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2023届高三英语名校新题快递--开学考试专辑专题03阅读理解之说明文原卷版01【山东省济南市2022-2023学年高三开学摸底考试】EverysummerartistsperformatFringe(边缘)Festivalsaroundtheworld.FringeFe

stivalsareacelebrationofstrangeart.Theyhaveallkindsofperformers—fromdancers,musiciansandactorstoeverythin

ginbetween.Theshowsgiveartistsachancetocreateunusualart.Forfestivalgoers,eachshowisatimetoexperiencesomethingdifferent.ThefirstFringeFestivalwas

heldinEdinburgh,Scotlandin1947.ThatwasalsotheyearofthefirstEdinburghInternationalFestival.ArtistsfromaroundtheworldtraveledtoS

cotlandfortheEdinburghInternationalFestival.Theyperformedatartscentersthroughoutthecity.Eightlocaltheatercompaniesdi

dnotreceiveaninvitation,however.Inresponse,theyperformedatsmallerspacesaroundEdinburgh.Theseartistsperform

edwherevertheycould,includingchurchesandevenonthestreet.TheystartedtheirownculturaleventandnamedittheEdinburghFestivalFringe.What

startedasanalternativetothemainstreamhasnowbecometheworld’slargestartsfestival.Today,therearehundredsofFringeFestivalstakingplacearoundtheworl

d.TheoneinWashington,D.C.,calledtheCapitalFringeFestival,isinitstenthyear.ItwasheldinthemonthofJuly.Ju

lianneBrienzafoundedtheCapitalFringeFestival.Shewenttoaschoolfortheperformingarts,butnowseesherselfmain

lyasanorganizerofthefestival.Brienzabelievesthatfringeperformanceartisspecialandcanhaveapowerfuleffect.TheCapitalFringeFestivaltakesplac

eindifferentlocationsthroughouttheD.C.area.Someperformanceshappenintraditionaltheaters.Othershappeninunusualsettingslikeold,emptybuildingso

rstoresafterbusinesshoursareover.BrienzasaysthepurposeofFringefestivalsistoexplorethelimitsofartinuniqueenvironments.Si

nce2006,theeventhasmademorethan$1.7million.ItisthesecondlargestFringeFestivalintheU.S.anditspopularityhasgrow

neveryyear.TheEdinburghFestivalFringecontinuesthroughoutthemonthofAugust.8.WhomaybeinterestedinFringeFestivals?A

.Strangeartlovers.B.Professionalartists.C.Classicalmusicians.D.Traditionalculturesupporters.9.WhatdoesParagraph2mainlytalkabout?A.WhyEdinburghbecamet

heglobalartcenter.B.HowthefirstFringeFestivalcameintobeing.C.WhentheEdinburghInternationalFestivalwasheld.D.WheretheEdinburg

hFestivalFringewascelebrated.10.WhatcanweknowabouttheCapitalFringeFestival?A.Itistheworld’slargestartsfestival.B.Ithasnofixedplace

sforcelebration.C.Itcanneverbeacceptedbythepublic.D.Ithasalongerhistorythanotherfestivals.11.WhichofthefollowingmayB

rienzaprobablyagreeaboutFringeFestivals?A.Theyraisepeople’sloveoffestivals.B.Theylimitthedevelopmentofarts.C.Formalartsarelookeddownupon..Chancesa

reofferedtounusualarts.01【山东省济南市2022-2023学年高三开学摸底考试】Somescientistshavetracedtheincreaseinearthquakes,especiallyinareasnotknown

forthepresenceoffaultlinesorpastseismic(地震的)activity,tohumanactions.Theideaofhumanscausingearthquakesmayseemstrangeatfirst.Afterall,you

canrunaroundyourbackyardandjumpupanddownasyouwant,andthegroundisn’tgoingtostartshaking.However,scientistshaveidentifiedavarietyoflargescalehumanactiv

itiesthatcanresultinearthquakes.Scientistshaveconfirmedover700placeswherehumanactivitieshavecausedearthquakesoverthe

lastcentury.Whilemanyhuman-relatedearthquakesaremildanddon’tcausemuchdamage,someofthemcanbeseriousanddanger

ous.Infact,scientistsbelievehumanactivityhascausedearthquakeswithmagnitudesashighas7.9ontheRichterscale.Scientistsbelievemosthuman-r

elatedearthquakesaretheresultofmining.AscompaniesdrilldeeperanddeeperbelowEarth’ssurfacetogetnaturalres

ources,holesleftbehindcancauseinstabilitythatleadstocollapsesthatcauseearthquakes.Anotherhumanactivityleadingtoearthquakesisfrac

king(水力压裂)foroilandgas,includingthehighpressurewastewaterprocessingthatusuallygoeswithfracking.Inthisprocess,water,sandandch

emicalsarepressedundergroundunderhighpressuretobreakrockstoreleasenaturalresources.Buildinglargedamsc

analsocauseearthquakes.Forexample,about80,000peoplediedinChinain2008asaresultofa7.9-magnitudeearthquakecausedby320milliontonsofwaterthathadbeenco

llectedintheZipingpuReservoirafteralargedamwasbuiltoveraknownfaultline.Thesearen’ttheonlyhumanactivitiesthatcanresul

tinearthquakes,though.Scientistspointoutthatearthquakescanalsobecausedbyotherhumanactivities,suchasconstructionofskyscra

persandnuclearexplosions.12.Whatdoestheunderlinedpart“faultlines”inParagraph1referto?A.Regionswithactivehumanactions.B.

Placesassociatedwithnaturalbalance.C.Zoneswherenaturalresourcesarerich.D.Areaswhereearthquakestendtohappen.13.Whatdominingandoilproducinghave

incommon?A.Theybreakthebalanceofnature.B.Theydestroythestabilityofrocks.C.Theyusehighpressuretogetresources.D.They

domuchdamagetoEarth’ssurface.14.WhatcanbeinferredfromParagraph4?A.The2008earthquakeistheworstinhistory.B.Constructionofd

amsshouldbestopped.C.Tonsofwatermustcauseearthquakes.D.Thelocationofadammattersmuch.15.Whatdoesthetextmainlytellus?A.Naturepun

isheshumansbymeansofearthquakes.B.Progresshasbeenmadeonearthquakeresearch.C.Humansaretoblameforsomeearthquakes.D.Earthquakesarenolongernature-

made.02【湖南省长沙市长郡中学2022-2023学年高三上学期入学考试】Alargebodyofresearchhasbeendevelopedinrecentyearstoexplainmanyaspec

tsofwillpower.Mostoftheresearchersexploringself-controldosowithanobviousgoalinmind:Howcanwillpowerbestrengthened?Ifwillpoweristrulyalimited

resource,astheresearchsuggests,whatcanbedonetomakeitstaystrong?Avoidingtemptation(诱惑)isaneffectivemethodformaintainingself-cont

rol,whichiscalledthe“outofsight,outofmind”principle.Onerecentstudy,forinstance,foundofficeworkerslessattractedtocandyinthedeskdrawerthanthatontop

oftheirdesks,inplainsight.Theresearchsuggestingthatwepossessalimitedreservoirofself-controlraisesatroublingquestion.Whenwefacetoomanytemptati

ons,arewetofail?Notnecessarily.Researchersdon’tbelievethatone’swillpowerisevercompletelyexhausted.Rather,peopleappeartoholdsomewillpower

inreserve,savedforfuturedemands.Therightmotivationallowsustotapintothosereserves,allowingustocarryonevenwhenourself-contro

lstrengthhasbeenrundown.Highmotivationmighthelpovercomeweakenedwillpower-atleasttoapoint.Willpowerma

yalsobemadelessvulnerable（脆弱）tobeingexhaustedinthefirstplace.Researcherswhostudyself-controloftendescribeitasbeinglikeamus

clethatgetstiredwithheavyuse.Butthereisanotheraspecttothemusclecomparison,theysay.Whilemusclesbecomeexhaustedbyexerciseintheshortterm,

theyarestrengthenedbyregularexerciseinthelongterm.Similarly,regularpracticesofself-controlmayimprovewillpowerstreng

th.Theevidencefromwillpower-exhaustionstudiesalsosuggeststhatmakingalistofresolutionsonNewYear’sEveisthewors

tpossibleapproach.Beingexhaustedinoneareacanreducewillpowerinotherareas,soitmakesmoresensetofocusonasinglegoalatat

ime.Inotherwords,don’ttrytoquitsmoking,adoptahealthydietandstartanewexerciseplanatthesametime.Takinggoalsonebyoneisabetterapproach.

Onceagoodhabitisinplace,Baumeistersays,you’llnolongerneedtodrawonyourwillpowertomaintainthebehavior.Eventually

healthyhabitswillbecomeroutine,andwon’trequiremakingdecisionsatall.8.Fromthestudiesinthepassagewelearnth

at.A.peoplehaveunlimitedself-controlB.highmotivationensuresone’ssuccessC.willpowerishardlycompletelyexhaustedD.too

manytemptationsoftenleadtofailure9.Theunderlinedphrase“tapinto”inParagraph3mostprobablymeans.A.makeuseofB.runoutofC.buildD.increase10

.Theauthorcomparesself–controltomuscles.A.toprovethelong-termeffectofwillpowerB.toshowthesignificanceofregularexerciseC.toarguethatself-controlcan

beeasilyusedupD.toexplainthebenefitsofpracticingself-control11.Todevelopagoodhabit,whichofthefollowingdoestheauthorprefe

r?A.“Iwillgiveupdessertanddoexercise.”B.“Iwillsetthreegoalsthisnewsemester.”C.“IwillreadanEnglishnovel

everymonth.”D.“Iwillkeepmyselffromanytemptation.”02【湖南省长沙市长郡中学2022-2023学年高三上学期入学考试】MidwaythroughTheMatrix,Cypherf

eastsonanenormoussteak,wellawarethathisrealityisnotreal,partofadigitalprogramtellinghisbrainthatthesteakisaconstructionandthatitis“juicyandd

elicious.”Twodecadesafterthemoviemadeitsfirstappearance,somethingunexpectedarises:Thefutureofrealitywillnotonlybevirtual

butalsosynthetic(合成的).Cypher’sfuturemealwillbeaphysicalone,synthesizedfromanimalcells.Andthesynthesisgoesbeyonddinner.Startingwithcomponen

tsfromthenaturalworld,scientistsarelearningtoengineermicroorganismsandbuildbiocomputingsystems.However,biologyhasatendencytoe

volveinunexpectedways.Synthesizedmeatisonecaseinpoint.Thedrivingforcesbehindthemeatmovementarepractical.Ithasbeenestimatedthatcultured(培育的)meatwouldr

equire7to45percentlessenergyandproduce78to96percentlessgreenhousegasthanconventionalanimalsfarmedforconsump

tion.Butoncewe’reabletosynthesizemeat,theoretically,we’llhavethecapabilitytoculturemeatfromanyanimal,eventhosewe’dnev

erconsidereatingtoday,likedolphinsorchimpanzees,whichwillposeanewregulatorychallengeforus.Usingsyntheticbiology,wecaneveneditandrewritelife,thetechn

ologyofwhicharealreadyinuse.In2021,scientistsinsomecountriesannouncedtheyhadgrownmonkeyembryosinjectedwithhumanstemcells.Herecom

esthesituationworthconsidering:suchamonkey-humanhybridwilldemonstratequalitiesthataresomewherebetweenhumans,o

nwhichexperimentationisn’tallowed,andanimals,whichareoftenraisedspecificallyforresearch.Howwillwedecidewhenananimalbecomestoohuman?D

ependingonwhereyoustand,thesyntheticrealitieslandsomewherebetween“reallyexciting”and“criticallyconcerning.”Asindividuals,weundert

akeasharedresponsibilitytomakegoodchoicesaboutthiscomingsynthetictechnology.12.WhatdoweknowaboutCypher’ssteakinthemovie?A.Itisanythingb

utappetizing.B.Itisenjoyedinavirtualworld.C.Itissynthesizedfromanimalcell.D.Itisaconstructionmadebyhimself.13.What’stheadvantageofsynth

esizedmeat?A.Itismorenutritious.B.Itismoreenergy-consuming.C.Itismoreenvironment-friendly.D.Itismorecontr

ollableinregulation.14.Whatistheauthor’sattitudetotheexperimentinParagraph4?A.Cautious.B.Favorable.C.Pessimistic.D.Indifferent.15.Whatisthepurp

oseofthetext?A.Topopularizesynthetictechnology.B.Toindicatechallengesofsynthetictechnology.C.Tostresstheimportanceof

synthetictechnology.D.Tointroducethedevelopmentofsynthetictechnology.03【广东省2022-2023学年新高三开学大联考】QueenEli

zabethII’sfaceisoneverynoteandcoinintheUnitedKingdom,butstilllittleisknownabouthowmuchmoneyshehaspersonally,howshegetsitandwhostandstoinherit

(继承)it.WhatwedoknowfrompublicrecordsisthattheQueenreceivesatleast$20millioninannualincomethroughherprivateestate,

andanother100milliondollarsfromtheUKgovernmenteachyear.ThefirstthingtounderstandisthattheQueen’sincomecomesfrombothpublica

ndprivatepossessions.AlargeamountofitcomesfromsomethingcalledtheSovereignGrant.Here’showthatworks.Inthe1700s,themonarchy(王室)hand

edoverincomefromlandtothegovernmentknownastheCrownEstate.Eachyearthegovernmentpaysapercentageoftheprofitsmad

eonthosepossessionsbacktothemonarchy.ThatannualincomeisknownastheSovereignGrant.Lastyearittotaledmorethan$107million.Anditisusedtofundth

eQueen’sofficialdutiesandmaintainroyalresidenceslikeBuckinghamPalace.Butevenifwecan’tidentifyherexactworth,theroyalfinancesarelookingheal

thyastheQueencelebratesher70thQueenCeremony.TheSundayTimesRichListestimatedtheQueen’snetworthis$466million,up$6.2milliondollarsfrom

lastyear.AndwhiletheDuchyofLancastersawUKincomedropduringthepandemic,accordingtoitsfinancialrecords,theQueen’sin

comehasbeenturningupwardsoverthepastdecade.Anyway,themonarchyisaprivatefamily,andtheyareunlikelytoshareanydetailsoftheirwealthwit

htheBritishpublic,andthatprobablywon’tchangeanytimesoon.8.HowdoestheQueengetherincome?A.FromtheCrownEstate.B.Fromth

eSovereignGrant.C.Fromthemonarchyandthegovernment.D.Fromthegovernmentandprivatepossessions.9.What’sthemainideaofParagraph4?A.

HowtheQueen’sincomeiscalculated.B.Howthemonarchycooperateswiththegovernment.C.HowtheSovereignGrantworksandwhatthemoneyisusedfor.D.Howthemonarchyg

etspaidandwhattheQueen’sofficialdutiesare.10.WhatcanbeinferredabouttheQueen’sincomefromParagraph5?A.Itcanbeexa

ctlyidentified.B.Itdecreasesduringthepandemic.C.Itismorethanthatfromlastyear.D.ItismorethanthatoftheUKgovernment.11.Whichsectionmaythete

xtbetakenfrom?A.Health.B.History.C.Education.D.Economy.03【广东省2022-2023学年新高三开学大联考】Areyousleepingrestlessly,forgettinglittlethings,andfeelingd

epressedandlonely?Don’tworry.We’veallbeenthere.You’reprobablyjuststressedout.Stressisn’talwaysabadthing.Itcanbehandyforaburstofextraenergyandfo

cus,likewhenyou’replayingacompetitivesport,orhavetospeakinpublic.Butwhenit’scontinuous,thekindofsituatio

nmostofusfacedaily,itactuallybeginstochangeyourbrain.Chronic(长期的)stress,likebeingoverworkedorhavingargumentsathomefrequently,canaffectb

rainsize,itsstructure,andhowitfunctions,rightdowntothelevelofyourgenes.Aslevelsofcortisol(皮质醇)rise,electricsignalsinyourhippocam

pus(海马体),thepartofthebrainassociatedwithlearning,memories,andstresscontrol,decline.Whenthehippocampuswe

akens,sodoesyourabilitytocontrolyourstress.That’snotall,though.Cortisolcanliterallycauseyourbraintog

etsmallerinsize.Toomuchofitresultsintheshrinkingofthepartofyourbrainthatregulatesbehaviorslikeconcentration,

decision-making,judgement,andsocialinteraction.Italsoleadstofewernewbraincellsbeingmadeinthehippocampus.Th

ismeanschronicstressmightmakeitharderforyoutolearnandrememberthings,andalsosetthestageformoreseriousmentalproblems,likedepressionandeventuallyAlz

heimer’sdisease.It’snotallbadnews,though.Therearemanywaystochangewhatcortisoldoestoyourstressedbrain.Themos

tpowerfulweaponsareexerciseandgettingintodeepthoughts,whichinvolvesbreathingdeeplyandbeingawareandfocuse

donyoursurroundings.Bothoftheseactivitiesdecreaseyourstressandincreasethesizeofthehippocampus,andthereforeyourmemoryimproves.Sod

on’tfeeldefeatedbythepressuresofdailylife.Getcontrolofyourstressbeforeittakescontrolofyou.12.Onwhichocc

asioncanstressbeagoodthing?A.Whenmakingdecisions.B.Whendeliveringaspeech.C.Whenbeingindeepthought.D.W

henforgettinglittlethings.13.Whatmayinfluenceyourgenes’levelaccordingtothetext?A.Havingchronicstress.B.Playingcompetitivesports.C.Workingovertimelas

tFriday.D.Havingafightwithyourbrother.14.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“It”refertoinParagraph6?A.Relevantbehavior.B.Toomuchcortisol.C.Socialintera

ction.D.Thesmallerbraininsize.15.Whichofthefollowingcanbeagoodwaytorelievestress?A.Sleepingalot.B.Doingsports

regularly.C.Changingthecortisol.D.Havingsocialinteraction.04【山东省日照市2022-2023学年高三上学期第一次校际联考】EveryyearfromMaytoJuly

,tensofthousandsofTibetanantelopesfromregionsinQinghai,Tibetautonomousregion,andXinjiangautonomousregionmakethe

irwaytoHohXilnaturereserveinQinghaitogivebirth.ThemothersandnewbornTibetanantelopesmakethereturntriparoundAugust.Thisjourneyisrathertough.Morethan

90percentofthefemaleanimalsgivebirtheveryyear,butonlyabout30percentofthenewbornssurvive.Manyofthemdieo

nthereturnjourney,unabletowithstandthepredators(捕食性动物)anddisease.Thegovernmenthasadoptedsomehigh-tech

methodstoassistinthesafereturnofnewbornantelopesandprotectthespecies.In2013,withthehelpoftheBeiDouNavigation

SatelliteSystem,researchersdiscoveredandconfirmedthelargestTibetanantelope“birthroom”ontheQinghai-TibetPlatea

u,andtheymappedthemigrationroutesofTibetanantelopes.Sincelate2018,asolar-powereddronehasbeenusedtomonitorthemigrationherds.“Thesolar-powereddronehas

alongflyingtimewithhigh-resolutioncameras,whichgivesusanewunderstandingofmanyspecificroutesduringthemigrationofTi

betanantelopes,”saidWuXiaomin,anexpertfromtheShaanxiInstituteofZoology.“Forexample,thenomads(牧民)putfencesonthegrasslandto

protectthegrass,butsometimesthesehinderthenormalactivityoftheTibetanantelopes.”ToclearthewayfortheTibetana

ntelopes,thegovernmentoftheTibethastakenactioninrecentyearstogivemoreprotectedspacetowildlife.Theyrelocateno

madsfromplacesataltitudesabove4,800meterstootherplacesintheregion.Knownas“plateauelves”,Tibetanantelopeshaveadaptedtot

heuniqueandseverenaturalconditionsoftheQinghai-TibetPlateau.AccordingtoWu,theTibetanantelopeisrecognizedasanimportantindicatorspecieso

fthenaturalecosystem.ThepopulationofTibetanantelopeshasgrown.“Witharecordedlowpopulationoffewerthan20,000i

nQinghai,thenumberhasnowreachedover70,000,”saidformerQinghaigovernorXinChangxingataneventtomarkWorldEnvironmentDay.8.WhatcanwelearnaboutTibe

tanantelopes?A.TheytraveltoHohXiltofindpartners.B.Only30percentofthemgivebirtheveryyear.C.TheiryearlytriptoHoh

Xiltakesaboutonemonth.D.Thenewbornsarethreatenedbydiseasesandpredators.9.Whatisthesolar-powereddronemainlyu

sedfor?A.LocatingtheTibetanantelope“birthroom”.B.RecordingTibetanantelopes’dailyactivities.C.WatchingoverthemigratingTibetanantelo

pes.D.MappingthemigrationroutesofTibetanantelopes.10.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“hinder”inparagraph3probablymean?A.Payattention

to.B.Causetroublefor.C.Takecontrolof.D.Playanimportantrolein.11.HowdoesthegovernmentprotectTibetanantelopes

?A.Byexpandingtheareaofreserve.B.Bydrivingawaytheirpredators.C.Byencouragingnomadstoprotectthem.D.Byrelocatingthemtoaprotectedplace.04【

山东省日照市2022-2023学年高三上学期第一次校际联考】SamsungElectronicsAmericaannouncedthatGalaxydeviceownerscanmaketheirownrepairstotheGalaxyS20andS21familyof

products,aswellastheGalaxyTabS7+,startingAugust2nd.SamsungiscooperatingwithiFixit,theleadingonlinerepaircommunity,todelivertheirSel

f-Repairprogram.ThisprogramaddstoSamsung’scontinuedexpansionsforconvenientrepairforconsumersandhelpsthemwithsustainablesolutionstosupportamorec

irculareconomybyextendingthelifeoftheirdevices,aswellasminimizinge-waste.Samsungconsumerswhowishtomakethei

rownrepairscannowpurchaserealdevicepartsandconvenient,easy-to-userepairtools,availablethroughiFixit,Samsungretail(

零售)andservicelocations,atthesamepricingofferedtoourrepairproviders.Inaddition,Galaxydeviceownerswillhavefullaccesstoonlinerepairguidesthatprovide

bothvisualandwrittenstep-by-stepinstructions,andbestofall,atnocost.“Makingreplacementpartsavailableisakeysustainabilitystrate

gy.We’reexcitedtobeworkingdirectlywithSamsungandtheircustomerstoextendthelifetimeoftheirphones,”saidCEOofiFixit.Startingtoday,Galaxydeviceownerscanr

eplacethephonescreen,backglass,andchargingports.Inthefuture,Samsungplanstoexpandself-repairtoincludemoredevicesandrepairoptionsfromourext

ensiveproductportfolio(档案).Furthermore,theprogrammakesiteasyforconsumerstoreturntheirthrown-awaypartsforresponsi

blerecycling,asthenewdisplaykitswillcomewithareturnlabeltoshipthrown-awaypartsbacktoSamsung—atnocosttotheconsumer.Ina

dditiontotheconvenienceofthesenewself-repairoptions,GalaxysmartphoneownershaveachoiceonhowtheycanextendthelifeoftheirdevicesacrossS

amsung’sexpansivecareoptions,including:ThroughSamsung’sperfectcarenetwork,customershaveaccesstoover11,000Samsun

gMobilecertifiedrepairtechniciansintheU.S.12.WhowilldotherepairworkundertheSelf-Repairprogram?A.TheiF

ixitcommunity.B.TheGalaxyconsumers.C.SamsungRepairstaff.D.Thedevicesthemselves.13.WhatistheSamsungcompanyaimingtodoaccordi

ngtoparagraph2?A.Topromoteacirculareconomy.B.Tomakefulluseoftheoldparts.C.Toenrichthelifeofthephoneusers.D.ToensurebetterservicebyiFixit.14.Which

ofthefollowingisfreeofcharge?A.TheSamsungdeviceparts.B.NewSamsungproducts.C.Thewrittenrepairinstructions.D.Theeasy-to-userepairtools.15.Wh

ichcanbethebesttitleforthetext?A.ANewInventionB.ANewTechnologyC.ASuccessfulCooperationD.AnInitiativepractice05【江苏省海安市2

022-2023学年高三上学期期初学业质量监测】Climatechangeleadstothreattotheworld’ssandybeaches,andasmanyashalfofthemcoulddisappearby2100,anewstudyhas

found.Evenby2050somecoastlinescouldbeunrecognizablefromwhatweseetoday,with10%to12%facingseriouserosion(侵蚀).Usingupdatedsealevelrisepredict

ions,theresearchersanalyzedhowbeachesaroundtheworldwouldbeinafuturewithhigherseasandmoredamagingstorms.Theyalsoconsiderednaturalprocesseslikewa

veerosion,aswellashumanfactors—likecoastalbuildingdevelopments,allofwhichcanaffectabeach'shealth.Thestudyfoundthat

sealevelriseisexpectedtooutweigh(胜过)theseotherfactors,andthatthemoreheat-trappinggaseshumanputintothe

atmosphere,theworsetheinfluencesontheworld’sbeachesarelikelytobe.It’shardtooverstatejusthowimportanttheworld'sbea

chesare.Theycovermorethanonethirdoftheworld’scoastlines,andprotectcoastalareasfromstorms.Beachesarealsoimportanteconomicengines,sup

portingrelaxation,tourismandotheractivities.Andinsomeareas,thebeachismorethanavacationdestination.Inp

laceslikeAustralia,lifenearthecoastrevolves(围绕)aroundthebeachformuchoftheyear.Someoftheworld’smostpopularbeachesa

realreadytakingaction.PlaceslikeMiamiBeacharetruckinginthousandsoftonsofsandtopatchup(修复)badlyerodedshoreli

nes,whileothershavebuiltseawallsandbreakwatersinanattempttoholdprecioussandinplace.Butthefinancialandenvironmentalcostsoftheseprojectsare

huge,andscientistssayrisingseasandmorepowerfulstorms,aswellasawarmerclimate,maymakethisalosingbattle

.However,theresearchersdidfindthathumanshavesomecontroloverwhathappenstotheworld'sbeaches.Iftheworld’sgovernmentsareable

tocontinuecuttingheat-trappinggaspollution,theresearchersfoundthat22%ofprojectedbeachlossesby2050couldbeprevented,anumberthatgrowsto40%by2

100ifgreenhousegasesarelimited.8.Whichofthefollowingmainlycausesseriousbeacherosion?A.Higherseas.B.Humanfactors.C.Damagingsto

rms.D.Waveerosion.9.WhatcanweinferfromParagraph3?A.Stormsdamageonethirdofworld’scoastlines.B.Significanceofbeachescan’tbeunde

restimated.C.Economicactivitiesmaycausedamagetobeaches.D.BeachesaretheonlyeconomicengineforAustralia.10.Howdoscientiststhinkofthe

actionstakentoprotectbeaches?A.Costlybutfailed.B.Effectivebutnotenough.C.Orderlybutslow.D.Enormousbutnotconstant.11.Whatisthetext

mainlyabout?A.Actionshavebeentakentoprotectbeaches.B.Beachesarefacingthethreatofdisappearing.C.Lifeincoastalareasmainlydep

endsonbeaches.D.Thereexistchallengestoprotecterodedbeaches.05【江苏省海安市2022-2023学年高三上学期期初学业质量监测】InthevillagesoftheEnglishcountryside

,therearestillpeoplewhorememberthegoodolddayswhennoonebotheredtolocktheirdoors.Theresimplywasn’tanycrimetoworryabout.Am

azingly,thesehappytimesappearstilltobewithusintheworld’sbiggestcommunity.AnewstudybyDanFarmer,agiftedprogrammer,usinganaut

omatedinvestigativeprogramofhisowncalledSATAN,showsthattheownersofwelloverhalfofallWorldWideWebsiteshavesetuphomewithoutfittinglo

ckstotheirdoors.SATANcantryoutavarietyofwell-knownhackingtricksonanInternetsitewithoutactuallybreakingin.Farmerhasm

adeprogrampubliclyavailable,amongmuchcriticism.Apersonwithevilintentcoulduseittohuntdownsitesthatareeasytos

tealin.ButFarmerisveryconcernedabouttheneedtoalertthepublictopoorsecurityand,sofar,eventshaveprovedhimright.S

ATANhasdonemoretoalertpeopletotherisksthancausenewdisorder.SoistheNetbecomingmoresecure?Farfromit.Intheearlydays,whenyouvisitedaWebsite,yo

urbrowsersimplylookedatthecontent.NowthewebisfulloftinyprogramsthatautomaticallydownloadwhenyoulookataWebpage,andrunon

yourownmachine.Theseprogramscould,iftheirauthorswished,doallkindsofnastythingstoyourcomputer.Butlet’slookonthebrigh

tside.Giventhelackoflocks,theInternetissurelytheworld’sbiggest(almost)crime-freesociety.Maybethatisbec

ausehackersarefundamentallyhonest.Orthattherecurrentlyisn’tmuchtosteal.Orbecausevandalism(蓄意破坏)isn’tmuchfununlessyouhaveaspecialdislikef

orsomeone.Whateverthereason,let’senjoyitwhilewecan.Butexpectitalltochange,andsecuritytobecomethenumberoneissue,when

themostinfluentialinhabitantsoftheNetaresellingservicestheywanttobepaidfor.12.Whatdoestheunderlinedsentenceinparagraph2mean?A.M

anyInternetsitesarenotwellprotected.B.Thosehappytimesappearstilltobewithus.C.Theresimplywasn’tanycrim

etoworryabout.D.Hackersdon’tactuallybreakintoanInternetsite.13.WhatcanSATANbeusedtodo?A.Topreventhackersbreakingintowebsi

tes.B.ToinvestigatethesecurityofInternetsites.C.ToimprovethesecurityoftheInternetsystem.D.Todownloadusefulpro

gramsandinformation.14.What’stheauthor’sattitudetoSATAN?A.FavorableB.IndifferentC.CautiousD.Doubtful15.What’sthepurposeofthepassage?A.Topromo

teandselltheSATANprogram.B.ToadvocatepeoplefleeingfromtheInternet.C.TomakenetizensawareofthesecurityoftheInternet.D.ToinformnetizensthattheI

nternetissafewithSATAN.06【河北省保定市部分学校2022-2023学年高三上学期开学考试】Appleshavealwaysplayedasignificantyetdiverseroleinhistory

.Todayapplescontinuetoastonishinmedicine,withheadlinesreportingthatanappleadayreallydoeshavehealthbenefits.In2013,r

esearchersinOxfordsuggestedthateitheranappleadayorastatin(akindofdrug)seemedtobeequallysuccessfulatpreventinghearta

ttacksandstrokesinpeopleovertheageof50.EPICstudy,oneofthebiggeststudiesofitskind,involveshalfamillionpeopleandlo

oksattheeffectsofeatingfruitandvegetablesondisease.Participantsconsumingatleasteightportionsadayhadanastonishing22%lowerriskofheartdisease,andris

ksofsomecancerswereslightlyreduced.However,othercancerswereunaffected,andtherewasnorealeffectondiabetes.Howmightthehumbleapplebedeclari

ngwaronheartdiseaseandcancer,twoofourbiggestkillers?Theanswermightlieinpolyphenols(多酚)inapples,whichisusefulforprotect

ingthefruitfromdiseaseandalsogivingitcolorandflavor.Theyhavethepotentialtoprotectourbodybyreducingbloodstickinessandcholestero

l(胆固醇)levels.Severalstudiesalsoshowareductioninbloodpressurewhenmorefruitandvegetablesareeaten.Furthermore

,applescontainafibrecalledpectin(果胶)whichstickstocholesterolinthebody,slowingtheirabsorption.Whatisclearisthattheappleisacomplexmix

ofcomponents,workingtogetherforthegoodofourhealth.Butcanweeatenoughapplesadaytokeepthedoctoraway?Eatingtoomanymaynotbeagoodid

ea,especiallywithariskoflastingexposuretolowlevelsofpesticide.Somepeopleareevenallergictoapples,andtheycanwea

rawayouterlayeroftooth.TheDepartmentofHealth’sadvicetoconsume“5-a-day”(includingbothfruitandvegetables)mightbearealist

icstartingpoint.28.Whichofthefollowingdotheresearchersagreewith?A.Anappleadaycansuccessfullycureheartdiseases.B.Eatingfruitandvegetablescanr

educediabetesgreatly.C.Applesandmedicinehavesimilareffectinsomecases.D.Thoseeatingappleshavealowerriskofallcancers.29.Whyarep

olyphenolsandpectinmentionedinthetext?A.Tomakeacomparison.B.Togiveadviceonhealth.C.Totellwhatapplescontain.D.Toclarifyhowappleswork.3

0.Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase“5-a-day”inthelastparagraphreferto?A.Anappleandfivevegetablesperday.B.Fiveapplesindif

ferenttimeseveryday.C.Twoapplesandthreevegetableseveryday.D.Fiveportionsoffruitandvegetablesperday.31.Whereisthetextprobablytakenfrom?A.Abio

logytextbook.B.Ahealthmagazine.C.Atravelbrochure.D.Anursingreport.06【河北省保定市部分学校2022-2023学年高三上学期开学考试】Emergingeconomiesstruggledtogrowthroughth

e2010sandpessimismcoversthemnow.PeoplewonderhowtheywillpaydebtsduringtheCOVID-19andhowtheycangrowrapidlyastheydidinthepastinaneraofdeglobalisation

(去全球化).Thefreshestofmanyanswerstothisissueisthefast-spreadingdigitalrevolution.Thedigitalrevolutionisalreadyasp

rogressiveinemergingeconomiesasdevelopedones.Amongthetop30nationsbyincomefromdigitalservicesasashareofgrossdomesticproduct(GDP),16a

reintheemergingworld.Indonesia,forexample,isfurtheradvancedbythismeasurethanFranceorCanada.Andsince2017

,digitalincomehasbeengrowinginemergingcountriesatanaverageannualpaceof26percent,comparedwith11percentinthedevelop

edones.Howcanitbethatpoorernationsareadoptingcommondigitaltechnologiesfasterthantherich?Oneexplanationishabitanditsabsence.Insocietiesfilledwith

physicalstoresandservices,customersareoftencomfortablewiththemandslowtoabandontheproviders.Incountrieswh

erepeoplehavedifficultyevenfindingabankoradoctor,theywilljumpatthefirstdigitaloptionthatcomesalong.Outsidersh

aveahardtimegraspingtheimpactdigitalservicescanhaveonunderserved(服务不足的)populations.Nationslackinginschools,hospit

alsandbankscanquicklybridgethesegapsbyestablishingonlineservices.Thoughonly5percentofKenyanscarrycreditcards,mo

rethan70percenthaveaccesstodigitalbanking.It’searlydays,too.AseconomistCarlotaPerezhasshown,techrevolu

tionslastalongtime.Innovationslikethecarandthesteamenginewerestilltransformingeconomieshalfacenturylat

er.Now,thefadingeraofglobalisationwilllimitthenumberofemergingmarkets,buttheeraofrapiddigitisationhasonl

yjustbegun.Thisoffersmanydevelopingeconomiesarevolutionarynewpathtocatchupwiththelivingstandardsofthedevelopedworld.32.Wh

atcanweknowaboutthedigitalrevolution?A.Itincreasespeople’sdebtsindeglobalisation.B.Itpreventsemergingeconomyfromdeveloping.C.Itadvancesinemergingand

developedeconomies.D.ItdevelopsmostrapidlyinIndonesiaintermsofGDP.33.Wherearepeoplemorewillingtoacceptdigita

lservices?A.Ineconomieslackinginonlineservices.B.Incountriesshortofbasicphysicalfacilities.C.Innationswithadequatestoresandservices.D.Insocie

tieseasytoaccessdoctorsandbanks.34.Whatdoestheauthorthinkofthefutureofdigitisation?A.Stable.B.Hopeful.C.Depressing.D.Challenging.35.

What’sthemainideaofthetext?A.Digitaltechnologysavesemergingeconomies.B.Deglobalisationlimitstechnologyrevolutions.C.Emergingeconomiesstr

uggleinthepandemic.D.Digitalrevolutiongrowsbetteringlobalisation.07【江苏省泰州中学2022-2023学年高三上学期期初调研考试】Weareoftenremi

ndedofOscarWilde’ssayingthat“sarcasm(讽刺)isthelowestformofwit”whileforgettingthefollowing“butthehighestformofint

elligence”.Parentsorteachersofteenagers,inparticular,mayfindithardtobelievethatitisactuallyasignofaflexibleandinventivemind.Y

etthatisexactlywhatpsychologistsandneuroscientistshavebeenarguing.Theyhavefoundthatsarcasmrequiresthebraintojumpthroughnumeroushoops(圈)toarrivea

tacorrectinterpretation,requiringmorebrainpowerthanliteralstatements.Ifyou’restillnotconvincedthatyourteen’sloveofsarcasmisathingworthcelebr

ating,considerarecentexperimentfromLiHuang,apsychologistatInsead’sbusinessschoolinFontainebleau,France.Intheexperiment,participantswerepres

entedwithacandle,apackofmatchesandaboxoftacks(图钉).Theirtaskwastofindawaytoattachthecandletothewallso

thatitcouldbumwithoutdrippingwaxonthefloor.Thecorrectansweristoemptytheboxoftacks,pinittothewall,andthenplacethecandleins

ideasolutionthatwillonlycometomindifyouarepreparedtothinkaboutthefunctionsofeachobject.Beforeworkingontheproblem,someparticipantswereas

kedtorecallasarcasticinteraction,whileothersrememberedasincereorneutralexchange.Quiteamazingly,thesarcasticmemoriesmorethandoubledthepar

ticipants’successrate,fromaround30%tomorethan60%.Itmayinitiallyfeellikeashockwhenparentsnoticetheirchildrenusingsarcasm——a

sign,perhaps,ofamoreadult-likecynicism(愤世嫉俗)thatconflictswiththeirimpressionsoftheirchildren’syouthfulinnocenc

e.Parentsmayfeelparticularlyhelplesswhendealingwithateenagerwhousesitinalmostallinteractions,asiftheystruggle.toexp

ressanysincereemotions.Butshouldweblameteensforapplyingthishandytool?Perhapsit’sbetterseenastheusefulpr

acticeofavitalability.PennyPexman,apsycholinguistattheUniversityofCalgaryagreesanditisforthisreasonthatshehaspr

oducedSydneyGetsSarcastic,astorybookthatprovidesmultipleexamplesofsarcasmandthereasonsitwasused.Inarecentexperimenton5-to6-year-old

s,sheshowedthatchildrenwhoreadanddiscussedthestoryfounditeasiertodetectsarcasticstatementsinafollowingtest.8.WhydoestheauthorrefertoOscarW

ilde’swordsatthebeginningofthetext?A.Togiveadefinitionofsarcasm.B.Tostressthesignificanceofsarcasm.C.Toexpresshisconcernaboutsarcasm.D.Toshowthem

isunderstandingofsarcasm.9.WhatcanwelearnaboutsarcasticmemoriesfromLiHuang’sexperiment?A.Theytendedtostaylongwithparticipants.B.Theyoff

eredcluestotheproblemtobesolved.C.Theycouldforceparticipantstofaceproblems.D.Theycontributedgreatlytoparticipant’ssuccess.10.Whatmightparentsth

inkoftheirchildren’ssarcasm?A.Itshowstheirinnocence.B.Ithelpsthemexpressemotions.C.Itisnotappropriatefortheirage.D.Itallowsthemtobehavelik

eadults.11.What’stheauthor’spurposeinwritingthetext?A.Tourgeparentstolearnfromtheirchildren’ssarcasm.B.Toteachparentshowtorespondtotheirchildren’s

sarcasm.C.Toshowparentsthepositivesideoftheirchildren’ssarcasm.D.Toremindparentstoteachtheirchildrentousewordspro

perly.07【江苏省泰州中学2022-2023学年高三上学期期初调研考试】Sincetheearlytomid-2010s,socialmediaappshavemadeapermanenthomeinmanypeople’sphones,an

dspendingtimeonsocialmediahasbecomeasmuchofadailyactivityasdrinkingwater.Sincesomanypeopleareonitformuchoftheirdays—especia

llykids,teens,andyoungadults—thereisincreasedconcernoverwhatsocialmediaisdoingtopeople.Manyarguethatsocialmediaisanunhea

lthywaytopassthetime,andthatfalseinformationfromonlineiscausingconfusionandpanic.Thistypeofthinghappenswitheverygenerationwhensomethingnewth

atpeopledon’tunderstandcomesalong.Somanypeoplethoughtrock-and-rollwasmakingteensmorallybad,whichreallywasn’tthecase.Itisfairtosaythattheteen

ageyearsarehard,andthatteensneedanescape.Backbeforephones,teenswouldlistentorockmusicasaformofescapism,ortheywouldwatchTV,gotothemovies,skatea

round,ordressupincrazyclothes.Unfortunately,allofthosethingsatonepointintimewereblamedforbeingabadinfluenceonyoungpeople.Socialmediaisthenewtu

ck-and-roll:it’sanewthing,andpeopledemonize(妖魔化)change.Forexample,manybelievethateverythingonsocialmediaappsisfilte

red(加滤镜)andthatseeingperfectpeopleandtheirperfectlyeditedlivesoftenleadstolotsofnegativeemotions.However,models,magazinesandmovieshave

beenusingretouching(修整)toolsforphotosandmediasincePhotoshopandotherpost-productionserviceswereinvented.Socialmediahasmadeiteasiertoseemoreedite

dpictures,butsocialmediaitselfisn’tmakingpeoplewanttolookacertainway.Peopleshouldacknowledgethatthesepicture

saren’tauthentic,andthepostsaremadetolookgoodonpurpose.Socialmediaishottoblameforbodyconfidenceissueswhenthethingspeoplewanttolook

likearen’tevenrealinthefirstplace.Itseemslikemostissuesaroundsocialmediaareusererrors,likeanyonecomplainingtherearetoomanyp

eoplebeingaddictedtosocialmedia.However,noteveryoneisaddictedtosocialmedia;peoplewhohaveanygrasponrealitywouldn’tspe

ndeverywakingsecondonthephone.Itisreallyuptotheindividualhowtheyusesocialmedia.Keepingupwiththefloodofposts,stories,andphotostakesalotoftime—manyy

oungpeopleadmitthattheyspendhoursontheirphoneseveryday.Yet,thisseemslikeaneasyproblemtosolvewhenthesolutionissimplyclickingoffthephoneacouplehou

rsearly.Soitisclearthatmoderationisthekeytodealingwithalltheissuesaroundsocialmedia.12.Whydoestheauthormen

tion“rock-and-roll”inParagraph2?A.Topredictthefutureofsocialmedia.B.Tounderlinetheadvantagesofsocialmedia.C.Toanalyzewhysocialme

diaissopopulartoday.D.Toexplainwhysocialmediaisregardedasnegative.13.Whatdoestheauthorthinkofposting

editedphotosonsocialmediaapps?A.Disturbing.B.Understandable.C.Intolerable.D.Innovative.14.Whatdoesthetextsuggestpeopledoabout

socialmedia?A.Makethebestuseofit.B.Completelystayawayfromit.C.Prohibityoungpeoplefromusingit.D.Spendreasonableamountsoftimeonit.15.Whichofthefollowin

gisasuitabletitleforthetext?A.Whatmakesussoaddictedtosocialmedia?B.Whyissocialmediasopopularamongteenagers?C

.Shouldwedependonsocialmediaforinformation?D.Isitrighttoblamesocialmediaforalltheproblems?08【河北省邯郸市2022-2023学年高三上学期摸底考试】Toe

ffectivelyinteractwithhumansincrowdedsocialsettings,suchasmalls,hospitals,andotherpublicspaces,robotsshouldbeabletoactivelypart

icipateinbothgroupandone-to-oneinteractions.Mostexistingrobots,however,havebeenfoundtoperformmuchbetterwhencommunicatingwithi

ndividualusersthanwithgroupsofconversinghumans.HoomanHedayatiandDanielSzafir,tworesearchersatUniversityofNorthCarolinaatC

hapelHill,haverecentlydevelopedanewdata-driventechniquethatcouldimprovehowrobotscommunicatewithgroupsofhumans.Oneofthereasonsw

hymanyrobotsoccasionallymisbehavewhileparticipatinginagroupconversationisthattheiractionsheavilyrelyondatacollectedbytheirsensors.Sensors,howev

er,areprone(易于遭受)toerrors,andcansometimesbedisturbedbysuddenmovementsandobstaclesintherobot’ssurroundings.“Iftherobot’scameraismaskedbyanobstacl

eforasecond,therobotmightnotseethatperson,andasaresult,itignorestheuser,”Hedayatiexplained.“Basedonmyexperience,usersfindthesemisbehaviorsdisturbi

ng.Thekeygoalofourrecentprojectwastohelprobotsdetectandpredictthepositionofanundetectedpersonwithintheconversationalgroup.”Thetech

niquedevelopedbyHedayatiandSzafirwastrainedonaseriesofexistingdatasets.Byanalyzingthepositionsofotherspeakersinagroup,itc

anaccuratelypredictthepositionofanundetecteduser.Inthefuture,thenewapproachcouldhelptoenhancetheconversationalabilitiesofbothexistinga

ndnewlydevelopedrobots.Thismightinturnmakethemeasiertoserveinlargepublicspaces,includingmalls,hospitals,andotherpublicpl

aces.“Thenextstepforuswillbetoimprovethegazebehaviorofrobotsinaconversationalgroup.Peoplefindrobotswithabettergazebehaviormoreintellig

ent.Wewanttoimprovethegazebehaviorofrobotsandmakethehuman-robotconversationalgroupmoreenjoyableforhumans.”Hedayatisaid.8.Whatisthetechni

quedevelopedbyHedayatiandSzafirbasedon?A.Data.B.Cameras.C.Existingrobots.D.Socialsettings.9.Whatisma

inlytalkedaboutinParagraph2?A.Theworkingprocedureofrobots.B.Theabilityofrobotstocommunicate.C.Theexperienceoftheresearchers.D.Theshortcomingso

fexistingrobots.10.Whatwillhappenifarobot’scameraisblocked?A.Itwillstopworking.B.Itwillbreakdown.C.Itwillabu

seitsuser.D.Itwillmisbehave.11.Whatdoweknowaboutthenewdata-driventechnique?A.Itisconsideredafailure.B.Ithas

beenusedinmalls.C.Itgetssatisfactoryresult.D.Itonlyworkswithnewrobots.08【河北省邯郸市2022-2023学年高三上学期摸底考试】Newhigh-techshoesandinsoles(鞋垫)h

avebeendevelopedthatcanhelpelderly,sickanddisabledpeoplewalkwithoutfearoffallingover.UnveiledattheWearableTechnologyShowinLo

ndononTuesday,thePathFeelinsolesandPathFindershoesfromU.K.startupWalkWithPathprovidetactile(触觉的)andvisualfeedbacktoassistwalking.“Ifyouwalka

ndyoudon’thaveagoodfeelingoftheground,you’vegottobeverycareful,youkeepcheckingeverystep,youneedtolookatthegroundandseeho

wyouputyourlegontheground,”IddoWald,adesignengineeratWalkWithPath,tellsNewsweek.“Pathgivestheconfidenc

eneededtowalkwithoutfalling.”“Wehadapatientwhosuffersfromaspinalcordinjuryandactuallyhadnofeelingofthegroundatall

buthecouldfeelthevibration.It’sreallyexciting.”PressuresensorsinthePathFeelinsolesprovidetactilefeedbackthatshakesthewearer’sfeetandinformst

hemwhenitistouchingtheground.ThePathFindershoesaredesignedspecificallyforParkinson’spatientswhocan’twalksmoothly.Lasersproje

ctedoutoftheshoesinagreenlineaimtoprovidevisualcluestohelpthesuffererfocusonputtingonefootinfrontoftheother.AccordingtotheNationalPar

kinsonFoundation,38percentofpeoplewithParkinson’ssufferfromfallseachyear,whileAgeUKestimatesone-in-tenpeopleovertheageof65fallover.Thehopei

sthatboththeinsolesandtheshoescanhelpbringthosenumbersdown.Bothproductsarecurrentlyinthetestingstage,withseveralLondonuniversitiesconductingtrial

s.Earlytestshaveseensomeusersimprovedtheirwalkingbyover50percent.12.HowdothePathFeelinsoleswork?A.Byshakingthewearer’sfeet.B.Bygi

vingthewearersoundclues.C.Byrecordingthewearer’sdata.D.Bycountingthewearer’ssteps.13.Whatistheprobablemean

ingoftheunderlinedword“vibration”inParagraph4?A.Pain.B.Shake.C.Kick.D.Warmth.14.Whatdoweknowaboutthesmartshoes?A.Theyarepopularamongtheelderly.B.T

heyarebeingfurthertested.C.Theywillreplacenormalshoes.D.Theycanmonitorthewearer’shealth.15.Whatcanbethebesttitl

eofthistext?A.SmartShoesHaveHugeMarketProspectsB.SmartShoesHelpTreatParkinson’sDiseaseC.SmartShoesMakeWalk

ingMoreComfortableD.SmartShoesHelptheElderly,SickandDisabledWalk09【江苏省南京市2022-2023学年高三上学期期初考试】Plasticfish

ingnets,theso-calledghostnets,abandonedyearlyinthesea—about1milliontons—aremorethanjustrubbish;they’reakiller.Fish,seabirds,andtu

rtlesgetcaughtinthenettinganddie,withmorespeciesatrisk.Muchshockedatthis,PranveerSinghRathore,amaterials-scienceengineerandmateria

lsR&DmanageratSamsung,andhisteamsetthemselvesthetaskofgivingnewlifetothedeadlynets.Lastmonth,SamsungrevealedanewlineofGalaxyproductsma

deinpartfromrecycledplasticfishingnetsforthefirsttime.Thecompanyestimatesthisyearaloneitcanrecycleover50tonsofoce

an-boundplasticintothekeycomponentsthatwillgointoitssmartphones,tablets,andcomputers,thustakingabiteoutofth

eglobalghostnetsproblem.It’snosmalltasktogivewastefishingnetsasecondact.Thenetsaretypicallymadeofasubstancecallednylonwhichtendsto

dramaticallydegrade(降解)thelongeritsitsintheoceanandisexposedtothesun.“Thismakesitnearlyimpossibletouseabandonedfishingnetsdirectly,”Rat

horeexplains.Besides,high-performancesmartphone,tablet,orPChastobewaterproofandcansurvivesevereweather.Thenyloninthefishingnetsf

allsfarshortofthatlevelofdurability(耐用).Todealwiththatproblem,Samsunglastsummerteamedupwithtwopartners:onetocollectandtransformthenetsintotinynylonpe

llets(颗粒)whiletheothertostrengthentheirtoughnessanddurability.Theendresult:Thepartnershituponaneco-friendlyan

dhigh-performanceplasticmaterialthat’sbeingusedtobuildthecomponentpartsforitslatestlineofproducts.Forexample,twopartsoftheGalaxyS

22mobilephone—thekeybracketandtheinnercover—aremadeofthesefishing-netplasticmaterials.Samsungaimstouseevenmoreupcycledmateri

alsinfutureproductlines.“That’sthehopefortheglobeandourmission,”Rathoresmiles.8.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“this”inparagraph2referto?A.Rubbis

hinthesea.B.Recyclingthedeadlynets.C.Oceanspecies’extinction.D.Ghostnets’threattosealife.9.Whatisparagraph3mainlyabout?A.Thelowle

velofdurabilityofnylon.B.Thesecondactofwastefishingnets.C.Thegreatdifficultyinreusingghostnets.D.Thepositivecom

mentonSamsung’sproducts.10.WhatisspecialaboutSamsung’snewGalaxyproducts?A.Theyaremadefromtinynylonpellets.B.Theyputa

nendtotheproblemoffishingnets.C.Theycanstanduptowaterandsevereweather.D.Theycontainmaterialsrecycledfromghos

tnets.11.WhatcanwelearnaboutRathore’swork?A.Itmakesplasticeasiertobreakdown.B.ItmarkstheshiftofSamsung’smission.C.Itprotectstheplanetfromchok

ingonplastic.D.Itraisespublicawarenessofoceanexploration.09【江苏省南京市2022-2023学年高三上学期期初考试】Tofigureoutifwecandieofbore

dom,wefirsthavetounderstandwhatboredomis.Forhelp,IcalledJamesDanckert,apsychologistwhostudiesboredomattheUniversityofWaterlooinCan

ada.“Alotofpeoplethinkaboutbeingboredasbeinglazy.Andit’sabsolutelynotthat,”hesays.“Boredpeoplewanttobeengagedwiththeirworld,eage

rtodosomethingsatisfyingandexciting.Butanyattempttodosoisfailing.”Thatmeansboredomisusuallyveryupsetting.Anditcanhavephysicalconsequences.Inoneofh

isexperiments,Danckertmadepeopleextremelyboredbyshowingthemavideooftwopeoplehangingclothestodry.Hefoundthatwhenpeoplegotbored

,theirheartsbeatfasterandtheirlevelsofahormonecalledcortisol(皮质醇)wentup,comparedtowhentheywatchedanoth

ervideothatmadethemsad.Thesephysicalchangesweresignsthatboredomwasstressingthemout.“It’snotlikehavingafull-onpanicattack,”Danckertsays.Butit’scerta

inlyenoughtomakeboredomunpleasant.Let’scomebacktoifboredomcankillyou.Backinthe1980s,scientistsaskedpeoplewhoworkedforthe

Britishgovernmentawholebunchofquestions,includinghowboredtheyfeltintheirdailylives.Thestudytrackedtheparticipantsovertim

e.Whenanyoneofthemdied,thesurveyrecordedthecauseofdeath.In2010,tworesearchersmatchedupthesecausesofdeathwiththeparticipants’levelofb

oredom.Itturnedoutthatpeoplewhosaidtheyweremoreboredwerealsomorelikelytohavediedofheartdisease.“Weknowthatprolongedexpo

suretostressisbadforyourhealth,”Danckertsays.Asingleboringdaycan’tkillyou.Butifyou’realwaysbored,thestresscouldaddupintosomethingd

angerous.“Ohno,”youmightbethinking.“Schoolisboring,myfriendsareboring,everythingisboring!What’sgoingtoha

ppentome?”Don’tworry,Danckertsays:“Asyougetolder,yougetlessbored,”mainlybecauseyougainmoreindependenceandhavetogetbusytoachieveyourlong-termgoals

.Andtrustme:that’sanythingbutboring.12.AccordingtoJamesDanckert,peoplefeelboredbecause________.A.theyaretoolazytodoanythingB.theycan’t

gainexcitementinlifeC.theyaretoofrightenedtohaveatryD.theycan’tfullyunderstandboredom13.Whatcanwelearnfromparagraph2

?A.Doinghouseworkwillmakepeoplebored.B.People’sheartrateincreaseswithboredom.C.Physicalchangescanleadtoextremeboredom

.D.Watchingsomethingsadisaboringexperience.14.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“prolonged”inparagraph3mean?A.Continued.B.Repeat

ed.C.Sudden.D.Active.15.WhatdoesDanckertrecommendtosavepeoplefromboredom?A.Dependingonfriends.B.Settinglong-termgoals.C.Keepingyourselfoccupied.D.Tru

stingpeoplearoundyou.10【湖南省部分校教育联盟2022-2023学年高三上学期入学摸底测】Jeweler,makinganameforherselfinEurope,findsheruniquecraftsma

nshipisattractingagrowingaudience,ChinaDailyreports.OnMarch15,theacademiccommitteeofTheMuseumofDecorativeArtsi

nParishelditsannualroundtableconferencetoexpanditscollection.Itwasrare,but12expertsallagreedonwelcomingFeuill

edeGinkgo,thecreationofFengJi,intothemuseumaspartofthepermanentcollection.TheartworkhasbeenshowntothepublicsincethemiddleofApril.Thisisthefirstt

imethatajewelryartistfromtheChinesemainlandhasbeenrecognizedbyanationalmuseuminEurope,andattheageof36,Fenghasbecometheyoungestjewelr

yartistwhoseworkwasincludedinthepermanentcollectionofthiscenturies-oldartpalace.TheinspirationofFeuilledeGinkgocomesfromajou

rneytoJardindeGiverny,thebotanicalgardenthatinspiredClaudeMonet.“Iwassoenchantedbythespeciesofallexoticplantsand

thelayoutofthegarden.EventhedreamIhadtheregavemelotsofideas,”saysFeng.EvelynePosseme,executivedirectorofthemuseum,praised:“Thetalentoftheyoungart

istimpressedmesomuchthatwecouldn’tmissthisFeuilledeGinkgo.Comparingtothecenturies-oldartworksthatarepreviouslycollectedbythemuseum,Feng’suniqueartis

ticstylesymbolizesthefutureofjewelry.”Inherjewelry,createdwithbotanicalelementssuchasginkgoleaves,taroliliesanddahli

as,peoplecanseeheradaptationoftheclassicnaturalisticstyle,astylethatoriginatedintheearly19thcenturywhenjewel

erswereinfluencedbythedevelopmentofarchaeology,botanyandtheRomanticpoetstoincorporatedecorativepatternsofplantsandfruits

intotheirjewelry.AsthefirstjewelryartistfromtheChinesemainlandwhogotinvited,sheisreadytoshowhercreation

atParisAntiquesBiennaleinthecomingNovember.Preparetheworldtobeshocked.28.Whatcanbeinferredfromthepassage?A.Itwasthefirsttimeforthat

Museumtoholdtheroundtableconference.B.AlltheexpertsdonotagreeonwhethertoacceptthecreationofFeng.C.Feng’smasterpiecebecameacollectionofthat

Museuminherthirties.D.TheartworkcreatedbyFenghasbeenondisplaysinceMarch15th.29.Whichofthefollowingcanbestreplacetheunderlinedword“enchanted”

?A.puzzledB.fascinatedC.shockedD.discouraged30.WhatisthepurposeofmentioningEvelynePosseme?A.Topresentthetalentofyo

ungartists.B.Tocomparewiththeold-fashionedartwork.C.Topredictthefutureofthejewelrydesign.D.Tostressthesignificance

ofFeng’screation.31.Whatismostlikelytobediscussedafterthelastparagraph?A.Hernewestartworkforthecomingexhibition.B.Jewelryartistsfromthemainlan

dofChina.C.InvitedguestsfortheParisAntiquesBiennale.D.Feng’sstrongdesiretotouraroundtheworld.10【湖南省部分校教育联盟202

2-2023学年高三上学期入学摸底测】Despitethefactthatpeoplecan’tremembermuchbeforetheageof2or3,researchsuggeststhatinfant

s(婴儿)canformmemories—justnotthekindsofmemoriesyoutellaboutyourself.Infact,therearelotsofdifferentkindsofmemoriesbesi

desthosethatareautobiographical.Therearesemanticmemories,ormemoriesoffacts,likethenamesfordifferentvarietiesofapp

les,orthecapitalofyourhomestate.Therearealsoproceduralmemories,ormemoriesforhowtoperformanaction,likeopeningyourfrontdoorordrivi

ngacar.But,ifinfantscanformmemoriesintheirfirstfewmonths,whydon’tpeoplerememberthingsfromthatearlieststageoflife?Itstillisn’tclearwhe

therpeopleexperienceinfantilelossofmemorybecausewecan’tformautobiographicalmemories,orwhetherwejusthavenowaytoret

akethem.Nooneknowsforsurewhat’sgoingon,butscientistshaveafewguesses.Oneisthatautobiographicalmemoriesrequireyoutohavesomesenseo

fself.Youneedtobeabletothinkaboutyourbehaviorwithrespecttohowitrelatestoothers.Researchershavetestedthisabilityinthepastusingamirrorrec

ognitiontaskcalledtherouge(胭脂)test.Itinvolvesmarkingababy’snosewithaspotofredlipstickorblush—or“rouge”ast

heysaidinthe1970swhenthetaskwascreated.Thenresearchersplacetheinfantinfrontofamirror.Infantsyoungerthan18monthsjustsmileatthecutebabyin

thereflection,notshowinganyevidencethattheyrecognizethemselvesortheredmarkontheirface.Between18and24months,

toddlerstouchtheirownnose,evenlookingembarrassed,suggestingthattheyconnectthereddotinthemirrorwiththeirownface—theyhavesomesenseofself.Anot

herpossibleexplanationisthatbecauseinfantsdon’thavelanguageuntillaterinthesecondyearoflife,theycan’tformnarrativesab

outtheirownlivesthattheycanlaterrecall.Finally,thehippocampus,whichistheregionofthebrainthat’slargelyresponsibleformemory,isn’tfullydeve

lopedintheinfancyperiod.32.Whatcouldbethesuitabletitleforthepassage?A.Whethercaninfantsformmemories?B.Howcanpeoplerecalltheirstageof2or3?C.Why

couldn’tinfantskeeptheirearlymemories?D.Whichpartofbrainisresponsibleformemorizing?33.Whywastherougetestcarriedout?A.Totellthedifferencebetweenbabies

ofcertainages.B.Toexaminebabies’abilitytorecognizethemselves.C.Toexperimentbabies’actionofusingtherouge.D.Toidentifytheint

eractionbetweenbabiesandtheirreflections.34.Whichofthefollowingwouldscientistsprobablydisagreewith?A.Babiescanformautobiographicalmemories

attheageof2or3.B.Thehippocampushasn’tbeenwell-developedintheinfancyperiod.C.Oneofthecausesofinfantilelossofmemoryislackofselfrecognition.D.Babiesb

efore2can’trecalltheearlymemorybyusinglanguagesmoothly.35.Whichsectionofamagazineisthispassageprobablytakenfr

om?A.Health.B.Entertainment.C.Lifestyle.D.Science.11【河北省名校联盟2022-2023学年高三上学期开学考试】Onethingthatsetscyclingapartfrommosto

thersportsattheOlympicsistechnology.Withtheexceptionofafewothersports,suchassailingandrowing,mosteventsthattake

placeattheSummerGamesusuallyjustcomedowntotheperformancesoftheathletes.Theytrytoswimandrunfaster,jumpandclimbhigher,l

iftandhitwithmorestrength.Incycling,thecompetitionissoclose-oftenahundredthofasecondseparatesriders-thatthedifferenceinwinningandlosingcanbefo

undinthechain,thewheels,andeventhehelmetthattheychoosetowear.ThatiswhytheUSteammadeheadlinesatRio2016OlympicsGames,whenitrolledoutanewbikedesig

nthatmovedtheentiredrivechainfromtherightsidetotheleft.Itmightnotcatchtheattentionoftheaveragebicyclists,whoprobablydon’tevennoticewhichsidethedrivec

hainisontheirownbikes.ButitcausedplentyofoutcryfromtheOlympicCommittee,sinceOlympicrulesstatethatanybikeuse

dincompetitionmustbemadeavailabletothepublic.ButtheAmericanbike-makerFeltBicyclesonlysoldthenewbikestotheAmericanteam.Theprice?$25,999perbike.Thenthe

Britishadoptedamoretactful(圆滑的)strategy.ItteamedupwithbikemakerHopeTechnologytocreatesomethingextremelyexpensivefortheTokyoOlympicsGa

mesthisyear.Theframealonesellsforabout$23,500.Another$12,000forthewheels.Throwingintheexpensivesuits,oilforchains,andsunglassesan

dshoes,theinvestmentneededtocompeteforacyclingmedalcanbealmostunaffordableformostoftheathletes.8.Whichgamedependslessheavilyontechn

ology?A.Sailing.B.Rowing.C.Jumping.D.Cycling.9.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“outcry”inparagraph2mostprobablymean?A.Criticism.B.Praise.C.Excitement.D

.Curiosity.10.Whatcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraph?A.TheBritishathletesenjoyunfairadvantages.B.HopeTechnologyismorewillingt

ohelpall.C.HopeTechnologywantstosavemoremoney.D.TheBritishteamhasbrokentheOlympicrules.11.Inwhichsect

ionofanewspapermaythistextappear?A.Politics.B.Sports.C.Advertisement.D.Economy.11【河北省名校联盟2022-2023学年高三上学期开学考试】Ba

ckinthe1980swhenmonkeypox(猴痘)wasstillanextremelyraredisease,scientistskeptwarning:Overtime,themonkeypoxoutbreakswill

increase.Atthattime,therewereonlyabout50monkeypoxcasesayearinWestandCentralAfricawherepeoplecaughtthediseasemainlyfromdirectcontactwithwildani

mals.Infectionbetweenhumanswasverylimited.Butin2022,theworldisfacingthefirstinternationaloutbreak,withmore

than5,000casesreportedin44countrieswithinsixmonths.Sohowcouldthescientistsknowinthe1980sthatmonkeypoxwouldgrowinsizeand

spreadinternationally?Theirwarningswerebasedonthesuccessfulcampaignagainstsmallpox(天花),oneofthedeadli

estdiseasesinhumanhistory,whichkilledupto30%ofthepeopleinfected.Thankstoaworldwidecampaign,smallpoxdisappearedinthelate1970s.However,the

endofsmallpoxopenedthedoorformonkeypoxtoemerge.Monkeypox,whosepresentversionkillslessthan1%ofpeopleinfected,iscloselyrelatedtosmallpox.Hav

ingasmallpoxinfection-orasmallpoxvaccine(疫苗)-offersreallygoodprotectionagainstsmallpoxaswellasmonkeypox.Perhapsabout85%protection.Butinthelate19

70s,theworldstoppedvacciningpeopleforsmallpox.Sooverthepastdecades,humanresistancetosmallpoxandmonkeypoxhasdroppedsharply.“We’reactuallyatapoi

ntwhereourimmunityagainstmonkeypoxisthelowestinthousandsofyears,”saysJoWalkeroftheYaleSchoolofPublicH

ealth.Withoutsomeresistanceagainstthedisease,peoplearemorelikelytocatchmonkeypoxfromanimalsandspreadittosomeoneelse.Soitist

imethatpeoplewhomightcomeintocontactwithinfectedpeoplewerevaccinedformonkeypox.Otherwise,itcouldbecomeapermanentpresenceintheworl

d,sinceeverytimethere’sanoutbreakthevirushasachancetofigureouthowtospreadmorequicklyamongpeople.Indeed,thisnewoutbreakinEuropemaybeas

ignthatthevirushaschanged-evenifjustabit-andmaybeincreasingitsabilitytospreadamongpeople.12.Whatcanbelearneda

boutmonkeypox?A.Itcanbemoredangerousthansmallpox.B.Itrarelyspreadfromanimalstohumans.C.Theoutbreakswerenotse

riousinthe1980s.D.Scientistsaresurprisedbythepresentoutbreaks.13.Whatdoesparagraph4mainlyfocuson?A.Thecauseofthepresentoutbreaks.B.Thedisappearan

ceofsmallpox.C.Thepotentialdangerofsmallpox.D.Thetreatmentofmonkeypox.14.WhatmightJoWalkerstronglyadvisegovernment

stodo?A.Killalltheinfectedwildanimals.B.Developaspecialvaccinefortreatment.C.Lockdowntheinfectedcountries.D.Vaccineth

oseinpossiblecontactwiththeinfected.15.Whatistheauthor’sattitudetothepresentoutbreakinEurope?A.Skeptical.

B.Worried.C.Overjoyed.D.Uncaring.