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2023届高三英语名校新题快递--10月月考专辑专题03阅读理解之说明文原卷版【01】2023届广东省六校高三上学期第二次联考【02】安徽省皖豫名校联盟2022-2023学年高三上学期第一次联考【03】广东省广州

市第五中学2022-2023学年高三上学期10月月【04】浙江省强基联盟2022-2023学年高三上学期10月联考【05】湖南省长沙市长郡中学2022-2023学高三上学期月考卷（二）【06】河南省实验中学2022-2023学年高三上学期第二次月考【07】湖南省长沙市

长郡中学2022-2023学高三上学期月考卷（二）【08】浙江省C8名校协作体2022-2023学年高三上学期第一次联考【09】甘肃省张掖市2022-2023学年高三上学期第一次诊断考试【10】浙江省C8名校协作体2022-2023学年高三上学期第一次联考【11】江苏省南京师范大学附属中学

2022-2023学年高三上学期第一次月考【12】江苏省苏州市2022〜2023学年高三上学期八校联考【13】2023届广东省六校高三上学期第二次联考【14】湖南省长沙市雅礼中学2022-2023学年高三上学期月考二【15】江苏省泰州中学2022

-2023学年高三上学期第一次月检【16】河北省邢台市六校联考2022-2023学年高三上学期第一次月考【17】江苏省泰州中学2022-2023学年高三上学期第一次月检【18】江苏省泰州中学2022-2023学年高三上学期第一次月检【19

】江西省名校高中2022-2023学年高三上学期联合测评【20】湖北省荆州荆门宜昌三校2022-2023学年高三上学期联考试题【21】广东省深圳市重点高中2023届高三上学期第二次月考【22】江苏省南京市2023届高三上学期10月学情调查考试【23】湖北省襄阳市重点

高中2022-2023学年高三上学期第二次月考【24】山东省潍坊市五县市2022-2023学年高三10月统考【01】2023届广东省六校高三上学期第二次联考Theworld’sbiggestelectricvehicle—a45-t

onminingdumptrucknamedtheeDumper—mayhavetogiveupitsthrone.Thenewcomer,poweredwithbothelectricityandarese

rveofhydrogenfuel,isgoingtostealthattitleasthelargestelectricminingtruck.London-basedAngloAmericanisdevel

opingthebeastofamachine—itweighs290tons—aspartofitssustainableminingvision.Theconceptualworkisdone,butU.K-basedWilliamsAdvanced

Engineeringwillbringthetrucktolife.Theideaistoreplacethevehicle’sdieselengine(柴油机)withahigh-powermodularlithium-ionbattery(锂电池).“Wea

redelightedtobeinvolvedinthisinnovativeandexcitingprojectwhichshowsthepotentialofbatterytechnologythatcanadapttoincreased

demands,fromautomotiveandmotorsportto‘heavyduty’industrialapplications,”CraigWilson,managingdirectorofWilliamsAdvancedEngineering,s

aid.WhiletheeDumper—aminingtruckusedtomovestonesfromthesidesofmountainsinSwitzerland—reliesentirelyonpureelectr

icityandpurephysicsforpower,theAngloAmericantruckwillusebothalithium-ionbatteryandahydrogenfuelcell(电池)module.Alt

ogether,thenewtruckwillhaveover1,000Kilowatthoursofenergystorage.Hydrogenfuelisaclearfuelthatproduceson

lywaterasaby-productwhenconsumedinafuelcell.It’stypicallyproducedfromnaturalgas,nuclearpower,orrenewablewindandsolarpower.Addinghydrog

enfuelcellstothevehicle’sbatterywillallowthetrucktorunforlongerperiodsoftimewithoutrecharging.There’salsoa

thirdtypeofpowerthatcomesintoplaywiththeAngloAmericantruck:kinetic(动力的)energycreatedthroughtheprocessofregener

ativebraking(再生制动系统).Whenanelectricvehicle—beittheAngloAmericantruck,ortheeDumper—rollsdownahill,thatmovemen

tcreateselectricalenergyforthebatteryasyoubrake.Theelectricmotorspowerthecarthroughthebattery’sstoredenergy,butcanalsobecomeminigen

eratorsthatreturnsomeenergybacktothebattery.AfterAngloAmericanfinishestesttrialswiththetruck,thefirmwillconductstudiestounderstandhowthetr

uck’spowerunitscanbeusedtoprovideenergystorageinotherapplications.8.Whatcanbeknownabout“theeDumper”?A.Itweighsmorethan290tons.B.Itispoweredbyhydrog

enfuel.C.Itwillnolongerbethelargestelectrictruck.D.Itwilldiscouragebuyersforbeingexpensive.9.WhatcanbeinferredfromCraigWilson’swords?A.Batte

rytechnologyisthekeytoupdatingvehicles.B.Batterytechnologyisthebasisofmanufacturingtrucks.C.Thedevelopmentofthelithium-ionba

tteryislimited.D.Thefutureofthelithium-ionbatteryispromising.10.Whatisthebenefitofadoptinghydrogenfuelcells?A.Itcansavealotof

money.B.Vehiclesbecomemoreeco-friendly.C.Ithasnoenvironmentalimpactatall.D.Vehiclesnolongerneedtoberecharged.11.Accordingtoparagraph5,wh

ichofthefollowingcanbeafeatureofregenerativebraking?A.Autonomousbraking.B.Energytransformation.C.Simpleoperation.D.zero-carbonemission.【02】安徽省

皖豫名校联盟2022-2023学年高三上学期第一次联考TheAlps’glaciers(冰川)areontrackfortheirhighestmasslossesinatleast60yearsofrecordkeeping,datasharedwith

Reutersshows.Bylookingatthedifferenceinhowmuchsnowfellinwinter,andhowmuchicemeltsinsummer,scientistscanmeasurehowmuchaglacierhasshrunkinanygiven

year.Sincelastwinter,whichbroughtrelativelylittlesnowfall,theAlpshavegonethroughtwobigearlysummerheatwaves—includingoneinJuly

markedbytemperaturesnear30ºCintheSwissmountainvillageofZermatt.Duringthisheatwave,theelevation(海拔)atwhichwaterfrozewasmeasuredatarecordhighof5,184m

eters—atanaltitudehigherthanMontBlanc’s—comparedwiththenormalsummerlevelofbetween3,000-3,500meters.Mostoftheworld’smountainglaciersareshrinkingdueto

climatechange.ButthoseintheEuropeanAlpsareespeciallyvulnerable(脆弱的)becausetheyaresmallerwithrelativelylittleicec

over.Meanwhile,temperaturesintheAlpsarewarmingataround0.3ºCperdecade—aroundtwiceasfastastheglobalave

rage.Ifgreenhousegasemissionscontinuetorise,theAlps’glaciersareexpectedtolosemorethan80%oftheircurrentmassb

y2100.Manywilldisappearregardlessofwhateveractionistakennow,thankstoglobalwarmingbakedinbypastemissions,accordingtoa2019re

portbytheUNIntergovernmentalPanelonClimateChange.Swissresidentsworrythattheglacierlosseswillhurttheireconomy.SomeskiresortsoftheA

lps,whichrelyontheseglaciers,nowcoverthemselveswithwhitesheetstoreflectsunlightandreducemelting.Swissgla

ciersfeatureinmanyofthecountry’sfairytales,andtheAletschGlacierisconsideredaUNESCOWorldHeritageSite.“Losingtheglaciersmeanslosing

ournationalheritageandouridentity,”saidhikerBernardinChavaillaz.12.WhathappenedtotheelevationatwhichwaterfrozeintheAlps?A.Itrem

ainedunchanged.B.Itincreasedsharply.C.Itreachedanewlow.D.Itdroppednoticeably.13.What’sthemainpurposeofparagraph3?A.Toshowtemperaturesarerising

intheAlps.B.Toproveclimatechangeleadstoheatwaves.C.ToexplainwhytheAlps’glaciersareindanger.D.TopredictwhatwillhappentotheAlps’glaciers.14.Whatdi

dBernardinChavaillazexpressinthelastparagraph?A.Hisadviceonprotectingglaciers.B.Hisconfusioninfindinghisidentit

y.C.Hisconcernoverthelossofglaciers.D.Hisinterestinimprovingtheeconomy.15.Whatwouldbethebesttitleforthetext?A.GlaciersintheAlpsAreDis

appearingRapidlyB.ClimateChangeIsPresentingaThreattotheAlpsC.SummerHeatwavesHittheAlpsMoreFrequentlyD.Measure

sAreNeededtoProtecttheAlps’Glaciers【03】广东省广州市第五中学2022-2023学年高三上学期10月月Parentingtechniquesmayhavelonglastingcons

equencesforbehavior—evenwhenitcomestodogs.ResearchersattheUniversityofPennsylvaniastudiedtheearlydevelopment,parentingandthefollo

wingperformanceof98puppieswhounderwentguidedogtraining.Dogswhoreceivedmoreindependenceandlesssupportfromtheirmothersweremorelikelytobesuccessfulin

becomingaguidedog.ThestudywaspublishedMondayinthejournalProceedingsoftheNationalAcademyofSciences.Mom-pupinteractionswereusedtodefinehowhighl

yinvolvedthepuppy’smotherswere.Puppiesraisedwithhighlyinvolvedmothersweremorelikelytobereleased—ordroppedoutf

romtheguidedogprogram—comparedtothosewithlessattentivemothers.“Toomuchofagoodthingcanbeabadthing,”saidle

adstudyresearcherEmilyBray.Althoughthestudycouldn’tdefinitelypointtowhatwasdrivingthiseffect,“onepos

sibilityisthatthedogsthatarehavingoverbearing(专横的)mothersarenevergiventhechancetodealwithsmallchallen

gesontheirown,andisharmfultotheirlaterbehaviorandoutcomeintheirproblemsolving.Anotherpossibilityisthatthepuppiesforwhomthemothersarealwaysaro

undarealsothemostanxiousorstressed,”sheexplained.“WhatIwashappyaboutwasthatthereisastudybeingdoneaboutearl

ylifeexperiencesindogs,”anotherresearcherDoloresHolesaid.“Ifthemomistryingtoprotectherpupsagainstsmallchallenges,thentheywillnotbesuitedfor

thebigchallenges.”Thestudyincludedthreebreeds(品种):Germanshepherds,LabradorretrieversandGoldenretrievers.Thep

uppieswerefollowedfromthefirstweeksoflifeforseveralyears.Interestingly,Labradorretrieverstendedtowashoutfromtheprogram,whileGoldenre

trieverstendedtosucceed.Asforwhetherthefindingscanbeappliedtohumanbabiesofso-called“helicopterparents,”Braywashesitant.“Ithinkpeoplecandrawparallel

s(相似之处),butIthinkyoualsohavetobecarefulbecausetheyaredifferentspecies,”shesaid.Sheadded,“Thenicethingaboutdogsisthattheyarealotlessc

omplicatedthanhumans.”8.Whatmakessuccessfulguidedogsaccordingtothestudy?A.Lessattentiveowners.B.Morepracticaltraining.C.Lesssupportivemothers.

D.Moretenseenvironment.9.WhatdoesParagraph4mainlytalkabout?A.Thenecessityofmom-pupinteractions.B.Somecharacterist

icsofgoodguidedogs.C.Thesignificanceofhighparentalinvolvement.D.Potentialcausesofsomepuppies’poorperform

ance.10.WhatcanweknowaboutLabradorretrieversinthestudy?A.Theychoosetostay.B.Theyfailtobequalified.C.

Theyrisetochallenges.D.Theyareeasytonotice.11.Whichcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A.ParentingtechniquescanapplytoguidedogsB.G

uidedogsarelesscomplicatedthanhumansC.ResearchershelpraisepublicawarenessofblindpeopleD.Astudyisdoneaboutearlylifeexperiencesofhumanbabies【04】浙江省

强基联盟2022-2023学年高三上学期10月联考InJapan,youarewhatyourbloodtypeis.Aperson’sbloodtypeispopularlybelievedtodecidehis/hercharacterandpersonality.T

ype-Apeoplearegenerallyconsideredsensitiveperfectionistsandgoodteamplayers,butover-anxious.TypeOsarecuri

ousandgenerousbutstubborn.TypeABsareartisticbutmysteriousandunpredictable,andtypeBsarecheerfulbuteccent

ric,individualistic,andselfish.Thoughlackingscientificevidence,thisbeliefiswidelyseeninbooks,magazines,andtelevisionshows.Lastye

ar,fourofJapan’stop10bestsellerswereabouthowbloodtypedeterminespersonality,throughwhichreadersseemedtobeabletodiscoverthedefinitionoftheirblo

odtypeorhavetheirself-imageconfirmed.Theblood-typebeliefhasbeenusedinunusualways.ThewomensoftballteamthatwongoldforJapa

nattheBeijingOlympicsisreportedtohaveusedblood-typetheoriestocustomizetrainingforeachplayer.Somekindergartenshavead

optedteachingmethodsalongbloodgrouplines,andevenmajorcompaniesreportedlymakedecisionsaboutassignmentsbasedonane

mployee’sbloodtype.In1990,MitsubishiElectronicswasreportedtohaveannouncedtheformationofateamcomposedentirelyofABworkers,thanksto“

theirabilitytomakeplans”.Thebeliefevenaffectspolitics.Oneformerprimeministerconsidereditimportantenoughtorevealinhisofficialprofilethathewasaty

peA,whilehisoppositionrivalwastypeB.In2011,aminister,RyuMatsumoto,wasforcedtoresignafteronlyaweekinoffice,whenabad-temperedencounterwith

localofficialswastelevised.Inhisresignationspeech,heblamedhisfailingsonthefactthathewasbloodtypeB.Theblood-typecraze,considere

dsimplyharmlessfunbysomeJapanese,mayrevealitselfasprejudiceanddiscrimination.Infact,thisseemssocommonthattheJapanesenowhaveatermforit:bu

ra-hara,meaningblood-typeharassment(骚扰).Therearereportsofdiscriminationleadingtochildrenbeingbullied,endingofhappyrelationship

s,andlossofjobopportunitiesduetobloodtype.8.What’sthemainideaofparagraph1?A.TheJapaneseattachgreatimport

ancetobloodtype.B.ThebooksaboutbloodtypearepopularinJapan.C.TheJapaneseconfirmtheirpersonalitytotallythroughbloodtype.D.TheJapaneseth

inkbloodtypebestsellersareimportanttotheirself-image.9.Accordingtothepassage,whichbloodtypecanweinferistheLEASTfavoredinJapan?A.TypeA.B.TypeB.C.Type

O.D.TypeAB.10.PrimeMinisterRyuMatsumotoresignedfromofficebecause________.A.herevealedhisrival’sbloodtypeB.hewasseenbehavingrudelyonTVC.he

blamedhisfailingsonlocalofficialsD.hewasdiscriminatedagainstbecauseofbloodtype11.Whatisthespeaker’sattitu

detowardtheblood-typebeliefinJapan?A.Negative.B.Defensive.C.Objective.D.Encouraging.【05】湖南省长沙市长郡中学202

2-2023学高三上学期月考卷（二）HundredsofnativeNorthAmericanplants,oftendismissedasweeds,deservealotmorerespect,accordingtoanews

tudy.Theseplants,distantcousinsoffoodslikesunflowersandlettuce(莴苣),actuallyrepresentabotanicaltreasurenowfa

cingincreasedthreatsfromclimatechangeandhabitatloss.Thecropsthatthehumanracenowdependson,includinggrainslikewheatand

treefruitlikepeaches,originallywereselectedorbred(培育)fromplantsthatgrewwildhundredsorthousandsofyearsago.

IntheU.S.,therearewildancestorsofblueberries,sweetpotatoes,onions,potatoes,andmanyotherfoodcrops.“Someofthemare

quitecommon,”saysColinKhoury,aresearchscientistattheInternationalCenterforTropicalAgriculture.“Wildlettuceplantsgrowalo

ngsidewalks,orinbackyards,butgounrecognized.”Othercroprelativesarerareandthreatened.OneofKhoury’sfavoritesisthep

aradoxicalsunflower.”ItgrowsjustinwetlandsofthedesertsofNewMexicoandTexas.Littlesaltyareaswherethere’salittlebitofwaterbeneaththesoil,”hesay

s.Soplantgrowerscrossbreditwithcommercialsunflowersandcreatednewvarietiesthatcangrowinplaceswherethesoilcontai

nsmoresalt.Otherwildrelativesmaybehidingsimilarlyremarkablegifts,Khourysays,suchasgenesthatcouldhelptheirdomesticatedrelativessurv

ivediseases,ordealwithpests.Khouryandsomeofhiscolleaguesjustfinishedasurveyofabout600wildcroprelativesthatgrowinNorthAmerica,andtheyfoundthatm

ostoftheseplantsarethreatenedbythingslikefires,farminganddevelopment.Thescientistsarguethattheydeservemoreprotection.Foronething,“genebanks”shouldcol

lectandpreservethem.Inaddition,theseplantsneedmoreprotectionintheirnaturalhabitat.AccordingtoKhoury,thatdoesn’tnec

essarilymeansettingasidelandforthem.Inmanycases,theplantsalreadyaregrowingonpubliclandthat’smanagedbytheU.S.ForestService(USFS)ortheBureauofLandMana

gement(BLM).“It’smoreaboutjustbeingawarethattheseplantsactuallyexist,”hesays.28.Whatdidthenewstudymainlyfocuson

?A.Endangeredplantspecies.B.Wildrelativesoffoodcrops.C.Theimpactsofclimatechange.D.Thethreatsfromplanthabitatloss.29

.Whatdoweknowabouttheparadoxicalsunflower?A.Itneedsmuchwatertogrowwell.B.Itgrowsalongsidewalksorinbackyards.C.Itseemscapabl

eofsurvivingvariousdiseases.D.Ithelpscommercialsunflowersadapttosaltysoil.30.Howmightthescientistsfeelabouttheirsurveyresults?A.Relieved.B.Co

ncerned.C.Annoyed.D.Critical.31.WhatmightKhourysuggesttheBLMdo?A.JoinhandswiththeUSFS.B.Setasidelandforwildplants.C.Collectgenesofthreatenedc

ropspecies.D.Learnaboutplantsonitsmanagedland.【06】河南省实验中学2022-2023学年高三上学期第二次月考TheWorldHealthOrganizationwarnsthatmillionsofpeoplearedyingev

eryyearfromindoorairpollution.Nearlythreebillionpeopleareunabletousecleanfuelsandtechnologiesforcooking,heatingaswellasligh

ting.Thesefindingsshowthattheuseofdeadlyfuelsininefficientstoves,spaceheatersorlightsistoblameformanyofthesedeaths.WHOofficialssayindoorpoll

utionleadstoearlydeathsfromstroke,heartandlungdisease,childhoodpneumoniaandlungcancer.Womenandgirlsarethemainvictims.Thesediseasescanoftenr

esultfromtheburningofsolidfuels.Thesefuelsincludewood,coal,animalwaste,cropwasteandcharcoal.TheUnitedNationsfound

thatmorethan95percentofhouseholdsinsub-SaharanAfricadependonsolidfuelsforcooking.ItsayshugepopulationsinIndia,ChinaandLatinAmericancoun

tries,suchasGuatermalaandPeru,arealsoatrisk.NigelBraceisaprofessorofPublicHealthattheUniversityofLiverpool

.Hesaysresearchersaredevelopinggoodcook-stovesandotherequipmenttoburnfuelsinamoreefficientway.Therearealreadymultipletechno

logiesavailableforuseincleanfuels.Thereisreallyquiteaneffectiveandreasonablylow-costalcoholstovemadebyDometic(a

Sweden-basedcompany)thatisnowbeingtestedout.LPG(LiquefieldPetroleumGas)cookisobviouslywidelyavailableandeffortsareund

erwaytomakethoseefficient.Anotherinterestingdevelopmentiselectricinductionstoves.WHOexpertsnotethats

omenew,safeandlow-costtechnologiesthatcouldhelparealreadyavailable.InIndia,youcanbuyaninductionstoveforabout$8.00.AndinAfricayoucanbuyasolarlampfo

rlessthan$1.00.Butthis,theagencysays,isjustastart.Itisurgingdevelopingcountriestousecleanerfuelsandincreaseaccesstocleanerandmoremoderncooking

andheatingappliances/devices.12.Whatdoestheindoorpollutionmainlyresultfrom?A.Poisonousfuels.B.Hightechnology.C.Spaceheaters.D.So

larenergy.13.HowisParagraph3mainlydeveloped?A.Byshowingdifferences.B.Bydescribingaprocess.C.Bymakingalist.D.Byanalyzi

ngdata.14.Whatcanweinferfromthepassage?A.Indoorpollutionresultsinsomedeaths.B.Mostofthedeathsareindevelopingcountries.C.Thesolidfuelsareuse

dinmoreeffectiveways.D.Thereisnoindoorpollutionindevelopedcountries.15.WhichofthefollowingisTRUEaccordingtoth

epassage?A.LPGcooksarebeingtestedout.B.Alcoholstovesarewidelyusednow.C.Electricinductionstovesareexpensive.D.Solarlampsareverycheapi

nAfrica.【07】湖南省长沙市长郡中学2022-2023学高三上学期月考卷（二）Itisn’tjustthebeautyofvastnaturalwondersliketheGrandCanyonthatcantakeyourbreathaway.Youcanfindaweineveryd

aythings.Anewresearch,publishedinthejournalEmotion,foundthatolderadultswhotook“awewalks”feltmorepositiveemotionsintheirdailylives.Inthest

udy,52olderadultsaged60to90weredividedrandomlyintotwogroups.Theyweretoldtotakeatleastone15-minutewalkeachweekforeig

htweeks.Volunteersinthe“awegroup”wereinstructedinhowtoinspireaweastheywalked.“Weaskedthemtotrytoseetheworldwithfresheyes—to

takeinnewdetailsofaleaforflower,forexample,”Sturmsays.Forexample,oneparticipantfromtheawegroupwroteabout“thebeautifulfallcolors

andhowtheleaveswerenolongercrunchy(嘎吱响)underfootbecauseoftherain”—thewonderthatsmallchildrenfeelastheyembracetheirexpandingworld.However,peoplein

theothergroupwerelessfocusedontheworldaroundthem.Oneparticipantwrote,“IthoughtaboutourvacationinHawaiinex

tThursday.”Inaddition,participantswereaskedtotakeselfies(自拍)inthebeginning,middle,andendofeachwalk.Resear

chersfoundthatparticipantswhotookawewalksshoweda“smallself”,inthattheyfilledlessoftheirphotographswiththeirownimageandmorewiththebackgr

oundscenery.“Whenwefeelawe,ourattentionshiftsfromfocusingonourselvestofocusingontheworldaroundus,”Sturmsays.“Aweaffectsoursocialrelationshipsbecau

seithelpsustofeelmoreconnectedwiththeworld,universe,andotherpeople.”Theirsmilesalsogrewbroaderbytheendofthestu

dy.“Weanalyzedtheintensityoftheirsmilesintheselfies,andparticipantswhotookawewalksdisplayedgreatersmilesovertimethanthosewhotookcontrolwalks.

Theformerreportedgreaterpositiveemotionsingeneral,includingmorejoyandgratitude.”Participantsinthecontrolgrouptook

morefrequentwalksthanthosepeopleintheawegroup,theresearchersdiscovered.Butwalkingmoredidn’tresultinpositivechangesinemotionalhe

althorinthewaytheirselfiesweretaken.Thissuggeststhattheresultsweremainlyduetoexperiencingawe,andnotjustinspendingtimeex

ercising.32.Whatwereparticipantsinthe“awegroup”requiredtodoinParagraph2?A.Totakeawalkeachweek.B.Tofocusontheirinnerworld.C.Tocollectleavesa

ftertherain.D.Toexplorewithchildlikecuriosity.33.Whatcanweseeintheselfiesfromtheawewalks?A.Close-upimageswithwidesmiles.B.Moreattentiononthemselves.C

.Simplythebackgroundscenery.D.Smallfigureswithbiggersmiles.34.Whatcanweknowfromthelastparagraph?A.Experiencingawecounts.B.Morewalks,morejoy.C.Exercis

escanbenefitus.D.Awecomeswithwalking.35.Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitle?A.AweWalksPromoteYourPhysicalFitnessB.ExperiencingAweDoesWondersfor

EveryoneC.AweWalksImproveYourPositiveEmotionsD.FrequentWalksContributetoEmotionalHealth【08】浙江省C8名校协作体2022-2023学年高三

上学期第一次联考IliveinthelandofDisney,Hollywoodandyear-roundsun.Youmaythinkpeopleinsuchaglamorous,fun-filledplacearehapp

ierthanothers.Ifso,youhavesomemistakenideasaboutthenatureofhappiness.Manyintelligentpeoplestillequatehappinesswithfun

.Thetruthisthatfunandhappinesshavelittleornothingincommon.Funiswhatweexperienceduringanact.Happinessiswhatw

eexperienceafteranact.Itisadeeper,moreabidingemotion.Goingtoanamusementparkorballgame,watchingamovieor

television,arefunactivitiesthathelpusrelax,temporarilyforgetourproblemsandmaybeevenlaugh.Buttheydonotbringhappiness,becausetheirpositiveeffects

endwhenthefunends.IhaveoftenthoughtthatifHollywoodstarshavearoletoplay,itistoteachusthathappinesshasnothingtodowithfun.Theserich,beautifulindividu

alshaveconstantaccesstoglamorousparties,fancycars,expensivehomes,everythingthatspells“happiness”.Butinmemoiraftermemoir,celebr

itiesrevealtheunhappinesshiddenbeneathalltheirfun:depression,alcoholism,drugaddiction,brokenmarriages,troubledchildrenandprofoundloneliness.Askaba

chelorwhyheresistsmarriageeventhoughhefindsdatingtobelessandlesssatisfying.Ifhe’shonest,hewilltellyouthatheisafraidofmakingacommitment.Forc

ommitmentisinfactquitepainful.Thesinglelifeisfilledwithfun,adventureandexcitement.Marriagehassuchmoments,buttheyarenotitsmostdist

inguishingfeatures.Similarly,couplesthatchoosenottohavechildrenaredecidinginfavorofpainlessfunoverpainfulhap

piness.Theycandineoutwhenevertheywantandsleepaslateastheywant.Coupleswithinfantchildrenareluckytogetawholenight’ssleeporathree-dayvac

ation.Idon’tknowanyparentwhowouldchoosethewordfuntodescriberaisingchildren.Understandingandacceptingthattruehappine

sshasnothingtodowithfunisoneofthemostliberatingrealizationswecanevercometo.Itliberatestime:nowwecand

evotemorehourstoactivitiesthatcangenuinelyincreaseourhappiness.Itliberatesmoney:buyingthatnewcarorthosefanc

yclothesthatwilldonothingtoincreaseourhappinessnowseemspointless.Anditliberatesusfromenvy:wenowunderstandth

atallthoserichandglamorouspeopleweweresosurearehappybecausetheyarealwayshavingsomuchfunactuallymaynotbehappyatall.

8.Whichofthefollowingistrue?A.Funcreateslong-lastingsatisfaction.B.Happinessisenduringwhereasfunisshort-lived.C.Funprovidesenjoymentwhile

painleadstohappiness.D.Funthatislong-standingmayleadtohappiness.9.Totheauthor,Hollywoodstarsallhaveanimportantroletoplaythatisto________.A.writem

emoiraftermemoirabouttheirhappinessB.teachpeoplehowtoenjoytheirlivesC.tellthepublicthathappinesshasnothingtodowithfunD.

bringhappinesstothepublicinsteadofgoingtoglamorousparties10.Havinginfantchildren,thecouplescan________.A.gainhapp

inessfromtheircommitmentB.findfuningettingthemintobedatnightC.findmoretimetoplayandjokewiththemD.beluckysincetheycanhaveawholenight’ssl

eep11.Ifonegetsthemeaningofthetruesenseofhappiness,hewill________.A.stopplayinggamesandjokingwithothersB.kee

phimselfwithhisfamilyC.giveafreehandtomoneyD.makethebestuseofhistimetoincreasehappiness【09】甘肃省张掖市2022-2023学年高三上学期第一次诊断考试Elderlypeoplehaveahighe

rchanceofsufferingfromillnessessuchasdiabetes,cancer,andheartdisease.OnecommonhealthproblemthataffectsthemisAlzheimer’sdisease,whi

chaffectsaperson’smemory,behavior,andthinking.Becauseofmemorylossandbehavioralchanges,peoplewithAlzheimer

’smayslowlybecomeunabletotakecareofthemselves,eventuallyrequiringconstantcarefromfamilymembersorcaregivers.ThereisnocureforAlzheimer’s

atthemoment—drugscanonlytreatitssymptoms.Buttechnologycanimprovethelivesofthoselivingwiththeconditionbymakingiteasierfort

hemtogoabouttheirdailyactivities.Forexample,trackingdevicesplacedinwatchesorjewelrycanmonitorwhereapersonis.

Automatedreminderscanalsobestoredinmotionsensorsandplacedaroundthehouse.Whenasensordetectsmovement,itcanplayarecordedvoicemessagetoremind

thepersontolockthedoororturnoffthestove.Alzheimer’sdiseaseisahugechallenge,butwemaybegettingclosetof

indingasolution.Inthefuture,itmightbepossibletotreatAlzheimer’swithoutusingdrugs.AteamofresearchersinAustraliahascreatedaformoftechnologythatcans

endsoundwavesintothebrain.ThesesoundwaveshelptoclearwasteinthebrainthatcontributestoAlzheimer’s.Theteamhast

estedtheirtechnologyandfoundthatithelpedtorestorememoryin75percentofmice.Workonthetechnologyisn’tcomplete,but

,ifsuccessful,itcouldpreventmemorylossinpeoplewithAlzheimer’s.Thisreallydoesfundamentallychangetheunderstandin

gofhowtotreatthisdiseaseandresearchersforeseeagreatfutureforthisapproach.12.Alzheimer’sisadiseasethatmainlyaffectsthe____.A

.musclesB.bloodC.brainD.heart13.Uptonow,whichcanhelpAlzheimer’spatientswhogetlosteasily?A.Trackingdevices.B.Automatedreminders.C.Sendingsoun

dwavesintothebrain.D.Restoringmemory.14.Whichofthefollowingcanreplace“contributesto”inthelastparagraph?A.Helpstocure.B.Helpstocau

se.C.Helpstoworsen.D.Helpstoprevent.15.What’sthemainideaofthetext?A.Elderlypeoplewillbegintofacemanychallen

ges.B.Societyshouldprovideenoughhealthcaretoelderlypeople.C.There’saneedtobetterunderstandthecauseofAlzheimer’s.

D.TechnologymightsolvesomeproblemsofpeoplewithAlzheimer’s.【10】浙江省C8名校协作体2022-2023学年高三上学期第一次联考AlbertEinstein’s1915masterpiece“TheFoundationoft

heGeneralTheoryofRelativity”isthefirstandstillthebestintroductiontothesubject,andIrecommenditassuchtostudents.Butitprobablywouldn’tbepublishableinas

cientificjournaltoday.Whynot?Afterall,itwouldpasswithflyingcoloursthetestsofcorrectnessandsignificance.Andwh

ilepopularbeliefholdsthatthepaperwasincomprehensibletoitsfirstreaders,infactmanypapersintheoreticalphysicsaremuchmoredifficult.Asthephysi

cistRichardFeynmanwrote,“Therewasatimewhenthenewspaperssaidthatonly12menunderstoodthetheoryofrelativity.Idobelievetheremightha

vebeenatimewhenonlyonemandid,becausehewastheonlyguywhocaughton,beforehewrotehispaper.Butafterpeoplereadthepaperalotunderstoodth

etheoryofrelativityinsomewayorother,certainlymorethan12.”No,theproblemisitsstyle.Itstartswithaleisurelyphilosophic

aldiscussionofspaceandtimeandthencontinueswithanexpositionofknownmathematics.Thosetwosections,whichwouldbeconsideredextraneoustoday,takeupha

lfthepaper.Worse,therearezerocitationsofpreviousscientists’work,norarethereanygraphics.Thosefeaturesmightmakeapapernotevengetpastthefirst

editors.Asimilarprocessofprofessionalizationhastransformedotherpartsofthescientificlandscape.Requestsforresearchtimeatmajorobserv

atoriesornationallaboratoriesaremorerigidlystructured.Andanythinginvolvingworkwithhumansubjects,orputtinginstrumentsinspace,involvespilesofpape

rwork.WeseeitalsointheRegeneronScienceTalentSearch,theNobelPrizeofhighschoolsciencecompetitions.Intheearlydecadesofits78-yearhis

tory,thewinningprojectswereusuallythesortofcleverbutnaive,amateurisheffortsonemightexpectoftalentedbeginnersworking

ontheirown.Today,polishedworkcomingoutofinternships(实习)atestablishedlaboratoriesisthenorm.Theseprofessionalizingtendenciesare

anaturalconsequenceoftheexplosivegrowthofmodernscience.Standardizationandsystemmakeiteasiertomanagetherapidflowofpapers,applicationsan

dpeople.Butthereareseriousdownsides.Alotofunproductiveeffortgoesintojumpingthroughbureaucratichoops(繁文缛节),an

doutsidersfaceentrybarriersateveryturn.Ofcourse,Einsteinwouldhavefoundhiswaytomeetingmodernstandardsandpublishinghisresults.It

sscientificcorewouldn’thavechanged,butthepapermightnotbethesametastetoread.12.AccordingtoRichardFeynman,Einstein’s1915paper________.A.was

aclassicintheoreticalphysicsB.turnedouttobecomprehensibleC.neededfurtherimprovementD.attractedfewprofessionals13.Whatdoest

heunderlinedword“extraneous”inParagraph4mean?A.Unrealistic.B.Irrelevant.C.Unattractive.D.Imprecise.14.Accordingtothe

author,whatisaffectedasmodernsciencedevelops?A.Theapplicationofresearchfindings.B.Theprincipleofscientif

icresearch.C.Theselectionofyoungtalents.D.Theevaluationoflaboratories.15.Whichwouldbethebesttitleforthispassage?A.WhatmakesEinsteingreat

?B.Willsciencebeprofessionalized?C.CouldEinsteingetpublishedtoday?D.Howwillmodernsciencemakeadvances?【11】江苏省南

京师范大学附属中学2022-2023学年高三上学期第一次月考Modernzoosaimtopromoteanimalconservation,educatepeople,andsupportfurther

wildliferesearch.Staffaredevotedtoprovidingspeciesspecifichousingandappropriatedietstoensurethattheanim

als’livesareasnaturalaspossiblewithincaptivity(圈养).Infact,mostzooanimalshavebeenbornandbredincaptivity.Th

eyhaveneverexperienced“thewild”,whichmanypeopleassumeisawonderfulandsafeplace,despitedestructionofnaturalhabitsforpalmoil

threatsfromclimatechangeortheincreaseinpoaching.Therearetwowayscapturinganimalshelpsconservethem.Zooconservatio

nworkcanbein-situ(在原处)wheremoney:expertiseandsometimesstaffareprovidedtoprotectanimalsandtheirhabitatsinthewild.Large,charmingani

malssuchaspandas,tigersorelephantsdrawthecrowds.Theseflagshipspecieshelptoraisetheimageandfundsforin-situconservationeffortsforthenotsowellknown

species“Ex-situ”conservation,meanwhile,takesplaceoutsideoftheanimals’naturalhabitats,usuallybackatthezooandofteninvolving

internationalcaptivebreedingprograms.Thesestudbooks(良种登记册)canoutlinesuitablegeneticmatchesforbreeding,tokeepasusta

inablecaptivepopulationofacertainspeciesandensuregeneticvariation.IntheUKaleast,zoosmusthaveawritteneducationstrategyandanactiveeducationprogramme

.Ifyouhavebeentoanaccredited(官方认可的)zoorecentlyyouwillhavenoticedtheyusegamesandtechnologytogowaybeyon

dthesebasicrequirements.Researchwithinzoosoftenlooksatanimalbehaviourorwelfarehelpingtoensuretheanimalsarewellhousedandfed.Oth

erresearchinvestigatestheimpacthumanshaveonthezooanimalsfromthevisitoreffecttotherelationshipswhichcanbeformedbetweentheanimalsa

ndtheirkeepers.Researchalsofocusesonbiologicalfunctioningofanimals.Muchofthisisworkthatcannotbeconductedinthewildiftheanimalsliveinremoteori

nhospitableareas.Overall,zoosprovideopportunitiestoobserveandengagewithexotic(外国的)animals,manyofwhichmaybethreatenedwithextin

ctioninthewild.Seeingthemupclosecancauseapassionforbiology,conservationandtheenvironment.12.Whatdopeoplethinkof“thewild”?A.Itposesadangerto

humans.B.ItisperfectforlargeanimalsC.Itisanidealhabitatforanimals.D.Itguaranteesthesafetyofanimals.13.Whathighlights“ex-situ”conservation?A.Sa

vingtheconservationcost.B.Attractingmorevisitorstozoos.C.Keepingaspecies’populationstable.D.Changingthegenesofa

certainspecies.14.WhatisParagraph6mainlyabout?A.Howzookeepersgetalongwithanimals.B.Howzooscancontributetoresearchwork.C.Whatresearchersareexpe

ctedtodoinzoos.D.Whyitisdifficulttocarryoutresearchinthewild.15.Whatistheauthor’spurposeinwringthetext?A.Toshowzooswaystoraiseanimals.B.T

ostressmodernzoosresearchvalue.C.Todefendzoosroleinprotectinganimals.D.Toadvisezoostoreleaseanimalsintothewild.【12】江苏省苏州市2022〜2023学年高三上学期八校联考Astheef

fectsofclimatechangebecomemoredisastrous,well-knownresearchinstitutionsandgovernmentagenciesarefocusingnewmoneyandattentiononanidea:artificiall

ycoolingtheplanet,inthehopesofbuyinghumanitymoretimetocutgreenhousegasemissions.Thatstrategy,calledsolarc

limateintervention(干预)orsolargeoengineering,involvesreflectingmoreofthesun’senergybackintospace—abruptlyreducingglobaltempe

raturesinawaythatimitatestheeffectsofashcloudsflowingoutfromthevolcaniceruptions.Theideahasbeenconsideredasadanger

ousandfanciedsolution,onethatwouldencouragepeopletokeepburningfossilfuelswhileexposingtheplanettounexpectedandpotentiallythreateningsideeffects

,producingmoredestructivehurricanes,wildfiresfloodsandotherdisasters.But.asglobalwarmingcontinues,producingmorede

structivehurricanes,wildfiresfloodsandotherdisasters,someresearchersandpolicyexpertssaythatconcernsaboutgeoengineeringshouldbeoutweighedby

theimperativetobetterunderstandit,incasetheconsequenceofclimatechangebecomesoterriblethattheworldcan’twaitforbette

rsolutions.Onewaytocooltheearthisbyinjectingaerosols(气溶胶)intotheupperlayeroftheatmosphere.wherethosep

articlesreflectsunlightawayfromtheearth.Thatprocessworks,accordingtoDouglasMacMartin,aresearcheratCornellUniv

ersity.“Weknowwith100%certaintythatwecancooltheplanet,”hesaidinaninterview.What’sstillunclear,headded,iswhathappensnext.Temperature,MacMartinsaid

,isanindicatorforalotofclimateeffects.“Whatdoesitdotothestrengthofhurricanes?”heasked,“Whatdoesitdotoagricultureproduction?Whatdoesitdotother

iskofforestfires?”AnotherinstitutionfundedbytheNationalScienceFoundationwillanalyzehundredsofsimulationsofaerosolinjection,testingtheeffectsonweather

extremesaroundtheworld.Onegoaloftheresearchistolookforasweetspot:theamountofartificialcoolingthatcanreduceextremewe

athereventswithoutcausingbroaderchangesinregionalrainfallpatternsorsimilarimpacts.12.Whydoresearchersandgovernmentagenciesworkoncoolingtheearth

?A.Topreventnaturaldisasters.B.Towinmoretimetoreducegasemissions.C.Toimitatevolcaniceruptions.D.Toencouragemorepeopletoburfossi

lfuels.13.Whatareresearchersworriedaboutintermsofglobalwarming?A.Morevolcanoeswillthrowout.B.Moresolarenergywillgointospace

.C.Moredisasterswillendangerthefutureoftheworld.D.Peoplewillkeepburningfossilfuelstokeepwarm.14.Whatcanbeinferredfr

omDouglas’wordsinaninterview?A.Hethinksmoreresearchremainstobedone.B.Heisoptimisticabouttheeffectofcooling

theearth.C.Heisconcernedaboutthereductioninagricultureproduction.D.Hedisapprovesofthepracticeofsolarclimateintervention.15.Whatdoestheunder

linedwords“sweetspot”inthelastparagraphmean?A.Therainfallpatternofaregion.B.Themodestdropintemperature.C.Th

enumberofextremeweatherevents.D.Theinjectionamountofaerosol.【13】2023届广东省六校高三上学期第二次联考Dreams,accordingtoCarlJung,revealacertainamounto

frealityhiddenduringwakingconsciousness.InJungianphilosophy,theconflictandchaosexperiencedindreamsfinallybringordertoourlives.WhileJung’smy

sticaltheoriesaredebatable,hewasnotmistakenabouttheimportanceofdreaming.Agrowingnumberofreportsshowthatacont

inuouslackofdreamingisdamagingourwakinghoursinmanyways.Thistrendiscausingdamagetoourimmuneandmetabolic(新陈代谢的)systems,letalonethee

lectronicproductsthatkeepusuplateatnightareruiningoursleeppatterns,whichhaslong-termconsequencesonourmemorysystem.Onestudyshowedthatnotall

owingmicetohaveadequateamountsofREM(RapidEyeMovement)sleep,thestageinwhichwedream,themicecouldn’tstrengthenmemorie

s.Youmightthinkthisisjustasleepproblem,butdreamingisinseparablefromournighttimerest.Wesleepincycles(周期),eachl

astingabout90minutes;inasleepcycle,wegothroughnon-REMsleepbeforehittingREM.Asthenightprogresses,REMsleepperiodsincrea

seinlengthwhiledeepsleep(oneofthestagesofnon-REMsleep)decreases.Thelongerwesleep,themoretimewespendinREM,whichiswhyweareoftendreamingwhenwakingupint

hemorning.Ifwesleeplessthansevenhours,however,itbecomeshardertoachievethislevelofREM.Thecombinationofsleepinganddreamingactsasane

motionalstabilizer.Werecoverfromemotionalhurtfasterwhenwesleepanddreamproperly.However,we’renotgettingenoughsleeptocyclethroug

hthestagestotakeadvantageofthisnaturalcircadiananti-depressant(抗抑郁剂)—dreams.Instead,wegetdepressedandturntoalcoholormedicinestogettosl

eep,whichonlymakesthingsworsebecauseevenonedrinkleadstolateREMwhileanti-depressantspromotedeepsleepatt

heexpenseofREM.We’repayingforthislackofdreaminginmanyways.Forexample,a2021studystatedthatcomparedwithquietrestandnon-R

EMsleep,REMpromotedtheformationofassociativenetworksandtheintegration(整合)ofunassociatedinformation.VolunteersthatexperiencedmoreREMsleepwer

ebetterequippedforsolvingproblemsrequiringcreativesolutions.RowanHooper,themanagingeditoratNewScientist,wri

testhatdreamsthatincludean“emotionalcore”appeartobeamainfunctionofREMsleepandthatweshouldlookatsleeppatternsasseriously

aswedodietandexercisehabits.12.What’sCarlJung’sviewaboutdreams?A.Theycausechaos.B.Theydamageimmunity.C.Theyrevealsecrets.D.Th

eymirrorreality.13.Whyisthesleepprocessexplainedinparagraph3?A.ToshowadreammainlyoccursduringREMsleep.B.Toprovethe

minimumsleeptimeshouldbesevenhours.C.Toprovedreamproblemsandsleepproblemsareattached.D.Toshowpeopleoftendreamwhenwakingupinthemorning.14.Whatconclusi

oncanbeinferredfromparagraph5?A.Dreamingpromotescreativity.B.Dreaminghelpsfightdepression.C.Thebrainstillreceiv

esnewinformationduringREMsleep.D.Thebrainispayingthepriceforhavingmorenon-REMsleep.15.What’sthemainideaofthepassage?A.Thei

mportanceofsleepliesindreams.B.Theabsenceofdreamsisterribleforus.C.Dreamingpatternsaremoreimportantthanwerealize.D.Dreaminghasmysticalpowerofstrength

eningmemories.【14】湖南省长沙市雅礼中学2022-2023学年高三上学期月考二Thedeep-seaoilandgasindustryhasvastandcostlyfacilitiestomai

ntain.Wells,otherequipment,andthousandsofkilometersofpipelinesmustbeinspectedandrepaired.Now,cutting-edgeunderwaterdrones(无人机)androbotsarebe

ingdevelopedthatcouldmaketheworksaferandcheaper.AmongthemisEelume,asix-meter-long,snake-likerobotequippedwithsensorsandacameraateachen

d.Itcanbekeptatastationatdepthsofuptohalfakilometerforsixmonths,withoutbeingbroughtbacktothesurface.Therobotcantravelupto

20kilometersbeforeneedingtoreturntoitsstationtorecharge.Maintenanceworkatmanydeep-waterwellsandpipelinesystemsisalreadycarriedoutbyunmannedveh

icles.Butthesevehiclestypicallyneedtobetransportedtotheoffshoresiteonafullycrewedshipandthenremotelyoperatedfromonboar

dthesurfaceship.Thatcancostupto$100,000perday,accordingtoPålLiljebäck,chieftechnologyofficerwithEelumeSubseaInterve

ntion,whichdevelopedtherobot.Liljebäcksaysthatby“enablingtherobottobecomeasubsearesidentlivingatasta

tion,itcanbemobilizedatanytimetodoinspections,therebyreducingtheneedforcostlysurfaceships”.Eelumecanworkautonomouslyontasksassigne

dfromacontrolroomonshore,andsendbackvideoanddata.Itssnake-likedesignallowsittoworkinsmallspacesandwriggle(扭动)

itsbodytostayinplaceinstrongcurrents.Bystayingunderthesea,itcancarryouttaskswhatevertheconditionsonthesurfaceoftheocean.Thegl

obalunderwaterroboticsmarketisexpectedtobewortharound$7billionin2025,accordingtoanalysts,andothercompaniesareintheprocessofcommercializingn

ewdeep-seadroneandrobottechnology.EelumeSubseaInterventionwillcarryoutfinaltestingontheseabedlaterthisyearattheÅ

sgardoilandgasfield.Itexpectstoputitsfirstsnakerobotsintousenextyearandhopestohaveupto50inoceansaroundtheworldby2027.12.WhatisonefeatureofEe

lume?A.Itcantravelnearly40kilometersbeforerecharging.B.Itcandiveasdeepas500meters.C.Itworksmainlyaround

thestation.D.Itworksfor6monthsononecharge.13.Whatistheproblemwithunmannedvehicles?A.Theyaretoocostlytomaintain.B.Th

eyarehardtooperateremotely.C.Theyrequiretransportationtoandfromwork.D.Theyhavetoworkonafullycrewedshipallt

hetime.14.WhatcanbeexpectedofEelumeinthefuture?A.Itwillrequirenofurthertests.B.Itwillbewortharound$7billi

on.C.Itwillbeputonthemarketin2027.D.Itwillfacealotofcompetitors.15.Whatisthemainideaofthepassage?A.Asnakerobotisonitswayfo

runderwatertasks.B.Eelumeisthenewchoiceforconstructingpipelines.C.Maintenanceworkontheoceanfloorisariskyjob.D.Unmannedvehiclesmarketinghasseenstrongg

rowth.【15】江苏省泰州中学2022-2023学年高三上学期第一次月检MitsuhiroIwamotoisablindpersonwhosailednon-stopacrossthePacificOcean.On

eofMr.Iwamoto’sfriendssays,“Hefeelsthewavesandhecansensethespeedandangleofthewindstoadjustthesailsproperly.”TheonlythingMr.Iwamotoc

an’tdoissee.SoheteamedupwithDougSmith.In2013,Mr.IwamototriedtosailacrossthePacific.Butafteronlyfivedaysatsea,hisboatwashitbyawhale.Theboatsank,andh

espent11hoursfloatingintheseainaliferaftbeforehewasrescued.WhenMr.SmithlearnedthestoryofMr.Iwamoto’sdefeatduringhi

sfirstattemptatcrossingthePacific,ithadabigeffectonhim.Hedecidedtojointhetripnotjusttoprovethattheycoulddoit,butalsotocollectfunds

forapublicwelfarefoundationthatboughtmedicalinsuranceforpoorchildren.HegotintouchwithMr.Iwamoto.Thetworealizedthattheywouldmakeagoodte

am.Ittookalotofcouragetomakeasecondattemptafterthefailure.ButMr.Iwamotowasdetermined.Hebegantotrainforthetrip

.Heskied,ranhalf-marathonsandmarathons,andtookpartintriathlons(raceswithswimming,biking,andrunning).Mr.Smithboughta12-metersailboatfromlocalpeople.Th

eytookdrinkingwaterandenoughfoodfor60days.ThesailboathadsolarpanelstokeeptheGPSandthesatellitephonecharged.OnFebruary24,Mr.Iwamotosetoutf

romSanDiego,Californiaontheir14,000-kilometertrip.Finally,around9a.m.onApril20—aftersailingnon-stopfor55days

,thetwoarrivedinIwaka,FukushimaPrefecture,Japan,“Peopleoftensaythatthephysicalillnesscan’tstopapersonfrommakingadifference,butIhavetowa

lkthewalktoproveit,”Mr.Iwamotosaid.4.WhatcanbeinferredaboutDougSmith?A.Hespentalotoftimeintheocean.B.Hehadgreats

killsinsailingtheboat.C.Heworkedasaguideduringthetrip.D.Heboughttheinsurancebeforethetrip.5.WhydidDougSmithjointhetrip?A.Tohuntwhales

.B.Toraisemoneyforcharity.C.Torescuepeoplelostintheocean.D.Tobeinsearchoffameandfortune.6.Whatisthethirdparagraphmainlyabout?A.Thepreparationstheym

adeforthetrip.B.Thesupporttheyreceivedfromlocalpeople.C.Theequipmenttheyboughtfortheirtraining.D.Thedifficultytheyencounteredduringthetrip.7.Whatcanw

elearnfromthisstory?A.Neverlookdownonunderdogs.B.Actionsspeaklouderthanwords.C.Afriendinneedisafriendindeed.D.Bethechangeyouwanttosee

intheworld.【16】河北省邢台市六校联考2022-2023学年高三上学期第一次月考Sincethebeginningofthesummerin2022,Chinahasbeenswelteringundertheworstheatwaveindecades.Anumbe

rofpeopleinZhejiang,Henan,JiangsuandSichuanprovinceswerediagnosedwiththermoplegia(热射病),themostsevereformofh

eatstroke,andsomeevendiedofthisdisease.Inawarmingworld,thehazardsofheatwavesareincreasing.Accordingtoastudy,thenumberofdeaths

causedbyheatwavesinChinahasincreasedrapidlysince1979,from3,679personsperyearinthe1980sto15,500personsperyearinthe2010s.Hightemperat

ureswouldacceleratethelossinsoilmoisture(水分)andhurtthegrowthofcorn,cotton,treesandfruits.What’smore,eachadditionaldegreeofwarmingwillincreasecrop

lossestoinsectsby10-25percent,threateningfoodsecurityforbillionsofpeople.Chinahaswitnessedarangeofextremeweathe

revents,includingheavyrainfall,flooding,tornadoesandrecordheatwavesthisyear.Meteorologicalofficialssaidthecountryhadanaveragetemperatureof21

.3degreesCelsiusinJune,0.9degreesCelsiushigherthanthesameperiodonaverage,andthehighestrecordforthesame

periodsince1961.Expertssaythatwhileextremesummerheatisnotentirelynew,thesesortsofoccurrencescouldbesomethingthatbecomesastandardpartoflife,req

uiringpeopletostartlearninghowtocopewithheatwavesthatmaycontinuefortherestofsummerandwellintothefuture.Rememberthatevenhealthy,youngathletesca

nbeharmedbyextremeheat,soeveryactivity,indoorsoroutdoors,shouldbeevaluatedwhenextremeheathits.Therearesome

waystostaysafeduringextremeheatevents,suchasdrinkingplentyofwater,lookingforshadeorremaininginshadewhenoutside,

andavoidingcookinglargemealsthatcanaddheattoyourindoorenvironment.8.WhydoesthewritermentionthefourprovincesinChina?A.Tointroducethetopic.B.T

oshowtherisinggrowthofpopulation.C.Toidentifytheimpactoftheworstheatwave.D.Tooffertheaccuratedatafortheth

ermoplegia.9.Whatdostheunderlinedword“hazards”inparagraphsprobablymean?A.Panics.B.Dangers.C.Outcomes.D.Expenses.10.Whatcanweinferfrompar

agraph3?A.Ruralareassuffermorefromheatwavesthancities.B.Chinahaswitnessedtheworstclimateeverin2022.C.Climatechangeresultsinthedeclineininsect

species.D.Hightemperatureshavenegativeeffectsonagriculture.11.Whatdoesthewriterwanttoconveyinthelastparagraph?

A.Waystodealwithextremeheat.B.Thetendencyofheatwavesinthefuture.C.Effectsofglobalwarmingontheenvironment.D.Thesignificanceofkeepinghealthyinsummer.【

17】江苏省泰州中学2022-2023学年高三上学期第一次月检Manyexceptionalhumanskills,suchasreadingandmasteringamusicalinstrument,

requirethousandsofhoursofpracticeandconsistentcognitiveeffort.Popularscientifictheoriesholdthatcognitiveeffortisexperiencedasunpleasantandpeoplet

rytoavoiditwheneverpossible.However,therearemanysituationsineverydaylifeinwhichpeopleseemtoexertthemselves(努力)voluntarily,evenifthereisnoob

viousexternalreward.Forexample,manypeopleenjoysolvingSudokupuzzles,studentsareoftenmotivatedbychallengingintellectualtasks

,andamateurpianistscanspendhoursstrivingforperfectionwithoutanyexternalreward.ItisbasedonthesefactsthatresearchersfromtheUniversityofVien

naandtheTechnischeUniversitatDresdencriticallyquestionedwhethercognitiveeffortisalwaysaversive(令人嫌恶的)andsought

toaddressthisquestioninacurrentprojectoftheCollaborativeResearchCenter(SFB)940.Inthefirstexperimentwith121participants,theresearcher

susedcardiovascularmeasurements(activityoftheheart)todeterminehowhardpeopleexertedthemselvesincognitivetasksofvaryingdifficultylevels.Inon

egroup,rewardwasdirectlydeterminedbyeffort:ifapersonexertedmoreeffortondifficultlevelsofthetask,theyreceivedahigherrewardt

hanoneasierlevelsinwhichtheyexertedlittleeffort.Inthecontrolgroup,therewardwasrandomlyassignedandwasindependentofhowmucheffortsome

oneinvested.Thetotalrewardonofferwaskeptconstantbetweengroups,withonlythecontingency(可能性)betweeneffortandrewardbeingmanipulated.Subse

quently,allsubjectsworkedonmathtaskswheretheycouldchoosethedifficultylevelofthetaskstheywantedtoworkon.“Subjectswhohadprevi

ouslybeenrewardedforeffortsubsequentlychosemoredifficulttasksthansubjectsinthecontrolgroup,eventhoughtheywereawarethattheywouldnol

ongerreceiveanexternalreward,”explainsProf.VeronikaJobfromtheFacultyofPsychologyattheUniversityofVienna.“Theresultsshowedtheassumptionthat

peoplewanttotakethepathofleastresistancemaynotbeaninherent(固有的)characteristicofhumanmotivation.Thetendencyto

avoidchallengingtaskscouldratherbetheresultofindividuallearninghistoriesthatdifferdependingontherewardpattern:wasitmainlyperformanceoreffortthat

wasrewarded?”concludesThomasGoschke,ProfessorofGeneralPsychologyatTUDresdenandspokespersonofSFB940.8.WiththeexamplesinPara

graph2,theauthoraimsto________A.challengesomescientifictheoriesB.encouragepeopletomakegreateffortsC.inspiresomeresearchonpeople’seffortsD.ex

plainthemotivationbehindpeople’sefforts9.Whatdidtheresearcherswanttofindoutbymeasuringtheparticipants’heartactivity?A.The

irwillingnesstoperformthetask.B.Theimpactoftasksontheparticipants.C.Theefforttheyputinthecognitivetask.D.Theirreactiontodifficultcognitivetasks.10

.Whatcanwelearnaboutthesubjectswhowererewardedforeffort?A.Theyweremotivatedtochallengethemselves.B.Theyalwaysexpectedtoreceiveabiggerreward.

C.Theyturnedouttobeclevererthanthecontrolgroup.D.Theywereabletofigureoutbetterwaystosolveproblems.11.Whatwouldbeth

ebesttitleofthetext?A.WorkhardtoimproveyourselfB.LearntoenjoycognitiveeffortC.IttakestimeforyourefforttopayoffD.Itisworthwhiletoperformdifficul

ttasks【18】江苏省泰州中学2022-2023学年高三上学期第一次月检Dailylifehasitssatisfactions.Theperfectreplytoafriend’stextmessage.Thefi

rstafter-workdrink.Butdoanyreallycomparetothejoyofgoingtosleep?Somehowwehavepushedthispleasuretothebackofth

equeue.AthirdofAmericanadultsreportsleepinglessthantherecommendedsevenhours.Forsome,theproblemismodernlife:emails,to-dolists

andscreens.Forotherpeople,it’sthedemandsofworkorfamily.Thentherearethosewhocan’tsleepwhentheytry.Uptoonein10adultscouldmeetthecrit

eria(标准)forinsomnia(失眠).Themixofexperienceshasledustotakesleepingmorescientifically.Acenturyago,weweren’tawarethatthebrain’selec

tricalactivitychangesduringsleep.Nowthere’sevidencethatalackofsleepisassociatedwithhigherriskofdepression,cancer,Alzheim

er’sandobesity.ResearchpublishedintheEuropeanHeartJournalrecentlyreportsthatheartdiseasewasloweramongpeoplewhowenttosleepbetween10pman

d11pm,nomatterhowlongtheyslept.Suchresearchisallwellandgood.Butaftertheriseofstepcounters,issleepthenextpartofhumanexperiencethatwillbeco

meincreasinglytracked,countedandcompared?WesighatLinkedInuserswhoclaimtowakeupat5amandlearnChinese.But

whatifpeoplearetoocommittedtoagoodsleep?SleepresearcherMatthewWalkeroncesaid,“Ihaveanon-negotiableeig

ht-hoursleepopportunitywindow.”Butforme,makingone’ssleepsoinflexiblejuststrikesmeasrathercoldlyindividualistic.Stressingourselvesout

aboutalackofsleepcanaggravatetheproblem.InhisbookOvercomingInsomniaandSleepProblems,OxfordprofessorColinEspi

ewritesabout“orthosomnia”,wherepeople’sattentionissofocusedonsleepingwellthattheybecometooanxioustodoso.Espiesaysweeachhaveasleeppatte

rnthat,likeashoesize,wefigureoutthroughtrialanderror.Theresearchonbedtimesbetween10pmand11pmwillcheerthosewholeavepartiesearlyandgiveuplate-nightf

ootballhighlights,butitestablishesnocausallink.Genetically,somehumansarelarks(云雀)andsomeareowls.Foranowltotrytofighttheirnaturalschedule,andsleepea

rlier,itwouldn’tnecessarilyhelp.Oncewewereurgedtosleepwhenweweredead.Nowtheenlightenedtellustosleeporwewilldie.Idon’treally

believeanyofthis.Agoodnight’ssleepisagreatenjoyment.Asfaraspossible,itshouldalsoremainasimpleone.12.Whatdoc

sParagraph3mainlytellus?A.WepaytoomuchattentiontosleephoursB.Ourancestorsalwayssufferedfromalackofsleep.C.Ourmentalhealthiscloselyre

latedtoourbrainactivityD.Wenowhaveabetterunderstandingofthebenefitsofsleep.13.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“aggravate”inParagraph5p

robablymean?A.Ease.B.Worsen.C.Prevent.D.Address.14.WhichofthefollowingmightColinEspieagreewith?A.Weshouldrespecteveryone’ssleeppatt

ern.B.Anowlshouldtryhardtogoagainsttheirnature.C.Itisnecessarytocomparedifferentsleeppatterns.D.Weshou

ldchangeoursleeppatternswhennecessary.15.Whatistheauthor’spurposeinwritingthetext?A.Toshowtheimportanceofsl

eep.B.Toanalyzethecauseofinsomnia.C.Topersuadepeopletogotobedearly.D.Toreducepeople’sanxietyaboutsleep.【19】江西省名校高中2022-2023学年高三上学期联合测评Musiccanrea

llyaffectyourwell-being,learning,qualityoflife,andevenhappiness.Thefactthatmusiccanmakeadifficulttaskmoretolerablemaybewhystudentsoftenchoosetolisten

toitwhiledoingtheirhomework.Butislisteningtomusicthesmartchoiceforstudentswhowanttoimprovetheirlearning?Anewstudysuggeststhatfors

omestudents,listeningtomusicisawisestrategy,butforothers,itisn’t.Theeffectofmusiconcognitive(认知的)functionapp

earstodependpartlyonyourpersonality—specifically,onyourneedforexternalstimulation(刺激).Researchersnotonlyassess

edlisteners’personalitybutalsochangedthedifficultyofthetaskandthecomplexityofthemusic.Participantsfirs

tcompletedapersonalitytestusedtodeterminetheneedforexternalstimulation.Then,theyengagedinaneasycognitivetask(searchingfortheletterAinlist

sofwords)andamorechallengingone(rememberingwordpairs)inorder.Participantsfinishedbothtasksunderoneoftwosoundconditions:(1)nomusic,(2

)withmusic.Thedatasuggestthatforthosewithahighneedofexternalstimulation,onthesimpletaskoffindingA’s,thescoresfort

hemusicconditionweresignificantlyworsethanthoseforthesilentcondition.Onthecomplextaskoflearningwordpairs,theirperforman

cewasworsewhenevermusicwasplayed.Forthosewithalowneedofexternalstimulation,however,onthesimpletask,suchparticipants’scoresforth

emusicconditionweremuchbetterthanthoseforthesilentcondition.Onthecomplextaskoflearningwordpairs,theparticipantsshowedasmallbutreliableben

efitwhenlisteningtomusic.Accordingtothestudy,thereareindividualdifferencesintheimpactofmusiconcognitivefunction.Studentswhoareeasil

yboredandwhoseekoutstimulationshouldbecautiousofaddingmusictothemix.Ontheotherhand,studentswithalowneedforstimulationmay

benefitsignificantlyfromthepresenceofmusic.Withtherightpersonality,therightmusicandtherighttask,thepresenceofmusicmaysignificantlyimprovecognitivef

unctioning.Giventhebenefitsofmusic,subscriptiontoSpotifywillberewarding!12.Whatcanwelearnaboutthestudyinparagr

aph2?A.Itonlyinvolvedtheparticipants’responsetomusic.B.Participantscompletedtwotaskswhencomposingsongs.C.Thedifficu

ltyofthetwotasksdecreasedintheexperiment.D.Participantsweregroupedbytheirneedforexternalstimulation.13.Whatcanweinferfromtheresultoftheresearch?A.Th

ecomplexityoftasksmightreducethebenefitofmusic.B.Studentsshouldlistentomusicwhenperformingcomplextasks.C.Studentswith

lessexternalstimulationperformbadlywithmusic.D.Thepresenceofmusicbenefitsstudentswhoseekforexternalstimulation.14.Whatmighttheund

erlinedword“Spotify”be?A.Atravelguide.B.Apsychologyjournal.C.Amusicplatform.D.Apersonalitytest.15.Whatcouldbethebesttitleforth

earticle?A.Whyismusicessentialinyourstudy?B.Ismusicbeneficialtoyourpersonality?C.Howcanmusicaffectyourexternalstimulation?D.Doesmusicpromoteyourco

gnitiveperformance?【20】湖北省荆州荆门宜昌三校2022-2023学年高三上学期联考试题Petindustryseemstoresistgravity．Withcontinualgrowthoverthepast50years，itshowsnosignofslow

ingdown．Withpeopletreatingtheirpetsmoreandmorelikeafamilymember，thepetindustrycontinuestoseeariseinrelatedproductsandservices．Thepet

industryintheUSAreachedamilestonein2020，withtotalsalesof$103．6billion，ahistorichigh，accordingtotheAmericanPetProductsAssociat

ionStateoftheIndustryReport，comparedtosalesof$48billionin2010．Thatismorethana100%increaseinjusttenyearsinwhatyoumightconsidertobearelativ

elyboringindustry．Thepetsupplementindustryhasbeengrowingrapidlyaspetownerstreattheircatslikeamemberofthefami

ly，almostmirroringhumanbehavior．Payattentiontowhathumantrendsforhealthasitmightcrossovertotheirpets．Andifyouthoughtproductinnovationwaslimit

edtohumans，youwouldbewrong．Wearestartingtoseesignificantamountsofinnovationinpetproductresearchanddevelopment．Forexample:petwipes．Petwipesareessent

iallymoisttowelettes(湿纸巾)usedonpetsaftergoingtothebathroom．Anotherrelativelynewpetproductcategoryispettoothpast

e．Thesametrendgoesinthehigh-endproductaswell．Ifitwillmaketheirpetshappier，there’sagroupofownerswhowillbuyi

t．Andthatincludesrelativelyexpensiveluxuryproducts．Anewbrandofkittylitter(猫砂)changescolorbasedonacat’surinepHlevelsandthecompanycla

imsthattheproducthelpscatownersdetectillnessintheircats．Itseemsthatanythinghumansneed，petsneed．So，perhapsit’snotsurprisingthatpetinsurance

isontherise．Theglobalpetinsurancemarketsizewasestimatedat$3．8billionin2019andisexpectedtoreach$4．4billionin2020accord

ingtoGrandViewResearch．EvenLemonade，theAI-poweredinsurerrecentlylauncheditsownpetinsurancecoverage．32．Whatmakespetindustry

continuetodevelop？A．ItsresistancetogravityB．People’sgrowthofloveforpetsC．ThesupportofsomeorganizationsD．Thefashionableproductsandservices33．In

whatwayisthegrowthofpetindustryreflected？A．ThediversityofpetsB．Thefamilymembers’behaviorC．TheamountofmoneyspentonitD．Human’sneedsfortheirow

nlife34．Accordingtothepassage，whatarethetrendsofpetindustrymainlyabout？A．Pets’healthandwellbeingB．Pets’appearanceand

beautyC．Pets’trainingandbehaviorD．Pets’rescueandprotection35．Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitle？A．Whatistheinfluenceofpetindustry？B．Whydopeto

wnerstreatpetskindly？C．Doesapetbelongtofamilymembers？D．Howdoespetindustrycontinuegrowing？【21】广东省深圳市重点高中2023届高三上学期第二次月考Wearetheproduc

tsofevolution,andnotjustevolutionthatoccurredbillionsofyearsago.Asscientistslookdeeperintoourgenes（基因）,theyarefinding

examplesofhumanevolutioninjustthepastfewthousandyears.PeopleinEthiopianhighlandshaveadaptedtolivingathighaltitudes.Cat

tle-raisingpeopleinEastAfricaandnorthernEuropehavegainedamutation（突变）thathelpsthemdigestmilkasadults.OnThursdayinanarticlepublished

inCell,ateamofresearchersreportedanewkindofadaptation—nottoairortofood,buttotheocean.Agroupofsea-dwelli

ngpeopleinSoutheastAsiahaveevolvedintobetterdivers.TheBajau,asthesepeopleareknown,numberinthehundredsofthousand

sinIndonesia,MalaysiaandthePhilippines.Theyhavetraditionallylivedonhouseboats;inrecenttimes,they’vealsobuilthousesonstilts（支柱）i

ncoastalwaters.“Theyaresimplyastrangertotheland,”saidRodneyC.Jubilado,aUniversityofHawaiiresearcherwhostudiestheBajau.Dr.Jubila

dofirstmettheBajauwhilegrowinguponSamalIslandinthePhilippines.Theymadealivingasdivers,spearfishingorharvestingshellfish.“Weweresoamazedthatth

eycouldstayunderwatermuchlongerthanuslocalislanders,”Dr.Jubiladosaid,“Icouldseethemactuallywalkingundert

hesea.”In2015,MelissaIlardo,thenagraduatestudentingeneticsattheUniversityofCopenhagen,heardabouttheBajau.Shewonderedi

fcenturiesofdivingcouldhaveledtotheevolutionofphysicalcharacteristicsthatmadethetaskeasierforthem.“Itseemedliketheperfectchancefornaturalselection

toactonapopulation,”saidDr.Ilardo.ShealsosaidtherewerelikelyanumberofothergenesthathelptheBajaudive.22.Whatdoestheauthorwanttotellusbyt

heexamplesinparagraph1?A.Environmentaladaptationofcattleraisers.B.Newknowledgeofhumanevolution.C.Recentfindingsofhumanorigi

n.D.Significanceoffoodselection.23.WheredotheBajaubuildtheirhouses?A.Invalleys.B.Nearrivers.C.Onthebeach.D.Offthecoast.24.

WhywastheyoungJubiladoastonishedattheBajau?A.Theycouldwalkonstiltsallday.B.Theyhadasuperbwayoffishing.C.Theycouldstaylongunderwater.D.Theylivedon

bothlandandwater.25.Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A.BodiesRemodeledforaLifeatSeaB.Highlanders’SurvivalSkillsC.BasicMethodsofGeneticResearch

D.TheWorld’sBestDivers【22】江苏省南京市2023届高三上学期10月学情调查考试Withnospecialequipment,nofencesandnowatering,twoabandon

edagriculturalfieldsintheUKhavebeenrewilded(重新野化),inlargepartduetotheeffortsofjays,whichactually“eng

ineered”thesenewwoodlands.Researchersnowhopethatrewildingprojectscantakeamorenaturalandhands-offapproachandthatjayscanshedsomeoftheirbadreputati

ons.Thetwofields,whichresearchershavecalledtheNewWildernessandtheOldWilderness,hadbeenabandonedin1996and1961respec

tively.Theformerwasabarefield,whilethelatterwasgrassland—bothlaynexttoancientwoodlands.Researchershad

suspectedthatthefieldswouldgraduallyreturntowilderness,butitwasimpressivetoseejusthowquicklythishappened,andhowmuchofitw

asowedtobirds.Usingaerialdata,theresearchersmonitoredthetwosites.Afterjust24years,theNewWildernesshadgrownintoayoung,healthywoodwit

h132livetreesperhectare,overhalfofwhich(57%)wereoaks.Meanwhile,theOldWildernessresembledamaturewoodlanda

fter39years,with390treesperhectare.“Thisnativewoodlandrestorationwasapproachingthestructure(butnotthespeciescomposition)oflong-established

woodlandswithinsixdecades,”theresearchersexplainedinthestudy.Partofthisreforestationwasdonebythewind,andresearcherssuspecttha

tpreviousgrounddisturbancemayhaveaidedthewoodlandestablishment—whichisgoodnews,asitwouldsuggestthatagricultural

areasmaybereforestedfasterthananticipated.However,animals—Eurasianjays,thrushes,woodmice,andsquirrels—alsoplayedanimporta

ntroleinhelpingtheforeststakeshape.Thishandfulofspeciesprovidedmuchofthenaturalregenerationneededfortheforesttodevelop.Jays,inparticular

,seemtohavedonealotofheavylifting.32.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“shed”inParagraph1referto？A.Beopposedto.B.Beasha

medof.C.Getusedto.D.Getridof.33.Whichaspectofthechangesinthetwofieldsimpressedtheresearchers?A.Thescaleofthewoodlands.B.Thediversity

ofthefields.C.Therateofthechanges.D.Thefrequencyofthewilderness.34.WhatdoestheauthorwanttotellusbyprovidingsomedatainParagragh3?A.Thewoodlandrestor

ationwasapproachingthestructureoflong-establishedones.B.Muchofthewildernessofthefieldswasowedtobirds.C.Previousgrounddisturbanceaidedthew

oodlandestablishment.D.Howquicklythefieldsreturnedtowildernessovertime.35.Whatdoesthelastparagraphmainlytalkabout?A.Theessentialroleofhumansin

thereforestation.B.Thefactorsthatcontributetothereforestation.C.Theimportanceofwoodlandestablishment.D.Thethreatsfacedbyahandf

ulofwildanimals.【23】湖北省襄阳市重点高中2022-2023学年高三上学期第二次月考AnewstudyfocusedonbirdsexamineshowthemovementsofriversintheA

mazonhavecontributedtothatarea'sexceptionalbiologicaldiversity.Theresearchteam,ledbytheAmericanMuseumofNaturalHistory,foun

dthatassmallriversystemschangeovertime,theyspurtheevolutionofnewspecies.Thefindingsalsorevealpreviouslyunknownbirdsp

eciesintheAmazonthatareonlyfoundinsmallareasnexttothesedynamicriversystems,puttingthemathighriskofextinction.ThelowlandrainforestsoftheAmazon

Riverbasinharbor(藏匿)morediversitythananyotherecosystemontheplanet.Itisalsoagloballyimportantbiome(生物群落)containingabout18percentof

alltreesonEarthandcarryingmorefreshwaterthanthenextsevenlargestriverbasinscombined.Researchershavelongwonderedan

dhotlydebatedhowtheAmazon'srichbiodiversityaroseandaccumulated.“EarlyevolutionarybiologistslikeAlfredRusselWalla

cenoticedthatmanyspeciesofprimatesandbirdsdifferacrossoppositeriverbanksintheAmazon,”saidthestudy'sleadauthorLukasMu

sher.“Moreover,accumulatinggeologicalevidencehassuggestedthattheseriversarehighlydynamic,movingaroundtheSouthAmericanlandscapeo

verrelativelyshorttimeperiods,ontheorderofthousandsortensofthousandsofyears.”Toinvestigatehowthemovementofriversacrossthelandsc

apehasinfluencedtheaccumulationofbirdspeciesintheAmazon,theresearcherssequencedthegenomes(基因组)ofsixspeciesofAmazonianbir

ds.Becausetheseriversmovearoundthelandscapeatdifferenttimescales,theirmovementscanhavevaryingoutcomesfo

rbirdspecies:whenriverrearrangementsoccurquickly,populationsofbirdsoneachsidecancombinebeforethey'vehadtimetodiffer;whenriverchangesha

ppenslowly,specieshavealongertimetodivergefromoneanother.28.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“spur”inParagraph1mean

?A.Stimulate.B.Renew.C.Pursue.D.Interrupt.29.Whathaveresearchersdebatedon?A.WhattheAmazon'sbiodiversityindicates.B.HowtheAmazon'sbiodiversityw

asformed.C.WhethertheAmazonhastherichestbiodiversity.D.WhyAmazonbirdspeciesareatriskofdistinction.30.WhatcanweconcludefromLukasMusher'swords

?A.TherearesixspeciesofAmericanbirds.B.RiversmoveveryslowlyinSouthAmerica.C.MostspeciesdifferacrossoppositeAmazonrive

rbanks.D.RivermovementmayleadtotheAmazon'sbiodiversity.31.WhathasinfluencedthechangeofbirdspeciesintheAmazon?A.The

locationofrivermovement.B.Thepopulationsofbirds.C.Thespeedofrivermovement.D.Theamountofthegenomes.【24】山东省潍坊市五

县市2022-2023学年高三10月统考AsanyoneinmainlandBritainwhohaseverattemptedtogrowberriesornutsorindeedfeedthebirds–wil

lknow,doingsoisequaltoanopeningmoveinagameofchesswithlocalgreysquirrels,agamethesquirrelstendtowin.Greysquirrelsarealsofondoft

heoccasionalbird’seggortheyoungbird,andenjoytearingandeatingthebarkofyoungbroadleaftrees,whichcaneitherkillthetreesorleavethemo

pentoinfection.This,apartfromaffectingbiodiversityandlandscape,harmsthewoodindustry.Thelossisnotinsignificant:£37ayear

inEnglandandwalks.Greysquirrels,introducedfromNorthAmericain1876,havealmostreplacednativeredsquirrelsbycompetingthemforfoodandhabitat.T

heyarelargerandstronger,andresistanttosquirrelpoxvirus,whileredsarenot.About3milliongreysquirrelsnowliveintheUK;theInternat

ionalUnionforConservationofNatureliststhegreysquirrelamongthetop100mostharmfulinvasive(入侵的)speciesinthe

world.InBritain,mucheffortandinventivenesshasbeenmadeinstoppinggreysquirrelprogress,fromtrappingandshoot

ingthem,toreleasingpinemartensintotheirhabitats.Thelatestmove,aworkablesystemforwhichwasthoughttobeadecadeaway,isforbiddingthebreeding(繁殖)ofgreysqu

irrels.However,legalchallengebroughtsomanydelaysthattheinvasivegreysquirrelpopulationexpandedtoanunmanageablelevelandwipingoutwereaba

ndoned.ThemainissueinBritainwasthoughttobemoretechnologicalthanlegaldesigningadrugthattargetsonlygreysquirrelstopre

venttheirbreeding.AnotherpossibilityintheyearsaheadistouseDNAeditingtoensuregreyfemalearebornunabletogivebirth.Greysquirrelshavenow

beenherefornearly150years.TheydoactivelythreatenanotherspeciesinBritain.Thereisastrongargumentthatecosystem

schange.Infact,thatistheiressentialnature,anditisunrealistictostopit.Theattractionofcontrollingthebreedingmethodsofgreysquirrelsisth

attheyarelessinhumane,andaimforbalanceratherthanuprooting.28.Whatdoestheauthorfocusoninparagraph1?A.Theharmfromgreysquirrels.B.The

eatinghabitsofgreysquirrels.C.Theeffectofgreysquirrelsonindustry.D.ThegamebetweentheBritishandgreysquirrels.29.Whatledtothevi

ctoryofgreysquirrelsoverreds?A.Theirhugenumber.B.Theiruniqueorigins.C.Theirbreedingability.D.Theirphysicalqualities.30.Whatisthemaindiffi

cultyinremovinggreysquirrelsinBritain?A.Lesslabour.B.Shortageofmoney.C.Imperfectlaw.D.Lackoftechnology.31.Whatistheauthor’sattitudetoforbidding

thebreedingofgreysquirrels?A.Unclear.B.Objective.C.Favorable.D.Doubtful.