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2023届高三英语名校新题快递--10月月考专辑专题03阅读理解之说明文原卷版【01】2023届广东省六校高三上学期第二次联考【02】安徽省皖豫名校联盟2022-2023学年高三上学期第一次联考【03】广东省广州市第五中学2022-20

23学年高三上学期10月月【04】浙江省强基联盟2022-2023学年高三上学期10月联考【05】湖南省长沙市长郡中学2022-2023学高三上学期月考卷（二）【06】河南省实验中学2022-2023学年高三上学期第二次

月考【07】湖南省长沙市长郡中学2022-2023学高三上学期月考卷（二）【08】浙江省C8名校协作体2022-2023学年高三上学期第一次联考【09】甘肃省张掖市2022-2023学年高三上学期第一次诊断考试【10】浙江省C8名校

协作体2022-2023学年高三上学期第一次联考【11】江苏省南京师范大学附属中学2022-2023学年高三上学期第一次月考【12】江苏省苏州市2022〜2023学年高三上学期八校联考【13】2023届广东省六校高三上学期第二次联考【14】湖

南省长沙市雅礼中学2022-2023学年高三上学期月考二【15】江苏省泰州中学2022-2023学年高三上学期第一次月检【16】河北省邢台市六校联考2022-2023学年高三上学期第一次月考【17】江苏省泰州中学2022-2023学年高三上学期第一次月检【18

】江苏省泰州中学2022-2023学年高三上学期第一次月检【19】江西省名校高中2022-2023学年高三上学期联合测评【20】湖北省荆州荆门宜昌三校2022-2023学年高三上学期联考试题【21】广东省深圳市重点高中2023届高三上学期第二次月考【22】江苏省南京市2023届高三上

学期10月学情调查考试【23】湖北省襄阳市重点高中2022-2023学年高三上学期第二次月考【24】山东省潍坊市五县市2022-2023学年高三10月统考【01】2023届广东省六校高三上学期第二次联考Theworld’sbiggestelectricvehicle—a45

-tonminingdumptrucknamedtheeDumper—mayhavetogiveupitsthrone.Thenewcomer,poweredwithbothelectricityandare

serveofhydrogenfuel,isgoingtostealthattitleasthelargestelectricminingtruck.London-basedAngloAmericanisdevelopingthebeastofamachine—itweighs290ton

s—aspartofitssustainableminingvision.Theconceptualworkisdone,butU.K-basedWilliamsAdvancedEngineeringwillbringthetrucktolife.Theideaistoreplacet

hevehicle’sdieselengine(柴油机)withahigh-powermodularlithium-ionbattery(锂电池).“Wearedelightedtobeinvolvedinthisinnovativeandexcitingprojectwhi

chshowsthepotentialofbatterytechnologythatcanadapttoincreaseddemands,fromautomotiveandmotorsportto‘heavyduty’industrialapplications,”CraigWils

on,managingdirectorofWilliamsAdvancedEngineering,said.WhiletheeDumper—aminingtruckusedtomovestonesfromthesidesofmountainsinSwitzer

land—reliesentirelyonpureelectricityandpurephysicsforpower,theAngloAmericantruckwillusebothalithium-ionbatteryand

ahydrogenfuelcell(电池)module.Altogether,thenewtruckwillhaveover1,000Kilowatthoursofenergystorage.Hydrogenfuelisaclearfuelthatprodu

cesonlywaterasaby-productwhenconsumedinafuelcell.It’stypicallyproducedfromnaturalgas,nuclearpower,orrenewablewindandsolarpower.Addinghydroge

nfuelcellstothevehicle’sbatterywillallowthetrucktorunforlongerperiodsoftimewithoutrecharging.There’salsoathirdtypeofpowerth

atcomesintoplaywiththeAngloAmericantruck:kinetic(动力的)energycreatedthroughtheprocessofregenerativebraking(再生制动系统).Whenanel

ectricvehicle—beittheAngloAmericantruck,ortheeDumper—rollsdownahill,thatmovementcreateselectricalenergyforthebatteryasyoubr

ake.Theelectricmotorspowerthecarthroughthebattery’sstoredenergy,butcanalsobecomeminigeneratorsthatreturnsomeenergybacktothebatt

ery.AfterAngloAmericanfinishestesttrialswiththetruck,thefirmwillconductstudiestounderstandhowthetruck’spowerunits

canbeusedtoprovideenergystorageinotherapplications.8.Whatcanbeknownabout“theeDumper”?A.Itweighsmoret

han290tons.B.Itispoweredbyhydrogenfuel.C.Itwillnolongerbethelargestelectrictruck.D.Itwilldiscouragebuyersforbeingexpensive.9.Whatcanbeinferredf

romCraigWilson’swords?A.Batterytechnologyisthekeytoupdatingvehicles.B.Batterytechnologyisthebasisofmanufacturingtrucks.C.Thedevelopmentofthelithium

-ionbatteryislimited.D.Thefutureofthelithium-ionbatteryispromising.10.Whatisthebenefitofadoptinghydrogenfuelcells?A.Itcansavealotofmoney.B

.Vehiclesbecomemoreeco-friendly.C.Ithasnoenvironmentalimpactatall.D.Vehiclesnolongerneedtoberecharged.11.Accordingtoparagraph5

,whichofthefollowingcanbeafeatureofregenerativebraking?A.Autonomousbraking.B.Energytransformation.C.Simpleoperation.D.zero-car

bonemission.【02】安徽省皖豫名校联盟2022-2023学年高三上学期第一次联考TheAlps’glaciers(冰川)areontrackfortheirhighestmasslossesinatleast60ye

arsofrecordkeeping,datasharedwithReutersshows.Bylookingatthedifferenceinhowmuchsnowfellinwinter,andhowmuchicemeltsinsummer,scientistscanmeasurehowmuc

haglacierhasshrunkinanygivenyear.Sincelastwinter,whichbroughtrelativelylittlesnowfall,theAlpshavegonethroughtwobigearlysummer

heatwaves—includingoneinJulymarkedbytemperaturesnear30ºCintheSwissmountainvillageofZermatt.Duringthi

sheatwave,theelevation(海拔)atwhichwaterfrozewasmeasuredatarecordhighof5,184meters—atanaltitudehigherthanMontBlanc’s—comparedwiththenormal

summerlevelofbetween3,000-3,500meters.Mostoftheworld’smountainglaciersareshrinkingduetoclimatechange.ButthoseintheEuropeanAlpsareespeciallyvuln

erable(脆弱的)becausetheyaresmallerwithrelativelylittleicecover.Meanwhile,temperaturesintheAlpsarewarmingataround0.3ºCperdecade—aroundtwiceasfastastheg

lobalaverage.Ifgreenhousegasemissionscontinuetorise,theAlps’glaciersareexpectedtolosemorethan80%oftheircurrentmassby2100.Manywilldisa

ppearregardlessofwhateveractionistakennow,thankstoglobalwarmingbakedinbypastemissions,accordingtoa2019reportbytheUNIntergovernmentalPanelonClimat

eChange.Swissresidentsworrythattheglacierlosseswillhurttheireconomy.SomeskiresortsoftheAlps,whichrelyontheseglaciers,nowcoverthemselveswithwhiteshe

etstoreflectsunlightandreducemelting.Swissglaciersfeatureinmanyofthecountry’sfairytales,andtheAletschGlacierisconsideredaUNESCOWor

ldHeritageSite.“Losingtheglaciersmeanslosingournationalheritageandouridentity,”saidhikerBernardinChavaillaz.12.Whathappenedtotheelevation

atwhichwaterfrozeintheAlps?A.Itremainedunchanged.B.Itincreasedsharply.C.Itreachedanewlow.D.Itdroppednoticeably.13.Wh

at’sthemainpurposeofparagraph3?A.ToshowtemperaturesarerisingintheAlps.B.Toproveclimatechangeleadstoheatwaves.C.Toex

plainwhytheAlps’glaciersareindanger.D.TopredictwhatwillhappentotheAlps’glaciers.14.WhatdidBernardinChavaillazexpressinthelast

paragraph?A.Hisadviceonprotectingglaciers.B.Hisconfusioninfindinghisidentity.C.Hisconcernoverthelossofglaciers.D.Hisinterestinimprovingtheeco

nomy.15.Whatwouldbethebesttitleforthetext?A.GlaciersintheAlpsAreDisappearingRapidlyB.ClimateChangeIsPresentingaThreattotheAlpsC.S

ummerHeatwavesHittheAlpsMoreFrequentlyD.MeasuresAreNeededtoProtecttheAlps’Glaciers【03】广东省广州市第五中学2022-2023学年高三上学期10月月Parentingtechniquesmayh

avelonglastingconsequencesforbehavior—evenwhenitcomestodogs.ResearchersattheUniversityofPennsylvaniastudiedtheearlydevelopment,pa

rentingandthefollowingperformanceof98puppieswhounderwentguidedogtraining.Dogswhoreceivedmoreindependen

ceandlesssupportfromtheirmothersweremorelikelytobesuccessfulinbecomingaguidedog.ThestudywaspublishedMondayinthejournalProcee

dingsoftheNationalAcademyofSciences.Mom-pupinteractionswereusedtodefinehowhighlyinvolvedthepuppy’smotherswere.Puppies

raisedwithhighlyinvolvedmothersweremorelikelytobereleased—ordroppedoutfromtheguidedogprogram—comparedtothosewithlessattentive

mothers.“Toomuchofagoodthingcanbeabadthing,”saidleadstudyresearcherEmilyBray.Althoughthestudycouldn’tdefinitelypointtowhatwasdrivingthise

ffect,“onepossibilityisthatthedogsthatarehavingoverbearing(专横的)mothersarenevergiventhechancetodealwithsmallchal

lengesontheirown,andisharmfultotheirlaterbehaviorandoutcomeintheirproblemsolving.Anotherpossibilityisthatthepuppiesforwhomthemothers

arealwaysaroundarealsothemostanxiousorstressed,”sheexplained.“WhatIwashappyaboutwasthatthereisastudybeingdoneaboutearlylifeexperiencesindogs

,”anotherresearcherDoloresHolesaid.“Ifthemomistryingtoprotectherpupsagainstsmallchallenges,thentheywillnotbesuitedforthebigchallenges.”Thest

udyincludedthreebreeds(品种):Germanshepherds,LabradorretrieversandGoldenretrievers.Thepuppieswerefollowedfromthefirstweek

soflifeforseveralyears.Interestingly,Labradorretrieverstendedtowashoutfromtheprogram,whileGoldenretrieverstendedtosucceed.Asforwhetherthefindi

ngscanbeappliedtohumanbabiesofso-called“helicopterparents,”Braywashesitant.“Ithinkpeoplecandrawparallels(相似之处),butIthinkyoualsohavet

obecarefulbecausetheyaredifferentspecies,”shesaid.Sheadded,“Thenicethingaboutdogsisthattheyarealotlesscompl

icatedthanhumans.”8.Whatmakessuccessfulguidedogsaccordingtothestudy?A.Lessattentiveowners.B.Morepracticaltraining.C.

Lesssupportivemothers.D.Moretenseenvironment.9.WhatdoesParagraph4mainlytalkabout?A.Thenecessityofmom-pupinteractions.B.Somecharacteris

ticsofgoodguidedogs.C.Thesignificanceofhighparentalinvolvement.D.Potentialcausesofsomepuppies’poorperformance.10.Wha

tcanweknowaboutLabradorretrieversinthestudy?A.Theychoosetostay.B.Theyfailtobequalified.C.Theyrisetochallenges.D.Theyareeasytonotice.11.Whichca

nbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A.ParentingtechniquescanapplytoguidedogsB.GuidedogsarelesscomplicatedthanhumansC.Resea

rchershelpraisepublicawarenessofblindpeopleD.Astudyisdoneaboutearlylifeexperiencesofhumanbabies【04】浙江省强基联盟2022-2023学年高

三上学期10月联考InJapan,youarewhatyourbloodtypeis.Aperson’sbloodtypeispopularlybelievedtodecidehis/hercharacterandpersonal

ity.Type-Apeoplearegenerallyconsideredsensitiveperfectionistsandgoodteamplayers,butover-anxious.TypeOsarecuriousandgenerousbutstu

bborn.TypeABsareartisticbutmysteriousandunpredictable,andtypeBsarecheerfulbuteccentric,individualistic,andselfi

sh.Thoughlackingscientificevidence,thisbeliefiswidelyseeninbooks,magazines,andtelevisionshows.Lastyear,fourofJapan’stop10b

estsellerswereabouthowbloodtypedeterminespersonality,throughwhichreadersseemedtobeabletodiscoverthede

finitionoftheirbloodtypeorhavetheirself-imageconfirmed.Theblood-typebeliefhasbeenusedinunusualways.ThewomensoftballteamthatwongoldforJapan

attheBeijingOlympicsisreportedtohaveusedblood-typetheoriestocustomizetrainingforeachplayer.Somekindergartenshaveadoptedteaching

methodsalongbloodgrouplines,andevenmajorcompaniesreportedlymakedecisionsaboutassignmentsbasedonanemployee’sbloodtype.In1990,MitsubishiEl

ectronicswasreportedtohaveannouncedtheformationofateamcomposedentirelyofABworkers,thanksto“theirabilitytomakeplans”.Thebeliefevenaffectspo

litics.OneformerprimeministerconsidereditimportantenoughtorevealinhisofficialprofilethathewasatypeA,whilehisoppositionrivalwastypeB.

In2011,aminister,RyuMatsumoto,wasforcedtoresignafteronlyaweekinoffice,whenabad-temperedencounterwithlocaloff

icialswastelevised.Inhisresignationspeech,heblamedhisfailingsonthefactthathewasbloodtypeB.Theblood-typecraze,consideredsimplyharmlessfunby

someJapanese,mayrevealitselfasprejudiceanddiscrimination.Infact,thisseemssocommonthattheJapanesenowhaveate

rmforit:bura-hara,meaningblood-typeharassment(骚扰).Therearereportsofdiscriminationleadingtochildrenbeingbullied,ending

ofhappyrelationships,andlossofjobopportunitiesduetobloodtype.8.What’sthemainideaofparagraph1?A.TheJapanes

eattachgreatimportancetobloodtype.B.ThebooksaboutbloodtypearepopularinJapan.C.TheJapaneseconfirmtheirpersonalitytotallythroughbloodtype

.D.TheJapanesethinkbloodtypebestsellersareimportanttotheirself-image.9.Accordingtothepassage,whichbloodtypecanweinferistheLEASTfavoredinJapan

?A.TypeA.B.TypeB.C.TypeO.D.TypeAB.10.PrimeMinisterRyuMatsumotoresignedfromofficebecause________.A.herevealedhisri

val’sbloodtypeB.hewasseenbehavingrudelyonTVC.heblamedhisfailingsonlocalofficialsD.hewasdiscriminatedagainstbecauseofbloodtype11.W

hatisthespeaker’sattitudetowardtheblood-typebeliefinJapan?A.Negative.B.Defensive.C.Objective.D.Encouragi

ng.【05】湖南省长沙市长郡中学2022-2023学高三上学期月考卷（二）HundredsofnativeNorthAmericanplants,oftendismissedasweeds,deservealotmorerespect,accordingt

oanewstudy.Theseplants,distantcousinsoffoodslikesunflowersandlettuce(莴苣),actuallyrepresentabotanicaltreasurenowfacingincre

asedthreatsfromclimatechangeandhabitatloss.Thecropsthatthehumanracenowdependson,includinggrainslikewheatandtreefruitlikepeaches,originallywereselec

tedorbred(培育)fromplantsthatgrewwildhundredsorthousandsofyearsago.IntheU.S.,therearewildancestorsofblueber

ries,sweetpotatoes,onions,potatoes,andmanyotherfoodcrops.“Someofthemarequitecommon,”saysColinKhoury,aresearchscientistattheInternatio

nalCenterforTropicalAgriculture.“Wildlettuceplantsgrowalongsidewalks,orinbackyards,butgounrecognized.”Othercropre

lativesarerareandthreatened.OneofKhoury’sfavoritesistheparadoxicalsunflower.”ItgrowsjustinwetlandsofthedesertsofNewMexicoandTexas.Littlesalty

areaswherethere’salittlebitofwaterbeneaththesoil,”hesays.Soplantgrowerscrossbreditwithcommercialsunflower

sandcreatednewvarietiesthatcangrowinplaceswherethesoilcontainsmoresalt.Otherwildrelativesmaybehidingsimilarlyremarkablegifts,Khourysa

ys,suchasgenesthatcouldhelptheirdomesticatedrelativessurvivediseases,ordealwithpests.Khouryandsomeofhiscolleaguesjustfinishedasurveyofabout600wi

ldcroprelativesthatgrowinNorthAmerica,andtheyfoundthatmostoftheseplantsarethreatenedbythingslikefires,farmin

ganddevelopment.Thescientistsarguethattheydeservemoreprotection.Foronething,“genebanks”shouldcollectandpreservethem.Ina

ddition,theseplantsneedmoreprotectionintheirnaturalhabitat.AccordingtoKhoury,thatdoesn’tnecessarilymeanset

tingasidelandforthem.Inmanycases,theplantsalreadyaregrowingonpubliclandthat’smanagedbytheU.S.ForestService(USFS)ortheBureauofLa

ndManagement(BLM).“It’smoreaboutjustbeingawarethattheseplantsactuallyexist,”hesays.28.Whatdidthenewstudymainlyfocuson?A.Endangeredplantspecies.B.Wi

ldrelativesoffoodcrops.C.Theimpactsofclimatechange.D.Thethreatsfromplanthabitatloss.29.Whatdoweknowab

outtheparadoxicalsunflower?A.Itneedsmuchwatertogrowwell.B.Itgrowsalongsidewalksorinbackyards.C.Itseemscapableo

fsurvivingvariousdiseases.D.Ithelpscommercialsunflowersadapttosaltysoil.30.Howmightthescientistsfeelabouttheirsurveyresults?A.Relieve

d.B.Concerned.C.Annoyed.D.Critical.31.WhatmightKhourysuggesttheBLMdo?A.JoinhandswiththeUSFS.B.Setasidelandforwildplants.C.Collectgenesofthreatenedc

ropspecies.D.Learnaboutplantsonitsmanagedland.【06】河南省实验中学2022-2023学年高三上学期第二次月考TheWorldHealthOrganizationwarnst

hatmillionsofpeoplearedyingeveryyearfromindoorairpollution.Nearlythreebillionpeopleareunabletousecleanfuelsandtechnologiesforcooking,heatingaswellas

lighting.Thesefindingsshowthattheuseofdeadlyfuelsininefficientstoves,spaceheatersorlightsistoblameformanyofthesedeaths.WHOof

ficialssayindoorpollutionleadstoearlydeathsfromstroke,heartandlungdisease,childhoodpneumoniaandlungcan

cer.Womenandgirlsarethemainvictims.Thesediseasescanoftenresultfromtheburningofsolidfuels.Thesefuelsincludewood,coal,animalwaste,cropwasteandcharcoa

l.TheUnitedNationsfoundthatmorethan95percentofhouseholdsinsub-SaharanAfricadependonsolidfuelsforcooking.Itsays

hugepopulationsinIndia,ChinaandLatinAmericancountries,suchasGuatermalaandPeru,arealsoatrisk.NigelBraceisaprofessorofPublicHealthattheU

niversityofLiverpool.Hesaysresearchersaredevelopinggoodcook-stovesandotherequipmenttoburnfuelsinamoreefficientway.Therearealread

ymultipletechnologiesavailableforuseincleanfuels.Thereisreallyquiteaneffectiveandreasonablylow-costalcoholstovemadebyDometic(aSweden-b

asedcompany)thatisnowbeingtestedout.LPG(LiquefieldPetroleumGas)cookisobviouslywidelyavailableandeffortsareunde

rwaytomakethoseefficient.Anotherinterestingdevelopmentiselectricinductionstoves.WHOexpertsnotethatsomenew,safeandlow-costtechnologiest

hatcouldhelparealreadyavailable.InIndia,youcanbuyaninductionstoveforabout$8.00.AndinAfricayoucanbuyasolarlamp

forlessthan$1.00.Butthis,theagencysays,isjustastart.Itisurgingdevelopingcountriestousecleanerfuelsandin

creaseaccesstocleanerandmoremoderncookingandheatingappliances/devices.12.Whatdoestheindoorpollutionmainlyresult

from?A.Poisonousfuels.B.Hightechnology.C.Spaceheaters.D.Solarenergy.13.HowisParagraph3mainlydeveloped?A.Byshowingdiffere

nces.B.Bydescribingaprocess.C.Bymakingalist.D.Byanalyzingdata.14.Whatcanweinferfromthepassage?A.Indoorpollutionresultsinsomedeaths.B.Mostofthe

deathsareindevelopingcountries.C.Thesolidfuelsareusedinmoreeffectiveways.D.Thereisnoindoorpollutionindevelopedcountries.15.WhichofthefollowingisTRUE

accordingtothepassage?A.LPGcooksarebeingtestedout.B.Alcoholstovesarewidelyusednow.C.Electricinductionstovesareexpensive.D.Sola

rlampsareverycheapinAfrica.【07】湖南省长沙市长郡中学2022-2023学高三上学期月考卷（二）Itisn’tjustthebeautyofvastnaturalwondersliketheGrandC

anyonthatcantakeyourbreathaway.Youcanfindaweineverydaythings.Anewresearch,publishedinthejournalEmoti

on,foundthatolderadultswhotook“awewalks”feltmorepositiveemotionsintheirdailylives.Inthestudy,52olderadultsaged

60to90weredividedrandomlyintotwogroups.Theyweretoldtotakeatleastone15-minutewalkeachweekforeightweeks.Volunteersinthe“awegrou

p”wereinstructedinhowtoinspireaweastheywalked.“Weaskedthemtotrytoseetheworldwithfresheyes—totakeinnewdetailsofaleaforflower,forexample,”Sturms

ays.Forexample,oneparticipantfromtheawegroupwroteabout“thebeautifulfallcolorsandhowtheleaveswerenolongercrunc

hy(嘎吱响)underfootbecauseoftherain”—thewonderthatsmallchildrenfeelastheyembracetheirexpandingworld.Howev

er,peopleintheothergroupwerelessfocusedontheworldaroundthem.Oneparticipantwrote,“IthoughtaboutourvacationinHawai

inextThursday.”Inaddition,participantswereaskedtotakeselfies(自拍)inthebeginning,middle,andendofeachwalk.Researchersfoundthatparticipantswhotookawew

alksshoweda“smallself”,inthattheyfilledlessoftheirphotographswiththeirownimageandmorewiththebackgroundscenery.“Whenwefeelawe

,ourattentionshiftsfromfocusingonourselvestofocusingontheworldaroundus,”Sturmsays.“Aweaffectsoursocia

lrelationshipsbecauseithelpsustofeelmoreconnectedwiththeworld,universe,andotherpeople.”Theirsmilesalsogrewbroaderbyth

eendofthestudy.“Weanalyzedtheintensityoftheirsmilesintheselfies,andparticipantswhotookawewalksdisplayedgreatersmilesove

rtimethanthosewhotookcontrolwalks.Theformerreportedgreaterpositiveemotionsingeneral,includingmorejoyandg

ratitude.”Participantsinthecontrolgrouptookmorefrequentwalksthanthosepeopleintheawegroup,theresearchersdiscovered.Butwalkin

gmoredidn’tresultinpositivechangesinemotionalhealthorinthewaytheirselfiesweretaken.Thissuggeststhattheresultsweremainlyduetoexperie

ncingawe,andnotjustinspendingtimeexercising.32.Whatwereparticipantsinthe“awegroup”requiredtodoinParagraph2?A.Totakeawalkeachweek.B.Tofocusonthe

irinnerworld.C.Tocollectleavesaftertherain.D.Toexplorewithchildlikecuriosity.33.Whatcanweseeinthesel

fiesfromtheawewalks?A.Close-upimageswithwidesmiles.B.Moreattentiononthemselves.C.Simplythebackgrounds

cenery.D.Smallfigureswithbiggersmiles.34.Whatcanweknowfromthelastparagraph?A.Experiencingawecounts.B.Morewalks,morejoy.C.Exercisescanbenefitus.D.A

wecomeswithwalking.35.Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitle?A.AweWalksPromoteYourPhysicalFitnessB.ExperiencingAweDoesWondersforEveryoneC.Aw

eWalksImproveYourPositiveEmotionsD.FrequentWalksContributetoEmotionalHealth【08】浙江省C8名校协作体2022-2023学年高三上学期第一次联

考IliveinthelandofDisney,Hollywoodandyear-roundsun.Youmaythinkpeopleinsuchaglamorous,fun-filledplacearehap

pierthanothers.Ifso,youhavesomemistakenideasaboutthenatureofhappiness.Manyintelligentpeoplestillequatehappinesswithfun.Th

etruthisthatfunandhappinesshavelittleornothingincommon.Funiswhatweexperienceduringanact.Happinessiswhatweexperienceafteran

act.Itisadeeper,moreabidingemotion.Goingtoanamusementparkorballgame,watchingamovieortelevision,arefunactivitiesthathelpusrelax,temporarilyforg

etourproblemsandmaybeevenlaugh.Buttheydonotbringhappiness,becausetheirpositiveeffectsendwhenthefunends.Ihaveoftenthoughtt

hatifHollywoodstarshavearoletoplay,itistoteachusthathappinesshasnothingtodowithfun.Theserich,beautifulindividualshaveconstantaccessto

glamorousparties,fancycars,expensivehomes,everythingthatspells“happiness”.Butinmemoiraftermemoir,celebritiesrevealtheunhappines

shiddenbeneathalltheirfun:depression,alcoholism,drugaddiction,brokenmarriages,troubledchildrenandprofoundloneliness.Askabache

lorwhyheresistsmarriageeventhoughhefindsdatingtobelessandlesssatisfying.Ifhe’shonest,hewilltellyouthatheisafr

aidofmakingacommitment.Forcommitmentisinfactquitepainful.Thesinglelifeisfilledwithfun,adventureandexcitement.Marriagehassuchmom

ents,buttheyarenotitsmostdistinguishingfeatures.Similarly,couplesthatchoosenottohavechildrenaredecidinginfavorofpainlessfunoverpainf

ulhappiness.Theycandineoutwhenevertheywantandsleepaslateastheywant.Coupleswithinfantchildrenareluckytogetawhole

night’ssleeporathree-dayvacation.Idon’tknowanyparentwhowouldchoosethewordfuntodescriberaisingchildre

n.Understandingandacceptingthattruehappinesshasnothingtodowithfunisoneofthemostliberatingrealizationswecanev

ercometo.Itliberatestime:nowwecandevotemorehourstoactivitiesthatcangenuinelyincreaseourhappiness.Itliberatesmoney:buy

ingthatnewcarorthosefancyclothesthatwilldonothingtoincreaseourhappinessnowseemspointless.Anditliberatesusfromenvy:wenowund

erstandthatallthoserichandglamorouspeopleweweresosurearehappybecausetheyarealwayshavingsomuchfunactuallymaynotbeh

appyatall.8.Whichofthefollowingistrue?A.Funcreateslong-lastingsatisfaction.B.Happinessisenduringwhereasfunisshort-lived.C.Fun

providesenjoymentwhilepainleadstohappiness.D.Funthatislong-standingmayleadtohappiness.9.Totheauthor,Hollywoodstarsallhaveanimportantrolet

oplaythatisto________.A.writememoiraftermemoirabouttheirhappinessB.teachpeoplehowtoenjoytheirlivesC.tellt

hepublicthathappinesshasnothingtodowithfunD.bringhappinesstothepublicinsteadofgoingtoglamorousparties10.Havinginfantchil

dren,thecouplescan________.A.gainhappinessfromtheircommitmentB.findfuningettingthemintobedatnightC.findmoreti

metoplayandjokewiththemD.beluckysincetheycanhaveawholenight’ssleep11.Ifonegetsthemeaningofthetruesenseofhappiness,hewill________.A.stopplayinggam

esandjokingwithothersB.keephimselfwithhisfamilyC.giveafreehandtomoneyD.makethebestuseofhistimetoincreasehappiness【09】甘肃省张掖市2022-2023学年高三上学期第一次诊断考试Eld

erlypeoplehaveahigherchanceofsufferingfromillnessessuchasdiabetes,cancer,andheartdisease.Onecommonhealthproblemthataffectsthe

misAlzheimer’sdisease,whichaffectsaperson’smemory,behavior,andthinking.Becauseofmemorylossandbehavioralchanges,peoplew

ithAlzheimer’smayslowlybecomeunabletotakecareofthemselves,eventuallyrequiringconstantcarefromfamilymembersorcaregivers.Thereisnoc

ureforAlzheimer’satthemoment—drugscanonlytreatitssymptoms.Buttechnologycanimprovethelivesofthoselivingwiththeconditionbymakingiteasierfort

hemtogoabouttheirdailyactivities.Forexample,trackingdevicesplacedinwatchesorjewelrycanmonitorwhereapersonis.Automatedre

minderscanalsobestoredinmotionsensorsandplacedaroundthehouse.Whenasensordetectsmovement,itcanplayarecordedvoicemessag

etoremindthepersontolockthedoororturnoffthestove.Alzheimer’sdiseaseisahugechallenge,butwemaybegettingclosetofindingasolution.Inthefuture,it

mightbepossibletotreatAlzheimer’swithoutusingdrugs.AteamofresearchersinAustraliahascreatedaformoftechnologyt

hatcansendsoundwavesintothebrain.ThesesoundwaveshelptoclearwasteinthebrainthatcontributestoAlzheimer’s.Theteamhastestedtheirtechno

logyandfoundthatithelpedtorestorememoryin75percentofmice.Workonthetechnologyisn’tcomplete,but,ifsuccessful,itcouldpreventmemorylossinpeople

withAlzheimer’s.Thisreallydoesfundamentallychangetheunderstandingofhowtotreatthisdiseaseandresearchersfores

eeagreatfutureforthisapproach.12.Alzheimer’sisadiseasethatmainlyaffectsthe____.A.musclesB.bloodC.brainD.heart13.Upton

ow,whichcanhelpAlzheimer’spatientswhogetlosteasily?A.Trackingdevices.B.Automatedreminders.C.Sendingsoundwavesintothebrain.D.Restoringmemo

ry.14.Whichofthefollowingcanreplace“contributesto”inthelastparagraph?A.Helpstocure.B.Helpstocause.C.Helpst

oworsen.D.Helpstoprevent.15.What’sthemainideaofthetext?A.Elderlypeoplewillbegintofacemanychallenges.B.Societyshouldprovideenoughhealt

hcaretoelderlypeople.C.There’saneedtobetterunderstandthecauseofAlzheimer’s.D.Technologymightsolvesomeprob

lemsofpeoplewithAlzheimer’s.【10】浙江省C8名校协作体2022-2023学年高三上学期第一次联考AlbertEinstein’s1915masterpiece“TheFoundationoftheGeneralTheoryof

Relativity”isthefirstandstillthebestintroductiontothesubject,andIrecommenditassuchtostudents.Butitprobablywouldn’tbepublishabl

einascientificjournaltoday.Whynot?Afterall,itwouldpasswithflyingcoloursthetestsofcorrectnessandsignificance.Andwhilepopularbe

liefholdsthatthepaperwasincomprehensibletoitsfirstreaders,infactmanypapersintheoreticalphysicsaremuchmoredifficult.AsthephysicistRichardFeynmanwrot

e,“Therewasatimewhenthenewspaperssaidthatonly12menunderstoodthetheoryofrelativity.Idobelievetheremighthavebeenatimewhenonlyonemandid,becausehewa

stheonlyguywhocaughton,beforehewrotehispaper.Butafterpeoplereadthepaperalotunderstoodthetheoryofrelativityinsomewa

yorother,certainlymorethan12.”No,theproblemisitsstyle.Itstartswithaleisurelyphilosophicaldiscussionofspaceandtimeandthencontinueswithan

expositionofknownmathematics.Thosetwosections,whichwouldbeconsideredextraneoustoday,takeuphalfthepaper.Worse,th

erearezerocitationsofpreviousscientists’work,norarethereanygraphics.Thosefeaturesmightmakeapapernotevengetpastthefirstedit

ors.Asimilarprocessofprofessionalizationhastransformedotherpartsofthescientificlandscape.Requestsforresea

rchtimeatmajorobservatoriesornationallaboratoriesaremorerigidlystructured.Andanythinginvolvingworkwithhum

ansubjects,orputtinginstrumentsinspace,involvespilesofpaperwork.WeseeitalsointheRegeneronScienceTalentSearch,theNobelPrize

ofhighschoolsciencecompetitions.Intheearlydecadesofits78-yearhistory,thewinningprojectswereusuallythesortofcleverbutnaive,amateu

risheffortsonemightexpectoftalentedbeginnersworkingontheirown.Today,polishedworkcomingoutofinternships(实习)atestablishedlaboratoriesistheno

rm.Theseprofessionalizingtendenciesareanaturalconsequenceoftheexplosivegrowthofmodernscience.Standardizationandsystemmakeiteasier

tomanagetherapidflowofpapers,applicationsandpeople.Butthereareseriousdownsides.Alotofunproductiveeffortgoes

intojumpingthroughbureaucratichoops(繁文缛节),andoutsidersfaceentrybarriersateveryturn.Ofcourse,Einsteinwouldhavefoundhiswaytomeetingmodernstandardsan

dpublishinghisresults.Itsscientificcorewouldn’thavechanged,butthepapermightnotbethesametastetoread.12.AccordingtoRichardFe

ynman,Einstein’s1915paper________.A.wasaclassicintheoreticalphysicsB.turnedouttobecomprehensibleC.neededfurtherim

provementD.attractedfewprofessionals13.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“extraneous”inParagraph4mean?A.Unrealistic.B.Irrelevan

t.C.Unattractive.D.Imprecise.14.Accordingtotheauthor,whatisaffectedasmodernsciencedevelops?A.Theapplicationofresearchfindings.B.Theprincipleofscienti

ficresearch.C.Theselectionofyoungtalents.D.Theevaluationoflaboratories.15.Whichwouldbethebesttitleforthispassage?A.Whatmake

sEinsteingreat?B.Willsciencebeprofessionalized?C.CouldEinsteingetpublishedtoday?D.Howwillmodernsciencemakeadvances?【11】江苏省南京师范大学附属中学

2022-2023学年高三上学期第一次月考Modernzoosaimtopromoteanimalconservation,educatepeople,andsupportfurtherwildliferesearch.Staffaredevotedt

oprovidingspeciesspecifichousingandappropriatedietstoensurethattheanimals’livesareasnaturalaspossiblewith

incaptivity(圈养).Infact,mostzooanimalshavebeenbornandbredincaptivity.Theyhaveneverexperienced“thewild”,whichmanypeopleassumeisawonderfulandsafepla

ce,despitedestructionofnaturalhabitsforpalmoilthreatsfromclimatechangeortheincreaseinpoaching.Therearetwowayscapturinganimalshelpsconservethem

.Zooconservationworkcanbein-situ(在原处)wheremoney:expertiseandsometimesstaffareprovidedtoprotectanimalsandtheirhabitatsinthewild.Large,

charminganimalssuchaspandas,tigersorelephantsdrawthecrowds.Theseflagshipspecieshelptoraisetheimageandfundsforin-

situconservationeffortsforthenotsowellknownspecies“Ex-situ”conservation,meanwhile,takesplaceoutsideoftheanimals’naturalhabitats

,usuallybackatthezooandofteninvolvinginternationalcaptivebreedingprograms.Thesestudbooks(良种登记册)canoutlinesuitablege

neticmatchesforbreeding,tokeepasustainablecaptivepopulationofacertainspeciesandensuregeneticvariation.Inthe

UKaleast,zoosmusthaveawritteneducationstrategyandanactiveeducationprogramme.Ifyouhavebeentoanaccredited(官方认可的)zoorecentlyyouwillhav

enoticedtheyusegamesandtechnologytogowaybeyondthesebasicrequirements.Researchwithinzoosoftenlooksatanimalbehaviourorwel

farehelpingtoensuretheanimalsarewellhousedandfed.Otherresearchinvestigatestheimpacthumanshaveonthezooanimalsfromthevisitoreffecttother

elationshipswhichcanbeformedbetweentheanimalsandtheirkeepers.Researchalsofocusesonbiologicalfunctioningofanimals.Muchofthisisworkt

hatcannotbeconductedinthewildiftheanimalsliveinremoteorinhospitableareas.Overall,zoosprovideopportunitiestoobserveand

engagewithexotic(外国的)animals,manyofwhichmaybethreatenedwithextinctioninthewild.Seeingthemupclosecancauseapassionforbiology,c

onservationandtheenvironment.12.Whatdopeoplethinkof“thewild”?A.Itposesadangertohumans.B.ItisperfectforlargeanimalsC.Itisanideal

habitatforanimals.D.Itguaranteesthesafetyofanimals.13.Whathighlights“ex-situ”conservation?A.Savingtheconservationcost.B.Attracting

morevisitorstozoos.C.Keepingaspecies’populationstable.D.Changingthegenesofacertainspecies.14.WhatisParagraph6mainlyabout?A.Howzookeepersge

talongwithanimals.B.Howzooscancontributetoresearchwork.C.Whatresearchersareexpectedtodoinzoos.D.Whyitisdifficulttocarryoutresearchinthewild.15.

Whatistheauthor’spurposeinwringthetext?A.Toshowzooswaystoraiseanimals.B.Tostressmodernzoosresearchvalue.C.Todefendzoosroleinprotectinganimals.D.T

oadvisezoostoreleaseanimalsintothewild.【12】江苏省苏州市2022〜2023学年高三上学期八校联考Astheeffectsofclimatechangebecomemoredisastrous,well-knownresearch

institutionsandgovernmentagenciesarefocusingnewmoneyandattentiononanidea:artificiallycoolingtheplanet,inthehopesofbuyinghumanitymoretimetocutgr

eenhousegasemissions.Thatstrategy,calledsolarclimateintervention(干预)orsolargeoengineering,involvesreflectingmoreofthesun’sene

rgybackintospace—abruptlyreducingglobaltemperaturesinawaythatimitatestheeffectsofashcloudsflowingoutfromthevolcaniceruptions.Theideahasbeenconside

redasadangerousandfanciedsolution,onethatwouldencouragepeopletokeepburningfossilfuelswhileexposingtheplanettoun

expectedandpotentiallythreateningsideeffects,producingmoredestructivehurricanes,wildfiresfloodsandotherdisaste

rs.But.asglobalwarmingcontinues,producingmoredestructivehurricanes,wildfiresfloodsandotherdisasters,someresearchersandpolicyexpertssaythatc

oncernsaboutgeoengineeringshouldbeoutweighedbytheimperativetobetterunderstandit,incasetheconsequenceofclimatechangebecomesoterrib

lethattheworldcan’twaitforbettersolutions.Onewaytocooltheearthisbyinjectingaerosols(气溶胶)intotheupperlay

eroftheatmosphere.wherethoseparticlesreflectsunlightawayfromtheearth.Thatprocessworks,accordingtoDouglasMacMartin

,aresearcheratCornellUniversity.“Weknowwith100%certaintythatwecancooltheplanet,”hesaidinaninterview.What’sstillunclear,headded,iswhathappensnext

.Temperature,MacMartinsaid,isanindicatorforalotofclimateeffects.“Whatdoesitdotothestrengthofhurricanes?”heask

ed,“Whatdoesitdotoagricultureproduction?Whatdoesitdototheriskofforestfires?”AnotherinstitutionfundedbytheNationalScienceFoundationwillana

lyzehundredsofsimulationsofaerosolinjection,testingtheeffectsonweatherextremesaroundtheworld.Onegoaloftheresearchistolookforasweetspot

:theamountofartificialcoolingthatcanreduceextremeweathereventswithoutcausingbroaderchangesinregionalrainfallpatternsorsimilarimpacts

.12.Whydoresearchersandgovernmentagenciesworkoncoolingtheearth?A.Topreventnaturaldisasters.B.Towinmo

retimetoreducegasemissions.C.Toimitatevolcaniceruptions.D.Toencouragemorepeopletoburfossilfuels.13.Whatar

eresearchersworriedaboutintermsofglobalwarming?A.Morevolcanoeswillthrowout.B.Moresolarenergywillgointospace.C.Moredisasterswillendangerthefutureoft

heworld.D.Peoplewillkeepburningfossilfuelstokeepwarm.14.WhatcanbeinferredfromDouglas’wordsinaninterview?A.Hethinksmoreresearchremainstobedone.B.H

eisoptimisticabouttheeffectofcoolingtheearth.C.Heisconcernedaboutthereductioninagricultureproduction.D.Hedisapprovesofthepra

cticeofsolarclimateintervention.15.Whatdoestheunderlinedwords“sweetspot”inthelastparagraphmean?A.Therainfallpatternofaregion.B

.Themodestdropintemperature.C.Thenumberofextremeweatherevents.D.Theinjectionamountofaerosol.【13】2023届广东省六校高三上学期第二次联考Dreams,accordingtoCarlJung,reve

alacertainamountofrealityhiddenduringwakingconsciousness.InJungianphilosophy,theconflictandchaosexperiencedindre

amsfinallybringordertoourlives.WhileJung’smysticaltheoriesaredebatable,hewasnotmistakenabouttheimportanceofdreaming.Agrowingnumberofrep

ortsshowthatacontinuouslackofdreamingisdamagingourwakinghoursinmanyways.Thistrendiscausingdamagetoourimmuneandmetabolic(新

陈代谢的)systems,letalonetheelectronicproductsthatkeepusuplateatnightareruiningoursleeppatterns,whichhaslong-termconsequencesonourmemorysystem.Onestu

dyshowedthatnotallowingmicetohaveadequateamountsofREM(RapidEyeMovement)sleep,thestageinwhichwedream,t

hemicecouldn’tstrengthenmemories.Youmightthinkthisisjustasleepproblem,butdreamingisinseparablefromournighttimerest.Wesleep

incycles(周期),eachlastingabout90minutes;inasleepcycle,wegothroughnon-REMsleepbeforehittingREM.Asthenightprogresses,REMsleepperiodsincreaseinlengthwh

iledeepsleep(oneofthestagesofnon-REMsleep)decreases.Thelongerwesleep,themoretimewespendinREM,whichiswhy

weareoftendreamingwhenwakingupinthemorning.Ifwesleeplessthansevenhours,however,itbecomeshardertoachievethislevelofREM.Thecombinationofsleepin

ganddreamingactsasanemotionalstabilizer.Werecoverfromemotionalhurtfasterwhenwesleepanddreamproperly.However,we’reno

tgettingenoughsleeptocyclethroughthestagestotakeadvantageofthisnaturalcircadiananti-depressant(抗抑郁剂)—

dreams.Instead,wegetdepressedandturntoalcoholormedicinestogettosleep,whichonlymakesthingsworsebecaus

eevenonedrinkleadstolateREMwhileanti-depressantspromotedeepsleepattheexpenseofREM.We’repayingforthislackofdream

inginmanyways.Forexample,a2021studystatedthatcomparedwithquietrestandnon-REMsleep,REMpromotedtheformation

ofassociativenetworksandtheintegration(整合)ofunassociatedinformation.VolunteersthatexperiencedmoreREMsleepwerebetterequippedforsolvingproblemsre

quiringcreativesolutions.RowanHooper,themanagingeditoratNewScientist,writesthatdreamsthatincludean“emotionalcore”appeartobeamainfunct

ionofREMsleepandthatweshouldlookatsleeppatternsasseriouslyaswedodietandexercisehabits.12.What’sCarlJung’sv

iewaboutdreams?A.Theycausechaos.B.Theydamageimmunity.C.Theyrevealsecrets.D.Theymirrorreality.13.Whyisthes

leepprocessexplainedinparagraph3?A.ToshowadreammainlyoccursduringREMsleep.B.Toprovetheminimumsleepti

meshouldbesevenhours.C.Toprovedreamproblemsandsleepproblemsareattached.D.Toshowpeopleoftendreamwhenwakingupinthemorn

ing.14.Whatconclusioncanbeinferredfromparagraph5?A.Dreamingpromotescreativity.B.Dreaminghelpsfightdepression.C

.ThebrainstillreceivesnewinformationduringREMsleep.D.Thebrainispayingthepriceforhavingmorenon-REMsleep.15.What’sthemainideaofthepassage?A.T

heimportanceofsleepliesindreams.B.Theabsenceofdreamsisterribleforus.C.Dreamingpatternsaremoreimportantthanwerealiz

e.D.Dreaminghasmysticalpowerofstrengtheningmemories.【14】湖南省长沙市雅礼中学2022-2023学年高三上学期月考二Thedeep-seaoilandgasindustryhasvastandcostlyfacilitiesto

maintain.Wells,otherequipment,andthousandsofkilometersofpipelinesmustbeinspectedandrepaired.Now,cutting-edge

underwaterdrones(无人机)androbotsarebeingdevelopedthatcouldmaketheworksaferandcheaper.AmongthemisEelume,asix-

meter-long,snake-likerobotequippedwithsensorsandacameraateachend.Itcanbekeptatastationatdepthsofuptohalfakilometerforsixmonths,withoutbeingbroug

htbacktothesurface.Therobotcantravelupto20kilometersbeforeneedingtoreturntoitsstationtorecharge.Maintenanceworkatmanydeep-w

aterwellsandpipelinesystemsisalreadycarriedoutbyunmannedvehicles.Butthesevehiclestypicallyneedtobetrans

portedtotheoffshoresiteonafullycrewedshipandthenremotelyoperatedfromonboardthesurfaceship.Thatcancostupto$100,000perday,acc

ordingtoPålLiljebäck,chieftechnologyofficerwithEelumeSubseaIntervention,whichdevelopedtherobot.Liljebäcksaysthatby“enablingth

erobottobecomeasubsearesidentlivingatastation,itcanbemobilizedatanytimetodoinspections,therebyreducingtheneedforcostlysurfaceships”.Ee

lumecanworkautonomouslyontasksassignedfromacontrolroomonshore,andsendbackvideoanddata.Itssnake-likedesignal

lowsittoworkinsmallspacesandwriggle(扭动)itsbodytostayinplaceinstrongcurrents.Bystayingunderthesea,itcancarryouttaskswhatevertheconditionson

thesurfaceoftheocean.Theglobalunderwaterroboticsmarketisexpectedtobewortharound$7billionin2025,accordingtoanalysts,andothercompanies

areintheprocessofcommercializingnewdeep-seadroneandrobottechnology.EelumeSubseaInterventionwillcarryoutfinaltestingonthesea

bedlaterthisyearattheÅsgardoilandgasfield.Itexpectstoputitsfirstsnakerobotsintousenextyearandhopestohave

upto50inoceansaroundtheworldby2027.12.WhatisonefeatureofEelume?A.Itcantravelnearly40kilometersbeforerech

arging.B.Itcandiveasdeepas500meters.C.Itworksmainlyaroundthestation.D.Itworksfor6monthsononecharge.13.Whatist

heproblemwithunmannedvehicles?A.Theyaretoocostlytomaintain.B.Theyarehardtooperateremotely.C.Theyrequiretranspor

tationtoandfromwork.D.Theyhavetoworkonafullycrewedshipallthetime.14.WhatcanbeexpectedofEelumeinthefuture?A.Itwillrequire

nofurthertests.B.Itwillbewortharound$7billion.C.Itwillbeputonthemarketin2027.D.Itwillfacealotofcompetit

ors.15.Whatisthemainideaofthepassage?A.Asnakerobotisonitswayforunderwatertasks.B.Eelumeisthenewchoiceforconstructingpipelines.C.Maint

enanceworkontheoceanfloorisariskyjob.D.Unmannedvehiclesmarketinghasseenstronggrowth.【15】江苏省泰州中学2022-2023学年高三上学期第一次月检MitsuhiroIwamotoisablin

dpersonwhosailednon-stopacrossthePacificOcean.OneofMr.Iwamoto’sfriendssays,“Hefeelsthewavesandhecansensethespeedandangleofthewin

dstoadjustthesailsproperly.”TheonlythingMr.Iwamotocan’tdoissee.SoheteamedupwithDougSmith.In2013,Mr.Iwamototri

edtosailacrossthePacific.Butafteronlyfivedaysatsea,hisboatwashitbyawhale.Theboatsank,andhespent11hoursfloatingintheseainaliferaftbefor

ehewasrescued.WhenMr.SmithlearnedthestoryofMr.Iwamoto’sdefeatduringhisfirstattemptatcrossingthePacific,ithadabig

effectonhim.Hedecidedtojointhetripnotjusttoprovethattheycoulddoit,butalsotocollectfundsforapublicwelfarefoundationthatboughtmedicalinsurance

forpoorchildren.HegotintouchwithMr.Iwamoto.Thetworealizedthattheywouldmakeagoodteam.Ittookalotofcourage

tomakeasecondattemptafterthefailure.ButMr.Iwamotowasdetermined.Hebegantotrainforthetrip.Heskied,ranhalf-marathonsandmarathons,andt

ookpartintriathlons(raceswithswimming,biking,andrunning).Mr.Smithboughta12-metersailboatfromlocalpeople.Theytookdrinkingwaterandenoughfoodfo

r60days.ThesailboathadsolarpanelstokeeptheGPSandthesatellitephonecharged.OnFebruary24,Mr.IwamotosetoutfromSanDiego,Californiaontheir14,000-kilome

tertrip.Finally,around9a.m.onApril20—aftersailingnon-stopfor55days,thetwoarrivedinIwaka,FukushimaPrefecture,Japan,“Peopleoftensay

thatthephysicalillnesscan’tstopapersonfrommakingadifference,butIhavetowalkthewalktoproveit,”Mr.Iwamotosaid.4.WhatcanbeinferredaboutDo

ugSmith?A.Hespentalotoftimeintheocean.B.Hehadgreatskillsinsailingtheboat.C.Heworkedasaguideduringthetrip.D.Heboughtthein

surancebeforethetrip.5.WhydidDougSmithjointhetrip?A.Tohuntwhales.B.Toraisemoneyforcharity.C.Torescuepe

oplelostintheocean.D.Tobeinsearchoffameandfortune.6.Whatisthethirdparagraphmainlyabout?A.Thepreparationst

heymadeforthetrip.B.Thesupporttheyreceivedfromlocalpeople.C.Theequipmenttheyboughtfortheirtraining.D.Thedifficultytheyencounteredduri

ngthetrip.7.Whatcanwelearnfromthisstory?A.Neverlookdownonunderdogs.B.Actionsspeaklouderthanwords.C.Afriendinneedisafriendindeed.D.Bethechangeyouw

anttoseeintheworld.【16】河北省邢台市六校联考2022-2023学年高三上学期第一次月考Sincethebeginningofthesummerin2022,Chinahasbeenswelteringunder

theworstheatwaveindecades.AnumberofpeopleinZhejiang,Henan,JiangsuandSichuanprovinceswerediagnosedwiththermoplegia(热射病),themostsev

ereformofheatstroke,andsomeevendiedofthisdisease.Inawarmingworld,thehazardsofheatwavesareincreasing.Ac

cordingtoastudy,thenumberofdeathscausedbyheatwavesinChinahasincreasedrapidlysince1979,from3,679personsperyearinthe1980sto15,5

00personsperyearinthe2010s.Hightemperatureswouldacceleratethelossinsoilmoisture(水分)andhurtthegrowthofcorn,cotton,treesandfruits.What’smore,eachad

ditionaldegreeofwarmingwillincreasecroplossestoinsectsby10-25percent,threateningfoodsecurityforbillionsofpeople.Chinahaswitnes

sedarangeofextremeweatherevents,includingheavyrainfall,flooding,tornadoesandrecordheatwavesthisyear.Meteorological

officialssaidthecountryhadanaveragetemperatureof21.3degreesCelsiusinJune,0.9degreesCelsiushigherthanthesameperiodonaverage

,andthehighestrecordforthesameperiodsince1961.Expertssaythatwhileextremesummerheatisnotentirelynew,thesesortsofoccu

rrencescouldbesomethingthatbecomesastandardpartoflife,requiringpeopletostartlearninghowtocopewithheatwaves

thatmaycontinuefortherestofsummerandwellintothefuture.Rememberthatevenhealthy,youngathletescanbeharmedbyextremeheat,soeveryactivity,

indoorsoroutdoors,shouldbeevaluatedwhenextremeheathits.Therearesomewaystostaysafeduringextremeheatevents,suchasdrinkingplen

tyofwater,lookingforshadeorremaininginshadewhenoutside,andavoidingcookinglargemealsthatcanaddheattoyourindoorenvironment.8.W

hydoesthewritermentionthefourprovincesinChina?A.Tointroducethetopic.B.Toshowtherisinggrowthofpopulat

ion.C.Toidentifytheimpactoftheworstheatwave.D.Tooffertheaccuratedataforthethermoplegia.9.Whatdostheunderlinedword“hazards”inparagraphsprobablyme

an?A.Panics.B.Dangers.C.Outcomes.D.Expenses.10.Whatcanweinferfromparagraph3?A.Ruralareassuffermorefromheatwavesthancities.B.Chinaha

switnessedtheworstclimateeverin2022.C.Climatechangeresultsinthedeclineininsectspecies.D.Hightemperatureshavenegativeef

fectsonagriculture.11.Whatdoesthewriterwanttoconveyinthelastparagraph?A.Waystodealwithextremeheat.B.Thetendencyofheatwavesint

hefuture.C.Effectsofglobalwarmingontheenvironment.D.Thesignificanceofkeepinghealthyinsummer.【17】江苏省泰州中学2022-2023学年高三上学期第一次月检Manyexce

ptionalhumanskills,suchasreadingandmasteringamusicalinstrument,requirethousandsofhoursofpracticeandconsistentcognitiveeffort.Populars

cientifictheoriesholdthatcognitiveeffortisexperiencedasunpleasantandpeopletrytoavoiditwheneverpossible.However,therearemanysituationsi

neverydaylifeinwhichpeopleseemtoexertthemselves(努力)voluntarily,evenifthereisnoobviousexternalreward.Forexample,manypeop

leenjoysolvingSudokupuzzles,studentsareoftenmotivatedbychallengingintellectualtasks,andamateurpianistscanspendhoursstrivingforperfectionwithou

tanyexternalreward.ItisbasedonthesefactsthatresearchersfromtheUniversityofViennaandtheTechnischeUniversitatDresdencri

ticallyquestionedwhethercognitiveeffortisalwaysaversive(令人嫌恶的)andsoughttoaddressthisquestioninacurrentprojectoftheCollaborativeResearchCe

nter(SFB)940.Inthefirstexperimentwith121participants,theresearchersusedcardiovascularmeasurements(activityof

theheart)todeterminehowhardpeopleexertedthemselvesincognitivetasksofvaryingdifficultylevels.Inonegroup,rewardwasdirectlydeterminedbyeff

ort:ifapersonexertedmoreeffortondifficultlevelsofthetask,theyreceivedahigherrewardthanoneasierlevelsinwhichtheyexertedlittleeffort.Inthecontrol

group,therewardwasrandomlyassignedandwasindependentofhowmucheffortsomeoneinvested.Thetotalrewardonofferwaskeptconstantbetweeng

roups,withonlythecontingency(可能性)betweeneffortandrewardbeingmanipulated.Subsequently,allsubjectsworkedonmathtaskswheretheycould

choosethedifficultylevelofthetaskstheywantedtoworkon.“Subjectswhohadpreviouslybeenrewardedforeffortsubsequentlychosemoredifficulttasksthansubjectsin

thecontrolgroup,eventhoughtheywereawarethattheywouldnolongerreceiveanexternalreward,”explainsProf.VeronikaJobfromtheFacultyofPsychology

attheUniversityofVienna.“Theresultsshowedtheassumptionthatpeoplewanttotakethepathofleastresistancemaynotbean

inherent(固有的)characteristicofhumanmotivation.Thetendencytoavoidchallengingtaskscouldratherbetheresultofindividuallearninghistoriesthatd

ifferdependingontherewardpattern:wasitmainlyperformanceoreffortthatwasrewarded?”concludesThomasGoschke,P

rofessorofGeneralPsychologyatTUDresdenandspokespersonofSFB940.8.WiththeexamplesinParagraph2,theauthoraimsto________A.challengesomes

cientifictheoriesB.encouragepeopletomakegreateffortsC.inspiresomeresearchonpeople’seffortsD.explainthemotivati

onbehindpeople’sefforts9.Whatdidtheresearcherswanttofindoutbymeasuringtheparticipants’heartactivity?A.The

irwillingnesstoperformthetask.B.Theimpactoftasksontheparticipants.C.Theefforttheyputinthecognitivetask.D.Theirreactiontodi

fficultcognitivetasks.10.Whatcanwelearnaboutthesubjectswhowererewardedforeffort?A.Theyweremotivatedto

challengethemselves.B.Theyalwaysexpectedtoreceiveabiggerreward.C.Theyturnedouttobeclevererthanthecontrolgroup.D.Theywere

abletofigureoutbetterwaystosolveproblems.11.Whatwouldbethebesttitleofthetext?A.WorkhardtoimproveyourselfB.LearntoenjoycognitiveeffortC.

IttakestimeforyourefforttopayoffD.Itisworthwhiletoperformdifficulttasks【18】江苏省泰州中学2022-2023学年高三上学期第一次月检Dai

lylifehasitssatisfactions.Theperfectreplytoafriend’stextmessage.Thefirstafter-workdrink.Butdoanyreallycompare

tothejoyofgoingtosleep?Somehowwehavepushedthispleasuretothebackofthequeue.AthirdofAmericanadultsreportslee

pinglessthantherecommendedsevenhours.Forsome,theproblemismodernlife:emails,to-dolistsandscreens.Forotherpeople,it’sthedemandsofwo

rkorfamily.Thentherearethosewhocan’tsleepwhentheytry.Uptoonein10adultscouldmeetthecriteria(标准)forins

omnia(失眠).Themixofexperienceshasledustotakesleepingmorescientifically.Acenturyago,weweren’tawarethatthebrain’selectrica

lactivitychangesduringsleep.Nowthere’sevidencethatalackofsleepisassociatedwithhigherriskofdepression,cancer,Alzhei

mer’sandobesity.ResearchpublishedintheEuropeanHeartJournalrecentlyreportsthatheartdiseasewasloweramongpeoplewhowenttosleepbetween1

0pmand11pm,nomatterhowlongtheyslept.Suchresearchisallwellandgood.Butaftertheriseofstepcounters,issleepthenextpartofhumanexperiencethat

willbecomeincreasinglytracked,countedandcompared?WesighatLinkedInuserswhoclaimtowakeupat5amandlearnChinese.Butwhatifpeoplearetoocommittedto

agoodsleep?SleepresearcherMatthewWalkeroncesaid,“Ihaveanon-negotiableeight-hoursleepopportunitywindow.”Butforme,makingone’ssleepsoinflexib

lejuststrikesmeasrathercoldlyindividualistic.Stressingourselvesoutaboutalackofsleepcanaggravatetheproblem.InhisbookOve

rcomingInsomniaandSleepProblems,OxfordprofessorColinEspiewritesabout“orthosomnia”,wherepeople’sattentionissofocusedonsleepingwellthattheybecom

etooanxioustodoso.Espiesaysweeachhaveasleeppatternthat,likeashoesize,wefigureoutthroughtrialanderror.Theresearchonbedtimesbetween10pmand11pmwillch

eerthosewholeavepartiesearlyandgiveuplate-nightfootballhighlights,butitestablishesnocausallink.Genetically

,somehumansarelarks(云雀)andsomeareowls.Foranowltotrytofighttheirnaturalschedule,andsleepearlier,itwouldn’tnecessa

rilyhelp.Oncewewereurgedtosleepwhenweweredead.Nowtheenlightenedtellustosleeporwewilldie.Idon’treallybel

ieveanyofthis.Agoodnight’ssleepisagreatenjoyment.Asfaraspossible,itshouldalsoremainasimpleone.12.WhatdocsPar

agraph3mainlytellus?A.WepaytoomuchattentiontosleephoursB.Ourancestorsalwayssufferedfromalackofsleep.C.Ourmentalhealthisclosel

yrelatedtoourbrainactivityD.Wenowhaveabetterunderstandingofthebenefitsofsleep.13.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“aggravate”inParagraph5probablymean?A

.Ease.B.Worsen.C.Prevent.D.Address.14.WhichofthefollowingmightColinEspieagreewith?A.Weshouldrespecteveryone’ssleeppattern.B.An

owlshouldtryhardtogoagainsttheirnature.C.Itisnecessarytocomparedifferentsleeppatterns.D.Weshouldchangeoursleepp

atternswhennecessary.15.Whatistheauthor’spurposeinwritingthetext?A.Toshowtheimportanceofsleep.B.Toanalyzethecauseofinsomnia.C.Topersuadepeo

pletogotobedearly.D.Toreducepeople’sanxietyaboutsleep.【19】江西省名校高中2022-2023学年高三上学期联合测评Musiccanreallyaffectyourwell-be

ing,learning,qualityoflife,andevenhappiness.Thefactthatmusiccanmakeadifficulttaskmoretolerablemaybewhystudentsofte

nchoosetolistentoitwhiledoingtheirhomework.Butislisteningtomusicthesmartchoiceforstudentswhowanttoimp

rovetheirlearning?Anewstudysuggeststhatforsomestudents,listeningtomusicisawisestrategy,butforothers,itisn’t.Theeffectofmusiconcognitive(认知的)funct

ionappearstodependpartlyonyourpersonality—specifically,onyourneedforexternalstimulation(刺激).Researchersnotonlyassessedlisteners’personalit

ybutalsochangedthedifficultyofthetaskandthecomplexityofthemusic.Participantsfirstcompletedapersonalitytestusedtodeterminethe

needforexternalstimulation.Then,theyengagedinaneasycognitivetask(searchingfortheletterAinlistsofwords)andamorechalle

ngingone(rememberingwordpairs)inorder.Participantsfinishedbothtasksunderoneoftwosoundconditions:(1)nomusic,(

2)withmusic.Thedatasuggestthatforthosewithahighneedofexternalstimulation,onthesimpletaskoffindingA’s,t

hescoresforthemusicconditionweresignificantlyworsethanthoseforthesilentcondition.Onthecomplextaskoflearn

ingwordpairs,theirperformancewasworsewhenevermusicwasplayed.Forthosewithalowneedofexternalstimulation,however,onthesimpletask,suchpart

icipants’scoresforthemusicconditionweremuchbetterthanthoseforthesilentcondition.Onthecomplextaskoflearningwordpairs,theparti

cipantsshowedasmallbutreliablebenefitwhenlisteningtomusic.Accordingtothestudy,thereareindividualdiffer

encesintheimpactofmusiconcognitivefunction.Studentswhoareeasilyboredandwhoseekoutstimulationshouldbecautiousofaddingmusictoth

emix.Ontheotherhand,studentswithalowneedforstimulationmaybenefitsignificantlyfromthepresenceofmusic.Withtherightp

ersonality,therightmusicandtherighttask,thepresenceofmusicmaysignificantlyimprovecognitivefunctioning.Giventhebenefitsofmusic,subscriptiontoSpot

ifywillberewarding!12.Whatcanwelearnaboutthestudyinparagraph2?A.Itonlyinvolvedtheparticipants’responsetomusic.

B.Participantscompletedtwotaskswhencomposingsongs.C.Thedifficultyofthetwotasksdecreasedintheexperiment.D.Participantsweregroupedbytheirneedf

orexternalstimulation.13.Whatcanweinferfromtheresultoftheresearch?A.Thecomplexityoftasksmightreducethebenefitofmusic.B.Student

sshouldlistentomusicwhenperformingcomplextasks.C.Studentswithlessexternalstimulationperformbadlywithmusic

.D.Thepresenceofmusicbenefitsstudentswhoseekforexternalstimulation.14.Whatmighttheunderlinedword“Spotify”be?A.Atravelguide.B.Apsychologyjournal.C.

Amusicplatform.D.Apersonalitytest.15.Whatcouldbethebesttitleforthearticle?A.Whyismusicessentialinyourstudy?B

.Ismusicbeneficialtoyourpersonality?C.Howcanmusicaffectyourexternalstimulation?D.Doesmusicpromoteyourcognitiveperformance?【20】湖北省荆

州荆门宜昌三校2022-2023学年高三上学期联考试题Petindustryseemstoresistgravity．Withcontinualgrowthoverthepast50years，itshowsnosignofslowingdown．Withpeopletreatingtheirpe

tsmoreandmorelikeafamilymember，thepetindustrycontinuestoseeariseinrelatedproductsandservices．ThepetindustryintheUSAreachedamil

estonein2020，withtotalsalesof$103．6billion，ahistorichigh，accordingtotheAmericanPetProductsAssociationStateoftheIndustryReport，comparedtosales

of$48billionin2010．Thatismorethana100%increaseinjusttenyearsinwhatyoumightconsidertobearelativelyboringindustry．Thepetsupplementindustryhasbeen

growingrapidlyaspetownerstreattheircatslikeamemberofthefamily，almostmirroringhumanbehavior．Payattentiontowhathumantrendsf

orhealthasitmightcrossovertotheirpets．Andifyouthoughtproductinnovationwaslimitedtohumans，youwouldbewro

ng．Wearestartingtoseesignificantamountsofinnovationinpetproductresearchanddevelopment．Forexample:petwipes．Petwipesareessentiallymoisttowelettes(

湿纸巾)usedonpetsaftergoingtothebathroom．Anotherrelativelynewpetproductcategoryispettoothpaste．Thesametrendgoesinthe

high-endproductaswell．Ifitwillmaketheirpetshappier，there’sagroupofownerswhowillbuyit．Andthatincludesrelativelyexpensiveluxu

ryproducts．Anewbrandofkittylitter(猫砂)changescolorbasedonacat’surinepHlevelsandthecompanyclaimsthattheproducthelpscato

wnersdetectillnessintheircats．Itseemsthatanythinghumansneed，petsneed．So，perhapsit’snotsurprisingthat

petinsuranceisontherise．Theglobalpetinsurancemarketsizewasestimatedat$3．8billionin2019andisexpectedtoreach$4．4billioni

n2020accordingtoGrandViewResearch．EvenLemonade，theAI-poweredinsurerrecentlylauncheditsownpetinsurancecoverage．32．Whatmakespetindust

rycontinuetodevelop？A．ItsresistancetogravityB．People’sgrowthofloveforpetsC．ThesupportofsomeorganizationsD．Thefas

hionableproductsandservices33．Inwhatwayisthegrowthofpetindustryreflected？A．ThediversityofpetsB．Thefamilymembers’behaviorC．Theamountofm

oneyspentonitD．Human’sneedsfortheirownlife34．Accordingtothepassage，whatarethetrendsofpetindustrymainlyabout？A．Pets’healtha

ndwellbeingB．Pets’appearanceandbeautyC．Pets’trainingandbehaviorD．Pets’rescueandprotection35．Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitle？A

．Whatistheinfluenceofpetindustry？B．Whydopetownerstreatpetskindly？C．Doesapetbelongtofamilymembers？D．Howdoe

spetindustrycontinuegrowing？【21】广东省深圳市重点高中2023届高三上学期第二次月考Wearetheproductsofevolution,andnotjustevolutionthatoccurredbillionsofyearsago.Assc

ientistslookdeeperintoourgenes（基因）,theyarefindingexamplesofhumanevolutioninjustthepastfewthousandyears.PeopleinEthiopia

nhighlandshaveadaptedtolivingathighaltitudes.Cattle-raisingpeopleinEastAfricaandnorthernEuropehavegainedamutation（突变）thathelpsthemdigestmilkasad

ults.OnThursdayinanarticlepublishedinCell,ateamofresearchersreportedanewkindofadaptation—nottoairortofood,butto

theocean.Agroupofsea-dwellingpeopleinSoutheastAsiahaveevolvedintobetterdivers.TheBajau,asthesepeopleareknown,number

inthehundredsofthousandsinIndonesia,MalaysiaandthePhilippines.Theyhavetraditionallylivedonhouseboats;inrecentt

imes,they’vealsobuilthousesonstilts（支柱）incoastalwaters.“Theyaresimplyastrangertotheland,”saidRodneyC.Jub

ilado,aUniversityofHawaiiresearcherwhostudiestheBajau.Dr.JubiladofirstmettheBajauwhilegrowinguponSamalIslandinthePhilippines.Theymade

alivingasdivers,spearfishingorharvestingshellfish.“Weweresoamazedthattheycouldstayunderwatermuchlongerthanuslocalislanders,”Dr.Jubiladosa

id,“Icouldseethemactuallywalkingunderthesea.”In2015,MelissaIlardo,thenagraduatestudentingeneticsattheUniversityofCope

nhagen,heardabouttheBajau.Shewonderedifcenturiesofdivingcouldhaveledtotheevolutionofphysicalcharacteristicsthatmadethetaskeasierforthem.“Itseemedli

ketheperfectchancefornaturalselectiontoactonapopulation,”saidDr.Ilardo.ShealsosaidtherewerelikelyanumberofothergenesthathelptheBajaudive

.22.Whatdoestheauthorwanttotellusbytheexamplesinparagraph1?A.Environmentaladaptationofcattleraisers.B.Newknowledgeofhumanevolution

.C.Recentfindingsofhumanorigin.D.Significanceoffoodselection.23.WheredotheBajaubuildtheirhouses?A.Invalleys.B.Nearrivers.C.Onthebeach.D.Offt

hecoast.24.WhywastheyoungJubiladoastonishedattheBajau?A.Theycouldwalkonstiltsallday.B.Theyhadasuperbwayoff

ishing.C.Theycouldstaylongunderwater.D.Theylivedonbothlandandwater.25.Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A.BodiesRemodeledforaLifeat

SeaB.Highlanders’SurvivalSkillsC.BasicMethodsofGeneticResearchD.TheWorld’sBestDivers【22】江苏省南京市2023届高三上学期10月学情调查考试Withnospecialequipment,no

fencesandnowatering,twoabandonedagriculturalfieldsintheUKhavebeenrewilded(重新野化),inlargepartduetotheeffortsofjays,whichactua

lly“engineered”thesenewwoodlands.Researchersnowhopethatrewildingprojectscantakeamorenaturalandhands-offapproachandthatj

ayscanshedsomeoftheirbadreputations.Thetwofields,whichresearchershavecalledtheNewWildernessandtheOldWilderness,hadbeenabandonedin1996and19

61respectively.Theformerwasabarefield,whilethelatterwasgrassland—bothlaynexttoancientwoodlands.Researchershadsuspectedthatthe

fieldswouldgraduallyreturntowilderness,butitwasimpressivetoseejusthowquicklythishappened,andhowmuchofitwasowedtobirds.Usingaerialdata,theresearche

rsmonitoredthetwosites.Afterjust24years,theNewWildernesshadgrownintoayoung,healthywoodwith132livetreesperhectare,overhalfofwhich(57%)wereoaks.M

eanwhile,theOldWildernessresembledamaturewoodlandafter39years,with390treesperhectare.“Thisnativewoodlandrestorationwasapproachingthestructu

re(butnotthespeciescomposition)oflong-establishedwoodlandswithinsixdecades,”theresearchersexplainedin

thestudy.Partofthisreforestationwasdonebythewind,andresearcherssuspectthatpreviousgrounddisturbancemayhaveaidedthewoodlandestablis

hment—whichisgoodnews,asitwouldsuggestthatagriculturalareasmaybereforestedfasterthananticipated.However,animals—Eurasianj

ays,thrushes,woodmice,andsquirrels—alsoplayedanimportantroleinhelpingtheforeststakeshape.Thishandfulofspeciesprovidedm

uchofthenaturalregenerationneededfortheforesttodevelop.Jays,inparticular,seemtohavedonealotofheavylifting.32.Whatdoes

theunderlinedword“shed”inParagraph1referto？A.Beopposedto.B.Beashamedof.C.Getusedto.D.Getridof.33.Whichaspectofthechang

esinthetwofieldsimpressedtheresearchers?A.Thescaleofthewoodlands.B.Thediversityofthefields.C.Therateofthechanges.D.T

hefrequencyofthewilderness.34.WhatdoestheauthorwanttotellusbyprovidingsomedatainParagragh3?A.Thewoodlandrestorationwasapproachingth

estructureoflong-establishedones.B.Muchofthewildernessofthefieldswasowedtobirds.C.Previousgrounddisturbanceaidedthewoodlandestabl

ishment.D.Howquicklythefieldsreturnedtowildernessovertime.35.Whatdoesthelastparagraphmainlytalkabout?A.Theessentialroleofhumans

inthereforestation.B.Thefactorsthatcontributetothereforestation.C.Theimportanceofwoodlandestablishment.D.Thethre

atsfacedbyahandfulofwildanimals.【23】湖北省襄阳市重点高中2022-2023学年高三上学期第二次月考Anewstudyfocusedonbirdsexamineshowthemovem

entsofriversintheAmazonhavecontributedtothatarea'sexceptionalbiologicaldiversity.Theresearchteam,ledbytheAmericanMuseumofNat

uralHistory,foundthatassmallriversystemschangeovertime,theyspurtheevolutionofnewspecies.Thefindingsalsorevealpreviou

slyunknownbirdspeciesintheAmazonthatareonlyfoundinsmallareasnexttothesedynamicriversystems,puttingthemathighri

skofextinction.ThelowlandrainforestsoftheAmazonRiverbasinharbor(藏匿)morediversitythananyotherecosystemontheplanet.Itisals

oagloballyimportantbiome(生物群落)containingabout18percentofalltreesonEarthandcarryingmorefreshwaterthanthenextsevenlargestriver

basinscombined.ResearchershavelongwonderedandhotlydebatedhowtheAmazon'srichbiodiversityaroseandaccumulated.“Ear

lyevolutionarybiologistslikeAlfredRusselWallacenoticedthatmanyspeciesofprimatesandbirdsdifferacrossoppositeriverbanksintheAmazon,

”saidthestudy'sleadauthorLukasMusher.“Moreover,accumulatinggeologicalevidencehassuggestedthattheseriversarehighlydynamic,movingaroundtheSout

hAmericanlandscapeoverrelativelyshorttimeperiods,ontheorderofthousandsortensofthousandsofyears.”Toinvestigatehowthemovementofriversacrosst

helandscapehasinfluencedtheaccumulationofbirdspeciesintheAmazon,theresearcherssequencedthegenomes(基因组)ofsixspeciesofAmazonianbirds.B

ecausetheseriversmovearoundthelandscapeatdifferenttimescales,theirmovementscanhavevaryingoutcomesforbirdspecies:whenr

iverrearrangementsoccurquickly,populationsofbirdsoneachsidecancombinebeforethey'vehadtimetodiffer;whenriver

changeshappenslowly,specieshavealongertimetodivergefromoneanother.28.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“spur”inParagraph1mean?A.Stimulate.B.Renew.C.

Pursue.D.Interrupt.29.Whathaveresearchersdebatedon?A.WhattheAmazon'sbiodiversityindicates.B.HowtheAmazon'sbiodiversitywasf

ormed.C.WhethertheAmazonhastherichestbiodiversity.D.WhyAmazonbirdspeciesareatriskofdistinction.30.WhatcanweconcludefromL

ukasMusher'swords?A.TherearesixspeciesofAmericanbirds.B.RiversmoveveryslowlyinSouthAmerica.C.Mostspeciesdifferacros

soppositeAmazonriverbanks.D.RivermovementmayleadtotheAmazon'sbiodiversity.31.Whathasinfluencedthechangeofbirdspeciesinth

eAmazon?A.Thelocationofrivermovement.B.Thepopulationsofbirds.C.Thespeedofrivermovement.D.Theamountofth

egenomes.【24】山东省潍坊市五县市2022-2023学年高三10月统考AsanyoneinmainlandBritainwhohaseverattemptedtogrowberriesornu

tsorindeedfeedthebirds–willknow,doingsoisequaltoanopeningmoveinagameofchesswithlocalgreysquirrels,agamethesq

uirrelstendtowin.Greysquirrelsarealsofondoftheoccasionalbird’seggortheyoungbird,andenjoytearingandeatingthebarkofyoungb

roadleaftrees,whichcaneitherkillthetreesorleavethemopentoinfection.This,apartfromaffectingbiodiversityandlandscape,harmsthewoodindustry.Thelossis

notinsignificant:£37ayearinEnglandandwalks.Greysquirrels,introducedfromNorthAmericain1876,havealmostreplacednativeredsquirrelsbyc

ompetingthemforfoodandhabitat.Theyarelargerandstronger,andresistanttosquirrelpoxvirus,whileredsarenot.About3milliongreysquirrelsnowlivei

ntheUK;theInternationalUnionforConservationofNatureliststhegreysquirrelamongthetop100mostharmfulinvasi

ve(入侵的)speciesintheworld.InBritain,mucheffortandinventivenesshasbeenmadeinstoppinggreysquirrelprogress,fromtrappingandshootin

gthem,toreleasingpinemartensintotheirhabitats.Thelatestmove,aworkablesystemforwhichwasthoughttobeadecadeaway,isforbiddingthebreeding(繁殖)ofgreysqu

irrels.However,legalchallengebroughtsomanydelaysthattheinvasivegreysquirrelpopulationexpandedtoanunmanageablelevelandwipingoutwereabandoned

.ThemainissueinBritainwasthoughttobemoretechnologicalthanlegaldesigningadrugthattargetsonlygreysquirrelstopreventtheirbreeding.A

notherpossibilityintheyearsaheadistouseDNAeditingtoensuregreyfemalearebornunabletogivebirth.Greysquirrelshavenowbeenherefornearly150years.Theyd

oactivelythreatenanotherspeciesinBritain.Thereisastrongargumentthatecosystemschange.Infact,thatistheiressentialnature,anditisunrealistictostopit.The

attractionofcontrollingthebreedingmethodsofgreysquirrelsisthattheyarelessinhumane,andaimforbalanceratherthanuprooting.28.Whatdoestheauthorf

ocusoninparagraph1?A.Theharmfromgreysquirrels.B.Theeatinghabitsofgreysquirrels.C.Theeffectofgreysquirrelsonindustry.D.Thega

mebetweentheBritishandgreysquirrels.29.Whatledtothevictoryofgreysquirrelsoverreds?A.Theirhugenumber.B.Theiruniqueori

gins.C.Theirbreedingability.D.Theirphysicalqualities.30.WhatisthemaindifficultyinremovinggreysquirrelsinBritain?A.Lesslabour.B.Sh

ortageofmoney.C.Imperfectlaw.D.Lackoftechnology.31.Whatistheauthor’sattitudetoforbiddingthebreedingofg

reysquirrels?A.Unclear.B.Objective.C.Favorable.D.Doubtful.