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2023届高三英语名校新题快递--开学考试专辑专题03阅读理解之说明文原卷版01【山东省济南市2022-2023学年高三开学摸底考试】EverysummerartistsperformatFringe(边缘)Festivalsaround

theworld.FringeFestivalsareacelebrationofstrangeart.Theyhaveallkindsofperformers—fromdancers,musiciansandactorstoeverythinginbetween.The

showsgiveartistsachancetocreateunusualart.Forfestivalgoers,eachshowisatimetoexperiencesomethingdifferent.ThefirstFring

eFestivalwasheldinEdinburgh,Scotlandin1947.ThatwasalsotheyearofthefirstEdinburghInternationalFestival.Artistsfromaroundtheworldtra

veledtoScotlandfortheEdinburghInternationalFestival.Theyperformedatartscentersthroughoutthecity.Eightlocaltheatercompaniesdid

notreceiveaninvitation,however.Inresponse,theyperformedatsmallerspacesaroundEdinburgh.Theseartistsperformedwherevertheycould,includingchurches

andevenonthestreet.TheystartedtheirownculturaleventandnamedittheEdinburghFestivalFringe.Whatstartedasanalternativetothemainstreamhasnowbecometheworld

’slargestartsfestival.Today,therearehundredsofFringeFestivalstakingplacearoundtheworld.TheoneinWashington,D.C.,calledtheCapitalFring

eFestival,isinitstenthyear.ItwasheldinthemonthofJuly.JulianneBrienzafoundedtheCapitalFringeFestival.Shewenttoaschoolfortheperformin

garts,butnowseesherselfmainlyasanorganizerofthefestival.Brienzabelievesthatfringeperformanceartisspecialandcanhaveapowerfuleffect.The

CapitalFringeFestivaltakesplaceindifferentlocationsthroughouttheD.C.area.Someperformanceshappenintradit

ionaltheaters.Othershappeninunusualsettingslikeold,emptybuildingsorstoresafterbusinesshoursareover.Br

ienzasaysthepurposeofFringefestivalsistoexplorethelimitsofartinuniqueenvironments.Since2006,theeventhasmad

emorethan$1.7million.ItisthesecondlargestFringeFestivalintheU.S.anditspopularityhasgrowneveryyear.TheEdinburghFestivalFringec

ontinuesthroughoutthemonthofAugust.8.WhomaybeinterestedinFringeFestivals?A.Strangeartlovers.B.Professionalartists.C.

Classicalmusicians.D.Traditionalculturesupporters.9.WhatdoesParagraph2mainlytalkabout?A.WhyEdinburghbecametheglobalartcenter.B.Howthefirst

FringeFestivalcameintobeing.C.WhentheEdinburghInternationalFestivalwasheld.D.WheretheEdinburghFestivalFr

ingewascelebrated.10.WhatcanweknowabouttheCapitalFringeFestival?A.Itistheworld’slargestartsfestival.B.Itha

snofixedplacesforcelebration.C.Itcanneverbeacceptedbythepublic.D.Ithasalongerhistorythanotherfestivals.11.WhichofthefollowingmayBrien

zaprobablyagreeaboutFringeFestivals?A.Theyraisepeople’sloveoffestivals.B.Theylimitthedevelopmentofar

ts.C.Formalartsarelookeddownupon..Chancesareofferedtounusualarts.01【山东省济南市2022-2023学年高三开学摸底考试】Somescientists

havetracedtheincreaseinearthquakes,especiallyinareasnotknownforthepresenceoffaultlinesorpastseismic(地震的)activity,tohumanactions.T

heideaofhumanscausingearthquakesmayseemstrangeatfirst.Afterall,youcanrunaroundyourbackyardandjumpupanddownasyouwant,andthegroundisn’tgoingtostartsh

aking.However,scientistshaveidentifiedavarietyoflargescalehumanactivitiesthatcanresultinearthquakes.Scientistshaveconfirmedover7

00placeswherehumanactivitieshavecausedearthquakesoverthelastcentury.Whilemanyhuman-relatedearthquakesaremildanddon’tcausemuc

hdamage,someofthemcanbeseriousanddangerous.Infact,scientistsbelievehumanactivityhascausedearthquakeswithmagnitude

sashighas7.9ontheRichterscale.Scientistsbelievemosthuman-relatedearthquakesaretheresultofmining.Ascompaniesdrilldeep

eranddeeperbelowEarth’ssurfacetogetnaturalresources,holesleftbehindcancauseinstabilitythatleadstocollapsesthatcauseearthqua

kes.Anotherhumanactivityleadingtoearthquakesisfracking(水力压裂)foroilandgas,includingthehighpressurewastewaterproce

ssingthatusuallygoeswithfracking.Inthisprocess,water,sandandchemicalsarepressedundergroundunderhighpressuretobreakrockstoreleasenaturalre

sources.Buildinglargedamscanalsocauseearthquakes.Forexample,about80,000peoplediedinChinain2008asaresultofa7.9-magn

itudeearthquakecausedby320milliontonsofwaterthathadbeencollectedintheZipingpuReservoirafteralargedamwasbuiltoveraknownfaultli

ne.Thesearen’ttheonlyhumanactivitiesthatcanresultinearthquakes,though.Scientistspointoutthatearthquakescanalsobecausedbyotherhumanactivities

,suchasconstructionofskyscrapersandnuclearexplosions.12.Whatdoestheunderlinedpart“faultlines”inParagraph1refer

to?A.Regionswithactivehumanactions.B.Placesassociatedwithnaturalbalance.C.Zoneswherenaturalresourcesarerich.D.Areaswhereearthquakestend

tohappen.13.Whatdominingandoilproducinghaveincommon?A.Theybreakthebalanceofnature.B.Theydestroythestabilityofrocks.C.Theyusehighpressuretogetres

ources.D.TheydomuchdamagetoEarth’ssurface.14.WhatcanbeinferredfromParagraph4?A.The2008earthquakeistheworsti

nhistory.B.Constructionofdamsshouldbestopped.C.Tonsofwatermustcauseearthquakes.D.Thelocationofadammattersmuch.15.What

doesthetextmainlytellus?A.Naturepunisheshumansbymeansofearthquakes.B.Progresshasbeenmadeonearthquakeresearch

.C.Humansaretoblameforsomeearthquakes.D.Earthquakesarenolongernature-made.02【湖南省长沙市长郡中学2022-2023学年高三上学期入学考试】Alargebodyofresearchh

asbeendevelopedinrecentyearstoexplainmanyaspectsofwillpower.Mostoftheresearchersexploringself-controldosowithanobviousgoalinmind:Howcanwillpowerb

estrengthened?Ifwillpoweristrulyalimitedresource,astheresearchsuggests,whatcanbedonetomakeitstaystrong?Avoidingtemptation(诱惑)isaneffectivemethodf

ormaintainingself-control,whichiscalledthe“outofsight,outofmind”principle.Onerecentstudy,forinstance,

foundofficeworkerslessattractedtocandyinthedeskdrawerthanthatontopoftheirdesks,inplainsight.Theresearchs

uggestingthatwepossessalimitedreservoirofself-controlraisesatroublingquestion.Whenwefacetoomanytemptations,arewetofail?Notnecessarily.Researche

rsdon’tbelievethatone’swillpowerisevercompletelyexhausted.Rather,peopleappeartoholdsomewillpowerinreserve,savedforfuturedemands.Therightmotivationall

owsustotapintothosereserves,allowingustocarryonevenwhenourself-controlstrengthhasbeenrundown.Highmotivationmighthelpove

rcomeweakenedwillpower-atleasttoapoint.Willpowermayalsobemadelessvulnerable（脆弱）tobeingexhaustedinthefirstplace.Researcherswhostudyself-controlof

tendescribeitasbeinglikeamusclethatgetstiredwithheavyuse.Butthereisanotheraspecttothemusclecomparison,theysay.Whilemusclesbecom

eexhaustedbyexerciseintheshortterm,theyarestrengthenedbyregularexerciseinthelongterm.Similarly,regularpracticesofself-controlmayimprovewillpower

strength.Theevidencefromwillpower-exhaustionstudiesalsosuggeststhatmakingalistofresolutionsonNewYear’sEveistheworstpo

ssibleapproach.Beingexhaustedinoneareacanreducewillpowerinotherareas,soitmakesmoresensetofocusonasinglegoalatatime.Inothe

rwords,don’ttrytoquitsmoking,adoptahealthydietandstartanewexerciseplanatthesametime.Takinggoalsonebyoneisabette

rapproach.Onceagoodhabitisinplace,Baumeistersays,you’llnolongerneedtodrawonyourwillpowertomaintainthebehavior.Eventuallyhealthyh

abitswillbecomeroutine,andwon’trequiremakingdecisionsatall.8.Fromthestudiesinthepassagewelearnthat.A.peoplehaveunl

imitedself-controlB.highmotivationensuresone’ssuccessC.willpowerishardlycompletelyexhaustedD.toomanytemp

tationsoftenleadtofailure9.Theunderlinedphrase“tapinto”inParagraph3mostprobablymeans.A.makeuseofB.runouto

fC.buildD.increase10.Theauthorcomparesself–controltomuscles.A.toprovethelong-termeffectofwillpowerB.toshowthesignificanceofregularexerciseC.toargueth

atself-controlcanbeeasilyusedupD.toexplainthebenefitsofpracticingself-control11.Todevelopagoodhabit,whichofthefollowingdoestheauthorprefer?A.“Iwi

llgiveupdessertanddoexercise.”B.“Iwillsetthreegoalsthisnewsemester.”C.“IwillreadanEnglishnoveleverym

onth.”D.“Iwillkeepmyselffromanytemptation.”02【湖南省长沙市长郡中学2022-2023学年高三上学期入学考试】MidwaythroughTheMatrix,Cypherfeastsonanenormous

steak,wellawarethathisrealityisnotreal,partofadigitalprogramtellinghisbrainthatthesteakisaconstructionandthatitis“juicyanddelicious.”Twod

ecadesafterthemoviemadeitsfirstappearance,somethingunexpectedarises:Thefutureofrealitywillnotonlybevirtual

butalsosynthetic(合成的).Cypher’sfuturemealwillbeaphysicalone,synthesizedfromanimalcells.Andthesynthesisgoesbey

onddinner.Startingwithcomponentsfromthenaturalworld,scientistsarelearningtoengineermicroorganismsandbuildbiocomputingsystems.However,biologyhasatende

ncytoevolveinunexpectedways.Synthesizedmeatisonecaseinpoint.Thedrivingforcesbehindthemeatmovementarepractical.Ithasbeenestimatedthatcultured(培

育的)meatwouldrequire7to45percentlessenergyandproduce78to96percentlessgreenhousegasthanconventionalanimalsfarmedforconsumptio

n.Butoncewe’reabletosynthesizemeat,theoretically,we’llhavethecapabilitytoculturemeatfromanyanimal,even

thosewe’dneverconsidereatingtoday,likedolphinsorchimpanzees,whichwillposeanewregulatorychallengeforus.Usingsyntheticbiology,wecaneveneditandrewritel

ife,thetechnologyofwhicharealreadyinuse.In2021,scientistsinsomecountriesannouncedtheyhadgrownmonkeyembryosinject

edwithhumanstemcells.Herecomesthesituationworthconsidering:suchamonkey-humanhybridwilldemonstratequalitiesthataresome

wherebetweenhumans,onwhichexperimentationisn’tallowed,andanimals,whichareoftenraisedspecificallyforresearch.Howwillwede

cidewhenananimalbecomestoohuman?Dependingonwhereyoustand,thesyntheticrealitieslandsomewherebetween“reallyexciting”and“cr

iticallyconcerning.”Asindividuals,weundertakeasharedresponsibilitytomakegoodchoicesaboutthiscomingsynthetictechnology.12.WhatdoweknowaboutCypher’

ssteakinthemovie?A.Itisanythingbutappetizing.B.Itisenjoyedinavirtualworld.C.Itissynthesizedfromanimalcell.D.Itisaconstructionmad

ebyhimself.13.What’stheadvantageofsynthesizedmeat?A.Itismorenutritious.B.Itismoreenergy-consuming.C.Itismoreenvironment-friendly.D.Itismorecon

trollableinregulation.14.Whatistheauthor’sattitudetotheexperimentinParagraph4?A.Cautious.B.Favorable.C.P

essimistic.D.Indifferent.15.Whatisthepurposeofthetext?A.Topopularizesynthetictechnology.B.Toindicatechall

engesofsynthetictechnology.C.Tostresstheimportanceofsynthetictechnology.D.Tointroducethedevelopmentofsynthetictech

nology.03【广东省2022-2023学年新高三开学大联考】QueenElizabethII’sfaceisoneverynoteandcoinintheUnitedKingdom,butstilllittleisknownabouthowmuchmoneys

hehaspersonally,howshegetsitandwhostandstoinherit(继承)it.WhatwedoknowfrompublicrecordsisthattheQueenreceivesatleas

t$20millioninannualincomethroughherprivateestate,andanother100milliondollarsfromtheUKgovernmenteachyear.Thefirstthingtounderstandistha

ttheQueen’sincomecomesfrombothpublicandprivatepossessions.AlargeamountofitcomesfromsomethingcalledtheSovereignGran

t.Here’showthatworks.Inthe1700s,themonarchy(王室)handedoverincomefromlandtothegovernmentknownastheCrownEstate.Eachyearthegovernmentpaysapercentageoft

heprofitsmadeonthosepossessionsbacktothemonarchy.ThatannualincomeisknownastheSovereignGrant.Lastyearit

totaledmorethan$107million.AnditisusedtofundtheQueen’sofficialdutiesandmaintainroyalresidenceslikeBuckinghamPalace.Butevenifwecan’tidentifyherexa

ctworth,theroyalfinancesarelookinghealthyastheQueencelebratesher70thQueenCeremony.TheSundayTimesRichLi

stestimatedtheQueen’snetworthis$466million,up$6.2milliondollarsfromlastyear.AndwhiletheDuchyofLancas

tersawUKincomedropduringthepandemic,accordingtoitsfinancialrecords,theQueen’sincomehasbeenturningupwardsoverthepas

tdecade.Anyway,themonarchyisaprivatefamily,andtheyareunlikelytoshareanydetailsoftheirwealthwiththeBritishpublic,andthat

probablywon’tchangeanytimesoon.8.HowdoestheQueengetherincome?A.FromtheCrownEstate.B.FromtheSovereignGrant.C

.Fromthemonarchyandthegovernment.D.Fromthegovernmentandprivatepossessions.9.What’sthemainideaofParagrap

h4?A.HowtheQueen’sincomeiscalculated.B.Howthemonarchycooperateswiththegovernment.C.HowtheSovereignGrantworksandwhatthemoneyisusedfor.D.Howthemonarc

hygetspaidandwhattheQueen’sofficialdutiesare.10.WhatcanbeinferredabouttheQueen’sincomefromParagraph5?A.Itcanbeexactlyidentified.B.Itdecreasesduringth

epandemic.C.Itismorethanthatfromlastyear.D.ItismorethanthatoftheUKgovernment.11.Whichsectionmaythetextbetakenfrom?

A.Health.B.History.C.Education.D.Economy.03【广东省2022-2023学年新高三开学大联考】Areyousleepingrestlessly,forgettinglittlethings,andfeeli

ngdepressedandlonely?Don’tworry.We’veallbeenthere.You’reprobablyjuststressedout.Stressisn’talwaysabad

thing.Itcanbehandyforaburstofextraenergyandfocus,likewhenyou’replayingacompetitivesport,orhavetospeakinpublic.Butwhenit’scontinuo

us,thekindofsituationmostofusfacedaily,itactuallybeginstochangeyourbrain.Chronic(长期的)stress,likebeingoverwo

rkedorhavingargumentsathomefrequently,canaffectbrainsize,itsstructure,andhowitfunctions,rightdowntoth

elevelofyourgenes.Aslevelsofcortisol(皮质醇)rise,electricsignalsinyourhippocampus(海马体),thepartofthebrainassociatedwithlearning,memories,andst

resscontrol,decline.Whenthehippocampusweakens,sodoesyourabilitytocontrolyourstress.That’snotall,though.Cortisolcanlite

rallycauseyourbraintogetsmallerinsize.Toomuchofitresultsintheshrinkingofthepartofyourbrainthatregulatesbehaviorslikeconcentration,deci

sion-making,judgement,andsocialinteraction.Italsoleadstofewernewbraincellsbeingmadeinthehippocampus.Thisme

anschronicstressmightmakeitharderforyoutolearnandrememberthings,andalsosetthestageformoreseriousmentalproblems,likedepressionandeventuallyAlzhe

imer’sdisease.It’snotallbadnews,though.Therearemanywaystochangewhatcortisoldoestoyourstressedbrain.The

mostpowerfulweaponsareexerciseandgettingintodeepthoughts,whichinvolvesbreathingdeeplyandbeingawareandfocusedonyoursurroundings.Bothoftheseac

tivitiesdecreaseyourstressandincreasethesizeofthehippocampus,andthereforeyourmemoryimproves.Sodon’tfeeldefeatedbythepressuresofdailylife.Getcontro

lofyourstressbeforeittakescontrolofyou.12.Onwhichoccasioncanstressbeagoodthing?A.Whenmakingdecisions.B.Whendeliveringaspeech.C.Whenbeinginde

epthought.D.Whenforgettinglittlethings.13.Whatmayinfluenceyourgenes’levelaccordingtothetext?A.Havingchronicstress.B.Playingcompetitivesports.C.W

orkingovertimelastFriday.D.Havingafightwithyourbrother.14.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“It”refertoinParagraph6?A.Relevantbehavior.B.Toomuchcortisol.C

.Socialinteraction.D.Thesmallerbraininsize.15.Whichofthefollowingcanbeagoodwaytorelievestress?A.Sleepingalot.B.Doingsportsregularly.C.Changingthecor

tisol.D.Havingsocialinteraction.04【山东省日照市2022-2023学年高三上学期第一次校际联考】EveryyearfromMaytoJuly,tensofthousandsofTibetanantelopesfromregionsinQi

nghai,Tibetautonomousregion,andXinjiangautonomousregionmaketheirwaytoHohXilnaturereserveinQinghaitogivebirth.ThemothersandnewbornTibetan

antelopesmakethereturntriparoundAugust.Thisjourneyisrathertough.Morethan90percentofthefemaleanimalsgiv

ebirtheveryyear,butonlyabout30percentofthenewbornssurvive.Manyofthemdieonthereturnjourney,unabletowithstandthepredat

ors(捕食性动物)anddisease.Thegovernmenthasadoptedsomehigh-techmethodstoassistinthesafereturnofnewbornantelopesandprotectthespecies.In2013,withthehelp

oftheBeiDouNavigationSatelliteSystem,researchersdiscoveredandconfirmedthelargestTibetanantelope“birth

room”ontheQinghai-TibetPlateau,andtheymappedthemigrationroutesofTibetanantelopes.Sincelate2018,asolar-powereddronehasbeenusedtomonitorthemigratio

nherds.“Thesolar-powereddronehasalongflyingtimewithhigh-resolutioncameras,whichgivesusanewunderstandingofma

nyspecificroutesduringthemigrationofTibetanantelopes,”saidWuXiaomin,anexpertfromtheShaanxiInstituteofZoolo

gy.“Forexample,thenomads(牧民)putfencesonthegrasslandtoprotectthegrass,butsometimesthesehinderthenormalactivityoftheTibetana

ntelopes.”ToclearthewayfortheTibetanantelopes,thegovernmentoftheTibethastakenactioninrecentyearstogivemoreprotectedspace

towildlife.Theyrelocatenomadsfromplacesataltitudesabove4,800meterstootherplacesintheregion.Knownas“plateauelves”,Tibetanantelopeshaveadapt

edtotheuniqueandseverenaturalconditionsoftheQinghai-TibetPlateau.AccordingtoWu,theTibetanantelopeisrecognizedasanimportantindicatorspeciesofthen

aturalecosystem.ThepopulationofTibetanantelopeshasgrown.“Witharecordedlowpopulationoffewerthan20,000inQinghai,thenumberhasnowreachedover70,

000,”saidformerQinghaigovernorXinChangxingataneventtomarkWorldEnvironmentDay.8.WhatcanwelearnaboutTibetanantelopes?A.TheytraveltoHohXiltofin

dpartners.B.Only30percentofthemgivebirtheveryyear.C.TheiryearlytriptoHohXiltakesaboutonemonth.D.Thenewbornsarethreatenedbydiseasesandpre

dators.9.Whatisthesolar-powereddronemainlyusedfor?A.LocatingtheTibetanantelope“birthroom”.B.RecordingTibetanantelopes’dailyactivities.C.Watchingo

verthemigratingTibetanantelopes.D.MappingthemigrationroutesofTibetanantelopes.10.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“hinder”inparagraph3probablymean?A

.Payattentionto.B.Causetroublefor.C.Takecontrolof.D.Playanimportantrolein.11.HowdoesthegovernmentprotectTibetanantelop

es?A.Byexpandingtheareaofreserve.B.Bydrivingawaytheirpredators.C.Byencouragingnomadstoprotectthem.D.Byrelocatingthemtoaprotectedplace.04【山东省日照市202

2-2023学年高三上学期第一次校际联考】SamsungElectronicsAmericaannouncedthatGalaxydeviceownerscanmaketheirownrepairstotheGalaxyS20andS2

1familyofproducts,aswellastheGalaxyTabS7+,startingAugust2nd.SamsungiscooperatingwithiFixit,theleadingonlinerepaircommunity,tode

livertheirSelf-Repairprogram.ThisprogramaddstoSamsung’scontinuedexpansionsforconvenientrepairforconsumersandhelpsthemwithsustainablesolutionstosuppor

tamorecirculareconomybyextendingthelifeoftheirdevices,aswellasminimizinge-waste.Samsungconsumerswhowishtomaketheirownrepairsca

nnowpurchaserealdevicepartsandconvenient,easy-to-userepairtools,availablethroughiFixit,Samsungretail(零售)

andservicelocations,atthesamepricingofferedtoourrepairproviders.Inaddition,Galaxydeviceownerswillhaveful

laccesstoonlinerepairguidesthatprovidebothvisualandwrittenstep-by-stepinstructions,andbestofall,atnocost.“Makingreplacementp

artsavailableisakeysustainabilitystrategy.We’reexcitedtobeworkingdirectlywithSamsungandtheircustomerstoextendthelifetimeoftheirphones,”saidCEOofiFixi

t.Startingtoday,Galaxydeviceownerscanreplacethephonescreen,backglass,andchargingports.Inthefuture,Samsungplanstoexpandself-repairtoincludemorede

vicesandrepairoptionsfromourextensiveproductportfolio(档案).Furthermore,theprogrammakesiteasyforconsumerstoret

urntheirthrown-awaypartsforresponsiblerecycling,asthenewdisplaykitswillcomewithareturnlabeltoshipthrown-awa

ypartsbacktoSamsung—atnocosttotheconsumer.Inadditiontotheconvenienceofthesenewself-repairoptions,Galaxysmartphone

ownershaveachoiceonhowtheycanextendthelifeoftheirdevicesacrossSamsung’sexpansivecareoptions,including:ThroughSamsung’sperfe

ctcarenetwork,customershaveaccesstoover11,000SamsungMobilecertifiedrepairtechniciansintheU.S.12.Whowilldotherepairwork

undertheSelf-Repairprogram?A.TheiFixitcommunity.B.TheGalaxyconsumers.C.SamsungRepairstaff.D.Thedevicesthemselves.13.WhatistheSamsungcompanyaiming

todoaccordingtoparagraph2?A.Topromoteacirculareconomy.B.Tomakefulluseoftheoldparts.C.Toenrichthelifeofthephoneusers.D.To

ensurebetterservicebyiFixit.14.Whichofthefollowingisfreeofcharge?A.TheSamsungdeviceparts.B.NewSamsungproducts.C.Thewrittenrepairinstructions

.D.Theeasy-to-userepairtools.15.Whichcanbethebesttitleforthetext?A.ANewInventionB.ANewTechnologyC.ASuccessfulCooperationD.AnInitiat

ivepractice05【江苏省海安市2022-2023学年高三上学期期初学业质量监测】Climatechangeleadstothreattotheworld’ssandybeaches,andasmanyashalfof

themcoulddisappearby2100,anewstudyhasfound.Evenby2050somecoastlinescouldbeunrecognizablefromwhatweseetoday,with10%to12%facingseriouseros

ion(侵蚀).Usingupdatedsealevelrisepredictions,theresearchersanalyzedhowbeachesaroundtheworldwouldbeinafuturewithhigherseasandmoredamagingstorms.The

yalsoconsiderednaturalprocesseslikewaveerosion,aswellashumanfactors—likecoastalbuildingdevelopments,allofwhichcanaffectabeach'she

alth.Thestudyfoundthatsealevelriseisexpectedtooutweigh(胜过)theseotherfactors,andthatthemoreheat-trappinggaseshumanpu

tintotheatmosphere,theworsetheinfluencesontheworld’sbeachesarelikelytobe.It’shardtooverstatejusthowimportantthewo

rld'sbeachesare.Theycovermorethanonethirdoftheworld’scoastlines,andprotectcoastalareasfromstorms.Beache

sarealsoimportanteconomicengines,supportingrelaxation,tourismandotheractivities.Andinsomeareas,thebeach

ismorethanavacationdestination.InplaceslikeAustralia,lifenearthecoastrevolves(围绕)aroundthebeachformuchoftheyear.Someoftheworld’s

mostpopularbeachesarealreadytakingaction.PlaceslikeMiamiBeacharetruckinginthousandsoftonsofsandtopatchup(修复)badlyerodeds

horelines,whileothershavebuiltseawallsandbreakwatersinanattempttoholdprecioussandinplace.Butthefinancialandenvironmentalcostsofthe

seprojectsarehuge,andscientistssayrisingseasandmorepowerfulstorms,aswellasawarmerclimate,maymakethisalosingbattle.However,therese

archersdidfindthathumanshavesomecontroloverwhathappenstotheworld'sbeaches.Iftheworld’sgovernmentsareabletocontinuecuttingheat-trappinggaspoll

ution,theresearchersfoundthat22%ofprojectedbeachlossesby2050couldbeprevented,anumberthatgrowsto40%by2100ifgreenhousegasesarelimited.8.Whi

chofthefollowingmainlycausesseriousbeacherosion?A.Higherseas.B.Humanfactors.C.Damagingstorms.D.Waveerosion.9.WhatcanweinferfromParagraph3

?A.Stormsdamageonethirdofworld’scoastlines.B.Significanceofbeachescan’tbeunderestimated.C.Economicactivitiesmaycausedamagetobeaches.D.Beachesaret

heonlyeconomicengineforAustralia.10.Howdoscientiststhinkoftheactionstakentoprotectbeaches?A.Costlybutfailed.B.Effectiveb

utnotenough.C.Orderlybutslow.D.Enormousbutnotconstant.11.Whatisthetextmainlyabout?A.Actionshavebeentakentoprotectbeaches.B.Beaches

arefacingthethreatofdisappearing.C.Lifeincoastalareasmainlydependsonbeaches.D.Thereexistchallengestoprotect

erodedbeaches.05【江苏省海安市2022-2023学年高三上学期期初学业质量监测】InthevillagesoftheEnglishcountryside,therearestillpeop

lewhorememberthegoodolddayswhennoonebotheredtolocktheirdoors.Theresimplywasn’tanycrimetoworryabout.Amazingly,thesehappytimesappearstilltobew

ithusintheworld’sbiggestcommunity.AnewstudybyDanFarmer,agiftedprogrammer,usinganautomatedinvestigativeprogramofhisowncalledSATAN,showsthattheownersof

welloverhalfofallWorldWideWebsiteshavesetuphomewithoutfittinglockstotheirdoors.SATANcantryoutavariety

ofwell-knownhackingtricksonanInternetsitewithoutactuallybreakingin.Farmerhasmadeprogrampubliclyavailable,among

muchcriticism.Apersonwithevilintentcoulduseittohuntdownsitesthatareeasytostealin.ButFarmerisveryconcernedaboutth

eneedtoalertthepublictopoorsecurityand,sofar,eventshaveprovedhimright.SATANhasdonemoretoalertpeopletotherisksthancausenewdisorde

r.SoistheNetbecomingmoresecure?Farfromit.Intheearlydays,whenyouvisitedaWebsite,yourbrowsersimplylookedatthecontent.Nowthewebisfulloftinyp

rogramsthatautomaticallydownloadwhenyoulookataWebpage,andrunonyourownmachine.Theseprogramscould,iftheirauthorswished,doallkindsof

nastythingstoyourcomputer.Butlet’slookonthebrightside.Giventhelackoflocks,theInternetissurelytheworld’sbiggest(a

lmost)crime-freesociety.Maybethatisbecausehackersarefundamentallyhonest.Orthattherecurrentlyisn’tmuchtosteal.O

rbecausevandalism(蓄意破坏)isn’tmuchfununlessyouhaveaspecialdislikeforsomeone.Whateverthereason,let’senjoyitwhi

lewecan.Butexpectitalltochange,andsecuritytobecomethenumberoneissue,whenthemostinfluentialinhabitantsofthe

Netaresellingservicestheywanttobepaidfor.12.Whatdoestheunderlinedsentenceinparagraph2mean?A.ManyInternetsitesarenotwellprotected.B.Thosehappytimesapp

earstilltobewithus.C.Theresimplywasn’tanycrimetoworryabout.D.Hackersdon’tactuallybreakintoanInternetsi

te.13.WhatcanSATANbeusedtodo?A.Topreventhackersbreakingintowebsites.B.ToinvestigatethesecurityofInternetsites.C.Toimprovethesecurityof

theInternetsystem.D.Todownloadusefulprogramsandinformation.14.What’stheauthor’sattitudetoSATAN?A.FavorableB.IndifferentC.Cautio

usD.Doubtful15.What’sthepurposeofthepassage?A.TopromoteandselltheSATANprogram.B.Toadvocatepeoplefleeingf

romtheInternet.C.TomakenetizensawareofthesecurityoftheInternet.D.ToinformnetizensthattheInternetissafewithSATAN.06【河北省保定市部分学校2022-2023学年高三上学期开学考试】A

ppleshavealwaysplayedasignificantyetdiverseroleinhistory.Todayapplescontinuetoastonishinmedicine,withheadlinesrepo

rtingthatanappleadayreallydoeshavehealthbenefits.In2013,researchersinOxfordsuggestedthateitheranappleadayorastatin(akindofdrug)seemedtobeequallys

uccessfulatpreventingheartattacksandstrokesinpeopleovertheageof50.EPICstudy,oneofthebiggeststudiesofitski

nd,involveshalfamillionpeopleandlooksattheeffectsofeatingfruitandvegetablesondisease.Participantsconsumingatleasteightportionsadayhadanastonis

hing22%lowerriskofheartdisease,andrisksofsomecancerswereslightlyreduced.However,othercancerswereunaffected,andtherewasnorealeff

ectondiabetes.Howmightthehumbleapplebedeclaringwaronheartdiseaseandcancer,twoofourbiggestkillers?Theanswermightlieinpolyphenols(

多酚)inapples,whichisusefulforprotectingthefruitfromdiseaseandalsogivingitcolorandflavor.Theyhavethepotentialtoprotectourbodybyreducingbloodstickine

ssandcholesterol(胆固醇)levels.Severalstudiesalsoshowareductioninbloodpressurewhenmorefruitandvegetablesareeaten.Furthermore,

applescontainafibrecalledpectin(果胶)whichstickstocholesterolinthebody,slowingtheirabsorption.Whatisclearisthat

theappleisacomplexmixofcomponents,workingtogetherforthegoodofourhealth.Butcanweeatenoughapplesadaytokeepthedoctoraway?Eatingtoomany

maynotbeagoodidea,especiallywithariskoflastingexposuretolowlevelsofpesticide.Somepeopleareevenallergictoapples,andtheycanwearawa

youterlayeroftooth.TheDepartmentofHealth’sadvicetoconsume“5-a-day”(includingbothfruitandvegetables)mightbearealisticstarti

ngpoint.28.Whichofthefollowingdotheresearchersagreewith?A.Anappleadaycansuccessfullycureheartdiseases.B.Eatingfr

uitandvegetablescanreducediabetesgreatly.C.Applesandmedicinehavesimilareffectinsomecases.D.Thoseeatingappleshavealowerriskofa

llcancers.29.Whyarepolyphenolsandpectinmentionedinthetext?A.Tomakeacomparison.B.Togiveadviceonhealth.C.Totell

whatapplescontain.D.Toclarifyhowappleswork.30.Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase“5-a-day”inthelastparagraphreferto?A.An

appleandfivevegetablesperday.B.Fiveapplesindifferenttimeseveryday.C.Twoapplesandthreevegetableseveryday.D.

Fiveportionsoffruitandvegetablesperday.31.Whereisthetextprobablytakenfrom?A.Abiologytextbook.B.Ahealthmagazine.C.Atravel

brochure.D.Anursingreport.06【河北省保定市部分学校2022-2023学年高三上学期开学考试】Emergingeconomiesstruggledtogrowthroughthe2010sandpessimismcoversthemnow.Peo

plewonderhowtheywillpaydebtsduringtheCOVID-19andhowtheycangrowrapidlyastheydidinthepastinaneraofdeglobalisation(去全球化).Thefreshestofmanyansw

erstothisissueisthefast-spreadingdigitalrevolution.Thedigitalrevolutionisalreadyasprogressiveinemerginge

conomiesasdevelopedones.Amongthetop30nationsbyincomefromdigitalservicesasashareofgrossdomesticproduct(GDP),16a

reintheemergingworld.Indonesia,forexample,isfurtheradvancedbythismeasurethanFranceorCanada.Andsince2017,digitalincomehasbeengrowinginem

ergingcountriesatanaverageannualpaceof26percent,comparedwith11percentinthedevelopedones.Howcanitbethatpoorernationsa

readoptingcommondigitaltechnologiesfasterthantherich?Oneexplanationishabitanditsabsence.Insocietiesfilledwithphysicalstoresandservices,customers

areoftencomfortablewiththemandslowtoabandontheproviders.Incountrieswherepeoplehavedifficultyevenfindin

gabankoradoctor,theywilljumpatthefirstdigitaloptionthatcomesalong.Outsidershaveahardtimegraspingtheimpactdigitalservicescanh

aveonunderserved(服务不足的)populations.Nationslackinginschools,hospitalsandbankscanquicklybridgethesegapsbyestablishing

onlineservices.Thoughonly5percentofKenyanscarrycreditcards,morethan70percenthaveaccesstodigitalbanking.It’searlydays,too.AseconomistCarlotaPerezhas

shown,techrevolutionslastalongtime.Innovationslikethecarandthesteamenginewerestilltransformingeconomieshalfacenturylater.Now,thefadingeraofg

lobalisationwilllimitthenumberofemergingmarkets,buttheeraofrapiddigitisationhasonlyjustbegun.Thisoffersmanydevelopingeconomiesarevolutionarynewpath

tocatchupwiththelivingstandardsofthedevelopedworld.32.Whatcanweknowaboutthedigitalrevolution?A.Itincreasespeople’sdebtsindegl

obalisation.B.Itpreventsemergingeconomyfromdeveloping.C.Itadvancesinemerginganddevelopedeconomies.D.Itdevelopsmostrapidly

inIndonesiaintermsofGDP.33.Wherearepeoplemorewillingtoacceptdigitalservices?A.Ineconomieslackinginonlineservices.B.Incountriesshort

ofbasicphysicalfacilities.C.Innationswithadequatestoresandservices.D.Insocietieseasytoaccessdoctorsandbanks.34.Whatdoe

stheauthorthinkofthefutureofdigitisation?A.Stable.B.Hopeful.C.Depressing.D.Challenging.35.What’sthemainideaofthetext?A.Digitaltechnologysavesemerging

economies.B.Deglobalisationlimitstechnologyrevolutions.C.Emergingeconomiesstruggleinthepandemic.D.Digitalrevolutiongrowsb

etteringlobalisation.07【江苏省泰州中学2022-2023学年高三上学期期初调研考试】WeareoftenremindedofOscarWilde’ssayingthat“sarca

sm(讽刺)isthelowestformofwit”whileforgettingthefollowing“butthehighestformofintelligence”.Parentsorteache

rsofteenagers,inparticular,mayfindithardtobelievethatitisactuallyasignofaflexibleandinventivemind.Yetthatisexactlywhatpsychologistsandneuroscientist

shavebeenarguing.Theyhavefoundthatsarcasmrequiresthebraintojumpthroughnumeroushoops(圈)toarriveatacorrectinterpretation,requiringmorebr

ainpowerthanliteralstatements.Ifyou’restillnotconvincedthatyourteen’sloveofsarcasmisathingworthcelebrating,considerarecentexperimentfromLiHua

ng,apsychologistatInsead’sbusinessschoolinFontainebleau,France.Intheexperiment,participantswerepresentedwithacandle,apackofmatchesandab

oxoftacks(图钉).Theirtaskwastofindawaytoattachthecandletothewallsothatitcouldbumwithoutdrippingwaxonthefloor.Thecorrectansweristoemptytheboxofta

cks,pinittothewall,andthenplacethecandleinsideasolutionthatwillonlycometomindifyouarepreparedtothinkaboutthefunctionsofeachobject.Beforeworki

ngontheproblem,someparticipantswereaskedtorecallasarcasticinteraction,whileothersrememberedasincereorneutralexchange.Quiteamazingly,thesarcasticmem

oriesmorethandoubledtheparticipants’successrate,fromaround30%tomorethan60%.Itmayinitiallyfeellikeashockwhenparentsnoticetheirchildr

enusingsarcasm——asign,perhaps,ofamoreadult-likecynicism(愤世嫉俗)thatconflictswiththeirimpressionsoftheirchildren’syouthfulinnocence.Parentsmayf

eelparticularlyhelplesswhendealingwithateenagerwhousesitinalmostallinteractions,asiftheystruggle.toexpressanysincereemotions.Butshouldweblameteensfor

applyingthishandytool?Perhapsit’sbetterseenastheusefulpracticeofavitalability.PennyPexman,apsycholingui

stattheUniversityofCalgaryagreesanditisforthisreasonthatshehasproducedSydneyGetsSarcastic,astorybookthatprovidesmultipleexamp

lesofsarcasmandthereasonsitwasused.Inarecentexperimenton5-to6-year-olds,sheshowedthatchildrenwhoreadanddiscussedthestoryfounditeasie

rtodetectsarcasticstatementsinafollowingtest.8.WhydoestheauthorrefertoOscarWilde’swordsatthebeginningofthetext?A.Togiveadefinitiono

fsarcasm.B.Tostressthesignificanceofsarcasm.C.Toexpresshisconcernaboutsarcasm.D.Toshowthemisunderstandingofsarcasm.9.Whatca

nwelearnaboutsarcasticmemoriesfromLiHuang’sexperiment?A.Theytendedtostaylongwithparticipants.B.Theyofferedcluestotheproblemtobesolved.C.Theycou

ldforceparticipantstofaceproblems.D.Theycontributedgreatlytoparticipant’ssuccess.10.Whatmightparentsthinkoftheirchildren’ssarcasm?A.Itsh

owstheirinnocence.B.Ithelpsthemexpressemotions.C.Itisnotappropriatefortheirage.D.Itallowsthemtobehavelikeadults.11.What’sth

eauthor’spurposeinwritingthetext?A.Tourgeparentstolearnfromtheirchildren’ssarcasm.B.Toteachparentshow

torespondtotheirchildren’ssarcasm.C.Toshowparentsthepositivesideoftheirchildren’ssarcasm.D.Toremindparents

toteachtheirchildrentousewordsproperly.07【江苏省泰州中学2022-2023学年高三上学期期初调研考试】Sincetheearlytomid-2010s,socialmediaappshavemadeapermanenthomein

manypeople’sphones,andspendingtimeonsocialmediahasbecomeasmuchofadailyactivityasdrinkingwater.Sincesomanypeopleareonitformuchoftheirdays—especially

kids,teens,andyoungadults—thereisincreasedconcernoverwhatsocialmediaisdoingtopeople.Manyarguethatsocialmediaisanunhealthywaytopass

thetime,andthatfalseinformationfromonlineiscausingconfusionandpanic.Thistypeofthinghappenswitheverygenerationwhensome

thingnewthatpeopledon’tunderstandcomesalong.Somanypeoplethoughtrock-and-rollwasmakingteensmorallybad,whichreallywasn’tthecase.Itisfairtosaythatt

heteenageyearsarehard,andthatteensneedanescape.Backbeforephones,teenswouldlistentorockmusicasaformofescapism,ortheywouldw

atchTV,gotothemovies,skatearound,ordressupincrazyclothes.Unfortunately,allofthosethingsatonepointintimewereblamedforbeingabadinfluenceonyoungpeopl

e.Socialmediaisthenewtuck-and-roll:it’sanewthing,andpeopledemonize(妖魔化)change.Forexample,manybelievethateveryt

hingonsocialmediaappsisfiltered(加滤镜)andthatseeingperfectpeopleandtheirperfectlyeditedlivesoftenleadstolotsofnegativeemotions.However,models,mag

azinesandmovieshavebeenusingretouching(修整)toolsforphotosandmediasincePhotoshopandotherpost-productions

erviceswereinvented.Socialmediahasmadeiteasiertoseemoreeditedpictures,butsocialmediaitselfisn’tmakingpeople

wanttolookacertainway.Peopleshouldacknowledgethatthesepicturesaren’tauthentic,andthepostsaremadetolookg

oodonpurpose.Socialmediaishottoblameforbodyconfidenceissueswhenthethingspeoplewanttolooklikearen’tevenrealinthefirst

place.Itseemslikemostissuesaroundsocialmediaareusererrors,likeanyonecomplainingtherearetoomanypeoplebeingaddictedtosoci

almedia.However,noteveryoneisaddictedtosocialmedia;peoplewhohaveanygrasponrealitywouldn’tspendeverywakingsecondonthephon

e.Itisreallyuptotheindividualhowtheyusesocialmedia.Keepingupwiththefloodofposts,stories,andphotostakesalotofti

me—manyyoungpeopleadmitthattheyspendhoursontheirphoneseveryday.Yet,thisseemslikeaneasyproblemtosolvewhenthesol

utionissimplyclickingoffthephoneacouplehoursearly.Soitisclearthatmoderationisthekeytodealingwithalltheissuesaroundsocialmedia.12.W

hydoestheauthormention“rock-and-roll”inParagraph2?A.Topredictthefutureofsocialmedia.B.Tounderlinetheadvantagesofsocialmedia.C.Toanalyzewhysocial

mediaissopopulartoday.D.Toexplainwhysocialmediaisregardedasnegative.13.Whatdoestheauthorthinkofpostingeditedphotosonsocialmediaapps?A.Distu

rbing.B.Understandable.C.Intolerable.D.Innovative.14.Whatdoesthetextsuggestpeopledoaboutsocialmedia?A.Makethebestuseofit.B.Compl

etelystayawayfromit.C.Prohibityoungpeoplefromusingit.D.Spendreasonableamountsoftimeonit.15.Whichofthe

followingisasuitabletitleforthetext?A.Whatmakesussoaddictedtosocialmedia?B.Whyissocialmediasopopularamongteenagers?C.Shouldwedependonsocialmediafo

rinformation?D.Isitrighttoblamesocialmediaforalltheproblems?08【河北省邯郸市2022-2023学年高三上学期摸底考试】Toeffectivelyinteractwithhumansincrowdedsocia

lsettings,suchasmalls,hospitals,andotherpublicspaces,robotsshouldbeabletoactivelyparticipateinbothgroupandone-to-

oneinteractions.Mostexistingrobots,however,havebeenfoundtoperformmuchbetterwhencommunicatingwithindividualusersthanwithgroupsofconversinghuman

s.HoomanHedayatiandDanielSzafir,tworesearchersatUniversityofNorthCarolinaatChapelHill,haverecentlydevelopedan

ewdata-driventechniquethatcouldimprovehowrobotscommunicatewithgroupsofhumans.Oneofthereasonswhymanyrobotsoccasionallymisbehavewhilepart

icipatinginagroupconversationisthattheiractionsheavilyrelyondatacollectedbytheirsensors.Sensors,howe

ver,areprone(易于遭受)toerrors,andcansometimesbedisturbedbysuddenmovementsandobstaclesintherobot’ssurroundings.“Iftherobot’scameraismaskedbyan

obstacleforasecond,therobotmightnotseethatperson,andasaresult,itignorestheuser,”Hedayatiexplained.“Basedonmyexperience,usersfi

ndthesemisbehaviorsdisturbing.Thekeygoalofourrecentprojectwastohelprobotsdetectandpredictthepositionofanundetectedpersonwithintheconversationa

lgroup.”ThetechniquedevelopedbyHedayatiandSzafirwastrainedonaseriesofexistingdatasets.Byanalyzingthepositionsofotherspeakersinagr

oup,itcanaccuratelypredictthepositionofanundetecteduser.Inthefuture,thenewapproachcouldhelptoenhancetheconversationalabilitiesofbothexistingandnewl

ydevelopedrobots.Thismightinturnmakethemeasiertoserveinlargepublicspaces,includingmalls,hospitals,andotherpublicplaces.“Thene

xtstepforuswillbetoimprovethegazebehaviorofrobotsinaconversationalgroup.Peoplefindrobotswithabettergazebehaviormoreintelligent

.Wewanttoimprovethegazebehaviorofrobotsandmakethehuman-robotconversationalgroupmoreenjoyableforhumans.”Heda

yatisaid.8.WhatisthetechniquedevelopedbyHedayatiandSzafirbasedon?A.Data.B.Cameras.C.Existingrobots.D.Socialsettings.9.Whatismainlyta

lkedaboutinParagraph2?A.Theworkingprocedureofrobots.B.Theabilityofrobotstocommunicate.C.Theexperience

oftheresearchers.D.Theshortcomingsofexistingrobots.10.Whatwillhappenifarobot’scameraisblocked?A.Itwillstopworking.B.Itwillbreakdown.C.Itwillabuseits

user.D.Itwillmisbehave.11.Whatdoweknowaboutthenewdata-driventechnique?A.Itisconsideredafailure.B.Ithasbeenusedinmalls.C.Itgetssatisfactoryre

sult.D.Itonlyworkswithnewrobots.08【河北省邯郸市2022-2023学年高三上学期摸底考试】Newhigh-techshoesandinsoles(鞋垫)havebeendevelope

dthatcanhelpelderly,sickanddisabledpeoplewalkwithoutfearoffallingover.UnveiledattheWearableTechnologyShowinLondononTue

sday,thePathFeelinsolesandPathFindershoesfromU.K.startupWalkWithPathprovidetactile(触觉的)andvisualfeedbacktoassistwalking.“Ifyouwalkandyoudo

n’thaveagoodfeelingoftheground,you’vegottobeverycareful,youkeepcheckingeverystep,youneedtolookatthegroundandseehowyouputyourlegontheground

,”IddoWald,adesignengineeratWalkWithPath,tellsNewsweek.“Pathgivestheconfidenceneededtowalkwithoutfalling.”“Wehadapatientwhosuffersfromaspinalcordi

njuryandactuallyhadnofeelingofthegroundatallbuthecouldfeelthevibration.It’sreallyexciting.”PressuresensorsinthePathFeelinsolesprovide

tactilefeedbackthatshakesthewearer’sfeetandinformsthemwhenitistouchingtheground.ThePathFindershoesaredesigne

dspecificallyforParkinson’spatientswhocan’twalksmoothly.Lasersprojectedoutoftheshoesinagreenlineaimtoprovidevisualcluestohelpthesuffererfocu

sonputtingonefootinfrontoftheother.AccordingtotheNationalParkinsonFoundation,38percentofpeoplewithParkins

on’ssufferfromfallseachyear,whileAgeUKestimatesone-in-tenpeopleovertheageof65fallover.Thehopeisthatboththeinsolesandtheshoescanhelpbringthosenumbers

down.Bothproductsarecurrentlyinthetestingstage,withseveralLondonuniversitiesconductingtrials.Earlytes

tshaveseensomeusersimprovedtheirwalkingbyover50percent.12.HowdothePathFeelinsoleswork?A.Byshakingthewearer’sfeet.

B.Bygivingthewearersoundclues.C.Byrecordingthewearer’sdata.D.Bycountingthewearer’ssteps.13.Whatistheprobablemeaningoftheunderlinedword“v

ibration”inParagraph4?A.Pain.B.Shake.C.Kick.D.Warmth.14.Whatdoweknowaboutthesmartshoes?A.Theyarepopular

amongtheelderly.B.Theyarebeingfurthertested.C.Theywillreplacenormalshoes.D.Theycanmonitorthewearer’shealth.15.Whatcanbethebe

sttitleofthistext?A.SmartShoesHaveHugeMarketProspectsB.SmartShoesHelpTreatParkinson’sDiseaseC.SmartShoesMakeWalkingMoreComfortableD.SmartShoesHel

ptheElderly,SickandDisabledWalk09【江苏省南京市2022-2023学年高三上学期期初考试】Plasticfishingnets,theso-calledghostnets,abandonedyearlyinthesea—about1milliontons—arem

orethanjustrubbish;they’reakiller.Fish,seabirds,andturtlesgetcaughtinthenettinganddie,withmorespeciesatrisk.Muchshockeda

tthis,PranveerSinghRathore,amaterials-scienceengineerandmaterialsR&DmanageratSamsung,andhisteamsetthemselvesthe

taskofgivingnewlifetothedeadlynets.Lastmonth,SamsungrevealedanewlineofGalaxyproductsmadeinpartfromrecycledplasticfishingnetsforthefirsttime.Th

ecompanyestimatesthisyearaloneitcanrecycleover50tonsofocean-boundplasticintothekeycomponentsthatwillgointoitssmartphones,t

ablets,andcomputers,thustakingabiteoutoftheglobalghostnetsproblem.It’snosmalltasktogivewastefishingnetsasecondact.Thenetsaretypicallymad

eofasubstancecallednylonwhichtendstodramaticallydegrade(降解)thelongeritsitsintheoceanandisexposedtothesun.“Thismakesitnearlyimpossibletouseaban

donedfishingnetsdirectly,”Rathoreexplains.Besides,high-performancesmartphone,tablet,orPChastobewaterproofandcan

survivesevereweather.Thenyloninthefishingnetsfallsfarshortofthatlevelofdurability(耐用).Todealwiththatproblem,Samsunglastsummerteamedupwit

htwopartners:onetocollectandtransformthenetsintotinynylonpellets(颗粒)whiletheothertostrengthentheirtoughnessanddurability

.Theendresult:Thepartnershituponaneco-friendlyandhigh-performanceplasticmaterialthat’sbeingusedtobui

ldthecomponentpartsforitslatestlineofproducts.Forexample,twopartsoftheGalaxyS22mobilephone—thekeybracketandtheinnercover—aremadeofthesefish

ing-netplasticmaterials.Samsungaimstouseevenmoreupcycledmaterialsinfutureproductlines.“That’sthehopefortheglobeandourmission,”Rathoresmiles

.8.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“this”inparagraph2referto?A.Rubbishinthesea.B.Recyclingthedeadlynets.C.Oceanspec

ies’extinction.D.Ghostnets’threattosealife.9.Whatisparagraph3mainlyabout?A.Thelowlevelofdurabilityofnylon.B.Thesecondactofwaste

fishingnets.C.Thegreatdifficultyinreusingghostnets.D.ThepositivecommentonSamsung’sproducts.10.WhatisspecialaboutSamsung’sne

wGalaxyproducts?A.Theyaremadefromtinynylonpellets.B.Theyputanendtotheproblemoffishingnets.C.Theycanstanduptowaterandsevereweather.D.The

ycontainmaterialsrecycledfromghostnets.11.WhatcanwelearnaboutRathore’swork?A.Itmakesplasticeasiertobreakdown.B.Itmar

kstheshiftofSamsung’smission.C.Itprotectstheplanetfromchokingonplastic.D.Itraisespublicawarenessofoceanexpl

oration.09【江苏省南京市2022-2023学年高三上学期期初考试】Tofigureoutifwecandieofboredom,wefirsthavetounderstandwhatboredomis.Forhelp,IcalledJamesDanck

ert,apsychologistwhostudiesboredomattheUniversityofWaterlooinCanada.“Alotofpeoplethinkaboutbeingboredasb

einglazy.Andit’sabsolutelynotthat,”hesays.“Boredpeoplewanttobeengagedwiththeirworld,eagertodosomethingsat

isfyingandexciting.Butanyattempttodosoisfailing.”Thatmeansboredomisusuallyveryupsetting.Anditcanhavephysicalcons

equences.Inoneofhisexperiments,Danckertmadepeopleextremelyboredbyshowingthemavideooftwopeoplehangingclothestodry.Hefo

undthatwhenpeoplegotbored,theirheartsbeatfasterandtheirlevelsofahormonecalledcortisol(皮质醇)wentup,comparedtowhentheywatchedanothervide

othatmadethemsad.Thesephysicalchangesweresignsthatboredomwasstressingthemout.“It’snotlikehavingafull-onpanicattack,

”Danckertsays.Butit’scertainlyenoughtomakeboredomunpleasant.Let’scomebacktoifboredomcankillyou.Backinthe

1980s,scientistsaskedpeoplewhoworkedfortheBritishgovernmentawholebunchofquestions,includinghowboredtheyfeltintheirdailylive

s.Thestudytrackedtheparticipantsovertime.Whenanyoneofthemdied,thesurveyrecordedthecauseofdeath.In2010,tworesearchersmatchedupth

esecausesofdeathwiththeparticipants’levelofboredom.Itturnedoutthatpeoplewhosaidtheyweremoreboredwerealsomorelikelyt

ohavediedofheartdisease.“Weknowthatprolongedexposuretostressisbadforyourhealth,”Danckertsays.Asingleboringdaycan’tkillyou.Butifyou’realwaysbored,the

stresscouldaddupintosomethingdangerous.“Ohno,”youmightbethinking.“Schoolisboring,myfriendsareboring,everythingisboring!What’sgoingtohapp

entome?”Don’tworry,Danckertsays:“Asyougetolder,yougetlessbored,”mainlybecauseyougainmoreindependenceandhavetogetbusytoachieveyourlong-termgoals.A

ndtrustme:that’sanythingbutboring.12.AccordingtoJamesDanckert,peoplefeelboredbecause________.A.theyar

etoolazytodoanythingB.theycan’tgainexcitementinlifeC.theyaretoofrightenedtohaveatryD.theycan’tfullyunde

rstandboredom13.Whatcanwelearnfromparagraph2?A.Doinghouseworkwillmakepeoplebored.B.People’sheartrateincreaseswithboredom.C.Physicalchangescanlea

dtoextremeboredom.D.Watchingsomethingsadisaboringexperience.14.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“prolonged”inpar

agraph3mean?A.Continued.B.Repeated.C.Sudden.D.Active.15.WhatdoesDanckertrecommendtosavepeoplefromboredom?A.Depe

ndingonfriends.B.Settinglong-termgoals.C.Keepingyourselfoccupied.D.Trustingpeoplearoundyou.10【湖南省部分校教育联盟2022-2023学年高三上学期入学摸底测】Jeweler,makinganamef

orherselfinEurope,findsheruniquecraftsmanshipisattractingagrowingaudience,ChinaDailyreports.OnMarch15,theacademiccom

mitteeofTheMuseumofDecorativeArtsinParishelditsannualroundtableconferencetoexpanditscollection.Itwasrare,but12expertsal

lagreedonwelcomingFeuilledeGinkgo,thecreationofFengJi,intothemuseumaspartofthepermanentcollection.Theartworkhasbeenshowntot

hepublicsincethemiddleofApril.ThisisthefirsttimethatajewelryartistfromtheChinesemainlandhasbeenrecognized

byanationalmuseuminEurope,andattheageof36,Fenghasbecometheyoungestjewelryartistwhoseworkwasincludedinthepermanentcoll

ectionofthiscenturies-oldartpalace.TheinspirationofFeuilledeGinkgocomesfromajourneytoJardindeGiverny,thebotanicalgardenthatinspiredClaudeMon

et.“Iwassoenchantedbythespeciesofallexoticplantsandthelayoutofthegarden.EventhedreamIhadtheregavemelotsofideas,”saysFeng.Evel

ynePosseme,executivedirectorofthemuseum,praised:“Thetalentoftheyoungartistimpressedmesomuchthatwecouldn’tmissthisFeui

lledeGinkgo.Comparingtothecenturies-oldartworksthatarepreviouslycollectedbythemuseum,Feng’suniqueartisticstylesymb

olizesthefutureofjewelry.”Inherjewelry,createdwithbotanicalelementssuchasginkgoleaves,taroliliesanddahlias,peoplecanseeheradaptationo

ftheclassicnaturalisticstyle,astylethatoriginatedintheearly19thcenturywhenjewelerswereinfluencedbythedevelopmentofarchaeology,botanyandtheRomanticpoe

tstoincorporatedecorativepatternsofplantsandfruitsintotheirjewelry.AsthefirstjewelryartistfromtheChinesemainlandwhogotinvited,sheisreadytos

howhercreationatParisAntiquesBiennaleinthecomingNovember.Preparetheworldtobeshocked.28.Whatcanbeinferredfromthepassage

?A.ItwasthefirsttimeforthatMuseumtoholdtheroundtableconference.B.AlltheexpertsdonotagreeonwhethertoacceptthecreationofFeng.C.Feng’smasterp

iecebecameacollectionofthatMuseuminherthirties.D.TheartworkcreatedbyFenghasbeenondisplaysinceMarch15th.29.Whichofthefollowingcanbestreplacet

heunderlinedword“enchanted”?A.puzzledB.fascinatedC.shockedD.discouraged30.WhatisthepurposeofmentioningEvelynePosseme?A.Toprese

ntthetalentofyoungartists.B.Tocomparewiththeold-fashionedartwork.C.Topredictthefutureofthejewelrydesign.D

.TostressthesignificanceofFeng’screation.31.Whatismostlikelytobediscussedafterthelastparagraph?A.Hernewestartworkforthec

omingexhibition.B.JewelryartistsfromthemainlandofChina.C.InvitedguestsfortheParisAntiquesBiennale.D.Feng’sstrongdesiretoto

uraroundtheworld.10【湖南省部分校教育联盟2022-2023学年高三上学期入学摸底测】Despitethefactthatpeoplecan’tremembermuchbeforetheageof2or3,research

suggeststhatinfants(婴儿)canformmemories—justnotthekindsofmemoriesyoutellaboutyourself.Infact,therearelotsofdifferentkindsofmemoriesbesidesthosetha

tareautobiographical.Therearesemanticmemories,ormemoriesoffacts,likethenamesfordifferentvarietiesofapples,orthe

capitalofyourhomestate.Therearealsoproceduralmemories,ormemoriesforhowtoperformanaction,likeopeningyourfrontdoorordrivingacar.But,ifinfantscanform

memoriesintheirfirstfewmonths,whydon’tpeoplerememberthingsfromthatearlieststageoflife?Itstillisn’tclearw

hetherpeopleexperienceinfantilelossofmemorybecausewecan’tformautobiographicalmemories,orwhetherwejusthavenowayt

oretakethem.Nooneknowsforsurewhat’sgoingon,butscientistshaveafewguesses.Oneisthatautobiographicalmemoriesrequirey

outohavesomesenseofself.Youneedtobeabletothinkaboutyourbehaviorwithrespecttohowitrelatestoothers.Researchershavetestedthisabilityinthepastusinga

mirrorrecognitiontaskcalledtherouge(胭脂)test.Itinvolvesmarkingababy’snosewithaspotofredlipstickorblush—or“rouge”astheysaidinthe1970swhenthetaskwascre

ated.Thenresearchersplacetheinfantinfrontofamirror.Infantsyoungerthan18monthsjustsmileatthecutebabyin

thereflection,notshowinganyevidencethattheyrecognizethemselvesortheredmarkontheirface.Between18and24months,toddlerstouchth

eirownnose,evenlookingembarrassed,suggestingthattheyconnectthereddotinthemirrorwiththeirownface—theyhavesomesen

seofself.Anotherpossibleexplanationisthatbecauseinfantsdon’thavelanguageuntillaterinthesecondyearoflife,theycan’tformnarrativesabo

uttheirownlivesthattheycanlaterrecall.Finally,thehippocampus,whichistheregionofthebrainthat’slargelyrespo

nsibleformemory,isn’tfullydevelopedintheinfancyperiod.32.Whatcouldbethesuitabletitleforthepassage?A.Whethercaninfantsformmemories?B

.Howcanpeoplerecalltheirstageof2or3?C.Whycouldn’tinfantskeeptheirearlymemories?D.Whichpartofbrainisresponsibleforme

morizing?33.Whywastherougetestcarriedout?A.Totellthedifferencebetweenbabiesofcertainages.B.Toexaminebabie

s’abilitytorecognizethemselves.C.Toexperimentbabies’actionofusingtherouge.D.Toidentifytheinteractionbetweenbabiesandtheirre

flections.34.Whichofthefollowingwouldscientistsprobablydisagreewith?A.Babiescanformautobiographicalmem

oriesattheageof2or3.B.Thehippocampushasn’tbeenwell-developedintheinfancyperiod.C.Oneofthecausesofinfantilelossofmemoryislackofselfrecognition.D

.Babiesbefore2can’trecalltheearlymemorybyusinglanguagesmoothly.35.Whichsectionofamagazineisthispassageprobablytakenfr

om?A.Health.B.Entertainment.C.Lifestyle.D.Science.11【河北省名校联盟2022-2023学年高三上学期开学考试】OnethingthatsetscyclingapartfrommostothersportsattheOlympic

sistechnology.Withtheexceptionofafewothersports,suchassailingandrowing,mosteventsthattakeplaceattheSummerGamesusuallyjustcomedowntothepe

rformancesoftheathletes.Theytrytoswimandrunfaster,jumpandclimbhigher,liftandhitwithmorestrength.Incy

cling,thecompetitionissoclose-oftenahundredthofasecondseparatesriders-thatthedifferenceinwinningandlosingcanbefoundinthechain

,thewheels,andeventhehelmetthattheychoosetowear.ThatiswhytheUSteammadeheadlinesatRio2016OlympicsGames,

whenitrolledoutanewbikedesignthatmovedtheentiredrivechainfromtherightsidetotheleft.Itmightnotcatchtheattentionoftheaverag

ebicyclists,whoprobablydon’tevennoticewhichsidethedrivechainisontheirownbikes.ButitcausedplentyofoutcryfromtheOlympic

Committee,sinceOlympicrulesstatethatanybikeusedincompetitionmustbemadeavailabletothepublic.ButtheAmericanbike-makerFeltBicycleso

nlysoldthenewbikestotheAmericanteam.Theprice?$25,999perbike.ThentheBritishadoptedamoretactful(圆滑的)strategy.ItteamedupwithbikemakerHopeT

echnologytocreatesomethingextremelyexpensivefortheTokyoOlympicsGamesthisyear.Theframealonesellsforabout$23,

500.Another$12,000forthewheels.Throwingintheexpensivesuits,oilforchains,andsunglassesandshoes,theinvestmentneededtocompeteforac

yclingmedalcanbealmostunaffordableformostoftheathletes.8.Whichgamedependslessheavilyontechnology?A.Sailing.

B.Rowing.C.Jumping.D.Cycling.9.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“outcry”inparagraph2mostprobablymean?A.Criticism.B.Prais

e.C.Excitement.D.Curiosity.10.Whatcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraph?A.TheBritishathletesenjoyunfairadvantages.B.HopeTechnologyism

orewillingtohelpall.C.HopeTechnologywantstosavemoremoney.D.TheBritishteamhasbrokentheOlympicrules.11.Inwhichsectionofanewspapermaythistextappear?

A.Politics.B.Sports.C.Advertisement.D.Economy.11【河北省名校联盟2022-2023学年高三上学期开学考试】Backinthe1980swhenmonkeypox(猴痘)wasstillanextremelyraredisease,sc

ientistskeptwarning:Overtime,themonkeypoxoutbreakswillincrease.Atthattime,therewereonlyabout50monkeypo

xcasesayearinWestandCentralAfricawherepeoplecaughtthediseasemainlyfromdirectcontactwithwildanimals.Inf

ectionbetweenhumanswasverylimited.Butin2022,theworldisfacingthefirstinternationaloutbreak,withmorethan5,000casesreportedin44c

ountrieswithinsixmonths.Sohowcouldthescientistsknowinthe1980sthatmonkeypoxwouldgrowinsizeandspreadinterna

tionally?Theirwarningswerebasedonthesuccessfulcampaignagainstsmallpox(天花),oneofthedeadliestdiseasesinhumanhistory,whichkilledu

pto30%ofthepeopleinfected.Thankstoaworldwidecampaign,smallpoxdisappearedinthelate1970s.However,theendofsmall

poxopenedthedoorformonkeypoxtoemerge.Monkeypox,whosepresentversionkillslessthan1%ofpeopleinfected,iscloselyrelatedtosmall

pox.Havingasmallpoxinfection-orasmallpoxvaccine(疫苗)-offersreallygoodprotectionagainstsmallpoxaswellasmonkeypox.Perhapsabout85%protection.Butint

helate1970s,theworldstoppedvacciningpeopleforsmallpox.Sooverthepastdecades,humanresistancetosmallpoxandm

onkeypoxhasdroppedsharply.“We’reactuallyatapointwhereourimmunityagainstmonkeypoxisthelowestinthousandsofyears,”saysJoWalker

oftheYaleSchoolofPublicHealth.Withoutsomeresistanceagainstthedisease,peoplearemorelikelytocatchmonkeypoxfroma

nimalsandspreadittosomeoneelse.Soitistimethatpeoplewhomightcomeintocontactwithinfectedpeoplewerevaccinedformonkeypox.Otherwise,itcouldb

ecomeapermanentpresenceintheworld,sinceeverytimethere’sanoutbreakthevirushasachancetofigureouthowtospreadmorequicklya

mongpeople.Indeed,thisnewoutbreakinEuropemaybeasignthatthevirushaschanged-evenifjustabit-andmaybeincreasingitsabilitytospreadamongpe

ople.12.Whatcanbelearnedaboutmonkeypox?A.Itcanbemoredangerousthansmallpox.B.Itrarelyspreadfromanimalstohumans.C.Theoutbreaks

werenotseriousinthe1980s.D.Scientistsaresurprisedbythepresentoutbreaks.13.Whatdoesparagraph4mainlyfocuson?A.Thecauseofthepre

sentoutbreaks.B.Thedisappearanceofsmallpox.C.Thepotentialdangerofsmallpox.D.Thetreatmentofmonkeypox.14.Whatm

ightJoWalkerstronglyadvisegovernmentstodo?A.Killalltheinfectedwildanimals.B.Developaspecialvaccinefortreatment.C.

Lockdowntheinfectedcountries.D.Vaccinethoseinpossiblecontactwiththeinfected.15.Whatistheauthor’sattitu

detothepresentoutbreakinEurope?A.Skeptical.B.Worried.C.Overjoyed.D.Uncaring.