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2023届高三英语名校新题快递--开学考试专辑专题03阅读理解之说明文原卷版01【山东省济南市2022-2023学年高三开学摸底考试】EverysummerartistsperformatFringe(边缘)Festivalsaroundtheworld.Frin

geFestivalsareacelebrationofstrangeart.Theyhaveallkindsofperformers—fromdancers,musiciansandactorstoeverythingi

nbetween.Theshowsgiveartistsachancetocreateunusualart.Forfestivalgoers,eachshowisatimetoexperiencesomethingdifferent.ThefirstFringeFestival

washeldinEdinburgh,Scotlandin1947.ThatwasalsotheyearofthefirstEdinburghInternationalFestival.ArtistsfromaroundtheworldtraveledtoSc

otlandfortheEdinburghInternationalFestival.Theyperformedatartscentersthroughoutthecity.Eightlocaltheater

companiesdidnotreceiveaninvitation,however.Inresponse,theyperformedatsmallerspacesaroundEdinburgh.Theseartistsperformedwherevertheycould,i

ncludingchurchesandevenonthestreet.TheystartedtheirownculturaleventandnamedittheEdinburghFestivalFringe.Whatstarte

dasanalternativetothemainstreamhasnowbecometheworld’slargestartsfestival.Today,therearehundredsofFringeFestivalstakingp

lacearoundtheworld.TheoneinWashington,D.C.,calledtheCapitalFringeFestival,isinitstenthyear.ItwasheldinthemonthofJuly.JulianneBrienzafoundedt

heCapitalFringeFestival.Shewenttoaschoolfortheperformingarts,butnowseesherselfmainlyasanorganizerofthefestival.Brienzabelievesthatfringep

erformanceartisspecialandcanhaveapowerfuleffect.TheCapitalFringeFestivaltakesplaceindifferentlocationsthro

ughouttheD.C.area.Someperformanceshappenintraditionaltheaters.Othershappeninunusualsettingslikeold,emptybuildingsorstoresafterbusinesshou

rsareover.BrienzasaysthepurposeofFringefestivalsistoexplorethelimitsofartinuniqueenvironments.Since2006,theeventhasmademorethan$1.7mil

lion.ItisthesecondlargestFringeFestivalintheU.S.anditspopularityhasgrowneveryyear.TheEdinburghFestivalFri

ngecontinuesthroughoutthemonthofAugust.8.WhomaybeinterestedinFringeFestivals?A.Strangeartlovers.B.Professionalartists.C.Cl

assicalmusicians.D.Traditionalculturesupporters.9.WhatdoesParagraph2mainlytalkabout?A.WhyEdinburghbecametheglobalartcenter.B

.HowthefirstFringeFestivalcameintobeing.C.WhentheEdinburghInternationalFestivalwasheld.D.WheretheEdinburghFestivalFringewascelebrated.10

.WhatcanweknowabouttheCapitalFringeFestival?A.Itistheworld’slargestartsfestival.B.Ithasnofixedplacesforcelebration.C.Itcanneverbeacceptedbythepubli

c.D.Ithasalongerhistorythanotherfestivals.11.WhichofthefollowingmayBrienzaprobablyagreeaboutFringeFestivals?A.Theyraisepe

ople’sloveoffestivals.B.Theylimitthedevelopmentofarts.C.Formalartsarelookeddownupon..Chancesareofferedtounusualarts.01【山东省济南市2022-2023学年高三开学摸底考

试】Somescientistshavetracedtheincreaseinearthquakes,especiallyinareasnotknownforthepresenceoffaultlinesorpastseismic(地震的)activity,tohuman

actions.Theideaofhumanscausingearthquakesmayseemstrangeatfirst.Afterall,youcanrunaroundyourbackyardandjumpupanddownasyouwan

t,andthegroundisn’tgoingtostartshaking.However,scientistshaveidentifiedavarietyoflargescalehumanactiviti

esthatcanresultinearthquakes.Scientistshaveconfirmedover700placeswherehumanactivitieshavecausedearthquakesoverthelastce

ntury.Whilemanyhuman-relatedearthquakesaremildanddon’tcausemuchdamage,someofthemcanbeseriousanddangerous.Infact,scientistsbelievehumanactivityhas

causedearthquakeswithmagnitudesashighas7.9ontheRichterscale.Scientistsbelievemosthuman-relatedearthquakesarethe

resultofmining.AscompaniesdrilldeeperanddeeperbelowEarth’ssurfacetogetnaturalresources,holesleftbehindcancauseinstabilitythatleadstoc

ollapsesthatcauseearthquakes.Anotherhumanactivityleadingtoearthquakesisfracking(水力压裂)foroilandgas,includingthehighpressurewastewa

terprocessingthatusuallygoeswithfracking.Inthisprocess,water,sandandchemicalsarepressedundergroundunderhighpressuretobreakrockstorelease

naturalresources.Buildinglargedamscanalsocauseearthquakes.Forexample,about80,000peoplediedinChinain2008asaresul

tofa7.9-magnitudeearthquakecausedby320milliontonsofwaterthathadbeencollectedintheZipingpuReservoirafteralargedamwasbuiltoveraknownfaultline.Thes

earen’ttheonlyhumanactivitiesthatcanresultinearthquakes,though.Scientistspointoutthatearthquakescanalsobecausedbyoth

erhumanactivities,suchasconstructionofskyscrapersandnuclearexplosions.12.Whatdoestheunderlinedpart“faultlines”inPar

agraph1referto?A.Regionswithactivehumanactions.B.Placesassociatedwithnaturalbalance.C.Zoneswherenaturalresourcesarerich.D.

Areaswhereearthquakestendtohappen.13.Whatdominingandoilproducinghaveincommon?A.Theybreakthebalanceofna

ture.B.Theydestroythestabilityofrocks.C.Theyusehighpressuretogetresources.D.TheydomuchdamagetoEarth’ssurface.14.Whatcanbein

ferredfromParagraph4?A.The2008earthquakeistheworstinhistory.B.Constructionofdamsshouldbestopped.C.Tonsofwatermustcauseearthqua

kes.D.Thelocationofadammattersmuch.15.Whatdoesthetextmainlytellus?A.Naturepunisheshumansbymeansofearthquakes.B.Progresshasbeenmadeonearthquake

research.C.Humansaretoblameforsomeearthquakes.D.Earthquakesarenolongernature-made.02【湖南省长沙市长郡中学2022-2023学年高三上学期入学考试】Alargebodyofresearchhasbeendevelo

pedinrecentyearstoexplainmanyaspectsofwillpower.Mostoftheresearchersexploringself-controldosowithanobviousgoalinmind:Howcanwillpowerbestrengthened?

Ifwillpoweristrulyalimitedresource,astheresearchsuggests,whatcanbedonetomakeitstaystrong?Avoidingtemptation(诱惑)isaneffectiv

emethodformaintainingself-control,whichiscalledthe“outofsight,outofmind”principle.Onerecentstudy,forinstance,foundofficeworkerslessattractedtocandy

inthedeskdrawerthanthatontopoftheirdesks,inplainsight.Theresearchsuggestingthatwepossessalimitedreservoir

ofself-controlraisesatroublingquestion.Whenwefacetoomanytemptations,arewetofail?Notnecessarily.Researchersdon’tbelievethatone’swi

llpowerisevercompletelyexhausted.Rather,peopleappeartoholdsomewillpowerinreserve,savedforfuturedemands.Therightmoti

vationallowsustotapintothosereserves,allowingustocarryonevenwhenourself-controlstrengthhasbeenrundown.Highmotivationmighthelpovercomeweakene

dwillpower-atleasttoapoint.Willpowermayalsobemadelessvulnerable（脆弱）tobeingexhaustedinthefirstplace.Researcherswhostudyself-controlof

tendescribeitasbeinglikeamusclethatgetstiredwithheavyuse.Butthereisanotheraspecttothemusclecomparison,theysay

.Whilemusclesbecomeexhaustedbyexerciseintheshortterm,theyarestrengthenedbyregularexerciseinthelongterm.Similarly,regu

larpracticesofself-controlmayimprovewillpowerstrength.Theevidencefromwillpower-exhaustionstudiesalsosugg

eststhatmakingalistofresolutionsonNewYear’sEveistheworstpossibleapproach.Beingexhaustedinoneareacanreducewillpowerinotherareas,soitmakesmoresenset

ofocusonasinglegoalatatime.Inotherwords,don’ttrytoquitsmoking,adoptahealthydietandstartanewexerciseplanatthesametime.Takinggoalsonebyoneisabettera

pproach.Onceagoodhabitisinplace,Baumeistersays,you’llnolongerneedtodrawonyourwillpowertomaintainthebehavior.Eventuallyhealthyhabitswillb

ecomeroutine,andwon’trequiremakingdecisionsatall.8.Fromthestudiesinthepassagewelearnthat.A.peoplehaveunlimitedself-controlB.hi

ghmotivationensuresone’ssuccessC.willpowerishardlycompletelyexhaustedD.toomanytemptationsoftenleadtofailure9.Theunderlinedph

rase“tapinto”inParagraph3mostprobablymeans.A.makeuseofB.runoutofC.buildD.increase10.Theauthorcomparesself–co

ntroltomuscles.A.toprovethelong-termeffectofwillpowerB.toshowthesignificanceofregularexerciseC.toarguethatself-controlca

nbeeasilyusedupD.toexplainthebenefitsofpracticingself-control11.Todevelopagoodhabit,whichofthefollowingdoestheauthorprefe

r?A.“Iwillgiveupdessertanddoexercise.”B.“Iwillsetthreegoalsthisnewsemester.”C.“IwillreadanEnglishnoveleverymonth.”D.“Iwillkeepmyselffroman

ytemptation.”02【湖南省长沙市长郡中学2022-2023学年高三上学期入学考试】MidwaythroughTheMatrix,Cypherfeastsonanenormoussteak,wellawarethathisrealityisnotreal,parto

fadigitalprogramtellinghisbrainthatthesteakisaconstructionandthatitis“juicyanddelicious.”Twodecadesafterthemoviemadeitsfirstappearance,somethingunexp

ectedarises:Thefutureofrealitywillnotonlybevirtualbutalsosynthetic(合成的).Cypher’sfuturemealwillbeaphysicalone,synthesizedfromanimalcells.Andt

hesynthesisgoesbeyonddinner.Startingwithcomponentsfromthenaturalworld,scientistsarelearningtoengineermicroorganismsandbuildbiocomputing

systems.However,biologyhasatendencytoevolveinunexpectedways.Synthesizedmeatisonecaseinpoint.Thedrivingforcesbehindthemeatmovementarepractical.Ithasbe

enestimatedthatcultured(培育的)meatwouldrequire7to45percentlessenergyandproduce78to96percentlessgreenhousegasthanconventionalanimal

sfarmedforconsumption.Butoncewe’reabletosynthesizemeat,theoretically,we’llhavethecapabilitytoculturemeatfromanyanimal,eventhosewe’dnevercon

sidereatingtoday,likedolphinsorchimpanzees,whichwillposeanewregulatorychallengeforus.Usingsyntheticbiology,wecaneveneditandrewritelife,thetechnolog

yofwhicharealreadyinuse.In2021,scientistsinsomecountriesannouncedtheyhadgrownmonkeyembryosinjectedwithhumanstemcells.Herecomesthesituationwort

hconsidering:suchamonkey-humanhybridwilldemonstratequalitiesthataresomewherebetweenhumans,onwhichexperimentationisn

’tallowed,andanimals,whichareoftenraisedspecificallyforresearch.Howwillwedecidewhenananimalbecomestoohuman?Dependingonwhereyoustand,thesyntheticre

alitieslandsomewherebetween“reallyexciting”and“criticallyconcerning.”Asindividuals,weundertakeasharedresponsibilitytomakegoodch

oicesaboutthiscomingsynthetictechnology.12.WhatdoweknowaboutCypher’ssteakinthemovie?A.Itisanythingbutappetizing.B.Itisenjoyedi

navirtualworld.C.Itissynthesizedfromanimalcell.D.Itisaconstructionmadebyhimself.13.What’stheadvantageofsynthesizedmeat

?A.Itismorenutritious.B.Itismoreenergy-consuming.C.Itismoreenvironment-friendly.D.Itismorecontrollable

inregulation.14.Whatistheauthor’sattitudetotheexperimentinParagraph4?A.Cautious.B.Favorable.C.Pessimistic

.D.Indifferent.15.Whatisthepurposeofthetext?A.Topopularizesynthetictechnology.B.Toindicatechallengesofsyn

thetictechnology.C.Tostresstheimportanceofsynthetictechnology.D.Tointroducethedevelopmentofsynthetictec

hnology.03【广东省2022-2023学年新高三开学大联考】QueenElizabethII’sfaceisoneverynoteandcoinintheUnitedKingdom,butstilllittleisknownabouthowmuchmoneysheh

aspersonally,howshegetsitandwhostandstoinherit(继承)it.WhatwedoknowfrompublicrecordsisthattheQueenreceivesatleast$20mil

lioninannualincomethroughherprivateestate,andanother100milliondollarsfromtheUKgovernmenteachyear.ThefirstthingtounderstandisthattheQueen’sincom

ecomesfrombothpublicandprivatepossessions.AlargeamountofitcomesfromsomethingcalledtheSovereignGrant.Here’showthatworks.

Inthe1700s,themonarchy(王室)handedoverincomefromlandtothegovernmentknownastheCrownEstate.Eachyearthegovernmentpaysapercentageoftheprofits

madeonthosepossessionsbacktothemonarchy.ThatannualincomeisknownastheSovereignGrant.Lastyearittotaledm

orethan$107million.AnditisusedtofundtheQueen’sofficialdutiesandmaintainroyalresidenceslikeBuckinghamPal

ace.Butevenifwecan’tidentifyherexactworth,theroyalfinancesarelookinghealthyastheQueencelebratesher70thQueenCeremony.TheSundayTimesRichListestimated

theQueen’snetworthis$466million,up$6.2milliondollarsfromlastyear.AndwhiletheDuchyofLancastersawUKincomedropduringt

hepandemic,accordingtoitsfinancialrecords,theQueen’sincomehasbeenturningupwardsoverthepastdecade.Anyway,themonarchyisaprivatefamily,

andtheyareunlikelytoshareanydetailsoftheirwealthwiththeBritishpublic,andthatprobablywon’tchangeanytimesoon.8.HowdoestheQueengetherincome?A.F

romtheCrownEstate.B.FromtheSovereignGrant.C.Fromthemonarchyandthegovernment.D.Fromthegovernmentandprivatepossessions.9.What’sthemainideaofParagrap

h4?A.HowtheQueen’sincomeiscalculated.B.Howthemonarchycooperateswiththegovernment.C.HowtheSovereignGrantwor

ksandwhatthemoneyisusedfor.D.HowthemonarchygetspaidandwhattheQueen’sofficialdutiesare.10.WhatcanbeinferredabouttheQueen’sincomefromParagr

aph5?A.Itcanbeexactlyidentified.B.Itdecreasesduringthepandemic.C.Itismorethanthatfromlastyear.D.Itismorethanthatofth

eUKgovernment.11.Whichsectionmaythetextbetakenfrom?A.Health.B.History.C.Education.D.Economy.03【广东省2022-2023学年新高三开学大

联考】Areyousleepingrestlessly,forgettinglittlethings,andfeelingdepressedandlonely?Don’tworry.We’veallbee

nthere.You’reprobablyjuststressedout.Stressisn’talwaysabadthing.Itcanbehandyforaburstofextraenergyandfocus,likewhenyou’

replayingacompetitivesport,orhavetospeakinpublic.Butwhenit’scontinuous,thekindofsituationmostofusfacedaily,itactuallybeginstochangeyourbrain.Chronic

(长期的)stress,likebeingoverworkedorhavingargumentsathomefrequently,canaffectbrainsize,itsstructure,andhowitfunctions,rightd

owntothelevelofyourgenes.Aslevelsofcortisol(皮质醇)rise,electricsignalsinyourhippocampus(海马体),thepartofthebrainassociatedwit

hlearning,memories,andstresscontrol,decline.Whenthehippocampusweakens,sodoesyourabilitytocontrolyourstress.That’snotall,t

hough.Cortisolcanliterallycauseyourbraintogetsmallerinsize.Toomuchofitresultsintheshrinkingofthepartofyourbrainth

atregulatesbehaviorslikeconcentration,decision-making,judgement,andsocialinteraction.Italsoleadstofewernewbraincellsbeingma

deinthehippocampus.Thismeanschronicstressmightmakeitharderforyoutolearnandrememberthings,andalsosetthestageformoreseriousmentalproblems,likede

pressionandeventuallyAlzheimer’sdisease.It’snotallbadnews,though.Therearemanywaystochangewhatcortisoldoestoyourstressedbrain.Themostpow

erfulweaponsareexerciseandgettingintodeepthoughts,whichinvolvesbreathingdeeplyandbeingawareandfocusedonyoursurroundings.Bothoftheseactiviti

esdecreaseyourstressandincreasethesizeofthehippocampus,andthereforeyourmemoryimproves.Sodon’tfeeldefeatedbythepressuresofdailylife.Getcontro

lofyourstressbeforeittakescontrolofyou.12.Onwhichoccasioncanstressbeagoodthing?A.Whenmakingdecisions.B.Whendeliveringaspeec

h.C.Whenbeingindeepthought.D.Whenforgettinglittlethings.13.Whatmayinfluenceyourgenes’levelaccordingtothetext?A.Havingchronicstress.B.

Playingcompetitivesports.C.WorkingovertimelastFriday.D.Havingafightwithyourbrother.14.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“It”refe

rtoinParagraph6?A.Relevantbehavior.B.Toomuchcortisol.C.Socialinteraction.D.Thesmallerbraininsize.15.Whichofthefollowingcanbea

goodwaytorelievestress?A.Sleepingalot.B.Doingsportsregularly.C.Changingthecortisol.D.Havingsocialinteraction.04【山东省日照市2022-2023学年高三上学期第一

次校际联考】EveryyearfromMaytoJuly,tensofthousandsofTibetanantelopesfromregionsinQinghai,Tibetautonomousregion,andXinjiangaut

onomousregionmaketheirwaytoHohXilnaturereserveinQinghaitogivebirth.ThemothersandnewbornTibetanantelopesmakethereturn

triparoundAugust.Thisjourneyisrathertough.Morethan90percentofthefemaleanimalsgivebirtheveryyear,butonlyabout30percentofthenewborn

ssurvive.Manyofthemdieonthereturnjourney,unabletowithstandthepredators(捕食性动物)anddisease.Thegovernmenthasado

ptedsomehigh-techmethodstoassistinthesafereturnofnewbornantelopesandprotectthespecies.In2013,withthehelpoftheBeiDouNavigationSatelliteSystem,research

ersdiscoveredandconfirmedthelargestTibetanantelope“birthroom”ontheQinghai-TibetPlateau,andtheymappedthemigrationroutesofTibetanantelopes.Sinc

elate2018,asolar-powereddronehasbeenusedtomonitorthemigrationherds.“Thesolar-powereddronehasalongflyingtimewithhigh-r

esolutioncameras,whichgivesusanewunderstandingofmanyspecificroutesduringthemigrationofTibetanantelopes,”saidWuXiaomin,anexpertfromt

heShaanxiInstituteofZoology.“Forexample,thenomads(牧民)putfencesonthegrasslandtoprotectthegrass,butsometimesthesehinderthenormalactivityoftheTi

betanantelopes.”ToclearthewayfortheTibetanantelopes,thegovernmentoftheTibethastakenactioninrecentyearstogivemorepr

otectedspacetowildlife.Theyrelocatenomadsfromplacesataltitudesabove4,800meterstootherplacesintheregion.Knownas“plateauelves”,Tibetanantel

opeshaveadaptedtotheuniqueandseverenaturalconditionsoftheQinghai-TibetPlateau.AccordingtoWu,theTibetanantelopeisrecognizedasani

mportantindicatorspeciesofthenaturalecosystem.ThepopulationofTibetanantelopeshasgrown.“Witharecordedlowpopulationoffewerthan20,000inQ

inghai,thenumberhasnowreachedover70,000,”saidformerQinghaigovernorXinChangxingataneventtomarkWorldEnvironment

Day.8.WhatcanwelearnaboutTibetanantelopes?A.TheytraveltoHohXiltofindpartners.B.Only30percentofthemgive

birtheveryyear.C.TheiryearlytriptoHohXiltakesaboutonemonth.D.Thenewbornsarethreatenedbydiseasesandpredators.9.Whatisthes

olar-powereddronemainlyusedfor?A.LocatingtheTibetanantelope“birthroom”.B.RecordingTibetanantelopes’dailyactivities.C.Watchingoverthemigrati

ngTibetanantelopes.D.MappingthemigrationroutesofTibetanantelopes.10.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“hinder”inparagraph3probablymean?A.Payattentionto.B.Cau

setroublefor.C.Takecontrolof.D.Playanimportantrolein.11.HowdoesthegovernmentprotectTibetanantelopes?A.Byexpandingtheareaofreserve.B.Bydrivi

ngawaytheirpredators.C.Byencouragingnomadstoprotectthem.D.Byrelocatingthemtoaprotectedplace.04【山东省日照市2022-

2023学年高三上学期第一次校际联考】SamsungElectronicsAmericaannouncedthatGalaxydeviceownerscanmaketheirownrepairstotheGalaxyS20andS21familyofproducts,aswel

lastheGalaxyTabS7+,startingAugust2nd.SamsungiscooperatingwithiFixit,theleadingonlinerepaircommunity,t

odelivertheirSelf-Repairprogram.ThisprogramaddstoSamsung’scontinuedexpansionsforconvenientrepairforconsumersandhelpsthemwithsustai

nablesolutionstosupportamorecirculareconomybyextendingthelifeoftheirdevices,aswellasminimizinge-waste.Samsungconsumerswhowishtomaketheirownrep

airscannowpurchaserealdevicepartsandconvenient,easy-to-userepairtools,availablethroughiFixit,Samsungretail(零售)andservicelocation

s,atthesamepricingofferedtoourrepairproviders.Inaddition,Galaxydeviceownerswillhavefullaccesstoonlinerepairguidesthatprovidebothvisuala

ndwrittenstep-by-stepinstructions,andbestofall,atnocost.“Makingreplacementpartsavailableisakeysustainabilitystrategy.We’reexcitedtobeworkingdi

rectlywithSamsungandtheircustomerstoextendthelifetimeoftheirphones,”saidCEOofiFixit.Startingtoday,Galaxydeviceowners

canreplacethephonescreen,backglass,andchargingports.Inthefuture,Samsungplanstoexpandself-repairtoincludemoredevicesandrepairoptionsfromoure

xtensiveproductportfolio(档案).Furthermore,theprogrammakesiteasyforconsumerstoreturntheirthrown-awaypartsforresponsiblerecycling,asthe

newdisplaykitswillcomewithareturnlabeltoshipthrown-awaypartsbacktoSamsung—atnocosttotheconsumer.Inadd

itiontotheconvenienceofthesenewself-repairoptions,Galaxysmartphoneownershaveachoiceonhowtheycanextendthelifeofthei

rdevicesacrossSamsung’sexpansivecareoptions,including:ThroughSamsung’sperfectcarenetwork,customershaveaccesstoover11,0

00SamsungMobilecertifiedrepairtechniciansintheU.S.12.WhowilldotherepairworkundertheSelf-Repairprogram?A.TheiFixitcommuni

ty.B.TheGalaxyconsumers.C.SamsungRepairstaff.D.Thedevicesthemselves.13.WhatistheSamsungcompanyaimingtodoaccordingtoparagraph2?A.Topromoteacircular

economy.B.Tomakefulluseoftheoldparts.C.Toenrichthelifeofthephoneusers.D.ToensurebetterservicebyiFixit.14.Whichofthefollowingisfr

eeofcharge?A.TheSamsungdeviceparts.B.NewSamsungproducts.C.Thewrittenrepairinstructions.D.Theeasy-to-userepairtools.

15.Whichcanbethebesttitleforthetext?A.ANewInventionB.ANewTechnologyC.ASuccessfulCooperationD.AnInitiativepractice05【

江苏省海安市2022-2023学年高三上学期期初学业质量监测】Climatechangeleadstothreattotheworld’ssandybeaches,andasmanyashalfofth

emcoulddisappearby2100,anewstudyhasfound.Evenby2050somecoastlinescouldbeunrecognizablefromwhatweseetoday,with10%to12%fac

ingseriouserosion(侵蚀).Usingupdatedsealevelrisepredictions,theresearchersanalyzedhowbeachesaroundtheworldwouldbeinafuturewithhigherseasandmoredamagin

gstorms.Theyalsoconsiderednaturalprocesseslikewaveerosion,aswellashumanfactors—likecoastalbuildingdevelopments,allofw

hichcanaffectabeach'shealth.Thestudyfoundthatsealevelriseisexpectedtooutweigh(胜过)theseotherfactors,andtha

tthemoreheat-trappinggaseshumanputintotheatmosphere,theworsetheinfluencesontheworld’sbeachesarelikelytobe.It’shardtooverstatejusthowimportantthewor

ld'sbeachesare.Theycovermorethanonethirdoftheworld’scoastlines,andprotectcoastalareasfromstorms.Beachesarealsoimportantec

onomicengines,supportingrelaxation,tourismandotheractivities.Andinsomeareas,thebeachismorethanavacationdesti

nation.InplaceslikeAustralia,lifenearthecoastrevolves(围绕)aroundthebeachformuchoftheyear.Someoftheworld’smostpopularbeachesarealreadytakingac

tion.PlaceslikeMiamiBeacharetruckinginthousandsoftonsofsandtopatchup(修复)badlyerodedshorelines,whileothershavebuiltseawallsandbreakwatersinanattempt

toholdprecioussandinplace.Butthefinancialandenvironmentalcostsoftheseprojectsarehuge,andscientistssayrisingseasandmorepowerfulstorms,aswellasawarm

erclimate,maymakethisalosingbattle.However,theresearchersdidfindthathumanshavesomecontroloverwhathappenstothew

orld'sbeaches.Iftheworld’sgovernmentsareabletocontinuecuttingheat-trappinggaspollution,theresearchersfoundthat22%ofprojectedb

eachlossesby2050couldbeprevented,anumberthatgrowsto40%by2100ifgreenhousegasesarelimited.8.Whichofthefoll

owingmainlycausesseriousbeacherosion?A.Higherseas.B.Humanfactors.C.Damagingstorms.D.Waveerosion.9.WhatcanweinferfromParagraph3?A.St

ormsdamageonethirdofworld’scoastlines.B.Significanceofbeachescan’tbeunderestimated.C.Economicactivitiesmaycausedamagetobeaches.D.Beachesaretheon

lyeconomicengineforAustralia.10.Howdoscientiststhinkoftheactionstakentoprotectbeaches?A.Costlybutfailed.B.Effectivebutnoteno

ugh.C.Orderlybutslow.D.Enormousbutnotconstant.11.Whatisthetextmainlyabout?A.Actionshavebeentakentoprotectbeaches.B.Beachesarefacingth

ethreatofdisappearing.C.Lifeincoastalareasmainlydependsonbeaches.D.Thereexistchallengestoprotecterodedbeaches.05【江苏省海安市2022-2023学年高三上学期期初学业质量监测

】InthevillagesoftheEnglishcountryside,therearestillpeoplewhorememberthegoodolddayswhennoonebotheredtolocktheirdoors.Theresim

plywasn’tanycrimetoworryabout.Amazingly,thesehappytimesappearstilltobewithusintheworld’sbiggestcommunity.AnewstudybyDanFarmer,agiftedprogr

ammer,usinganautomatedinvestigativeprogramofhisowncalledSATAN,showsthattheownersofwelloverhalfofallWorldWideWebsiteshavesetup

homewithoutfittinglockstotheirdoors.SATANcantryoutavarietyofwell-knownhackingtricksonanInternetsitewithoutactuallybreakingin.

Farmerhasmadeprogrampubliclyavailable,amongmuchcriticism.Apersonwithevilintentcoulduseittohuntdownsitesthatareeasytostealin.Bu

tFarmerisveryconcernedabouttheneedtoalertthepublictopoorsecurityand,sofar,eventshaveprovedhimright.SATANhasdonemore

toalertpeopletotherisksthancausenewdisorder.SoistheNetbecomingmoresecure?Farfromit.Intheearlydays,whenyouvisitedaWebsite,yourbrowser

simplylookedatthecontent.NowthewebisfulloftinyprogramsthatautomaticallydownloadwhenyoulookataWebpage,andrunonyourownmachine.Theseprogram

scould,iftheirauthorswished,doallkindsofnastythingstoyourcomputer.Butlet’slookonthebrightside.Giventhel

ackoflocks,theInternetissurelytheworld’sbiggest(almost)crime-freesociety.Maybethatisbecausehackersarefundame

ntallyhonest.Orthattherecurrentlyisn’tmuchtosteal.Orbecausevandalism(蓄意破坏)isn’tmuchfununlessyouhaveaspecialdi

slikeforsomeone.Whateverthereason,let’senjoyitwhilewecan.Butexpectitalltochange,andsecuritytobecometh

enumberoneissue,whenthemostinfluentialinhabitantsoftheNetaresellingservicestheywanttobepaidfor.12.Whatdoestheunderlinedsentenceinpa

ragraph2mean?A.ManyInternetsitesarenotwellprotected.B.Thosehappytimesappearstilltobewithus.C.Theresimplywasn’tanycrimetoworryabout.D.Hacker

sdon’tactuallybreakintoanInternetsite.13.WhatcanSATANbeusedtodo?A.Topreventhackersbreakingintowebsites.B.ToinvestigatethesecurityofInternetsites.C.

ToimprovethesecurityoftheInternetsystem.D.Todownloadusefulprogramsandinformation.14.What’stheauthor’sattitudetoSATAN?A.FavorableB.In

differentC.CautiousD.Doubtful15.What’sthepurposeofthepassage?A.TopromoteandselltheSATANprogram.B.Toadvocatepeopl

efleeingfromtheInternet.C.TomakenetizensawareofthesecurityoftheInternet.D.ToinformnetizensthattheInternet

issafewithSATAN.06【河北省保定市部分学校2022-2023学年高三上学期开学考试】Appleshavealwaysplayedasignificantyetdiverseroleinhistory.T

odayapplescontinuetoastonishinmedicine,withheadlinesreportingthatanappleadayreallydoeshavehealthbenefits.In2013,researchersinOxfordsuggestedt

hateitheranappleadayorastatin(akindofdrug)seemedtobeequallysuccessfulatpreventingheartattacksandstrokesinpeopleovertheageof50.EPICstudy,oneofth

ebiggeststudiesofitskind,involveshalfamillionpeopleandlooksattheeffectsofeatingfruitandvegetablesondisease.Participant

sconsumingatleasteightportionsadayhadanastonishing22%lowerriskofheartdisease,andrisksofsomecancerswereslightlyreduc

ed.However,othercancerswereunaffected,andtherewasnorealeffectondiabetes.Howmightthehumbleapplebedeclaringwaronheartdiseaseandcancer,twoofourbiggestk

illers?Theanswermightlieinpolyphenols(多酚)inapples,whichisusefulforprotectingthefruitfromdiseaseandalsogivingitcol

orandflavor.Theyhavethepotentialtoprotectourbodybyreducingbloodstickinessandcholesterol(胆固醇)levels.Severalstudiesalsoshowareductioninbloodpressu

rewhenmorefruitandvegetablesareeaten.Furthermore,applescontainafibrecalledpectin(果胶)whichstickstocholesterolinthebody,slowingtheirabsorpt

ion.Whatisclearisthattheappleisacomplexmixofcomponents,workingtogetherforthegoodofourhealth.Butcanweeatenoughapplesadaytokeepthedoct

oraway?Eatingtoomanymaynotbeagoodidea,especiallywithariskoflastingexposuretolowlevelsofpesticide.Somepeopleareeve

nallergictoapples,andtheycanwearawayouterlayeroftooth.TheDepartmentofHealth’sadvicetoconsume“5-a-day”(incl

udingbothfruitandvegetables)mightbearealisticstartingpoint.28.Whichofthefollowingdotheresearchersagre

ewith?A.Anappleadaycansuccessfullycureheartdiseases.B.Eatingfruitandvegetablescanreducediabetesgreatly.C.Applesa

ndmedicinehavesimilareffectinsomecases.D.Thoseeatingappleshavealowerriskofallcancers.29.Whyarepolyphenolsandpectinmentionedinthetext?A.Tomakeacompar

ison.B.Togiveadviceonhealth.C.Totellwhatapplescontain.D.Toclarifyhowappleswork.30.Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase“5-a-day”inthelastparag

raphreferto?A.Anappleandfivevegetablesperday.B.Fiveapplesindifferenttimeseveryday.C.Twoapplesandthreevegetableseveryday.D.Fiveportionsoffruit

andvegetablesperday.31.Whereisthetextprobablytakenfrom?A.Abiologytextbook.B.Ahealthmagazine.C.Atravelbrochu

re.D.Anursingreport.06【河北省保定市部分学校2022-2023学年高三上学期开学考试】Emergingeconomiesstruggledtogrowthroughthe2010sandpessimismcoversthemnow.Peoplewonderhowtheyw

illpaydebtsduringtheCOVID-19andhowtheycangrowrapidlyastheydidinthepastinaneraofdeglobalisation(去全球化).Thefreshestofmanyanswerstothis

issueisthefast-spreadingdigitalrevolution.Thedigitalrevolutionisalreadyasprogressiveinemergingeconomiesasdevelopedones.Am

ongthetop30nationsbyincomefromdigitalservicesasashareofgrossdomesticproduct(GDP),16areintheemergingw

orld.Indonesia,forexample,isfurtheradvancedbythismeasurethanFranceorCanada.Andsince2017,digitalincomehasbeengrowinginemergingcountriesatana

verageannualpaceof26percent,comparedwith11percentinthedevelopedones.Howcanitbethatpoorernationsareadopti

ngcommondigitaltechnologiesfasterthantherich?Oneexplanationishabitanditsabsence.Insocietiesfilledwithphysicalstoresandservices,customersare

oftencomfortablewiththemandslowtoabandontheproviders.Incountrieswherepeoplehavedifficultyevenfindingabankoradoctor,th

eywilljumpatthefirstdigitaloptionthatcomesalong.Outsidershaveahardtimegraspingtheimpactdigitalservicescanhaveonunderserved(服务不足的)population

s.Nationslackinginschools,hospitalsandbankscanquicklybridgethesegapsbyestablishingonlineservices.Thoughonly5

percentofKenyanscarrycreditcards,morethan70percenthaveaccesstodigitalbanking.It’searlydays,too.AseconomistCarlotaPerezhasshown,te

chrevolutionslastalongtime.Innovationslikethecarandthesteamenginewerestilltransformingeconomieshalfa

centurylater.Now,thefadingeraofglobalisationwilllimitthenumberofemergingmarkets,buttheeraofrapiddigitisationhasonlyjustbegun.Thisoffersmanyd

evelopingeconomiesarevolutionarynewpathtocatchupwiththelivingstandardsofthedevelopedworld.32.Whatcanweknowaboutthedigitalrevolution?A.Itincreasesp

eople’sdebtsindeglobalisation.B.Itpreventsemergingeconomyfromdeveloping.C.Itadvancesinemerginganddevelopedeconomies.D.Itdevelo

psmostrapidlyinIndonesiaintermsofGDP.33.Wherearepeoplemorewillingtoacceptdigitalservices?A.Ineconomieslackinginonlineservices.B.Incountriessho

rtofbasicphysicalfacilities.C.Innationswithadequatestoresandservices.D.Insocietieseasytoaccessdoctorsandbanks.34.Whatdoestheauthorthink

ofthefutureofdigitisation?A.Stable.B.Hopeful.C.Depressing.D.Challenging.35.What’sthemainideaofthetext?A.Digitaltechnologysavesemergingeconomies.B.Deg

lobalisationlimitstechnologyrevolutions.C.Emergingeconomiesstruggleinthepandemic.D.Digitalrevolutiongrowsbe

tteringlobalisation.07【江苏省泰州中学2022-2023学年高三上学期期初调研考试】WeareoftenremindedofOscarWilde’ssayingthat“sarcasm(讽刺)isth

elowestformofwit”whileforgettingthefollowing“butthehighestformofintelligence”.Parentsorteachersofteenagers,inparticular,mayf

indithardtobelievethatitisactuallyasignofaflexibleandinventivemind.Yetthatisexactlywhatpsychologistsandneuroscientist

shavebeenarguing.Theyhavefoundthatsarcasmrequiresthebraintojumpthroughnumeroushoops(圈)toarriveatacorrectinterpretation,requiringmorebr

ainpowerthanliteralstatements.Ifyou’restillnotconvincedthatyourteen’sloveofsarcasmisathingworthcelebrating,considerar

ecentexperimentfromLiHuang,apsychologistatInsead’sbusinessschoolinFontainebleau,France.Intheexperime

nt,participantswerepresentedwithacandle,apackofmatchesandaboxoftacks(图钉).Theirtaskwastofindawaytoattachthecandletothewallsothatitcouldbumwithoutd

rippingwaxonthefloor.Thecorrectansweristoemptytheboxoftacks,pinittothewall,andthenplacethecandleinsideasolutionthatwillonlycometomi

ndifyouarepreparedtothinkaboutthefunctionsofeachobject.Beforeworkingontheproblem,someparticipantswereaskedtorecallasar

casticinteraction,whileothersrememberedasincereorneutralexchange.Quiteamazingly,thesarcasticmemoriesmorethandoubledtheparticipa

nts’successrate,fromaround30%tomorethan60%.Itmayinitiallyfeellikeashockwhenparentsnoticetheirchildrenusin

gsarcasm——asign,perhaps,ofamoreadult-likecynicism(愤世嫉俗)thatconflictswiththeirimpressionsoftheirchildren’syouthfulinnocence.Parents

mayfeelparticularlyhelplesswhendealingwithateenagerwhousesitinalmostallinteractions,asiftheystruggle.toexpressanysincereemotions.Butshouldweblamete

ensforapplyingthishandytool?Perhapsit’sbetterseenastheusefulpracticeofavitalability.PennyPexman,apsycholinguistatthe

UniversityofCalgaryagreesanditisforthisreasonthatshehasproducedSydneyGetsSarcastic,astorybookthatprovides

multipleexamplesofsarcasmandthereasonsitwasused.Inarecentexperimenton5-to6-year-olds,sheshowedthatchildrenwhoreadanddiscussedthestor

yfounditeasiertodetectsarcasticstatementsinafollowingtest.8.WhydoestheauthorrefertoOscarWilde’swordsatthebegin

ningofthetext?A.Togiveadefinitionofsarcasm.B.Tostressthesignificanceofsarcasm.C.Toexpresshisconcernaboutsarcasm.D.Toshowthemisunde

rstandingofsarcasm.9.WhatcanwelearnaboutsarcasticmemoriesfromLiHuang’sexperiment?A.Theytendedtostaylongwithparticipants.

B.Theyofferedcluestotheproblemtobesolved.C.Theycouldforceparticipantstofaceproblems.D.Theycontributedgreatlytoparticipant’ssuccess.10.Whatmightpar

entsthinkoftheirchildren’ssarcasm?A.Itshowstheirinnocence.B.Ithelpsthemexpressemotions.C.Itisnotappropriatefortheirage

.D.Itallowsthemtobehavelikeadults.11.What’stheauthor’spurposeinwritingthetext?A.Tourgeparentstolearnfromtheir

children’ssarcasm.B.Toteachparentshowtorespondtotheirchildren’ssarcasm.C.Toshowparentsthepositivesideoftheirchildren’ssarcasm.D.T

oremindparentstoteachtheirchildrentousewordsproperly.07【江苏省泰州中学2022-2023学年高三上学期期初调研考试】Sincetheearlytomid-2010s,socialmediaapp

shavemadeapermanenthomeinmanypeople’sphones,andspendingtimeonsocialmediahasbecomeasmuchofadailyactivityasdrinkingwater.Sincesomanypeopleareonitfo

rmuchoftheirdays—especiallykids,teens,andyoungadults—thereisincreasedconcernoverwhatsocialmediaisdoingtopeople.Manyarguethats

ocialmediaisanunhealthywaytopassthetime,andthatfalseinformationfromonlineiscausingconfusionandpanic.Thistypeofthinghappenswi

theverygenerationwhensomethingnewthatpeopledon’tunderstandcomesalong.Somanypeoplethoughtrock-and-rollwasmakingteensmorallyba

d,whichreallywasn’tthecase.Itisfairtosaythattheteenageyearsarehard,andthatteensneedanescape.Backbeforephones,teenswouldlistentorock

musicasaformofescapism,ortheywouldwatchTV,gotothemovies,skatearound,ordressupincrazyclothes.Unfortunately,alloftho

sethingsatonepointintimewereblamedforbeingabadinfluenceonyoungpeople.Socialmediaisthenewtuck-and-roll:it’sanewthing,andpeo

pledemonize(妖魔化)change.Forexample,manybelievethateverythingonsocialmediaappsisfiltered(加滤镜)andthatseeingperfectpeopleandthei

rperfectlyeditedlivesoftenleadstolotsofnegativeemotions.However,models,magazinesandmovieshavebeenusingretouching(修整)toolsfo

rphotosandmediasincePhotoshopandotherpost-productionserviceswereinvented.Socialmediahasmadeiteasiertoseemoree

ditedpictures,butsocialmediaitselfisn’tmakingpeoplewanttolookacertainway.Peopleshouldacknowledgethatthesepicturesaren’tauthentic,an

dthepostsaremadetolookgoodonpurpose.Socialmediaishottoblameforbodyconfidenceissueswhenthethingspeoplewanttolooklikearen’tevenreali

nthefirstplace.Itseemslikemostissuesaroundsocialmediaareusererrors,likeanyonecomplainingtherearetoomanypeoplebeinga

ddictedtosocialmedia.However,noteveryoneisaddictedtosocialmedia;peoplewhohaveanygrasponrealitywouldn’tspe

ndeverywakingsecondonthephone.Itisreallyuptotheindividualhowtheyusesocialmedia.Keepingupwiththefloodofposts,s

tories,andphotostakesalotoftime—manyyoungpeopleadmitthattheyspendhoursontheirphoneseveryday.Yet,thisseemslikeaneasyproblemtosolvew

henthesolutionissimplyclickingoffthephoneacouplehoursearly.Soitisclearthatmoderationisthekeytodealingwithalltheissuesaroundsocialmedia.12.Whydo

estheauthormention“rock-and-roll”inParagraph2?A.Topredictthefutureofsocialmedia.B.Tounderlinetheadvantagesofsocialmedia.C.Toanalyzewhysocialmediaisso

populartoday.D.Toexplainwhysocialmediaisregardedasnegative.13.Whatdoestheauthorthinkofpostingeditedphotosonsocialmediaapps?A.Disturbing.

B.Understandable.C.Intolerable.D.Innovative.14.Whatdoesthetextsuggestpeopledoaboutsocialmedia?A.Makethebestuseofit.B.Completelystayawayfro

mit.C.Prohibityoungpeoplefromusingit.D.Spendreasonableamountsoftimeonit.15.Whichofthefollowingisasuitabletitleforthetext?A.W

hatmakesussoaddictedtosocialmedia?B.Whyissocialmediasopopularamongteenagers?C.Shouldwedependonsocialmediaforinf

ormation?D.Isitrighttoblamesocialmediaforalltheproblems?08【河北省邯郸市2022-2023学年高三上学期摸底考试】Toeffectivelyinteract

withhumansincrowdedsocialsettings,suchasmalls,hospitals,andotherpublicspaces,robotsshouldbeabletoactivelypar

ticipateinbothgroupandone-to-oneinteractions.Mostexistingrobots,however,havebeenfoundtoperformmuchbetterwhencommunicati

ngwithindividualusersthanwithgroupsofconversinghumans.HoomanHedayatiandDanielSzafir,tworesearchersatUniversityof

NorthCarolinaatChapelHill,haverecentlydevelopedanewdata-driventechniquethatcouldimprovehowrobotscommunicatewi

thgroupsofhumans.Oneofthereasonswhymanyrobotsoccasionallymisbehavewhileparticipatinginagroupconversationisthattheiractionsheavilyrelyondatac

ollectedbytheirsensors.Sensors,however,areprone(易于遭受)toerrors,andcansometimesbedisturbedbysuddenmovements

andobstaclesintherobot’ssurroundings.“Iftherobot’scameraismaskedbyanobstacleforasecond,therobotmightnotseethatperson,andasaresult,

itignorestheuser,”Hedayatiexplained.“Basedonmyexperience,usersfindthesemisbehaviorsdisturbing.Thekeygoalofourrecentprojectwastohelpr

obotsdetectandpredictthepositionofanundetectedpersonwithintheconversationalgroup.”ThetechniquedevelopedbyHedayatiand

Szafirwastrainedonaseriesofexistingdatasets.Byanalyzingthepositionsofotherspeakersinagroup,itcanaccuratelypredictthepositi

onofanundetecteduser.Inthefuture,thenewapproachcouldhelptoenhancetheconversationalabilitiesofbothexistingandnewlydevelopedrobots.Thismightintu

rnmakethemeasiertoserveinlargepublicspaces,includingmalls,hospitals,andotherpublicplaces.“Thenextstepforuswillbetoimprovethegazebehav

iorofrobotsinaconversationalgroup.Peoplefindrobotswithabettergazebehaviormoreintelligent.Wewanttoimprovethegazebehaviorofrobotsandmakethehuman-robot

conversationalgroupmoreenjoyableforhumans.”Hedayatisaid.8.WhatisthetechniquedevelopedbyHedayatiandSzafirbasedon?A.Data.B.Cameras.C.E

xistingrobots.D.Socialsettings.9.WhatismainlytalkedaboutinParagraph2?A.Theworkingprocedureofrobots.B.Theabilityof

robotstocommunicate.C.Theexperienceoftheresearchers.D.Theshortcomingsofexistingrobots.10.Whatwillhappe

nifarobot’scameraisblocked?A.Itwillstopworking.B.Itwillbreakdown.C.Itwillabuseitsuser.D.Itwillmisbehave.11.Whatdoweknowaboutthe

newdata-driventechnique?A.Itisconsideredafailure.B.Ithasbeenusedinmalls.C.Itgetssatisfactoryresult.D.Itonlyworkswithnewrobots.08【河北省邯郸市2022-2023学年

高三上学期摸底考试】Newhigh-techshoesandinsoles(鞋垫)havebeendevelopedthatcanhelpelderly,sickanddisabledpeoplewalkwithout

fearoffallingover.UnveiledattheWearableTechnologyShowinLondononTuesday,thePathFeelinsolesandPathFindershoesfromU.K.startupWalkWithPathprovide

tactile(触觉的)andvisualfeedbacktoassistwalking.“Ifyouwalkandyoudon’thaveagoodfeelingoftheground,you’vegottobeverycareful,youkeepcheckingevery

step,youneedtolookatthegroundandseehowyouputyourlegontheground,”IddoWald,adesignengineeratWalkWithPath,tellsNewsweek.“Pathgivestheconf

idenceneededtowalkwithoutfalling.”“Wehadapatientwhosuffersfromaspinalcordinjuryandactuallyhadnofeelingoft

hegroundatallbuthecouldfeelthevibration.It’sreallyexciting.”PressuresensorsinthePathFeelinsolesprovidetactilefeedbackthatshakesthewear

er’sfeetandinformsthemwhenitistouchingtheground.ThePathFindershoesaredesignedspecificallyforParkinson’spatientswhocan’twalksmoothly.Laser

sprojectedoutoftheshoesinagreenlineaimtoprovidevisualcluestohelpthesuffererfocusonputtingonefootinfrontoftheother.Acc

ordingtotheNationalParkinsonFoundation,38percentofpeoplewithParkinson’ssufferfromfallseachyear,whileAgeUKestimates

one-in-tenpeopleovertheageof65fallover.Thehopeisthatboththeinsolesandtheshoescanhelpbringthosenumbersd

own.Bothproductsarecurrentlyinthetestingstage,withseveralLondonuniversitiesconductingtrials.Earlytestshaveseensomeusersimprovedtheirwalkingbyover5

0percent.12.HowdothePathFeelinsoleswork?A.Byshakingthewearer’sfeet.B.Bygivingthewearersoundclues.C.Byrecordingthewearer’sdata.D.B

ycountingthewearer’ssteps.13.Whatistheprobablemeaningoftheunderlinedword“vibration”inParagraph4?A.Pain.B.Shake

.C.Kick.D.Warmth.14.Whatdoweknowaboutthesmartshoes?A.Theyarepopularamongtheelderly.B.Theyarebeingfurthertested.C.Th

eywillreplacenormalshoes.D.Theycanmonitorthewearer’shealth.15.Whatcanbethebesttitleofthistext?A.SmartShoesHaveHugeMarketProspectsB.SmartShoesH

elpTreatParkinson’sDiseaseC.SmartShoesMakeWalkingMoreComfortableD.SmartShoesHelptheElderly,SickandDisabledWalk09【江苏省南京市2022-2023学年高三上学期期初考试】Pla

sticfishingnets,theso-calledghostnets,abandonedyearlyinthesea—about1milliontons—aremorethanjustrubbish;they’reakiller.Fish,seabirds,andturtlesge

tcaughtinthenettinganddie,withmorespeciesatrisk.Muchshockedatthis,PranveerSinghRathore,amaterials-scienceengineerandmaterialsR

&DmanageratSamsung,andhisteamsetthemselvesthetaskofgivingnewlifetothedeadlynets.Lastmonth,SamsungrevealedanewlineofGalaxyproduc

tsmadeinpartfromrecycledplasticfishingnetsforthefirsttime.Thecompanyestimatesthisyearaloneitcanrecycleover50tonsofocean-boundplasticint

othekeycomponentsthatwillgointoitssmartphones,tablets,andcomputers,thustakingabiteoutoftheglobalghostnetsproblem.I

t’snosmalltasktogivewastefishingnetsasecondact.Thenetsaretypicallymadeofasubstancecallednylonwhichtendstodr

amaticallydegrade(降解)thelongeritsitsintheoceanandisexposedtothesun.“Thismakesitnearlyimpossibletouseaban

donedfishingnetsdirectly,”Rathoreexplains.Besides,high-performancesmartphone,tablet,orPChastobewaterproofandcansurvivese

vereweather.Thenyloninthefishingnetsfallsfarshortofthatlevelofdurability(耐用).Todealwiththatproblem,Samsunglastsummerteamedupwithtwopa

rtners:onetocollectandtransformthenetsintotinynylonpellets(颗粒)whiletheothertostrengthentheirtoughnessanddurabi

lity.Theendresult:Thepartnershituponaneco-friendlyandhigh-performanceplasticmaterialthat’sbeingusedtobuildthecomponentpartsforit

slatestlineofproducts.Forexample,twopartsoftheGalaxyS22mobilephone—thekeybracketandtheinnercover—aremadeoft

hesefishing-netplasticmaterials.Samsungaimstouseevenmoreupcycledmaterialsinfutureproductlines.“That’sthehopefortheglobeandourmission,”Rathoresm

iles.8.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“this”inparagraph2referto?A.Rubbishinthesea.B.Recyclingthedeadlynets.C.Oceanspecies’extinction.D.Ghostnets’threatto

sealife.9.Whatisparagraph3mainlyabout?A.Thelowlevelofdurabilityofnylon.B.Thesecondactofwastefishingnets.C.Thegreatdifficultyinreusingghostne

ts.D.ThepositivecommentonSamsung’sproducts.10.WhatisspecialaboutSamsung’snewGalaxyproducts?A.Theyaremadef

romtinynylonpellets.B.Theyputanendtotheproblemoffishingnets.C.Theycanstanduptowaterandsevereweather.D.Th

eycontainmaterialsrecycledfromghostnets.11.WhatcanwelearnaboutRathore’swork?A.Itmakesplasticeasiertobreakdo

wn.B.ItmarkstheshiftofSamsung’smission.C.Itprotectstheplanetfromchokingonplastic.D.Itraisespublicawarenessofoceanexploration.09【江苏省南京市2022-2023学年

高三上学期期初考试】Tofigureoutifwecandieofboredom,wefirsthavetounderstandwhatboredomis.Forhelp,IcalledJamesDanckert,apsychologistwhost

udiesboredomattheUniversityofWaterlooinCanada.“Alotofpeoplethinkaboutbeingboredasbeinglazy.Andit’sabsolu

telynotthat,”hesays.“Boredpeoplewanttobeengagedwiththeirworld,eagertodosomethingsatisfyingandexciting.Butanyattempttodosoisfailing.”

Thatmeansboredomisusuallyveryupsetting.Anditcanhavephysicalconsequences.Inoneofhisexperiments,Danckert

madepeopleextremelyboredbyshowingthemavideooftwopeoplehangingclothestodry.Hefoundthatwhenpeoplegotbored,theirheartsbeatfasterandtheirleve

lsofahormonecalledcortisol(皮质醇)wentup,comparedtowhentheywatchedanothervideothatmadethemsad.Thesephysicalchangesweresigns

thatboredomwasstressingthemout.“It’snotlikehavingafull-onpanicattack,”Danckertsays.Butit’scertainlyenoughtomakeboredomunpleasant.Let’scomebacktoi

fboredomcankillyou.Backinthe1980s,scientistsaskedpeoplewhoworkedfortheBritishgovernmentawholebunchofquestions,includinghowboredtheyfeltin

theirdailylives.Thestudytrackedtheparticipantsovertime.Whenanyoneofthemdied,thesurveyrecordedthecauseofdeath.In2010,two

researchersmatchedupthesecausesofdeathwiththeparticipants’levelofboredom.Itturnedoutthatpeoplewhosaidtheyweremoreboredwerealsomorelikelyto

havediedofheartdisease.“Weknowthatprolongedexposuretostressisbadforyourhealth,”Danckertsays.Asingleboringdaycan’tkillyou.Butifyou’

realwaysbored,thestresscouldaddupintosomethingdangerous.“Ohno,”youmightbethinking.“Schoolisboring,myfriendsareboring,everythingisbori

ng!What’sgoingtohappentome?”Don’tworry,Danckertsays:“Asyougetolder,yougetlessbored,”mainlybecauseyougai

nmoreindependenceandhavetogetbusytoachieveyourlong-termgoals.Andtrustme:that’sanythingbutboring.12.AccordingtoJamesDanckert,peoplefeelboredbecause__

______.A.theyaretoolazytodoanythingB.theycan’tgainexcitementinlifeC.theyaretoofrightenedtohaveatryD.theycan’

tfullyunderstandboredom13.Whatcanwelearnfromparagraph2?A.Doinghouseworkwillmakepeoplebored.B.People’sheartrateincreaseswit

hboredom.C.Physicalchangescanleadtoextremeboredom.D.Watchingsomethingsadisaboringexperience.14.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“prolo

nged”inparagraph3mean?A.Continued.B.Repeated.C.Sudden.D.Active.15.WhatdoesDanckertrecommendtosavepeoplefromboredom?A.Dependingonfriends.B.Setti

nglong-termgoals.C.Keepingyourselfoccupied.D.Trustingpeoplearoundyou.10【湖南省部分校教育联盟2022-2023学年高三上学期入学摸底测】Jeweler,ma

kinganameforherselfinEurope,findsheruniquecraftsmanshipisattractingagrowingaudience,ChinaDailyreports.OnMarch15,theacademiccommitteeofTheMuseumofDeco

rativeArtsinParishelditsannualroundtableconferencetoexpanditscollection.Itwasrare,but12expertsallagreedonwelcomingFeuilledeGinkgo,thecrea

tionofFengJi,intothemuseumaspartofthepermanentcollection.Theartworkhasbeenshowntothepublicsincethemidd

leofApril.ThisisthefirsttimethatajewelryartistfromtheChinesemainlandhasbeenrecognizedbyanationalmuseuminEurope,andattheageof36,Fenghasbeco

metheyoungestjewelryartistwhoseworkwasincludedinthepermanentcollectionofthiscenturies-oldartpalace.TheinspirationofF

euilledeGinkgocomesfromajourneytoJardindeGiverny,thebotanicalgardenthatinspiredClaudeMonet.“Iwassoenchantedbythespeciesofallexoti

cplantsandthelayoutofthegarden.EventhedreamIhadtheregavemelotsofideas,”saysFeng.EvelynePosseme,executivedirectorofthemuseum,praised

:“Thetalentoftheyoungartistimpressedmesomuchthatwecouldn’tmissthisFeuilledeGinkgo.Comparingtothecenturies-oldartworksthatarepreviouslyco

llectedbythemuseum,Feng’suniqueartisticstylesymbolizesthefutureofjewelry.”Inherjewelry,createdwithbotanicalelementssuchasgink

goleaves,taroliliesanddahlias,peoplecanseeheradaptationoftheclassicnaturalisticstyle,astylethatoriginatedintheearly19thcenturywhenj

ewelerswereinfluencedbythedevelopmentofarchaeology,botanyandtheRomanticpoetstoincorporatedecorativepatternsofpl

antsandfruitsintotheirjewelry.AsthefirstjewelryartistfromtheChinesemainlandwhogotinvited,sheisreadytoshowhercreationatP

arisAntiquesBiennaleinthecomingNovember.Preparetheworldtobeshocked.28.Whatcanbeinferredfromthepassage?A.ItwasthefirsttimeforthatMuseumtoho

ldtheroundtableconference.B.AlltheexpertsdonotagreeonwhethertoacceptthecreationofFeng.C.Feng’smasterpiecebecameacollect

ionofthatMuseuminherthirties.D.TheartworkcreatedbyFenghasbeenondisplaysinceMarch15th.29.Whichofthefollowingcanbe

streplacetheunderlinedword“enchanted”?A.puzzledB.fascinatedC.shockedD.discouraged30.WhatisthepurposeofmentioningEvelynePosseme?A.Toprese

ntthetalentofyoungartists.B.Tocomparewiththeold-fashionedartwork.C.Topredictthefutureofthejewelrydesign.D.Tostressthesignificanceof

Feng’screation.31.Whatismostlikelytobediscussedafterthelastparagraph?A.Hernewestartworkforthecomingexhibition.B.Jewelryartistsfromthemai

nlandofChina.C.InvitedguestsfortheParisAntiquesBiennale.D.Feng’sstrongdesiretotouraroundtheworld.10【湖南省部分校教育

联盟2022-2023学年高三上学期入学摸底测】Despitethefactthatpeoplecan’tremembermuchbeforetheageof2or3,researchsuggeststhatinfants(婴儿)canformmemo

ries—justnotthekindsofmemoriesyoutellaboutyourself.Infact,therearelotsofdifferentkindsofmemoriesbesidesthosethatareautobiographical.Thereareseman

ticmemories,ormemoriesoffacts,likethenamesfordifferentvarietiesofapples,orthecapitalofyourhomestate.Therearealsoproceduralmemories,ormemo

riesforhowtoperformanaction,likeopeningyourfrontdoorordrivingacar.But,ifinfantscanformmemoriesintheirfirstfewmonths,whydo

n’tpeoplerememberthingsfromthatearlieststageoflife?Itstillisn’tclearwhetherpeopleexperienceinfantilelossofmemorybecausewec

an’tformautobiographicalmemories,orwhetherwejusthavenowaytoretakethem.Nooneknowsforsurewhat’sgoingon,butsc

ientistshaveafewguesses.Oneisthatautobiographicalmemoriesrequireyoutohavesomesenseofself.Youneedtobeabletothinkaboutyourbehaviorwi

threspecttohowitrelatestoothers.Researchershavetestedthisabilityinthepastusingamirrorrecognitiontaskcalledtherouge(胭脂)test.Iti

nvolvesmarkingababy’snosewithaspotofredlipstickorblush—or“rouge”astheysaidinthe1970swhenthetaskwascreate

d.Thenresearchersplacetheinfantinfrontofamirror.Infantsyoungerthan18monthsjustsmileatthecutebabyinthereflection,notshowinganyevid

encethattheyrecognizethemselvesortheredmarkontheirface.Between18and24months,toddlerstouchtheirownnose,evenlookingembarrassed,suggestingthatth

eyconnectthereddotinthemirrorwiththeirownface—theyhavesomesenseofself.Anotherpossibleexplanationisthatbecauseinfantsdon’thave

languageuntillaterinthesecondyearoflife,theycan’tformnarrativesabouttheirownlivesthattheycanlaterrecall.Finally,thehippocampus,whichistheregio

nofthebrainthat’slargelyresponsibleformemory,isn’tfullydevelopedintheinfancyperiod.32.Whatcouldbethesuitabletitleforthepassage?A.

Whethercaninfantsformmemories?B.Howcanpeoplerecalltheirstageof2or3?C.Whycouldn’tinfantskeeptheirearlymemories?D.Whichpa

rtofbrainisresponsibleformemorizing?33.Whywastherougetestcarriedout?A.Totellthedifferencebetweenbabiesofcertainages.B.Toexamin

ebabies’abilitytorecognizethemselves.C.Toexperimentbabies’actionofusingtherouge.D.Toidentifytheinteractionb

etweenbabiesandtheirreflections.34.Whichofthefollowingwouldscientistsprobablydisagreewith?A.Babiescanformautobiographicalmem

oriesattheageof2or3.B.Thehippocampushasn’tbeenwell-developedintheinfancyperiod.C.Oneofthecausesofinfantilelossofmemoryislackofselfr

ecognition.D.Babiesbefore2can’trecalltheearlymemorybyusinglanguagesmoothly.35.Whichsectionofamagazineisthi

spassageprobablytakenfrom?A.Health.B.Entertainment.C.Lifestyle.D.Science.11【河北省名校联盟2022-2023学年高三上学期开学考试】Onethingthatsetscyclingapar

tfrommostothersportsattheOlympicsistechnology.Withtheexceptionofafewothersports,suchassailingandrowing,mosteven

tsthattakeplaceattheSummerGamesusuallyjustcomedowntotheperformancesoftheathletes.Theytrytoswimandrunfaster,jumpandcl

imbhigher,liftandhitwithmorestrength.Incycling,thecompetitionissoclose-oftenahundredthofasecondseparatesriders-thatthedifferenceinwinningandlosin

gcanbefoundinthechain,thewheels,andeventhehelmetthattheychoosetowear.ThatiswhytheUSteammadeheadlinesatRio2016OlympicsGames,whenitr

olledoutanewbikedesignthatmovedtheentiredrivechainfromtherightsidetotheleft.Itmightnotcatchtheattentionoftheaveragebicyclists,whoproba

blydon’tevennoticewhichsidethedrivechainisontheirownbikes.ButitcausedplentyofoutcryfromtheOlympicCommittee,sinceOlympicrules

statethatanybikeusedincompetitionmustbemadeavailabletothepublic.ButtheAmericanbike-makerFeltBicyclesonlysoldthenewbikestotheAmericantea

m.Theprice?$25,999perbike.ThentheBritishadoptedamoretactful(圆滑的)strategy.ItteamedupwithbikemakerHopeTechnologytocreatesomethingextremelyexp

ensivefortheTokyoOlympicsGamesthisyear.Theframealonesellsforabout$23,500.Another$12,000forthewheels.Throwingintheexpensivesuits,oilforchains,andsu

nglassesandshoes,theinvestmentneededtocompeteforacyclingmedalcanbealmostunaffordableformostoftheathletes.8.Whichgamedepe

ndslessheavilyontechnology?A.Sailing.B.Rowing.C.Jumping.D.Cycling.9.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“outcry”inparagraph2mostprobablymean?A.Criticism.B

.Praise.C.Excitement.D.Curiosity.10.Whatcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraph?A.TheBritishathletesenjoyunfairadvantages.B.Hope

Technologyismorewillingtohelpall.C.HopeTechnologywantstosavemoremoney.D.TheBritishteamhasbrokentheOlympicrules.11.Inwhichsectionofane

wspapermaythistextappear?A.Politics.B.Sports.C.Advertisement.D.Economy.11【河北省名校联盟2022-2023学年高三上学期开学考试】Backinthe1980swhenmonkeypox(猴痘)

wasstillanextremelyraredisease,scientistskeptwarning:Overtime,themonkeypoxoutbreakswillincrease.Atthattime,ther

ewereonlyabout50monkeypoxcasesayearinWestandCentralAfricawherepeoplecaughtthediseasemainlyfromdirectcontactwith

wildanimals.Infectionbetweenhumanswasverylimited.Butin2022,theworldisfacingthefirstinternationaloutbreak,withmorethan5,000casesreportedin44countr

ieswithinsixmonths.Sohowcouldthescientistsknowinthe1980sthatmonkeypoxwouldgrowinsizeandspreadinternationally?Theirwarningswerebas

edonthesuccessfulcampaignagainstsmallpox(天花),oneofthedeadliestdiseasesinhumanhistory,whichkilledupto30%ofthepeopleinfec

ted.Thankstoaworldwidecampaign,smallpoxdisappearedinthelate1970s.However,theendofsmallpoxopenedthedoorform

onkeypoxtoemerge.Monkeypox,whosepresentversionkillslessthan1%ofpeopleinfected,iscloselyrelatedtosmallpox.Havingasmallpoxinfection-orasmallpox

vaccine(疫苗)-offersreallygoodprotectionagainstsmallpoxaswellasmonkeypox.Perhapsabout85%protection.Butinthelate1970s,theworldstoppedva

cciningpeopleforsmallpox.Sooverthepastdecades,humanresistancetosmallpoxandmonkeypoxhasdroppedsharply.“We’reactuallyatapointwhereourimmu

nityagainstmonkeypoxisthelowestinthousandsofyears,”saysJoWalkeroftheYaleSchoolofPublicHealth.Withoutsomeresist

anceagainstthedisease,peoplearemorelikelytocatchmonkeypoxfromanimalsandspreadittosomeoneelse.Soitistimethatpeoplewhomightcomeintoc

ontactwithinfectedpeoplewerevaccinedformonkeypox.Otherwise,itcouldbecomeapermanentpresenceintheworld,sinceeverytimethere’sanout

breakthevirushasachancetofigureouthowtospreadmorequicklyamongpeople.Indeed,thisnewoutbreakinEuropemaybeasignthatthe

virushaschanged-evenifjustabit-andmaybeincreasingitsabilitytospreadamongpeople.12.Whatcanbelearnedaboutmonkeypox?A.Itcanb

emoredangerousthansmallpox.B.Itrarelyspreadfromanimalstohumans.C.Theoutbreakswerenotseriousinthe1980s.D.Scientistsaresurprisedby

thepresentoutbreaks.13.Whatdoesparagraph4mainlyfocuson?A.Thecauseofthepresentoutbreaks.B.Thedisappearanceofsmallpox

.C.Thepotentialdangerofsmallpox.D.Thetreatmentofmonkeypox.14.WhatmightJoWalkerstronglyadvisegovernmentstodo?A.Killalltheinfecte

dwildanimals.B.Developaspecialvaccinefortreatment.C.Lockdowntheinfectedcountries.D.Vaccinethoseinpossiblecontactwiththe

infected.15.Whatistheauthor’sattitudetothepresentoutbreakinEurope?A.Skeptical.B.Worried.C.Overjoyed.D.Uncaring.