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2023届高三英语名校新题快递--10月月考专辑专题03阅读理解之说明文原卷版【01】2023届广东省六校高三上学期第二次联考【02】安徽省皖豫名校联盟2022-2023学年高三上学期第一次联考【03】广东省广州市第五中学2022-2023学年高三上学期10月月【04】浙江省强基联盟2022-

2023学年高三上学期10月联考【05】湖南省长沙市长郡中学2022-2023学高三上学期月考卷（二）【06】河南省实验中学2022-2023学年高三上学期第二次月考【07】湖南省长沙市长郡中学2022-2023学高三上学期月考卷（二）【08】浙江省C8名校协作体

2022-2023学年高三上学期第一次联考【09】甘肃省张掖市2022-2023学年高三上学期第一次诊断考试【10】浙江省C8名校协作体2022-2023学年高三上学期第一次联考【11】江苏省南京师范大学附属中学2022-2023学年高三上学期

第一次月考【12】江苏省苏州市2022〜2023学年高三上学期八校联考【13】2023届广东省六校高三上学期第二次联考【14】湖南省长沙市雅礼中学2022-2023学年高三上学期月考二【15】江苏省泰州中学2022-2023学年高三上学期第一次

月检【16】河北省邢台市六校联考2022-2023学年高三上学期第一次月考【17】江苏省泰州中学2022-2023学年高三上学期第一次月检【18】江苏省泰州中学2022-2023学年高三上学期第一次月检【19】江西省名校高中2022-2023学年

高三上学期联合测评【20】湖北省荆州荆门宜昌三校2022-2023学年高三上学期联考试题【21】广东省深圳市重点高中2023届高三上学期第二次月考【22】江苏省南京市2023届高三上学期10月学情调查考试

【23】湖北省襄阳市重点高中2022-2023学年高三上学期第二次月考【24】山东省潍坊市五县市2022-2023学年高三10月统考【01】2023届广东省六校高三上学期第二次联考Theworld’sbiggestelectricvehicle—a45-tonminingdump

trucknamedtheeDumper—mayhavetogiveupitsthrone.Thenewcomer,poweredwithbothelectricityandareserveofhydrogenfuel,isgoingtostealthattitlea

sthelargestelectricminingtruck.London-basedAngloAmericanisdevelopingthebeastofamachine—itweighs290tons—aspartofitssustainablemining

vision.Theconceptualworkisdone,butU.K-basedWilliamsAdvancedEngineeringwillbringthetrucktolife.Theideais

toreplacethevehicle’sdieselengine(柴油机)withahigh-powermodularlithium-ionbattery(锂电池).“Wearedelightedtobeinvolvedinthisinnovativeandexcitin

gprojectwhichshowsthepotentialofbatterytechnologythatcanadapttoincreaseddemands,fromautomotiveandmotorsportto‘heavyduty’industrialapplications,”C

raigWilson,managingdirectorofWilliamsAdvancedEngineering,said.WhiletheeDumper—aminingtruckusedtomovestonesfromthesidesofmountai

nsinSwitzerland—reliesentirelyonpureelectricityandpurephysicsforpower,theAngloAmericantruckwillusebothalithium-ionbatteryandahydrogenfuelcell(电池)m

odule.Altogether,thenewtruckwillhaveover1,000Kilowatthoursofenergystorage.Hydrogenfuelisaclearfuelth

atproducesonlywaterasaby-productwhenconsumedinafuelcell.It’stypicallyproducedfromnaturalgas,nuclearpower,orrenewablew

indandsolarpower.Addinghydrogenfuelcellstothevehicle’sbatterywillallowthetrucktorunforlongerperiodsoftimewithoutrecharging.There’salsoathirdtypeofp

owerthatcomesintoplaywiththeAngloAmericantruck:kinetic(动力的)energycreatedthroughtheprocessofregenerativebraking

(再生制动系统).Whenanelectricvehicle—beittheAngloAmericantruck,ortheeDumper—rollsdownahill,thatmovementcreateselectr

icalenergyforthebatteryasyoubrake.Theelectricmotorspowerthecarthroughthebattery’sstoredenergy,butcanalsobecomeminigeneratorsthatreturnso

meenergybacktothebattery.AfterAngloAmericanfinishestesttrialswiththetruck,thefirmwillconductstudiestounderstandhowthetruck’

spowerunitscanbeusedtoprovideenergystorageinotherapplications.8.Whatcanbeknownabout“theeDumper”?A.Itweighsmorethan290tons.B.Itispoweredbyhydrogenfuel

.C.Itwillnolongerbethelargestelectrictruck.D.Itwilldiscouragebuyersforbeingexpensive.9.Whatcanbeinfe

rredfromCraigWilson’swords?A.Batterytechnologyisthekeytoupdatingvehicles.B.Batterytechnologyisthebasisofmanufacturing

trucks.C.Thedevelopmentofthelithium-ionbatteryislimited.D.Thefutureofthelithium-ionbatteryispromising.10.Whatisthebenefitofadoptinghydrogenfu

elcells?A.Itcansavealotofmoney.B.Vehiclesbecomemoreeco-friendly.C.Ithasnoenvironmentalimpactatall.D.Vehiclesnolongerneedtoberecharged

.11.Accordingtoparagraph5,whichofthefollowingcanbeafeatureofregenerativebraking?A.Autonomousbraking.B.Energytransformation.C.Simpleop

eration.D.zero-carbonemission.【02】安徽省皖豫名校联盟2022-2023学年高三上学期第一次联考TheAlps’glaciers(冰川)areontrackfortheirhighestmasslossesinatleast60

yearsofrecordkeeping,datasharedwithReutersshows.Bylookingatthedifferenceinhowmuchsnowfellinwinter,andhowmuchicemeltsinsummer,scientistscanme

asurehowmuchaglacierhasshrunkinanygivenyear.Sincelastwinter,whichbroughtrelativelylittlesnowfall,theAlpshavegonethroughtwobigearlysu

mmerheatwaves—includingoneinJulymarkedbytemperaturesnear30ºCintheSwissmountainvillageofZermatt.Duringthish

eatwave,theelevation(海拔)atwhichwaterfrozewasmeasuredatarecordhighof5,184meters—atanaltitudehigherthanMontBlanc’s—comparedwiththenorma

lsummerlevelofbetween3,000-3,500meters.Mostoftheworld’smountainglaciersareshrinkingduetoclimatechange.ButthoseintheEuro

peanAlpsareespeciallyvulnerable(脆弱的)becausetheyaresmallerwithrelativelylittleicecover.Meanwhile,temperaturesintheAlpsarewarmingataround0.3º

Cperdecade—aroundtwiceasfastastheglobalaverage.Ifgreenhousegasemissionscontinuetorise,theAlps’glacier

sareexpectedtolosemorethan80%oftheircurrentmassby2100.Manywilldisappearregardlessofwhateveractionistakennow,thankstoglobalwarmingbakedinbypaste

missions,accordingtoa2019reportbytheUNIntergovernmentalPanelonClimateChange.Swissresidentsworrythattheglacierlosseswillhurtth

eireconomy.SomeskiresortsoftheAlps,whichrelyontheseglaciers,nowcoverthemselveswithwhitesheetstoreflectsunlightandreducemelting.

Swissglaciersfeatureinmanyofthecountry’sfairytales,andtheAletschGlacierisconsideredaUNESCOWorldHeritageSite.“Losingtheglaciersmeanslosingournati

onalheritageandouridentity,”saidhikerBernardinChavaillaz.12.WhathappenedtotheelevationatwhichwaterfrozeintheAlps?A.Itremainedunchanged.B.Itincrea

sedsharply.C.Itreachedanewlow.D.Itdroppednoticeably.13.What’sthemainpurposeofparagraph3?A.Toshowtemperaturesarer

isingintheAlps.B.Toproveclimatechangeleadstoheatwaves.C.ToexplainwhytheAlps’glaciersareindanger.D.TopredictwhatwillhappentotheAlps’g

laciers.14.WhatdidBernardinChavaillazexpressinthelastparagraph?A.Hisadviceonprotectingglaciers.B.Hisconfusioninfindinghisid

entity.C.Hisconcernoverthelossofglaciers.D.Hisinterestinimprovingtheeconomy.15.Whatwouldbethebesttitleforthetext?A.GlaciersintheAlpsAreDisa

ppearingRapidlyB.ClimateChangeIsPresentingaThreattotheAlpsC.SummerHeatwavesHittheAlpsMoreFrequentlyD.MeasuresAreN

eededtoProtecttheAlps’Glaciers【03】广东省广州市第五中学2022-2023学年高三上学期10月月Parentingtechniquesmayhavelonglastingconsequencesforbehavior—evenwhenitcomestodogs

.ResearchersattheUniversityofPennsylvaniastudiedtheearlydevelopment,parentingandthefollowingperformanceof98puppieswhounder

wentguidedogtraining.Dogswhoreceivedmoreindependenceandlesssupportfromtheirmothersweremorelikelytobesuccessfulinbecomingag

uidedog.ThestudywaspublishedMondayinthejournalProceedingsoftheNationalAcademyofSciences.Mom-pupinteractionswereusedtodefinehowhighlyinvolve

dthepuppy’smotherswere.Puppiesraisedwithhighlyinvolvedmothersweremorelikelytobereleased—ordroppedoutfromtheguidedogprogram—comparedt

othosewithlessattentivemothers.“Toomuchofagoodthingcanbeabadthing,”saidleadstudyresearcherEmilyBray.Althoughthes

tudycouldn’tdefinitelypointtowhatwasdrivingthiseffect,“onepossibilityisthatthedogsthatarehavingoverbearing(专横的)mothersare

nevergiventhechancetodealwithsmallchallengesontheirown,andisharmfultotheirlaterbehaviorandoutcomeintheirproblemsolvi

ng.Anotherpossibilityisthatthepuppiesforwhomthemothersarealwaysaroundarealsothemostanxiousorstressed,”sheexplained.“WhatIwas

happyaboutwasthatthereisastudybeingdoneaboutearlylifeexperiencesindogs,”anotherresearcherDoloresHolesaid.“Ifthemomistryingtoprotecth

erpupsagainstsmallchallenges,thentheywillnotbesuitedforthebigchallenges.”Thestudyincludedthreebreeds(品种):Germanshepherds,Labradorret

rieversandGoldenretrievers.Thepuppieswerefollowedfromthefirstweeksoflifeforseveralyears.Interestingly,Labradorretrieverstendedto

washoutfromtheprogram,whileGoldenretrieverstendedtosucceed.Asforwhetherthefindingscanbeappliedtohumanbabiesofso-called“hel

icopterparents,”Braywashesitant.“Ithinkpeoplecandrawparallels(相似之处),butIthinkyoualsohavetobecarefulbecausetheyaredifferentspecies,

”shesaid.Sheadded,“Thenicethingaboutdogsisthattheyarealotlesscomplicatedthanhumans.”8.Whatmakessuccessfulguidedogsaccordingtothestudy?A.

Lessattentiveowners.B.Morepracticaltraining.C.Lesssupportivemothers.D.Moretenseenvironment.9.WhatdoesParagraph4mainlytalk

about?A.Thenecessityofmom-pupinteractions.B.Somecharacteristicsofgoodguidedogs.C.Thesignificanceofhighparentalinvolvement.D.Potentialca

usesofsomepuppies’poorperformance.10.WhatcanweknowaboutLabradorretrieversinthestudy?A.Theychoosetostay.B

.Theyfailtobequalified.C.Theyrisetochallenges.D.Theyareeasytonotice.11.Whichcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A.Parentingtechniquescanapplyt

oguidedogsB.GuidedogsarelesscomplicatedthanhumansC.ResearchershelpraisepublicawarenessofblindpeopleD.Astudyisdoneaboutearlylifeexperiencesofhum

anbabies【04】浙江省强基联盟2022-2023学年高三上学期10月联考InJapan,youarewhatyourbloodtypeis.Aperson’sbloodtypeispopularlybelievedtodecidehis/hercharacterandper

sonality.Type-Apeoplearegenerallyconsideredsensitiveperfectionistsandgoodteamplayers,butover-anxious.TypeOsarecuriousandgenerousbut

stubborn.TypeABsareartisticbutmysteriousandunpredictable,andtypeBsarecheerfulbuteccentric,individualistic,andself

ish.Thoughlackingscientificevidence,thisbeliefiswidelyseeninbooks,magazines,andtelevisionshows.Lastyear,fourofJapan’stop10bests

ellerswereabouthowbloodtypedeterminespersonality,throughwhichreadersseemedtobeabletodiscoverthedefinitionoftheirbloodtyp

eorhavetheirself-imageconfirmed.Theblood-typebeliefhasbeenusedinunusualways.ThewomensoftballteamthatwongoldforJapanat

theBeijingOlympicsisreportedtohaveusedblood-typetheoriestocustomizetrainingforeachplayer.Somekindergartenshaveadoptedteach

ingmethodsalongbloodgrouplines,andevenmajorcompaniesreportedlymakedecisionsaboutassignmentsbasedonanemployee’s

bloodtype.In1990,MitsubishiElectronicswasreportedtohaveannouncedtheformationofateamcomposedentirelyofABworkers,thanksto“the

irabilitytomakeplans”.Thebeliefevenaffectspolitics.Oneformerprimeministerconsidereditimportantenoughtorevealinhisofficial

profilethathewasatypeA,whilehisoppositionrivalwastypeB.In2011,aminister,RyuMatsumoto,wasforcedtoresignafteronlyaweekinoffice,whenabad-te

mperedencounterwithlocalofficialswastelevised.Inhisresignationspeech,heblamedhisfailingsonthefactthathewasbloodtypeB.Theblood-typec

raze,consideredsimplyharmlessfunbysomeJapanese,mayrevealitselfasprejudiceanddiscrimination.Infact,thisseemssocommonthattheJapanesenowhaveatermforit:b

ura-hara,meaningblood-typeharassment(骚扰).Therearereportsofdiscriminationleadingtochildrenbeingbullied,endingofhappyrelati

onships,andlossofjobopportunitiesduetobloodtype.8.What’sthemainideaofparagraph1?A.TheJapaneseattachgreatimportancetobloodtype.B.Thebooksaboutbloodt

ypearepopularinJapan.C.TheJapaneseconfirmtheirpersonalitytotallythroughbloodtype.D.TheJapanesethinkbloodt

ypebestsellersareimportanttotheirself-image.9.Accordingtothepassage,whichbloodtypecanweinferistheLEASTf

avoredinJapan?A.TypeA.B.TypeB.C.TypeO.D.TypeAB.10.PrimeMinisterRyuMatsumotoresignedfromofficebecause________.A.herevealedhisrival’

sbloodtypeB.hewasseenbehavingrudelyonTVC.heblamedhisfailingsonlocalofficialsD.hewasdiscriminatedagainstbec

auseofbloodtype11.Whatisthespeaker’sattitudetowardtheblood-typebeliefinJapan?A.Negative.B.Defensive.C.Objective.D.Encouraging.【05】湖南省长沙市长郡中学2022-20

23学高三上学期月考卷（二）HundredsofnativeNorthAmericanplants,oftendismissedasweeds,deservealotmorerespect,accordingtoanewstudy.Theseplants,distantcou

sinsoffoodslikesunflowersandlettuce(莴苣),actuallyrepresentabotanicaltreasurenowfacingincreasedthreatsfromclimatechangeandh

abitatloss.Thecropsthatthehumanracenowdependson,includinggrainslikewheatandtreefruitlikepeaches,originallywereselectedorbred(培育)fromplantsthat

grewwildhundredsorthousandsofyearsago.IntheU.S.,therearewildancestorsofblueberries,sweetpotatoes,onions,potatoes,andmanyothe

rfoodcrops.“Someofthemarequitecommon,”saysColinKhoury,aresearchscientistattheInternationalCenterforTropicalAgri

culture.“Wildlettuceplantsgrowalongsidewalks,orinbackyards,butgounrecognized.”Othercroprelativesarerareandt

hreatened.OneofKhoury’sfavoritesistheparadoxicalsunflower.”ItgrowsjustinwetlandsofthedesertsofNewMexicoandTexas.Littlesaltyareasw

herethere’salittlebitofwaterbeneaththesoil,”hesays.Soplantgrowerscrossbreditwithcommercialsunflowersandcreatednewvar

ietiesthatcangrowinplaceswherethesoilcontainsmoresalt.Otherwildrelativesmaybehidingsimilarlyremarkable

gifts,Khourysays,suchasgenesthatcouldhelptheirdomesticatedrelativessurvivediseases,ordealwithpests.Khouryandsomeofhis

colleaguesjustfinishedasurveyofabout600wildcroprelativesthatgrowinNorthAmerica,andtheyfoundthatmosto

ftheseplantsarethreatenedbythingslikefires,farminganddevelopment.Thescientistsarguethattheydeservemoreprotection.Foronething,“genebanks”shouldc

ollectandpreservethem.Inaddition,theseplantsneedmoreprotectionintheirnaturalhabitat.AccordingtoKhoury,thatdoesn’tnecessarilymeansettingasid

elandforthem.Inmanycases,theplantsalreadyaregrowingonpubliclandthat’smanagedbytheU.S.ForestService(USFS)ortheBureauofLandManagement(

BLM).“It’smoreaboutjustbeingawarethattheseplantsactuallyexist,”hesays.28.Whatdidthenewstudymainlyfocuson?A.Endangeredp

lantspecies.B.Wildrelativesoffoodcrops.C.Theimpactsofclimatechange.D.Thethreatsfromplanthabitatloss.29.Whatdo

weknowabouttheparadoxicalsunflower?A.Itneedsmuchwatertogrowwell.B.Itgrowsalongsidewalksorinbackyards.C.Itseemscapableofsurviving

variousdiseases.D.Ithelpscommercialsunflowersadapttosaltysoil.30.Howmightthescientistsfeelabouttheirsurveyresults?A.Reliev

ed.B.Concerned.C.Annoyed.D.Critical.31.WhatmightKhourysuggesttheBLMdo?A.JoinhandswiththeUSFS.B.Setasidelandforwildplants.C.Collectgenesof

threatenedcropspecies.D.Learnaboutplantsonitsmanagedland.【06】河南省实验中学2022-2023学年高三上学期第二次月考TheWorldHealthOrganizationwarnsthatm

illionsofpeoplearedyingeveryyearfromindoorairpollution.Nearlythreebillionpeopleareunabletousecleanfue

lsandtechnologiesforcooking,heatingaswellaslighting.Thesefindingsshowthattheuseofdeadlyfuelsininefficientstoves,spaceheaters

orlightsistoblameformanyofthesedeaths.WHOofficialssayindoorpollutionleadstoearlydeathsfromstroke,heartandlungdisease,c

hildhoodpneumoniaandlungcancer.Womenandgirlsarethemainvictims.Thesediseasescanoftenresultfromtheburningofsolidf

uels.Thesefuelsincludewood,coal,animalwaste,cropwasteandcharcoal.TheUnitedNationsfoundthatmorethan95percentofhouseholdsinsub-SaharanAfr

icadependonsolidfuelsforcooking.ItsayshugepopulationsinIndia,ChinaandLatinAmericancountries,suchasGuatermalaandPeru,arealsoatrisk.NigelBraceisa

professorofPublicHealthattheUniversityofLiverpool.Hesaysresearchersaredevelopinggoodcook-stovesandotherequipmenttoburnfuelsinamoreefficientway.Therea

realreadymultipletechnologiesavailableforuseincleanfuels.Thereisreallyquiteaneffectiveandreasonablyl

ow-costalcoholstovemadebyDometic(aSweden-basedcompany)thatisnowbeingtestedout.LPG(LiquefieldPetroleumGas)cookisobviouslywidelyavailablean

deffortsareunderwaytomakethoseefficient.Anotherinterestingdevelopmentiselectricinductionstoves.WHOexpertsnotethatsomenew,safeandlow-costtechno

logiesthatcouldhelparealreadyavailable.InIndia,youcanbuyaninductionstoveforabout$8.00.AndinAfricayoucanbuyasolarlam

pforlessthan$1.00.Butthis,theagencysays,isjustastart.Itisurgingdevelopingcountriestousecleanerfuelsandincreaseaccesstocleanerandmoremodern

cookingandheatingappliances/devices.12.Whatdoestheindoorpollutionmainlyresultfrom?A.Poisonousfuels.B.Hightechnology.C.Spaceheaters.D.So

larenergy.13.HowisParagraph3mainlydeveloped?A.Byshowingdifferences.B.Bydescribingaprocess.C.Bymakingalis

t.D.Byanalyzingdata.14.Whatcanweinferfromthepassage?A.Indoorpollutionresultsinsomedeaths.B.Mostofthe

deathsareindevelopingcountries.C.Thesolidfuelsareusedinmoreeffectiveways.D.Thereisnoindoorpollutionindevelopedcountries.15.Whichofthefo

llowingisTRUEaccordingtothepassage?A.LPGcooksarebeingtestedout.B.Alcoholstovesarewidelyusednow.C.Electricinductionstovesareexpensive.D.Solarlam

psareverycheapinAfrica.【07】湖南省长沙市长郡中学2022-2023学高三上学期月考卷（二）Itisn’tjustthebeautyofvastnaturalwondersliketheGrandCanyonthatcantakeyourbreathaway.Youcan

findaweineverydaythings.Anewresearch,publishedinthejournalEmotion,foundthatolderadultswhotook“awewalks”feltmorepositiveemotio

nsintheirdailylives.Inthestudy,52olderadultsaged60to90weredividedrandomlyintotwogroups.Theyweretoldtotakeatleastone15-minutewalkeachweekforeigh

tweeks.Volunteersinthe“awegroup”wereinstructedinhowtoinspireaweastheywalked.“Weaskedthemtotrytoseethewor

ldwithfresheyes—totakeinnewdetailsofaleaforflower,forexample,”Sturmsays.Forexample,oneparticipantfromtheaweg

roupwroteabout“thebeautifulfallcolorsandhowtheleaveswerenolongercrunchy(嘎吱响)underfootbecauseoftherain”—th

ewonderthatsmallchildrenfeelastheyembracetheirexpandingworld.However,peopleintheothergroupwerelessfocusedonthew

orldaroundthem.Oneparticipantwrote,“IthoughtaboutourvacationinHawaiinextThursday.”Inaddition,participantswereaskedtotakeselfies(自拍)inthebeginning,

middle,andendofeachwalk.Researchersfoundthatparticipantswhotookawewalksshoweda“smallself”,inthattheyfilledlessoftheirphotographswiththeirownima

geandmorewiththebackgroundscenery.“Whenwefeelawe,ourattentionshiftsfromfocusingonourselvestofocusingontheworldaroundus,”

Sturmsays.“Aweaffectsoursocialrelationshipsbecauseithelpsustofeelmoreconnectedwiththeworld,universe,andotherpeople.”Thei

rsmilesalsogrewbroaderbytheendofthestudy.“Weanalyzedtheintensityoftheirsmilesintheselfies,andparticipantswhotookawewalksdisp

layedgreatersmilesovertimethanthosewhotookcontrolwalks.Theformerreportedgreaterpositiveemotionsingeneral,inc

ludingmorejoyandgratitude.”Participantsinthecontrolgrouptookmorefrequentwalksthanthosepeopleintheawegroup,theresearchersdiscove

red.Butwalkingmoredidn’tresultinpositivechangesinemotionalhealthorinthewaytheirselfiesweretaken.Thissuggeststh

attheresultsweremainlyduetoexperiencingawe,andnotjustinspendingtimeexercising.32.Whatwereparticipantsinthe“awegroup”requiredtodoinParagraph

2?A.Totakeawalkeachweek.B.Tofocusontheirinnerworld.C.Tocollectleavesaftertherain.D.Toexplorewithchildlikecuri

osity.33.Whatcanweseeintheselfiesfromtheawewalks?A.Close-upimageswithwidesmiles.B.Moreattentiononthemselves.C.Simplythebackgroundscenery.D.Smallfi

gureswithbiggersmiles.34.Whatcanweknowfromthelastparagraph?A.Experiencingawecounts.B.Morewalks,morejoy.C.Exercisescanbenefitus.D.Aw

ecomeswithwalking.35.Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitle?A.AweWalksPromoteYourPhysicalFitnessB.ExperiencingAweDoe

sWondersforEveryoneC.AweWalksImproveYourPositiveEmotionsD.FrequentWalksContributetoEmotionalHealth【08】浙江省C8名校协作体20

22-2023学年高三上学期第一次联考IliveinthelandofDisney,Hollywoodandyear-roundsun.Youmaythinkpeopleinsuchaglamorous,fun-fill

edplacearehappierthanothers.Ifso,youhavesomemistakenideasaboutthenatureofhappiness.Manyintelligentpeoplestillequa

tehappinesswithfun.Thetruthisthatfunandhappinesshavelittleornothingincommon.Funiswhatweexperienceduringanact.Happinessiswhatweexperienceaftera

nact.Itisadeeper,moreabidingemotion.Goingtoanamusementparkorballgame,watchingamovieortelevision,arefunactivi

tiesthathelpusrelax,temporarilyforgetourproblemsandmaybeevenlaugh.Buttheydonotbringhappiness,becausetheirpositiveeffectsendwhen

thefunends.IhaveoftenthoughtthatifHollywoodstarshavearoletoplay,itistoteachusthathappinesshasnothingtodowith

fun.Theserich,beautifulindividualshaveconstantaccesstoglamorousparties,fancycars,expensivehomes,everythingtha

tspells“happiness”.Butinmemoiraftermemoir,celebritiesrevealtheunhappinesshiddenbeneathalltheirfun:depression,alcoholism,drugaddicti

on,brokenmarriages,troubledchildrenandprofoundloneliness.Askabachelorwhyheresistsmarriageeventhoughhefindsdatingtobelessandlesssatisfy

ing.Ifhe’shonest,hewilltellyouthatheisafraidofmakingacommitment.Forcommitmentisinfactquitepainful.Thesinglelifeisfilledw

ithfun,adventureandexcitement.Marriagehassuchmoments,buttheyarenotitsmostdistinguishingfeatures.Similarly,couplesthatchoosenottohavechildrenared

ecidinginfavorofpainlessfunoverpainfulhappiness.Theycandineoutwhenevertheywantandsleepaslateastheywant.Coupleswithinfantchildrenareluckytoge

tawholenight’ssleeporathree-dayvacation.Idon’tknowanyparentwhowouldchoosethewordfuntodescriberaisingchildren.U

nderstandingandacceptingthattruehappinesshasnothingtodowithfunisoneofthemostliberatingrealizationswecanevercometo.Itliberatestime:nowwecandevote

morehourstoactivitiesthatcangenuinelyincreaseourhappiness.Itliberatesmoney:buyingthatnewcarorthosefancyclothesthatwilldonothingtoincreaseourhappines

snowseemspointless.Anditliberatesusfromenvy:wenowunderstandthatallthoserichandglamorouspeopleweweresosurearehappybecausetheyarealwayshavingsomuchfun

actuallymaynotbehappyatall.8.Whichofthefollowingistrue?A.Funcreateslong-lastingsatisfaction.B.Happinessisenduringwhereasfunisshort-lived.C.

Funprovidesenjoymentwhilepainleadstohappiness.D.Funthatislong-standingmayleadtohappiness.9.Totheauthor,Hollywoodstarsallhaveanimportantrole

toplaythatisto________.A.writememoiraftermemoirabouttheirhappinessB.teachpeoplehowtoenjoytheirlivesC.tellthepublicthathappinesshasn

othingtodowithfunD.bringhappinesstothepublicinsteadofgoingtoglamorousparties10.Havinginfantchildren,thecouplescan________.A.gainhappinessfromtheirc

ommitmentB.findfuningettingthemintobedatnightC.findmoretimetoplayandjokewiththemD.beluckysincetheycanhaveawholenight’ssleep11.Ifone

getsthemeaningofthetruesenseofhappiness,hewill________.A.stopplayinggamesandjokingwithothersB.keephimselfwithhisfamil

yC.giveafreehandtomoneyD.makethebestuseofhistimetoincreasehappiness【09】甘肃省张掖市2022-2023学年高三上学期第一次诊断考试Elderlypeoplehaveahigher

chanceofsufferingfromillnessessuchasdiabetes,cancer,andheartdisease.OnecommonhealthproblemthataffectsthemisA

lzheimer’sdisease,whichaffectsaperson’smemory,behavior,andthinking.Becauseofmemorylossandbehavioralchanges,peoplewithAlzheimer’smaysl

owlybecomeunabletotakecareofthemselves,eventuallyrequiringconstantcarefromfamilymembersorcaregivers.ThereisnocureforAlzhe

imer’satthemoment—drugscanonlytreatitssymptoms.Buttechnologycanimprovethelivesofthoselivingwiththeconditionbymakingiteasierforthemtogoabou

ttheirdailyactivities.Forexample,trackingdevicesplacedinwatchesorjewelrycanmonitorwhereapersonis.Autom

atedreminderscanalsobestoredinmotionsensorsandplacedaroundthehouse.Whenasensordetectsmovement,itcanplayarecordedvoicemessagetoremindthepersontol

ockthedoororturnoffthestove.Alzheimer’sdiseaseisahugechallenge,butwemaybegettingclosetofindingasolution.Inthefuture,itmightbepossi

bletotreatAlzheimer’swithoutusingdrugs.AteamofresearchersinAustraliahascreatedaformoftechnologythatc

ansendsoundwavesintothebrain.ThesesoundwaveshelptoclearwasteinthebrainthatcontributestoAlzheimer’s.Theteamhastestedtheirtechnologyandfoundthati

thelpedtorestorememoryin75percentofmice.Workonthetechnologyisn’tcomplete,but,ifsuccessful,itcouldpreventmemorylossinpeoplewithAlzheimer’s.

Thisreallydoesfundamentallychangetheunderstandingofhowtotreatthisdiseaseandresearchersforeseeagreatfutureforthisapproach

.12.Alzheimer’sisadiseasethatmainlyaffectsthe____.A.musclesB.bloodC.brainD.heart13.Uptonow,whichcanhelpAlzheimer’

spatientswhogetlosteasily?A.Trackingdevices.B.Automatedreminders.C.Sendingsoundwavesintothebrain.D.Restoringmemory.

14.Whichofthefollowingcanreplace“contributesto”inthelastparagraph?A.Helpstocure.B.Helpstocause.C.Helpstoworsen.D.He

lpstoprevent.15.What’sthemainideaofthetext?A.Elderlypeoplewillbegintofacemanychallenges.B.Societyshouldprovideenoughhealthcaretoelderlypeople

.C.There’saneedtobetterunderstandthecauseofAlzheimer’s.D.TechnologymightsolvesomeproblemsofpeoplewithAlzheimer’s.【10】浙江省C8名校协作体20

22-2023学年高三上学期第一次联考AlbertEinstein’s1915masterpiece“TheFoundationoftheGeneralTheoryofRelativity”isthefirstands

tillthebestintroductiontothesubject,andIrecommenditassuchtostudents.Butitprobablywouldn’tbepublishableinascientifi

cjournaltoday.Whynot?Afterall,itwouldpasswithflyingcoloursthetestsofcorrectnessandsignificance.Andwhilepopularbeliefholdsthatthepaperwasincomprehens

ibletoitsfirstreaders,infactmanypapersintheoreticalphysicsaremuchmoredifficult.AsthephysicistRichardFeynmanwrote,“Therewasati

mewhenthenewspaperssaidthatonly12menunderstoodthetheoryofrelativity.Idobelievetheremighthavebeenatimewhenonlyoneman

did,becausehewastheonlyguywhocaughton,beforehewrotehispaper.Butafterpeoplereadthepaperalotunderstoodthetheoryofrelativ

ityinsomewayorother,certainlymorethan12.”No,theproblemisitsstyle.Itstartswithaleisurelyphilosophicaldiscussionofs

paceandtimeandthencontinueswithanexpositionofknownmathematics.Thosetwosections,whichwouldbeconsideredext

raneoustoday,takeuphalfthepaper.Worse,therearezerocitationsofpreviousscientists’work,norarethereanygraphics.Thosefeaturesmightmakeapapernoteven

getpastthefirsteditors.Asimilarprocessofprofessionalizationhastransformedotherpartsofthescientificland

scape.Requestsforresearchtimeatmajorobservatoriesornationallaboratoriesaremorerigidlystructured.Andanythingin

volvingworkwithhumansubjects,orputtinginstrumentsinspace,involvespilesofpaperwork.WeseeitalsointheRegeneronScienceTale

ntSearch,theNobelPrizeofhighschoolsciencecompetitions.Intheearlydecadesofits78-yearhistory,thewinningprojectswereusuallythesor

tofcleverbutnaive,amateurisheffortsonemightexpectoftalentedbeginnersworkingontheirown.Today,polishedworkcomingoutofinternships(实习)at

establishedlaboratoriesisthenorm.Theseprofessionalizingtendenciesareanaturalconsequenceoftheexplosivegrowthofmodern

science.Standardizationandsystemmakeiteasiertomanagetherapidflowofpapers,applicationsandpeople.Butthere

areseriousdownsides.Alotofunproductiveeffortgoesintojumpingthroughbureaucratichoops(繁文缛节),andoutsidersfaceentrybarriersateveryturn.Ofcourse,Einst

einwouldhavefoundhiswaytomeetingmodernstandardsandpublishinghisresults.Itsscientificcorewouldn’thavechanged,butthepapermightnotbethesametastetore

ad.12.AccordingtoRichardFeynman,Einstein’s1915paper________.A.wasaclassicintheoreticalphysicsB.turnedouttobecomprehensibleC.neededfurth

erimprovementD.attractedfewprofessionals13.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“extraneous”inParagraph4mean?A.Unrealistic.B.Irrelevant.C.Unattractive.D.Imprecis

e.14.Accordingtotheauthor,whatisaffectedasmodernsciencedevelops?A.Theapplicationofresearchfindings.B.Theprincipleo

fscientificresearch.C.Theselectionofyoungtalents.D.Theevaluationoflaboratories.15.Whichwouldbethebesttitleforthi

spassage?A.WhatmakesEinsteingreat?B.Willsciencebeprofessionalized?C.CouldEinsteingetpublishedtoday?D

.Howwillmodernsciencemakeadvances?【11】江苏省南京师范大学附属中学2022-2023学年高三上学期第一次月考Modernzoosaimtopromoteanimalc

onservation,educatepeople,andsupportfurtherwildliferesearch.Staffaredevotedtoprovidingspeciesspecifichousinganda

ppropriatedietstoensurethattheanimals’livesareasnaturalaspossiblewithincaptivity(圈养).Infact,mostzooanimalsha

vebeenbornandbredincaptivity.Theyhaveneverexperienced“thewild”,whichmanypeopleassumeisawonderfulandsa

feplace,despitedestructionofnaturalhabitsforpalmoilthreatsfromclimatechangeortheincreaseinpoaching.Therearetwoway

scapturinganimalshelpsconservethem.Zooconservationworkcanbein-situ(在原处)wheremoney:expertiseandsometimesstaffareprovidedtop

rotectanimalsandtheirhabitatsinthewild.Large,charminganimalssuchaspandas,tigersorelephantsdrawthecrowd

s.Theseflagshipspecieshelptoraisetheimageandfundsforin-situconservationeffortsforthenotsowellknownspecies“Ex-situ”conservation,meanwhi

le,takesplaceoutsideoftheanimals’naturalhabitats,usuallybackatthezooandofteninvolvinginternationalcaptivebreedingprograms.Thesestudbooks(

良种登记册)canoutlinesuitablegeneticmatchesforbreeding,tokeepasustainablecaptivepopulationofacertainspeciesandensuregeneticvariation.IntheUKaleast,

zoosmusthaveawritteneducationstrategyandanactiveeducationprogramme.Ifyouhavebeentoanaccredited(官方认可的)zoorecentl

yyouwillhavenoticedtheyusegamesandtechnologytogowaybeyondthesebasicrequirements.Researchwithinzoosoftenlooksatanimalbehaviourorwelfarehelpingtoe

nsuretheanimalsarewellhousedandfed.Otherresearchinvestigatestheimpacthumanshaveonthezooanimalsfromthevisitoreffecttoth

erelationshipswhichcanbeformedbetweentheanimalsandtheirkeepers.Researchalsofocusesonbiologicalfunctioningofanimals.Muchoft

hisisworkthatcannotbeconductedinthewildiftheanimalsliveinremoteorinhospitableareas.Overall,zoosprovideopportunitiestoobserveande

ngagewithexotic(外国的)animals,manyofwhichmaybethreatenedwithextinctioninthewild.Seeingthemupclosecancauseapassionforbiology,conservationandtheenv

ironment.12.Whatdopeoplethinkof“thewild”?A.Itposesadangertohumans.B.ItisperfectforlargeanimalsC.Itisanidealhabitatforanimals.D.I

tguaranteesthesafetyofanimals.13.Whathighlights“ex-situ”conservation?A.Savingtheconservationcost.B.Attractingmorevi

sitorstozoos.C.Keepingaspecies’populationstable.D.Changingthegenesofacertainspecies.14.WhatisParagraph6mainlyabout?A.Howzoo

keepersgetalongwithanimals.B.Howzooscancontributetoresearchwork.C.Whatresearchersareexpectedtodoinzoos.D.Whyitisdiff

iculttocarryoutresearchinthewild.15.Whatistheauthor’spurposeinwringthetext?A.Toshowzooswaystoraiseanimals.B.Tos

tressmodernzoosresearchvalue.C.Todefendzoosroleinprotectinganimals.D.Toadvisezoostoreleaseanimalsintothewild.【12】江苏省苏

州市2022〜2023学年高三上学期八校联考Astheeffectsofclimatechangebecomemoredisastrous,well-knownresearchinstitutionsandgovernmentag

enciesarefocusingnewmoneyandattentiononanidea:artificiallycoolingtheplanet,inthehopesofbuyinghumanitymoretime

tocutgreenhousegasemissions.Thatstrategy,calledsolarclimateintervention(干预)orsolargeoengineering,involvesre

flectingmoreofthesun’senergybackintospace—abruptlyreducingglobaltemperaturesinawaythatimitatestheeffectsofashcloudsflowingoutfromthevolcani

ceruptions.Theideahasbeenconsideredasadangerousandfanciedsolution,onethatwouldencouragepeopletokeepburningfossilfuelswhileexposingth

eplanettounexpectedandpotentiallythreateningsideeffects,producingmoredestructivehurricanes,wildfiresfloo

dsandotherdisasters.But.asglobalwarmingcontinues,producingmoredestructivehurricanes,wildfiresfloodsa

ndotherdisasters,someresearchersandpolicyexpertssaythatconcernsaboutgeoengineeringshouldbeoutweighedbytheimperativetobetterunderstandit,incase

theconsequenceofclimatechangebecomesoterriblethattheworldcan’twaitforbettersolutions.Onewaytocoolthee

arthisbyinjectingaerosols(气溶胶)intotheupperlayeroftheatmosphere.wherethoseparticlesreflectsunlightawayfromtheearth.Thatprocesswork

s,accordingtoDouglasMacMartin,aresearcheratCornellUniversity.“Weknowwith100%certaintythatwecancooltheplanet

,”hesaidinaninterview.What’sstillunclear,headded,iswhathappensnext.Temperature,MacMartinsaid,isanindicatorforalotofclimateeffects.“Whatdoe

sitdotothestrengthofhurricanes?”heasked,“Whatdoesitdotoagricultureproduction?Whatdoesitdototheriskofforestfires

?”AnotherinstitutionfundedbytheNationalScienceFoundationwillanalyzehundredsofsimulationsofaerosolinjection,testingtheeffectsonweatherextre

mesaroundtheworld.Onegoaloftheresearchistolookforasweetspot:theamountofartificialcoolingthatcanreduceextremeweathereventswithoutcausingbroaderchang

esinregionalrainfallpatternsorsimilarimpacts.12.Whydoresearchersandgovernmentagenciesworkoncoolingtheearth?A.Toprevent

naturaldisasters.B.Towinmoretimetoreducegasemissions.C.Toimitatevolcaniceruptions.D.Toencouragemorepeopletoburfossilfuels.13.Whatareresearchersworrie

daboutintermsofglobalwarming?A.Morevolcanoeswillthrowout.B.Moresolarenergywillgointospace.C.Moredisastersw

illendangerthefutureoftheworld.D.Peoplewillkeepburningfossilfuelstokeepwarm.14.WhatcanbeinferredfromDouglas’wordsinaninterview?A.He

thinksmoreresearchremainstobedone.B.Heisoptimisticabouttheeffectofcoolingtheearth.C.Heisconcernedaboutthereductioninagricultureproduction.D.Hedisapp

rovesofthepracticeofsolarclimateintervention.15.Whatdoestheunderlinedwords“sweetspot”inthelastparagraphmean?A.Therainfallpat

ternofaregion.B.Themodestdropintemperature.C.Thenumberofextremeweatherevents.D.Theinjectionamountofa

erosol.【13】2023届广东省六校高三上学期第二次联考Dreams,accordingtoCarlJung,revealacertainamountofrealityhiddenduringwakingconsciousnes

s.InJungianphilosophy,theconflictandchaosexperiencedindreamsfinallybringordertoourlives.WhileJung’smysticaltheor

iesaredebatable,hewasnotmistakenabouttheimportanceofdreaming.Agrowingnumberofreportsshowthatacontinuouslackofdreamingisdamagingou

rwakinghoursinmanyways.Thistrendiscausingdamagetoourimmuneandmetabolic(新陈代谢的)systems,letalonetheelectronicproduc

tsthatkeepusuplateatnightareruiningoursleeppatterns,whichhaslong-termconsequencesonourmemorysystem.Ones

tudyshowedthatnotallowingmicetohaveadequateamountsofREM(RapidEyeMovement)sleep,thestageinwhichwedream,themicecouldn’tstrengthenmemories.Youmightthin

kthisisjustasleepproblem,butdreamingisinseparablefromournighttimerest.Wesleepincycles(周期),eachlastingabo

ut90minutes;inasleepcycle,wegothroughnon-REMsleepbeforehittingREM.Asthenightprogresses,REMsleepperiodsincreaseinlengthwhiledeepsleep(on

eofthestagesofnon-REMsleep)decreases.Thelongerwesleep,themoretimewespendinREM,whichiswhyweareoftendreamingwhenwakingu

pinthemorning.Ifwesleeplessthansevenhours,however,itbecomeshardertoachievethislevelofREM.Thecombinationofsleepinganddreamingactsasanemotion

alstabilizer.Werecoverfromemotionalhurtfasterwhenwesleepanddreamproperly.However,we’renotgettingenoughsleeptocyclethroughthestagestotakeadvantage

ofthisnaturalcircadiananti-depressant(抗抑郁剂)—dreams.Instead,wegetdepressedandturntoalcoholormedicinestog

ettosleep,whichonlymakesthingsworsebecauseevenonedrinkleadstolateREMwhileanti-depressantspromotedeepsleepattheexpenseofREM.We’repayingforthislackofdr

eaminginmanyways.Forexample,a2021studystatedthatcomparedwithquietrestandnon-REMsleep,REMpromotedtheformationofassociativene

tworksandtheintegration(整合)ofunassociatedinformation.VolunteersthatexperiencedmoreREMsleepwerebetterequippedforsolvingproblemsrequiringcre

ativesolutions.RowanHooper,themanagingeditoratNewScientist,writesthatdreamsthatincludean“emotionalcore”appeartobeamainfunctionofR

EMsleepandthatweshouldlookatsleeppatternsasseriouslyaswedodietandexercisehabits.12.What’sCarlJung’sviewaboutdreams?A.Theycausechaos.B.Theydam

ageimmunity.C.Theyrevealsecrets.D.Theymirrorreality.13.Whyisthesleepprocessexplainedinparagraph3?A.Toshowadreammainlyoccursd

uringREMsleep.B.Toprovetheminimumsleeptimeshouldbesevenhours.C.Toprovedreamproblemsandsleepproblemsareattached.D.Toshowpeopleoftendreamwhen

wakingupinthemorning.14.Whatconclusioncanbeinferredfromparagraph5?A.Dreamingpromotescreativity.B.Dreaminghelpsfightdepressio

n.C.ThebrainstillreceivesnewinformationduringREMsleep.D.Thebrainispayingthepriceforhavingmorenon-REMsleep.1

5.What’sthemainideaofthepassage?A.Theimportanceofsleepliesindreams.B.Theabsenceofdreamsisterribleforus.C.Dreamingpatter

nsaremoreimportantthanwerealize.D.Dreaminghasmysticalpowerofstrengtheningmemories.【14】湖南省长沙市雅礼中学2022-2023学年高三上学期月考二Thedeep-seaoilandgasindustryhasvas

tandcostlyfacilitiestomaintain.Wells,otherequipment,andthousandsofkilometersofpipelinesmustbeinspectedandrepaired.Now,cutting-edgeunder

waterdrones(无人机)androbotsarebeingdevelopedthatcouldmaketheworksaferandcheaper.AmongthemisEelume,asix-meter-long,sn

ake-likerobotequippedwithsensorsandacameraateachend.Itcanbekeptatastationatdepthsofuptohalfakilometerforsixmonths,withoutbeingbroughtb

acktothesurface.Therobotcantravelupto20kilometersbeforeneedingtoreturntoitsstationtorecharge.Maintenanceworkatmany

deep-waterwellsandpipelinesystemsisalreadycarriedoutbyunmannedvehicles.Butthesevehiclestypicallyneedtobetransportedtotheoffshoresiteon

afullycrewedshipandthenremotelyoperatedfromonboardthesurfaceship.Thatcancostupto$100,000perday,accordingtoPålLilje

bäck,chieftechnologyofficerwithEelumeSubseaIntervention,whichdevelopedtherobot.Liljebäcksaysthatby“enablingthero

bottobecomeasubsearesidentlivingatastation,itcanbemobilizedatanytimetodoinspections,therebyreducingtheneedfor

costlysurfaceships”.Eelumecanworkautonomouslyontasksassignedfromacontrolroomonshore,andsendbackvideoanddata.Itssnake-likedesignallow

sittoworkinsmallspacesandwriggle(扭动)itsbodytostayinplaceinstrongcurrents.Bystayingunderthesea,itcancar

ryouttaskswhatevertheconditionsonthesurfaceoftheocean.Theglobalunderwaterroboticsmarketisexpectedtobewortharound$7billionin2025,accordingto

analysts,andothercompaniesareintheprocessofcommercializingnewdeep-seadroneandrobottechnology.EelumeSubseaInterventionwillcarry

outfinaltestingontheseabedlaterthisyearattheÅsgardoilandgasfield.Itexpectstoputitsfirstsnakerobotsintousenextyearandhopest

ohaveupto50inoceansaroundtheworldby2027.12.WhatisonefeatureofEelume?A.Itcantravelnearly40kilometersbeforerecharging.B

.Itcandiveasdeepas500meters.C.Itworksmainlyaroundthestation.D.Itworksfor6monthsononecharge.13.Whatistheproblemwithunmannedvehicles?A.T

heyaretoocostlytomaintain.B.Theyarehardtooperateremotely.C.Theyrequiretransportationtoandfromwork.D.Theyhavetoworkonafullycrewedshipallthetime.14.W

hatcanbeexpectedofEelumeinthefuture?A.Itwillrequirenofurthertests.B.Itwillbewortharound$7billion.C.Itwillbeputonthemarketin2027.

D.Itwillfacealotofcompetitors.15.Whatisthemainideaofthepassage?A.Asnakerobotisonitswayforunderwatertasks.B.Eelumeisthenewchoiceforc

onstructingpipelines.C.Maintenanceworkontheoceanfloorisariskyjob.D.Unmannedvehiclesmarketinghasseenstronggrowth.【15】江苏省泰州中学2022-2023学年高三上学期第一次月检

MitsuhiroIwamotoisablindpersonwhosailednon-stopacrossthePacificOcean.OneofMr.Iwamoto’sfriendssays,“Hefeelsthewavesandhecansensethe

speedandangleofthewindstoadjustthesailsproperly.”TheonlythingMr.Iwamotocan’tdoissee.SoheteamedupwithDougSmith.In2013,Mr.Iwa

mototriedtosailacrossthePacific.Butafteronlyfivedaysatsea,hisboatwashitbyawhale.Theboatsank,andhespent11hoursfloatingintheseainalif

eraftbeforehewasrescued.WhenMr.SmithlearnedthestoryofMr.Iwamoto’sdefeatduringhisfirstattemptatcrossingthePacific,ithadabigeffectonhim.Hedecidedtoj

ointhetripnotjusttoprovethattheycoulddoit,butalsotocollectfundsforapublicwelfarefoundationthatboughtmedicalinsuranceforp

oorchildren.HegotintouchwithMr.Iwamoto.Thetworealizedthattheywouldmakeagoodteam.Ittookalotofcouragetomakeasecondattemptafterthefailure.ButM

r.Iwamotowasdetermined.Hebegantotrainforthetrip.Heskied,ranhalf-marathonsandmarathons,andtookpartintriathlons(raceswithswimmi

ng,biking,andrunning).Mr.Smithboughta12-metersailboatfromlocalpeople.Theytookdrinkingwaterandenoughfoodfor60days.Thesailboathadsolarpanelstokeepthe

GPSandthesatellitephonecharged.OnFebruary24,Mr.IwamotosetoutfromSanDiego,Californiaontheir14,000-kilometertrip.Finally,around9a.m.onApril20—afters

ailingnon-stopfor55days,thetwoarrivedinIwaka,FukushimaPrefecture,Japan,“Peopleoftensaythatthephysicalillnesscan’tstopapersonfrommakingadif

ference,butIhavetowalkthewalktoproveit,”Mr.Iwamotosaid.4.WhatcanbeinferredaboutDougSmith?A.Hespentalotoftime

intheocean.B.Hehadgreatskillsinsailingtheboat.C.Heworkedasaguideduringthetrip.D.Heboughttheinsurancebeforethetrip.5.WhydidDougSmithjointhetrip?A.

Tohuntwhales.B.Toraisemoneyforcharity.C.Torescuepeoplelostintheocean.D.Tobeinsearchoffameandfortune.6.Whatisthethirdparagraphmainlyabout?A

.Thepreparationstheymadeforthetrip.B.Thesupporttheyreceivedfromlocalpeople.C.Theequipmenttheyboughtfortheirtrainin

g.D.Thedifficultytheyencounteredduringthetrip.7.Whatcanwelearnfromthisstory?A.Neverlookdownonunderdo

gs.B.Actionsspeaklouderthanwords.C.Afriendinneedisafriendindeed.D.Bethechangeyouwanttoseeintheworld.【16】河北省

邢台市六校联考2022-2023学年高三上学期第一次月考Sincethebeginningofthesummerin2022,Chinahasbeenswelteringundertheworstheatwaveindecades.Anum

berofpeopleinZhejiang,Henan,JiangsuandSichuanprovinceswerediagnosedwiththermoplegia(热射病),themostsevereformofheatstroke

,andsomeevendiedofthisdisease.Inawarmingworld,thehazardsofheatwavesareincreasing.Accordingtoastudy,thenumbero

fdeathscausedbyheatwavesinChinahasincreasedrapidlysince1979,from3,679personsperyearinthe1980sto15,500personsperyearinthe2010s.Hightemperatur

eswouldacceleratethelossinsoilmoisture(水分)andhurtthegrowthofcorn,cotton,treesandfruits.What’smore,eachadditionaldegreeofwarmingwillincreasecropl

ossestoinsectsby10-25percent,threateningfoodsecurityforbillionsofpeople.Chinahaswitnessedarangeofextremeweatherevents,includingheavyrainfall,flood

ing,tornadoesandrecordheatwavesthisyear.Meteorologicalofficialssaidthecountryhadanaveragetemperatureof2

1.3degreesCelsiusinJune,0.9degreesCelsiushigherthanthesameperiodonaverage,andthehighestrecordforthesameperiodsince1961.Expertssayt

hatwhileextremesummerheatisnotentirelynew,thesesortsofoccurrencescouldbesomethingthatbecomesastandardpartoflif

e,requiringpeopletostartlearninghowtocopewithheatwavesthatmaycontinuefortherestofsummerandwellintothefuture.Remembert

hatevenhealthy,youngathletescanbeharmedbyextremeheat,soeveryactivity,indoorsoroutdoors,shouldbeevaluatedwhenextremehe

athits.Therearesomewaystostaysafeduringextremeheatevents,suchasdrinkingplentyofwater,lookingforshadeorremainingi

nshadewhenoutside,andavoidingcookinglargemealsthatcanaddheattoyourindoorenvironment.8.WhydoesthewritermentionthefourprovincesinChina?A.Toin

troducethetopic.B.Toshowtherisinggrowthofpopulation.C.Toidentifytheimpactoftheworstheatwave.D.Tooffertheaccuratedatafo

rthethermoplegia.9.Whatdostheunderlinedword“hazards”inparagraphsprobablymean?A.Panics.B.Dangers.C.Outcomes.D.Ex

penses.10.Whatcanweinferfromparagraph3?A.Ruralareassuffermorefromheatwavesthancities.B.Chinahaswitnessed

theworstclimateeverin2022.C.Climatechangeresultsinthedeclineininsectspecies.D.Hightemperatureshavenegativ

eeffectsonagriculture.11.Whatdoesthewriterwanttoconveyinthelastparagraph?A.Waystodealwithextremeheat.B.Thetendencyofheatwa

vesinthefuture.C.Effectsofglobalwarmingontheenvironment.D.Thesignificanceofkeepinghealthyinsummer.【1

7】江苏省泰州中学2022-2023学年高三上学期第一次月检Manyexceptionalhumanskills,suchasreadingandmasteringamusicalinstrument,requirethousandsofhou

rsofpracticeandconsistentcognitiveeffort.Popularscientifictheoriesholdthatcognitiveeffortisexperiencedasunpleasantandpe

opletrytoavoiditwheneverpossible.However,therearemanysituationsineverydaylifeinwhichpeopleseemtoexertthemselves(努力)voluntarily,eveni

fthereisnoobviousexternalreward.Forexample,manypeopleenjoysolvingSudokupuzzles,studentsareoftenmotivatedbychallenging

intellectualtasks,andamateurpianistscanspendhoursstrivingforperfectionwithoutanyexternalreward.Itisbasedonthesefactsthatresear

chersfromtheUniversityofViennaandtheTechnischeUniversitatDresdencriticallyquestionedwhethercognitiveeffortisalwaysaversiv

e(令人嫌恶的)andsoughttoaddressthisquestioninacurrentprojectoftheCollaborativeResearchCenter(SFB)940.Inthefirstexperimentwith121parti

cipants,theresearchersusedcardiovascularmeasurements(activityoftheheart)todeterminehowhardpeopleexertedthemselvesincognitivetaskso

fvaryingdifficultylevels.Inonegroup,rewardwasdirectlydeterminedbyeffort:ifapersonexertedmoreeffortondifficultlevelsofthetask,they

receivedahigherrewardthanoneasierlevelsinwhichtheyexertedlittleeffort.Inthecontrolgroup,therewardwasrandomlyassignedandwa

sindependentofhowmucheffortsomeoneinvested.Thetotalrewardonofferwaskeptconstantbetweengroups,withonl

ythecontingency(可能性)betweeneffortandrewardbeingmanipulated.Subsequently,allsubjectsworkedonmathtaskswheretheycouldchoose

thedifficultylevelofthetaskstheywantedtoworkon.“Subjectswhohadpreviouslybeenrewardedforeffortsubsequentlychosemoredifficulttasksthansub

jectsinthecontrolgroup,eventhoughtheywereawarethattheywouldnolongerreceiveanexternalreward,”explainsProf.VeronikaJo

bfromtheFacultyofPsychologyattheUniversityofVienna.“Theresultsshowedtheassumptionthatpeoplewanttotakethepathofleastresistancemaynotbe

aninherent(固有的)characteristicofhumanmotivation.Thetendencytoavoidchallengingtaskscouldratherbetheresultofindividuallearninghi

storiesthatdifferdependingontherewardpattern:wasitmainlyperformanceoreffortthatwasrewarded?”concludesThomasGoschke,ProfessorofGeneralPsychologya

tTUDresdenandspokespersonofSFB940.8.WiththeexamplesinParagraph2,theauthoraimsto________A.challengesomescie

ntifictheoriesB.encouragepeopletomakegreateffortsC.inspiresomeresearchonpeople’seffortsD.explainthemoti

vationbehindpeople’sefforts9.Whatdidtheresearcherswanttofindoutbymeasuringtheparticipants’heartactivity?A.Theirwillingnesstoperformthet

ask.B.Theimpactoftasksontheparticipants.C.Theefforttheyputinthecognitivetask.D.Theirreactiontodifficultcognitiv

etasks.10.Whatcanwelearnaboutthesubjectswhowererewardedforeffort?A.Theyweremotivatedtochallengethemselves.B.Theyalwaysex

pectedtoreceiveabiggerreward.C.Theyturnedouttobeclevererthanthecontrolgroup.D.Theywereabletofigureoutbetterwaystosolvep

roblems.11.Whatwouldbethebesttitleofthetext?A.WorkhardtoimproveyourselfB.LearntoenjoycognitiveeffortC.IttakestimeforyourefforttopayoffD

.Itisworthwhiletoperformdifficulttasks【18】江苏省泰州中学2022-2023学年高三上学期第一次月检Dailylifehasitssatisfactions.Theperfectreplytoafriend’stext

message.Thefirstafter-workdrink.Butdoanyreallycomparetothejoyofgoingtosleep?Somehowwehavepushedthispleasuretothebackofth

equeue.AthirdofAmericanadultsreportsleepinglessthantherecommendedsevenhours.Forsome,theproblemismodernlife:emails,to-dolistsandscreens.Foro

therpeople,it’sthedemandsofworkorfamily.Thentherearethosewhocan’tsleepwhentheytry.Uptoonein10adultscouldmeetthecriteria(标准)forinsomnia(失眠).Themixofex

perienceshasledustotakesleepingmorescientifically.Acenturyago,weweren’tawarethatthebrain’selectricalactivitychangesduringsleep.Nowthere’s

evidencethatalackofsleepisassociatedwithhigherriskofdepression,cancer,Alzheimer’sandobesity.Researchpublish

edintheEuropeanHeartJournalrecentlyreportsthatheartdiseasewasloweramongpeoplewhowenttosleepbetween10pmand11pm,nomatterhowlongtheysl

ept.Suchresearchisallwellandgood.Butaftertheriseofstepcounters,issleepthenextpartofhumanexperiencethatwillbecomeincreasinglytracked,co

untedandcompared?WesighatLinkedInuserswhoclaimtowakeupat5amandlearnChinese.Butwhatifpeoplearetoocommittedtoagoodsleep?SleepresearcherMatthewWa

lkeroncesaid,“Ihaveanon-negotiableeight-hoursleepopportunitywindow.”Butforme,makingone’ssleepsoinflexiblejuststrikesmeasrathercoldlyindividualist

ic.Stressingourselvesoutaboutalackofsleepcanaggravatetheproblem.InhisbookOvercomingInsomniaandSleepProblems,OxfordprofessorColin

Espiewritesabout“orthosomnia”,wherepeople’sattentionissofocusedonsleepingwellthattheybecometooanxioustodoso.Espiesaysweeachhaveasleeppatternthat

,likeashoesize,wefigureoutthroughtrialanderror.Theresearchonbedtimesbetween10pmand11pmwillcheerthosewh

oleavepartiesearlyandgiveuplate-nightfootballhighlights,butitestablishesnocausallink.Genetically,somehum

ansarelarks(云雀)andsomeareowls.Foranowltotrytofighttheirnaturalschedule,andsleepearlier,itwouldn’tnecessarilyhelp.Oncewewereurgedtos

leepwhenweweredead.Nowtheenlightenedtellustosleeporwewilldie.Idon’treallybelieveanyofthis.Agoodnight’ssleepisag

reatenjoyment.Asfaraspossible,itshouldalsoremainasimpleone.12.WhatdocsParagraph3mainlytellus?A.WepaytoomuchattentiontosleephoursB.Ourancestorsalw

ayssufferedfromalackofsleep.C.OurmentalhealthiscloselyrelatedtoourbrainactivityD.Wenowhaveabetterunderstandingofthebenefitsofslee

p.13.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“aggravate”inParagraph5probablymean?A.Ease.B.Worsen.C.Prevent.D.Address.14.Wh

ichofthefollowingmightColinEspieagreewith?A.Weshouldrespecteveryone’ssleeppattern.B.Anowlshouldtryhardtogoagainsttheirnat

ure.C.Itisnecessarytocomparedifferentsleeppatterns.D.Weshouldchangeoursleeppatternswhennecessary.15.Whatistheauthor’spurp

oseinwritingthetext?A.Toshowtheimportanceofsleep.B.Toanalyzethecauseofinsomnia.C.Topersuadepeopletogotobedearly.D.Tore

ducepeople’sanxietyaboutsleep.【19】江西省名校高中2022-2023学年高三上学期联合测评Musiccanreallyaffectyourwell-being,learning,qualityoflife,andevenhappiness

.Thefactthatmusiccanmakeadifficulttaskmoretolerablemaybewhystudentsoftenchoosetolistentoitwhiledoingtheirhomework.Butisliste

ningtomusicthesmartchoiceforstudentswhowanttoimprovetheirlearning?Anewstudysuggeststhatforsomestudents,listeningtomusicisawises

trategy,butforothers,itisn’t.Theeffectofmusiconcognitive(认知的)functionappearstodependpartlyonyourpers

onality—specifically,onyourneedforexternalstimulation(刺激).Researchersnotonlyassessedlisteners’personalitybutalsochanged

thedifficultyofthetaskandthecomplexityofthemusic.Participantsfirstcompletedapersonalitytestusedtodeterminetheneedforexternalstimula

tion.Then,theyengagedinaneasycognitivetask(searchingfortheletterAinlistsofwords)andamorechallengingone(rememberingwor

dpairs)inorder.Participantsfinishedbothtasksunderoneoftwosoundconditions:(1)nomusic,(2)withmusic.Thedatasugg

estthatforthosewithahighneedofexternalstimulation,onthesimpletaskoffindingA’s,thescoresforthemusicconditionweresignificantlyworsethanthose

forthesilentcondition.Onthecomplextaskoflearningwordpairs,theirperformancewasworsewhenevermusicwasplayed.Fort

hosewithalowneedofexternalstimulation,however,onthesimpletask,suchparticipants’scoresforthemusicconditionweremuchbetterthanthoseforthesilentcond

ition.Onthecomplextaskoflearningwordpairs,theparticipantsshowedasmallbutreliablebenefitwhenlisteningtomusic.Accordingtothestudy,therear

eindividualdifferencesintheimpactofmusiconcognitivefunction.Studentswhoareeasilyboredandwhoseekoutstimulationsh

ouldbecautiousofaddingmusictothemix.Ontheotherhand,studentswithalowneedforstimulationmaybenefitsignifican

tlyfromthepresenceofmusic.Withtherightpersonality,therightmusicandtherighttask,thepresenceofmusicmaysig

nificantlyimprovecognitivefunctioning.Giventhebenefitsofmusic,subscriptiontoSpotifywillberewarding!12.Whatcanwelearnaboutthestudyinparagra

ph2?A.Itonlyinvolvedtheparticipants’responsetomusic.B.Participantscompletedtwotaskswhencomposingsongs.C.Thedifficultyofthetwo

tasksdecreasedintheexperiment.D.Participantsweregroupedbytheirneedforexternalstimulation.13.Whatcanweinferfromtheresultoftheresearc

h?A.Thecomplexityoftasksmightreducethebenefitofmusic.B.Studentsshouldlistentomusicwhenperformingcomplextasks.C.Studentswithlessexternalstimulatio

nperformbadlywithmusic.D.Thepresenceofmusicbenefitsstudentswhoseekforexternalstimulation.14.Whatmighttheunderlinedword“Spotif

y”be?A.Atravelguide.B.Apsychologyjournal.C.Amusicplatform.D.Apersonalitytest.15.Whatcouldbethebesttitleforthearticle?A.Whyismusicessentialinyourstud

y?B.Ismusicbeneficialtoyourpersonality?C.Howcanmusicaffectyourexternalstimulation?D.Doesmusicpromoteyourcogn

itiveperformance?【20】湖北省荆州荆门宜昌三校2022-2023学年高三上学期联考试题Petindustryseemstoresistgravity．Withcontinualgrowthovert

hepast50years，itshowsnosignofslowingdown．Withpeopletreatingtheirpetsmoreandmorelikeafamilymember，thepetindustrycontinuestoseeariseinrelatedp

roductsandservices．ThepetindustryintheUSAreachedamilestonein2020，withtotalsalesof$103．6billion，ahistorichigh，accordingtothe

AmericanPetProductsAssociationStateoftheIndustryReport，comparedtosalesof$48billionin2010．Thatismorethana100%increaseinjustten

yearsinwhatyoumightconsidertobearelativelyboringindustry．Thepetsupplementindustryhasbeengrowingrapidlyaspetownerstreattheircatslikeamemberofthefamily

，almostmirroringhumanbehavior．Payattentiontowhathumantrendsforhealthasitmightcrossovertotheirpets．Andifyouthoughtproductinnovationwaslimitedtohuma

ns，youwouldbewrong．Wearestartingtoseesignificantamountsofinnovationinpetproductresearchanddevelopment．Forexample:petwipes．Petw

ipesareessentiallymoisttowelettes(湿纸巾)usedonpetsaftergoingtothebathroom．Anotherrelativelynewpetproductcateg

oryispettoothpaste．Thesametrendgoesinthehigh-endproductaswell．Ifitwillmaketheirpetshappier，there’sagroupofownerswhowillbuyit．An

dthatincludesrelativelyexpensiveluxuryproducts．Anewbrandofkittylitter(猫砂)changescolorbasedonacat’surinepHlevelsandthecomp

anyclaimsthattheproducthelpscatownersdetectillnessintheircats．Itseemsthatanythinghumansneed，petsneed

．So，perhapsit’snotsurprisingthatpetinsuranceisontherise．Theglobalpetinsurancemarketsizewasestimatedat$3．8billionin2019andisex

pectedtoreach$4．4billionin2020accordingtoGrandViewResearch．EvenLemonade，theAI-poweredinsurerrecentlylauncheditsownpetinsurancec

overage．32．Whatmakespetindustrycontinuetodevelop？A．ItsresistancetogravityB．People’sgrowthofloveforpetsC．ThesupportofsomeorganizationsD．Thef

ashionableproductsandservices33．Inwhatwayisthegrowthofpetindustryreflected？A．ThediversityofpetsB．Thefamilymembe

rs’behaviorC．TheamountofmoneyspentonitD．Human’sneedsfortheirownlife34．Accordingtothepassage，whatarethetrendsofpetin

dustrymainlyabout？A．Pets’healthandwellbeingB．Pets’appearanceandbeautyC．Pets’trainingandbehaviorD．Pets’rescueandpro

tection35．Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitle？A．Whatistheinfluenceofpetindustry？B．Whydopetownerstreatp

etskindly？C．Doesapetbelongtofamilymembers？D．Howdoespetindustrycontinuegrowing？【21】广东省深圳市重点高中2023届高三上学期第二次月考Wearetheproductsof

evolution,andnotjustevolutionthatoccurredbillionsofyearsago.Asscientistslookdeeperintoourgenes（基因）,theya

refindingexamplesofhumanevolutioninjustthepastfewthousandyears.PeopleinEthiopianhighlandshaveadaptedtolivingathighaltitudes.Cattle-

raisingpeopleinEastAfricaandnorthernEuropehavegainedamutation（突变）thathelpsthemdigestmilkasadults.OnThursdayinanarticlepubl

ishedinCell,ateamofresearchersreportedanewkindofadaptation—nottoairortofood,buttotheocean.Agroupofsea-dwellingpeopleinSoutheastAsiahaveevol

vedintobetterdivers.TheBajau,asthesepeopleareknown,numberinthehundredsofthousandsinIndonesia,MalaysiaandthePhilipp

ines.Theyhavetraditionallylivedonhouseboats;inrecenttimes,they’vealsobuilthousesonstilts（支柱）incoastalwaters.“Theyaresimplyastrangertotheland,”said

RodneyC.Jubilado,aUniversityofHawaiiresearcherwhostudiestheBajau.Dr.JubiladofirstmettheBajauwhilegrowinguponSamalIslandinthePhil

ippines.Theymadealivingasdivers,spearfishingorharvestingshellfish.“Weweresoamazedthattheycouldstayunderwatermuchlongerthanuslocal

islanders,”Dr.Jubiladosaid,“Icouldseethemactuallywalkingunderthesea.”In2015,MelissaIlardo,thenagraduat

estudentingeneticsattheUniversityofCopenhagen,heardabouttheBajau.Shewonderedifcenturiesofdivingcouldhaveledtotheevolutionofphysicalcharacteristics

thatmadethetaskeasierforthem.“Itseemedliketheperfectchancefornaturalselectiontoactonapopulation,”saidDr.Ilardo.Sh

ealsosaidtherewerelikelyanumberofothergenesthathelptheBajaudive.22.Whatdoestheauthorwanttotellusbytheexamplesinparagraph1?A

.Environmentaladaptationofcattleraisers.B.Newknowledgeofhumanevolution.C.Recentfindingsofhumanorigin.D.Signi

ficanceoffoodselection.23.WheredotheBajaubuildtheirhouses?A.Invalleys.B.Nearrivers.C.Onthebeach.D.Offthecoast.24.WhywastheyoungJubiladoastonishedat

theBajau?A.Theycouldwalkonstiltsallday.B.Theyhadasuperbwayoffishing.C.Theycouldstaylongunderwater.D.Theylivedo

nbothlandandwater.25.Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A.BodiesRemodeledforaLifeatSeaB.Highlanders’SurvivalSkillsC.BasicMethodsof

GeneticResearchD.TheWorld’sBestDivers【22】江苏省南京市2023届高三上学期10月学情调查考试Withnospecialequipment,nofencesandnowa

tering,twoabandonedagriculturalfieldsintheUKhavebeenrewilded(重新野化),inlargepartduetotheeffortsofjays,whichactuall

y“engineered”thesenewwoodlands.Researchersnowhopethatrewildingprojectscantakeamorenaturalandhands-offapproachandthatjayscanshedso

meoftheirbadreputations.Thetwofields,whichresearchershavecalledtheNewWildernessandtheOldWilderness,hadbeenabandonedin1996an

d1961respectively.Theformerwasabarefield,whilethelatterwasgrassland—bothlaynexttoancientwoodlands.Researchershadsuspected

thatthefieldswouldgraduallyreturntowilderness,butitwasimpressivetoseejusthowquicklythishappened,andhowmuchofitwasowedtobird

s.Usingaerialdata,theresearchersmonitoredthetwosites.Afterjust24years,theNewWildernesshadgrownintoayoung,healthywoodwith132livetreesper

hectare,overhalfofwhich(57%)wereoaks.Meanwhile,theOldWildernessresembledamaturewoodlandafter39years,with390tr

eesperhectare.“Thisnativewoodlandrestorationwasapproachingthestructure(butnotthespeciescomposition)oflong-e

stablishedwoodlandswithinsixdecades,”theresearchersexplainedinthestudy.Partofthisreforestationwasdonebythewind,andres

earcherssuspectthatpreviousgrounddisturbancemayhaveaidedthewoodlandestablishment—whichisgoodnews,asitwouldsuggestthatagriculturalareasmayberefore

stedfasterthananticipated.However,animals—Eurasianjays,thrushes,woodmice,andsquirrels—alsoplayedanimporta

ntroleinhelpingtheforeststakeshape.Thishandfulofspeciesprovidedmuchofthenaturalregenerationneededfortheforesttodevelop.Jays,inparticular,seemtohav

edonealotofheavylifting.32.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“shed”inParagraph1referto？A.Beopposedto.B.Beashamedof.C.Getusedto.D.Getridof.33.Whichasp

ectofthechangesinthetwofieldsimpressedtheresearchers?A.Thescaleofthewoodlands.B.Thediversityofthefields.C.Therateofthechanges.D.Thefre

quencyofthewilderness.34.WhatdoestheauthorwanttotellusbyprovidingsomedatainParagragh3?A.Thewoodlandrestorationwasapproachingthestruct

ureoflong-establishedones.B.Muchofthewildernessofthefieldswasowedtobirds.C.Previousgrounddisturbanceaidedthewoodlandestablishment.D.H

owquicklythefieldsreturnedtowildernessovertime.35.Whatdoesthelastparagraphmainlytalkabout?A.Theessentialroleofhumansinthereforestation.B.Th

efactorsthatcontributetothereforestation.C.Theimportanceofwoodlandestablishment.D.Thethreatsfacedbyahandfulofwildanimals.【23】湖北省襄

阳市重点高中2022-2023学年高三上学期第二次月考AnewstudyfocusedonbirdsexamineshowthemovementsofriversintheAmazonhavecontributedtothatarea'sexceptionalbiologicaldiversi

ty.Theresearchteam,ledbytheAmericanMuseumofNaturalHistory,foundthatassmallriversystemschangeovertime,theyspurtheevolutionofnewspecies.Thefindingsals

orevealpreviouslyunknownbirdspeciesintheAmazonthatareonlyfoundinsmallareasnexttothesedynamicriversystems,puttingthemathighriskofextinction.Thelowlan

drainforestsoftheAmazonRiverbasinharbor(藏匿)morediversitythananyotherecosystemontheplanet.Itisalsoagloballyimportantbiom

e(生物群落)containingabout18percentofalltreesonEarthandcarryingmorefreshwaterthanthenextsevenlargestriverbasinscombined.Researchershavelongwonde

redandhotlydebatedhowtheAmazon'srichbiodiversityaroseandaccumulated.“EarlyevolutionarybiologistslikeAlfredRu

sselWallacenoticedthatmanyspeciesofprimatesandbirdsdifferacrossoppositeriverbanksintheAmazon,”saidthestudy'sleadauthorLukasMu

sher.“Moreover,accumulatinggeologicalevidencehassuggestedthattheseriversarehighlydynamic,movingaroundtheSouthAmerica

nlandscapeoverrelativelyshorttimeperiods,ontheorderofthousandsortensofthousandsofyears.”Toinvestigatehowthemovement

ofriversacrossthelandscapehasinfluencedtheaccumulationofbirdspeciesintheAmazon,theresearcherssequencedthegenomes(基因组)ofsixspec

iesofAmazonianbirds.Becausetheseriversmovearoundthelandscapeatdifferenttimescales,theirmovementscanhavevaryingoutcomesforbirdspecies:whenriverr

earrangementsoccurquickly,populationsofbirdsoneachsidecancombinebeforethey'vehadtimetodiffer;whenriverchangeshappenslowly,s

pecieshavealongertimetodivergefromoneanother.28.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“spur”inParagraph1mean?A.Stimulate.B.Renew.C.Pursu

e.D.Interrupt.29.Whathaveresearchersdebatedon?A.WhattheAmazon'sbiodiversityindicates.B.HowtheAmazon'sbiodiversitywasformed.C.WhethertheA

mazonhastherichestbiodiversity.D.WhyAmazonbirdspeciesareatriskofdistinction.30.WhatcanweconcludefromLukasMusher'swords?A.Thereare

sixspeciesofAmericanbirds.B.RiversmoveveryslowlyinSouthAmerica.C.MostspeciesdifferacrossoppositeAmazonriverbanks.D.RivermovementmayleadtotheAm

azon'sbiodiversity.31.WhathasinfluencedthechangeofbirdspeciesintheAmazon?A.Thelocationofrivermovement.B.Thepopulationsofbirds.C.Thespeedofrive

rmovement.D.Theamountofthegenomes.【24】山东省潍坊市五县市2022-2023学年高三10月统考AsanyoneinmainlandBritainwhohaseverattemptedtogrowberriesornutsorindee

dfeedthebirds–willknow,doingsoisequaltoanopeningmoveinagameofchesswithlocalgreysquirrels,agamethesquirrelstendtowin.Greysquirrelsare

alsofondoftheoccasionalbird’seggortheyoungbird,andenjoytearingandeatingthebarkofyoungbroadleaftrees,whichcaneitherkillthetreesorleavethemopentoin

fection.This,apartfromaffectingbiodiversityandlandscape,harmsthewoodindustry.Thelossisnotinsignificant:£37ayearinEnglandandwalks.Greysquirrels,introd

ucedfromNorthAmericain1876,havealmostreplacednativeredsquirrelsbycompetingthemforfoodandhabitat.Theyarelargerandstr

onger,andresistanttosquirrelpoxvirus,whileredsarenot.About3milliongreysquirrelsnowliveintheUK;theInternationalUnionforConservatio

nofNatureliststhegreysquirrelamongthetop100mostharmfulinvasive(入侵的)speciesintheworld.InBritain,mucheffortandinventivenesshasbeenmadeinstopping

greysquirrelprogress,fromtrappingandshootingthem,toreleasingpinemartensintotheirhabitats.Thelatestmove,aworkabl

esystemforwhichwasthoughttobeadecadeaway,isforbiddingthebreeding(繁殖)ofgreysquirrels.However,legalchallengebroughtsomanydelaysthatt

heinvasivegreysquirrelpopulationexpandedtoanunmanageablelevelandwipingoutwereabandoned.ThemainissueinBritainwasthoughttobemoretechnologica

lthanlegaldesigningadrugthattargetsonlygreysquirrelstopreventtheirbreeding.AnotherpossibilityintheyearsaheadistouseDNAeditingtoen

suregreyfemalearebornunabletogivebirth.Greysquirrelshavenowbeenherefornearly150years.TheydoactivelythreatenanotherspeciesinBritain.Thereisastrong

argumentthatecosystemschange.Infact,thatistheiressentialnature,anditisunrealistictostopit.Theattractiono

fcontrollingthebreedingmethodsofgreysquirrelsisthattheyarelessinhumane,andaimforbalanceratherthanuprooting.2

8.Whatdoestheauthorfocusoninparagraph1?A.Theharmfromgreysquirrels.B.Theeatinghabitsofgreysquirrels.C.Theeffectofgreysquirrelsonindustry.D.T

hegamebetweentheBritishandgreysquirrels.29.Whatledtothevictoryofgreysquirrelsoverreds?A.Theirhugenumber.B.Theiruniqueorigins.C.Theirbreedingabil

ity.D.Theirphysicalqualities.30.WhatisthemaindifficultyinremovinggreysquirrelsinBritain?A.Lesslabour.B.Shortageofmoney.C

.Imperfectlaw.D.Lackoftechnology.31.Whatistheauthor’sattitudetoforbiddingthebreedingofgreysquirrels?A.

Unclear.B.Objective.C.Favorable.D.Doubtful.