingaroundtheSouthAmericanlandscapeoverrelativelyshorttimeperiods,ontheorderofthousandsor

tensofthousandsofyears.”ToinvestigatehowthemovementofriversacrossthelandscapehasinfluencedtheaccumulationofbirdspeciesintheAmazon,theresearcherss

equencedthegenomes(基因组)ofsixspeciesofAmazonianbirds.Becausetheseriversmovearoundthelandscapeatdifferen

ttimescales,theirmovementscanhavevaryingoutcomesforbirdspecies:whenriverrearrangementsoccurquickly,populationsofbirdso

neachsidecancombinebeforethey'vehadtimetodiffer;whenriverchangeshappenslowly,specieshavealongertimetodivergefr

omoneanother.28.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“spur”inParagraph1mean?A.Stimulate.B.Renew.C.Pursue.D.Interrupt.29.Whathaveresearchersdebated

on?A.WhattheAmazon'sbiodiversityindicates.B.HowtheAmazon'sbiodiversitywasformed.C.WhethertheAmazonhasther

ichestbiodiversity.D.WhyAmazonbirdspeciesareatriskofdistinction.30.WhatcanweconcludefromLukasMusher'swords?A.Thereares

ixspeciesofAmericanbirds.B.RiversmoveveryslowlyinSouthAmerica.C.MostspeciesdifferacrossoppositeAmazonriverbanks.D.Rivermovementmayleadto

theAmazon'sbiodiversity.31.WhathasinfluencedthechangeofbirdspeciesintheAmazon?A.Thelocationofrivermovement.B.Thepopulationsofbirds.C.Thespeedof

rivermovement.D.Theamountofthegenomes.【24】山东省潍坊市五县市2022-2023学年高三10月统考AsanyoneinmainlandBritainwhohasevera

ttemptedtogrowberriesornutsorindeedfeedthebirds–willknow,doingsoisequaltoanopeningmoveinagameofchesswithlocalgreysqu

irrels,agamethesquirrelstendtowin.Greysquirrelsarealsofondoftheoccasionalbird’seggortheyoungbird,andenjoytearingandeatingthebark

ofyoungbroadleaftrees,whichcaneitherkillthetreesorleavethemopentoinfection.This,apartfromaffectingbiodiversityandlandscape,harmst

hewoodindustry.Thelossisnotinsignificant:£37ayearinEnglandandwalks.Greysquirrels,introducedfromNorthAmericain1876,havealmo

streplacednativeredsquirrelsbycompetingthemforfoodandhabitat.Theyarelargerandstronger,andresistanttosquirrelpoxvirus,whileredsarenot.

About3milliongreysquirrelsnowliveintheUK;theInternationalUnionforConservationofNatureliststhegreysquirrelamongthetop100mostharmfulinvasive(入侵的)s

peciesintheworld.InBritain,mucheffortandinventivenesshasbeenmadeinstoppinggreysquirrelprogress,fromtrappi

ngandshootingthem,toreleasingpinemartensintotheirhabitats.Thelatestmove,aworkablesystemforwhichwasthoughttobeadeca

deaway,isforbiddingthebreeding(繁殖)ofgreysquirrels.However,legalchallengebroughtsomanydelaysthattheinvasivegreysquirre

lpopulationexpandedtoanunmanageablelevelandwipingoutwereabandoned.ThemainissueinBritainwasthoughttobemoretechnologicalthanlegaldesigningadrugtha

ttargetsonlygreysquirrelstopreventtheirbreeding.AnotherpossibilityintheyearsaheadistouseDNAeditingtoensuregreyfemalearebornunabletogivebirth.Greysq

uirrelshavenowbeenherefornearly150years.TheydoactivelythreatenanotherspeciesinBritain.Thereisastrongargumentthatecosystemschange.Infact,thati

stheiressentialnature,anditisunrealistictostopit.Theattractionofcontrollingthebreedingmethodsofgreysquirrelsist

hattheyarelessinhumane,andaimforbalanceratherthanuprooting.28.Whatdoestheauthorfocusoninparagraph1?A.Theharmfromgreysquirr

els.B.Theeatinghabitsofgreysquirrels.C.Theeffectofgreysquirrelsonindustry.D.ThegamebetweentheBritishandgreysquirrels.29.Whatledtothevictory

ofgreysquirrelsoverreds?A.Theirhugenumber.B.Theiruniqueorigins.C.Theirbreedingability.D.Theirphysicalqualities.30.W

hatisthemaindifficultyinremovinggreysquirrelsinBritain?A.Lesslabour.B.Shortageofmoney.C.Imperfectlaw.D.Lackoftechnology.31.Whatistheauth

or’sattitudetoforbiddingthebreedingofgreysquirrels?A.Unclear.B.Objective.C.Favorable.D.Doubtful.