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2023届高三英语名校新题快递--开学考试专辑专题03阅读理解之说明文解析版01【山东省济南市2022-2023学年高三开学摸底考试】EverysummerartistsperformatFringe(边缘)Festivalsaroundthewo

rld.FringeFestivalsareacelebrationofstrangeart.Theyhaveallkindsofperformers—fromdancers,musiciansandactorstoeverythinginbetween.Theshowsgiveartists

achancetocreateunusualart.Forfestivalgoers,eachshowisatimetoexperiencesomethingdifferent.ThefirstFringeFestivalwasheldinEdinburgh,

Scotlandin1947.ThatwasalsotheyearofthefirstEdinburghInternationalFestival.ArtistsfromaroundtheworldtraveledtoScotlandfortheEdi

nburghInternationalFestival.Theyperformedatartscentersthroughoutthecity.Eightlocaltheatercompaniesdidnotreceiveanin

vitation,however.Inresponse,theyperformedatsmallerspacesaroundEdinburgh.Theseartistsperformedwherevertheycould,includingchurchesandev

enonthestreet.TheystartedtheirownculturaleventandnamedittheEdinburghFestivalFringe.Whatstartedasanalternativetothemainstreamhasnowbecometheworld’slar

gestartsfestival.Today,therearehundredsofFringeFestivalstakingplacearoundtheworld.TheoneinWashington,D.C.,calledt

heCapitalFringeFestival,isinitstenthyear.ItwasheldinthemonthofJuly.JulianneBrienzafoundedtheCapitalFringeFesti

val.Shewenttoaschoolfortheperformingarts,butnowseesherselfmainlyasanorganizerofthefestival.Brienzabelievestha

tfringeperformanceartisspecialandcanhaveapowerfuleffect.TheCapitalFringeFestivaltakesplaceindifferentlocationsthroughouttheD.C.area.Someperformanc

eshappenintraditionaltheaters.Othershappeninunusualsettingslikeold,emptybuildingsorstoresafterbusinesshoursareover.Brienzasaysthepurposeo

fFringefestivalsistoexplorethelimitsofartinuniqueenvironments.Since2006,theeventhasmademorethan$1.7million.ItisthesecondlargestF

ringeFestivalintheU.S.anditspopularityhasgrowneveryyear.TheEdinburghFestivalFringecontinuesthroughoutthemonthofAugust.8.Whomaybeinterested

inFringeFestivals?A.Strangeartlovers.B.Professionalartists.C.Classicalmusicians.D.Traditionalculturesupporters.9.WhatdoesParagra

ph2mainlytalkabout?A.WhyEdinburghbecametheglobalartcenter.B.HowthefirstFringeFestivalcameintobeing.C.WhentheEdinburghInternationalFestivalwash

eld.D.WheretheEdinburghFestivalFringewascelebrated.10.WhatcanweknowabouttheCapitalFringeFestival?A.Itistheworld’slargestartsfestival.B.Ithasnofi

xedplacesforcelebration.C.Itcanneverbeacceptedbythepublic.D.Ithasalongerhistorythanotherfestivals.11.Whichofthefoll

owingmayBrienzaprobablyagreeaboutFringeFestivals?A.Theyraisepeople’sloveoffestivals.B.Theylimitthedevelopmentofarts.C.Fo

rmalartsarelookeddownupon..Chancesareofferedtounusualarts.【答案】8.A9.B10.B11.D【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了边缘艺术节的起源和发展情

况。【8题详解】推理判断题。根据第一段“FringeFestivalsareacelebrationofstrangeart.Theyhaveallkindsofperformers—fromdancers,m

usiciansandactorstoeverythinginbetween.(边缘艺术节是奇怪艺术的庆典。它们有各种各样的表演者，从舞者、音乐家和演员到介于两者之间的一切)”可知，各种各样的表演者可能在边缘艺术节表演奇怪的艺术。由此推知，奇怪的艺术爱好者可能对边缘艺术节感兴

趣。故选A项。【9题详解】主旨大意题。根据第二段“ArtistsfromaroundtheworldtraveledtoScotlandfortheEdinburghInternationalFestival.Theyperformedatartscentersthroughouttheci

ty.Eightlocaltheatercompaniesdidnotreceiveaninvitation,however.Inresponse,theyperformedatsmallerspacesaroundEdinburgh.Theseartistsperformedwherevert

heycould,includingchurchesandevenonthestreet.TheystartedtheirownculturaleventandnamedittheEdinburghF

estivalFringe.(来自世界各地的艺术家前往苏格兰参加爱丁堡国际艺术节。他们在全市的艺术中心演出。然而，八家当地剧院公司没有收到邀请。作为回应，他们在爱丁堡周围较小的空间演出。这些艺术家尽可能在任何地方表演，包括教堂甚至街头。

他们开始了自己的文化活动，并将其命名为爱丁堡边缘艺术节)”可知，八家当地剧院公司没有收到邀请参加爱丁堡国际艺术节，所以这些艺术家们开始了自己的文化活动，并将其命名为边缘艺术节，所以第二段主要介绍了第一届边缘艺术节是怎样产生的。故选B项。【10题详解】细节理解

题。根据第五段“TheCapitalFringeFestivaltakesplaceindifferentlocationsthroughouttheD.C.area.Someperformanceshappenintraditionalthe

aters.Othershappeninunusualsettingslikeold,emptybuildingsorstoresafterbusinesshoursareover.(首都边缘艺术节在整个华盛顿地区的不同地点举行。有些表演在传统剧院进行。其他表演发生在不寻常的环

境中，如旧的、空的建筑物或营业时间结束后的商店里)”可知，首都边缘艺术节没有固定的庆祝场所。故选B项。【11题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段“BrienzasaysthepurposeofFringefestiva

lsistoexplorethelimitsofartinuniqueenvironments.Since2006,theeventhasmademorethan$1.7million.ItisthesecondlargestFrin

geFestivalintheU.S.anditspopularityhasgrowneveryyear.(布里恩扎说，边缘艺术节的目的是探索艺术在独特环境中的极限。自2006年以来，这项活动已经赚了170多万美元。这是美国第二大的边缘艺术节，它的受欢迎程度每年都在增长)”可知

，边缘艺术节探索艺术在独特环境中的极限，且边缘艺术节的受欢迎程度每年都在增长，所以布里恩扎认为边缘艺术节可以让不寻常的艺术也可以得到机会。故选D项。01【山东省济南市2022-2023学年高三开学摸底考试】Somescienti

stshavetracedtheincreaseinearthquakes,especiallyinareasnotknownforthepresenceoffaultlinesorpastseismic(地震的)activit

y,tohumanactions.Theideaofhumanscausingearthquakesmayseemstrangeatfirst.Afterall,youcanrunaroundyourba

ckyardandjumpupanddownasyouwant,andthegroundisn’tgoingtostartshaking.However,scientistshaveidentifiedavarietyoflargescalehu

manactivitiesthatcanresultinearthquakes.Scientistshaveconfirmedover700placeswherehumanactivitieshavecausedearthquakesoverthelastcentury

.Whilemanyhuman-relatedearthquakesaremildanddon’tcausemuchdamage,someofthemcanbeseriousanddangerous.Infact,sc

ientistsbelievehumanactivityhascausedearthquakeswithmagnitudesashighas7.9ontheRichterscale.Scientistsbelievemosthuman-relatedearthquakesaretheres

ultofmining.AscompaniesdrilldeeperanddeeperbelowEarth’ssurfacetogetnaturalresources,holesleftbehindcancausei

nstabilitythatleadstocollapsesthatcauseearthquakes.Anotherhumanactivityleadingtoearthquakesisfracking(水力压裂)foroilan

dgas,includingthehighpressurewastewaterprocessingthatusuallygoeswithfracking.Inthisprocess,water,sandandchemicals

arepressedundergroundunderhighpressuretobreakrockstoreleasenaturalresources.Buildinglargedamscanalsocauseearthquakes.For

example,about80,000peoplediedinChinain2008asaresultofa7.9-magnitudeearthquakecausedby320milliontonsofwaterthathadbeencollectedintheZipingpuReservoi

rafteralargedamwasbuiltoveraknownfaultline.Thesearen’ttheonlyhumanactivitiesthatcanresultinearthquakes,though.Scientis

tspointoutthatearthquakescanalsobecausedbyotherhumanactivities,suchasconstructionofskyscrapersandnuclear

explosions.12.Whatdoestheunderlinedpart“faultlines”inParagraph1referto?A.Regionswithactivehumanactions.B.Placesassociatedwithnaturalba

lance.C.Zoneswherenaturalresourcesarerich.D.Areaswhereearthquakestendtohappen.13.Whatdominingandoilproducinghaveincommon?A.Theybreakthebalance

ofnature.B.Theydestroythestabilityofrocks.C.Theyusehighpressuretogetresources.D.TheydomuchdamagetoEarth’ssurface.14.WhatcanbeinferredfromPar

agraph4?A.The2008earthquakeistheworstinhistory.B.Constructionofdamsshouldbestopped.C.Tonsofwatermustcauseearthquakes.D.Thelocationofa

dammattersmuch.15.Whatdoesthetextmainlytellus?A.Naturepunisheshumansbymeansofearthquakes.B.Progresshasbeenmadeonearthquakeresearch.C.Huma

nsaretoblameforsomeearthquakes.D.Earthquakesarenolongernature-made.【答案】12.D13.B14.D15.C【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。本文主要介绍的是一些地震是人类活

动造成的，并介绍了哪些人类活动会造成地震。【12题详解】词义猜测题。根据画线短语句中“pastseismic(地震的)activity”(过去的地震活动)和“tohumanactions”(人类行为)可知，科学家追踪的是由人类活动引起的地震，而不是

一些容易发生地震的地区，“or”前后的“faultlines”和“pastseismic(地震的)activity”为选择关系，由此可知，“faultlines”指的也是一些容易发生地震的地区。故选D项。【13题详解】推理判断题。根据第三段关键句“Ascompa

niesdrilldeeperanddeeperbelowEarth’ssurfacetogetnaturalresources,holesleftbehindcancauseinstabilitythatleadstocollapsesthatcauseearthquake

s.”(随着公司在地球表面下越来越深地钻探以获取自然资源，留下的洞可能导致不稳定，导致崩塌，引发地震。)可知，采矿留下的洞可能导致岩石不稳定，引发地震；再根据第三段关键句“Inthisprocess,water,sandandchem

icalsarepressedundergroundunderhighpressuretobreakrockstoreleasenaturalresources.”(在这个过程中，水、沙子和化学物质在高压下被压入地下，以破

碎岩石，释放自然资源。)可知，石油生产使用的高压破碎岩石，导致岩石不稳定，引发地震，由此可知，采矿和石油生产的共同点在于它们破坏了岩石的稳定性。故选B项。【14题详解】推理判断题。根据第四段内容“Buildinglargedamscanal

socauseearthquakes.Forexample,about80,000peoplediedinChinain2008asaresultofa7.9-magnitudeearthquakecausedby320milliontonsofwaterthat

hadbeencollectedintheZipingpuReservoirafteralargedamwasbuiltoveraknownfaultline.”(建造大型水坝也会引起地震。例如，2008年，中国

发生了7.9级地震，造成约8万人死亡。这场地震是由于紫坪铺水库在一条已知断层线上修建了一座大型水坝后，收集了3.2亿吨水造成的。)可知，紫坪铺水库在一条已知断层线上修建了一座大型水坝，引发了地震，由此可知，大坝的位置非常重要，不应该

建在断层线上。故选D项。【15题详解】主旨大意题。通读全文，结合第二段关键句“Scientistshaveconfirmedover700placeswherehumanactivitieshavecausedearthquakesove

rthelastcentury.”(科学家们已经确认了上个世纪人类活动造成地震的700多个地方。)可知，本文主要介绍的是一些地震是人类活动造成的，并介绍了哪些人类活动会造成地震，“Humansaretoblameforsomeearthqu

akes”意为“有些地震是人类造成的”，选项能够概括文章主要内容。故选C项。02【湖南省长沙市长郡中学2022-2023学年高三上学期入学考试】Alargebodyofresearchhasbeendevelope

dinrecentyearstoexplainmanyaspectsofwillpower.Mostoftheresearchersexploringself-controldosowithanobviousgoalinmind:Howca

nwillpowerbestrengthened?Ifwillpoweristrulyalimitedresource,astheresearchsuggests,whatcanbedonetomakeitstaystrong?Avoidingtem

ptation(诱惑)isaneffectivemethodformaintainingself-control,whichiscalledthe“outofsight,outofmind”principle.

Onerecentstudy,forinstance,foundofficeworkerslessattractedtocandyinthedeskdrawerthanthatontopoftheirdesks,inplainsight.Theresea

rchsuggestingthatwepossessalimitedreservoirofself-controlraisesatroublingquestion.Whenwefacetoomanytemptations,arewetofail

?Notnecessarily.Researchersdon’tbelievethatone’swillpowerisevercompletelyexhausted.Rather,peopleappeartoholdsomewillpowerinreserve,s

avedforfuturedemands.Therightmotivationallowsustotapintothosereserves,allowingustocarryonevenwhenourself-controlstrengthhasbeenrundown.Highmotiv

ationmighthelpovercomeweakenedwillpower-atleasttoapoint.Willpowermayalsobemadelessvulnerable（脆弱）tobeingexhaustedinthefirstplace.R

esearcherswhostudyself-controloftendescribeitasbeinglikeamusclethatgetstiredwithheavyuse.Butthereisanotheraspecttothemusclecomparison,theysay.W

hilemusclesbecomeexhaustedbyexerciseintheshortterm,theyarestrengthenedbyregularexerciseinthelongterm.Similarly,regularpr

acticesofself-controlmayimprovewillpowerstrength.Theevidencefromwillpower-exhaustionstudiesalsosuggeststhatmakingalistof

resolutionsonNewYear’sEveistheworstpossibleapproach.Beingexhaustedinoneareacanreducewillpowerinotherareas,soitmakesmoresenseto

focusonasinglegoalatatime.Inotherwords,don’ttrytoquitsmoking,adoptahealthydietandstartanewexerciseplanatthesametime.Takinggoalsonebyon

eisabetterapproach.Onceagoodhabitisinplace,Baumeistersays,you’llnolongerneedtodrawonyourwillpowertomaintainthebehavior.Eventuallyhealthyhab

itswillbecomeroutine,andwon’trequiremakingdecisionsatall.8.Fromthestudiesinthepassagewelearnthat.A.peoplehaveunlim

itedself-controlB.highmotivationensuresone’ssuccessC.willpowerishardlycompletelyexhaustedD.toomanytemptationsoftenleadtofailure9.Theunderlin

edphrase“tapinto”inParagraph3mostprobablymeans.A.makeuseofB.runoutofC.buildD.increase10.Theauthorcomparesself–controltomu

scles.A.toprovethelong-termeffectofwillpowerB.toshowthesignificanceofregularexerciseC.toarguethatself-controlcanbeeasilyusedupD.toexpl

ainthebenefitsofpracticingself-control11.Todevelopagoodhabit,whichofthefollowingdoestheauthorprefer?A.“Iwillgive

updessertanddoexercise.”B.“Iwillsetthreegoalsthisnewsemester.”C.“IwillreadanEnglishnoveleverymonth.”D.“Iw

illkeepmyselffromanytemptation.”【答案】8.C9.A10.D11.C【解析】【分析】这是一篇议论文。短文列举了关于意志力的几种研究和观点，作者认为有了明确的目标，良好的自我监督和练习，就可以在面对诱惑时使意志力保持坚强。【8题详

解】细节推理题。根据第三段Researchersdon’tbelievethatone’swillpowerisevercompletelyexhausted.Rather,peopleappeartoholdsomewillpowerinreserv

e,savedforfuturedemands.可知，研究人员不相信人的意志力会完全耗尽，他们还有备用的和为将来需求节省的意志力。所以从文章中的研究我们了解到意志力几乎没有完全丧失。故C选项正确。【9题详解

】猜测词义题。由第三段“Therightmotivationallowsustotapintothosereserves,allowingustocarryonevenwhenourself-controlstrengthhasbeenrundown.”可知，正确的动机使我们

能够利用这些储备，即使我们的自我控制能力已经被消耗殆尽，我们仍然可以继续前进。所以通过上下文的语境，判断出“tapinto”指利用，与makeuseof同义。故A选项正确。【10题详解】推理判断题。根据第四段Whilemusclesbecomeexhaustedbyex

erciseintheshortterm,theyarestrengthenedbyregularexerciseinthelongterm.Similarly,regularpracticesofself-controlmayimprovewillpow

erstrength.可知，虽然肌肉在短期内会因运动而疲惫不堪，但长期而言，它们会通过经常锻炼而增强。同样规律的自我控制可以提高意志力。两者相比是为了说明同一个道理：长期的锻炼和自我控制的好处。所以作者把自我控制比作肌肉是为了解释自我控制的好处。故D选项正确。【11题详解】推理判断题。

根据倒数第二段Takinggoalsonebyoneisabetterapproach.Onceagoodhabitisinplace,you’llnolongerneedtodrawonyourwillpowertomaintainthebeh

avior.Eventuallyhealthyhabitswillbecomeroutine,andwon’trequiremakingdecisionsatall.可知，作者认为一个接一个的制定目标是一个更好的方法。一旦养成好习惯，你就不再需要依靠

意志力来维持自己的行为。最终健康的习惯将成为惯例，而且不需要做任何决定。所以C项“IwillreadanEnglishnoveleverymonth.”是先设立目标，然后成为好习惯，作者更喜欢这种目标。故C选项正确。【点睛】根据事物的定义或者对事物总体的概括，从而判断出哪些具

体事物或者具体的实践应该属于定义的范围或者是概括的范围是我们经常见到的推理判断题的题型。要解决这样的判断题，首先要讲对事物的定义或者对事物的总体概括要读清楚，然后根据对比4个选项，哪个选项在定义或者概括范围内的。哪个就是正确的答案。由倒数第二段T

akinggoalsonebyoneisabetterapproach.Onceagoodhabitisinplace,you’llnolongerneedtodrawonyourwillpowertomaintainthebehavior.Eventuallyhealthyhabit

swillbecomeroutine,andwon’trequiremakingdecisionsatall.可知，作者认为一个接一个的制定目标是一个更好的方法。一旦养成好习惯，你就不再需要依靠意志力来维持自己的行为。最终健康的习惯将成为惯例，而且不需要做任何决定。C项“I

willreadanEnglishnoveleverymonth.”是先设立目标，然后成为好习惯，作者更喜欢这种目标。故小题4的正确选项为C选项。02【湖南省长沙市长郡中学2022-2023学年高三上学期入学考试】Midwaythrou

ghTheMatrix,Cypherfeastsonanenormoussteak,wellawarethathisrealityisnotreal,partofadigitalprogramtellinghis

brainthatthesteakisaconstructionandthatitis“juicyanddelicious.”Twodecadesafterthemoviemadeitsfirstappearance,somethingunexpecteda

rises:Thefutureofrealitywillnotonlybevirtualbutalsosynthetic(合成的).Cypher’sfuturemealwillbeaphysicalone,synthesizedfromanimal

cells.Andthesynthesisgoesbeyonddinner.Startingwithcomponentsfromthenaturalworld,scientistsarelearningtoen

gineermicroorganismsandbuildbiocomputingsystems.However,biologyhasatendencytoevolveinunexpectedways.Synthesizedmeatis

onecaseinpoint.Thedrivingforcesbehindthemeatmovementarepractical.Ithasbeenestimatedthatcultured(培育的)meatwouldrequire7to45percen

tlessenergyandproduce78to96percentlessgreenhousegasthanconventionalanimalsfarmedforconsumption.Butoncewe’reabletosynthesi

zemeat,theoretically,we’llhavethecapabilitytoculturemeatfromanyanimal,eventhosewe’dneverconsidereatingtoday,likedolphinsorchimpanzees,whichwillposea

newregulatorychallengeforus.Usingsyntheticbiology,wecaneveneditandrewritelife,thetechnologyofwhicharealreadyinuse.In2021,scientistsinsomecount

riesannouncedtheyhadgrownmonkeyembryosinjectedwithhumanstemcells.Herecomesthesituationworthconsidering:suchamonke

y-humanhybridwilldemonstratequalitiesthataresomewherebetweenhumans,onwhichexperimentationisn’tallowed,andanimals,whichareoftenrai

sedspecificallyforresearch.Howwillwedecidewhenananimalbecomestoohuman?Dependingonwhereyoustand,thesyntheticrealitieslandsomewherebetween“real

lyexciting”and“criticallyconcerning.”Asindividuals,weundertakeasharedresponsibilitytomakegoodchoicesaboutthiscomingsynthe

tictechnology.12.WhatdoweknowaboutCypher’ssteakinthemovie?A.Itisanythingbutappetizing.B.Itisenjoyedinavirtualworld

.C.Itissynthesizedfromanimalcell.D.Itisaconstructionmadebyhimself.13.What’stheadvantageofsynthesizedmeat?A.Itismorenut

ritious.B.Itismoreenergy-consuming.C.Itismoreenvironment-friendly.D.Itismorecontrollableinregulation.14.Whati

stheauthor’sattitudetotheexperimentinParagraph4?A.Cautious.B.Favorable.C.Pessimistic.D.Indifferent.15.Whatisthepurposeofthetext?

A.Topopularizesynthetictechnology.B.Toindicatechallengesofsynthetictechnology.C.Tostresstheimportanceofsynthetictechnology.D.Tointroducet

hedevelopmentofsynthetictechnology.【答案】12.B13.C14.A15.B【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章讨论合成技术带来的挑战。【12题详解】细节理解题。由第一段中的“Midw

aythroughTheMatrix,Cypherfeastsonanenormoussteak,wellawarethathisrealityisnotreal,partofadigitalprogramtellinghisbra

inthatthesteakisaconstructionandthatitis“juicyanddelicious.”(在《黑客帝国》中，塞弗享用着一块巨大的牛排，他清楚地意识到自己的现实并不是真实的，这是一个数字程序的一部分，数字程序告诉他的大脑，牛排是一个结构，而且“多汁美

味”)”可知，塞弗知道自己处于虚拟现实，牛排是数字构造出来的，他是在虚拟世界中享受牛排。故选B项。【13题详解】细节理解题。由第三段中的“Ithasbeenestimatedthatcultured(培育的)meatwouldrequire7t

o45percentlessenergyandproduce78to96percentlessgreenhousegasthanconventionalanimalsfarmedforconsumption.Buto

ncewe’reabletosynthesizemeat,theoretically,we’llhavethecapabilitytoculturemeatfromanyanimal(据估计，与传统养殖食用动

物相比，培养肉（即合成肉）所需能源减少7%至45%，产生的温室气体减少78%至96%)”可知，合成肉所需要的能源更少，所产生的温室气体也更少。所以合成肉更环保。故选C项。【14题详解】推理判断题。由第四段中的“In2021,

scientistsinsomecountriesannouncedtheyhadgrownmonkeyembryosinjectedwithhumanstemcells.Herecomesthesituationworthconsiderin

g:suchamonkey-humanhybridwilldemonstratequalitiesthataresomewherebetweenhumans,onwhichexperimentationisn’tallowed,anda

nimals,whichareoftenraisedspecificallyforresearch.Howwillwedecidewhenananimalbecomestoohuman?(2021，一些国家的科学家宣布

他们已经用人类干细胞注射了猴子胚胎。下面是一个值得考虑的情况：这种人猴杂交将展示出介于人类和动物之间的品质，人类不允许进行实验，而动物通常是专门为研究而饲养的。我们将如何决定动物何时变得过于人性化？)”可知，作者指出该实验对

象既表现出人的某些特点（这一部分不允许被实验）也有动物的特点，作者提出的疑问表现出对此实验持有谨慎的态度。故选A项。【15题详解】推理判断题。文章第一段以《黑客帝国》片段引出合成肉话题，第二段指出合成技术有朝不可预料方

向发展的趋势，第三四段以两个例子（合成肉带来的管控挑战和基因合成可能出现的伦理问题）说明合成技术的发展伴随着挑战，文章的目的在于指出合成技术的挑战。故选B项。03【广东省2022-2023学年新高三开学大联考】Q

ueenElizabethII’sfaceisoneverynoteandcoinintheUnitedKingdom,butstilllittleisknownabouthowmuchmoneyshehaspersonally,ho

wshegetsitandwhostandstoinherit(继承)it.WhatwedoknowfrompublicrecordsisthattheQueenreceivesatleast$20millioninannualincom

ethroughherprivateestate,andanother100milliondollarsfromtheUKgovernmenteachyear.ThefirstthingtounderstandisthattheQueen’sincomecomesfromboth

publicandprivatepossessions.AlargeamountofitcomesfromsomethingcalledtheSovereignGrant.Here’showthatworks.Inthe1700s,

themonarchy(王室)handedoverincomefromlandtothegovernmentknownastheCrownEstate.Eachyearthegovernmentpaysapercentageo

ftheprofitsmadeonthosepossessionsbacktothemonarchy.ThatannualincomeisknownastheSovereignGrant.Lastyearittotaledmorethan$

107million.AnditisusedtofundtheQueen’sofficialdutiesandmaintainroyalresidenceslikeBuckinghamPalace.Bute

venifwecan’tidentifyherexactworth,theroyalfinancesarelookinghealthyastheQueencelebratesher70thQueenCeremony.TheS

undayTimesRichListestimatedtheQueen’snetworthis$466million,up$6.2milliondollarsfromlastyear.AndwhiletheDuchyofLancastersawUKincomedropduringt

hepandemic,accordingtoitsfinancialrecords,theQueen’sincomehasbeenturningupwardsoverthepastdecade.Anyway,themonarchyisaprivatefamily

,andtheyareunlikelytoshareanydetailsoftheirwealthwiththeBritishpublic,andthatprobablywon’tchangeanyt

imesoon.8.HowdoestheQueengetherincome?A.FromtheCrownEstate.B.FromtheSovereignGrant.C.Fromthemonarchyandthegovernment.D.Fromthegovernmen

tandprivatepossessions.9.What’sthemainideaofParagraph4?A.HowtheQueen’sincomeiscalculated.B.Howthemonarchycooperateswiththeg

overnment.C.HowtheSovereignGrantworksandwhatthemoneyisusedfor.D.HowthemonarchygetspaidandwhattheQueen’sofficialdutiesare.10.Whatc

anbeinferredabouttheQueen’sincomefromParagraph5?A.Itcanbeexactlyidentified.B.Itdecreasesduringthepandemic.C.Itismorethanthatfroml

astyear.D.ItismorethanthatoftheUKgovernment.11.Whichsectionmaythetextbetakenfrom?A.Health.B.History.C.Education.D.Economy.【答案】8.D9.C10.C

11.D【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了英国女王的收入构成及其用途。【8题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段“WhatwedoknowfrompublicrecordsisthattheQueenreceivesatleast$20millioninannu

alincomethroughherprivateestate,andanother100milliondollarsfromtheUKgovernmenteachyear.(我们从公共记录中知道的是，女王每年通过她的私人财产至少获得2000万美元的收入，还有每年从英国政府获得1亿美元的收入。)”

和第三段“theQueen’sincomecomesfrombothpublicandprivatepossessions(女王的收入来自公共和私人财产)”可知，英国女王的收入有私人财产也有公家收入。故

选D。【9题详解】主旨大意题。根据第四段的“Inthe1700s,themonarchy(王室)handedoverincomefromlandtothegovernmentknownastheCrow

nEstate.Eachyearthegovernmentpaysapercentageoftheprofitsmadeonthosepossessionsbacktothemonarchy.Thatannualincomeisknown

astheSovereignGrant.Lastyearittotaledmorethan$107million.AnditisusedtofundtheQueen’sofficialdutiesandmaintainroyalresidenceslikeBuckinghamP

alace.(18世纪，王室将土地收入移交给英国皇家财产管理公司(CrownEstate)。每年政府将这些财产的利润的一部分返还给王室。这一年收入被称为“君主拨款”。去年总收入超过1.07亿美元。它还被用来资助女王的官方职责，以及维护白金汉宫等皇家住宅。)”可知，第四段主

要讲theSovereignGrant是如何运作的以及女王的钱用在哪里。故选C。【10题详解】细节理解题。根据第五段的“TheSundayTimesRichListestimatedtheQueen’snetworthis$466mi

llion,up$6.2milliondollarsfromlastyear.(《星期日泰晤士报》富豪榜估计，女王的净资产为4.66亿美元，比去年增加了620万美元。)”可知，女王的收入较去年增加了。故选C。【11题详解】推理判

断题。通读全文，尤其是第一段的“QueenElizabethII’sfaceisoneverynoteandcoinintheUnitedKingdom,butstilllittleisknownabouthowmuchmoneyshehaspersonally,

howshegetsitandwhostandstoinheritit.(伊丽莎白女王二世的头像出现在英国的每一张纸币和硬币上，但人们仍然不知道她个人有多少钱，她如何获得这些钱，以及谁将继承这些钱。)”可知，本文介绍了英国女

王的收入构成及其用途等，属于经济范畴。由此推知，本文很有可能出自“经济”版块。故选D。03【广东省2022-2023学年新高三开学大联考】Areyousleepingrestlessly,forgettinglittlethings,andfeelingdepressedandl

onely?Don’tworry.We’veallbeenthere.You’reprobablyjuststressedout.Stressisn’talwaysabadthing.Itcanbehandyforaburstofextraenergyandfocus,likewheny

ou’replayingacompetitivesport,orhavetospeakinpublic.Butwhenit’scontinuous,thekindofsituationmostofusfacedaily,itactually

beginstochangeyourbrain.Chronic(长期的)stress,likebeingoverworkedorhavingargumentsathomefrequently,canaffectbrainsize,itsstructure,andhowitfu

nctions,rightdowntothelevelofyourgenes.Aslevelsofcortisol(皮质醇)rise,electricsignalsinyourhippocampus(海马体),thepartofthebrainass

ociatedwithlearning,memories,andstresscontrol,decline.Whenthehippocampusweakens,sodoesyourabilitytocontrolyourstress.That’snotall,th

ough.Cortisolcanliterallycauseyourbraintogetsmallerinsize.Toomuchofitresultsintheshrinkingofthepartofyourbrainthatregulatesbehaviorslikecon

centration,decision-making,judgement,andsocialinteraction.Italsoleadstofewernewbraincellsbeingmadeinthehi

ppocampus.Thismeanschronicstressmightmakeitharderforyoutolearnandrememberthings,andalsosetthestageform

oreseriousmentalproblems,likedepressionandeventuallyAlzheimer’sdisease.It’snotallbadnews,though.Therearemanywaystochangewhatcortiso

ldoestoyourstressedbrain.Themostpowerfulweaponsareexerciseandgettingintodeepthoughts,whichinvolvesbreathingdeeplyandbeinga

wareandfocusedonyoursurroundings.Bothoftheseactivitiesdecreaseyourstressandincreasethesizeofthehippocampus,andthereforeyourmemoryimproves.So

don’tfeeldefeatedbythepressuresofdailylife.Getcontrolofyourstressbeforeittakescontrolofyou.12.Onwhichoccasioncanstressbeagoodthing?

A.Whenmakingdecisions.B.Whendeliveringaspeech.C.Whenbeingindeepthought.D.Whenforgettinglittlethings.13.Whatmayinfluenc

eyourgenes’levelaccordingtothetext?A.Havingchronicstress.B.Playingcompetitivesports.C.WorkingovertimelastFriday.D.Havingafightwithyourbrothe

r.14.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“It”refertoinParagraph6?A.Relevantbehavior.B.Toomuchcortisol.C.Socialinteraction.D.Thesmallerbraininsi

ze.15.Whichofthefollowingcanbeagoodwaytorelievestress?A.Sleepingalot.B.Doingsportsregularly.C.Changingthecortisol.D.Havingsocialinteraction.【答案】12.B

13.A14.B15.B【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了长期的压力的结果，会影响大脑的大小，结构，大脑的功能及基因的水平。同时介绍了减小压力的方法。【12题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段中“Itcanbehandyfora

burstofextraenergyandfocus,likewhenyou’replayingacompetitivesport,orhavetospeakinpublic.”（它可以帮助你获得额外的能量和注意力，比如当你参加一项竞技运动，或者不得不在公共场合演讲时。）可知，在竞技性体育比赛和公

开演讲之时的适量紧张是有利的。故选B。【13题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段“Chronic(长期的)stress,likebeingoverworkedorhavingargumentsathomefrequently,canaffectbrainsize,

itsstructure,andhowitfunctions,rightdowntothelevelofyourgenes.”（长期的压力，比如工作过度或者经常在家争吵，会影响大脑的大小、结构和功能，甚至影响到你的基因水平。）可知，长期的压力会影响你的基因水平。故选A

。【14题详解】词句猜测题。代词“It”指代上文提到过的单数第三人称名词、短语或句子，根据第五段中“Cortisolcanliterallycauseyourbraintogetsmallerinsize.Toomuchofitresultsinth

eshrinkingofthepartofyourbrainthatregulatesbehaviorslikeconcentration,decision-making,judgement,andsociali

nteraction.”（皮质醇会导致你的大脑变小。过多的信息会导致大脑中控制集中、决策、判断和社会交往等行为的部分萎缩。）可知，皮质醇会导致你的大脑变小。再根据划线词所在句“Italsoleadstofewernewbraincell

sbeingmadeinthehippocampus.”（这也导致海马体中产生的新脑细胞减少。），两者属于并列递进关系，主语相同。因此划线词此处指代上文“toomuchofcortisol”故选B。【15题详解】细节理解题。根据

倒数第二段中“Themostpowerfulweaponsareexerciseandgettingintodeepthoughts,whichinvolvesbreathingdeeplyandbeingawar

eandfocusedonyoursurroundings.Bothoftheseactivitiesdecreaseyourstressandincreasethesizeofthehippocampus,andthereforeyourmemoryimproves.”（最有力

的武器是锻炼和冥想，这包括深呼吸和意识到并关注你周围的环境。这两种活动都可以减轻你的压力，增加海马体的大小，从而提高你的记忆力。）可知，运动和冥想是缓解压力的好方法。故选B。04【山东省日照市2022-2

023学年高三上学期第一次校际联考】EveryyearfromMaytoJuly,tensofthousandsofTibetanantelopesfromregionsinQinghai,Tibetautonomousregion,andXinjiangautonomousregi

onmaketheirwaytoHohXilnaturereserveinQinghaitogivebirth.ThemothersandnewbornTibetanantelopesmakethereturntriparoundAugust.Thisjourneyis

rathertough.Morethan90percentofthefemaleanimalsgivebirtheveryyear,butonlyabout30percentofthenewbornssurvive.Manyofthemdieonthereturnjourney,unabletow

ithstandthepredators(捕食性动物)anddisease.Thegovernmenthasadoptedsomehigh-techmethodstoassistinthesafereturnofnewbornantelopesandprotectthespecies.

In2013,withthehelpoftheBeiDouNavigationSatelliteSystem,researchersdiscoveredandconfirmedthelargestTibetanantel

ope“birthroom”ontheQinghai-TibetPlateau,andtheymappedthemigrationroutesofTibetanantelopes.Sincelate2018,asolar-po

wereddronehasbeenusedtomonitorthemigrationherds.“Thesolar-powereddronehasalongflyingtimewithhigh-resolutioncameras,whichgivesusanewu

nderstandingofmanyspecificroutesduringthemigrationofTibetanantelopes,”saidWuXiaomin,anexpertfromtheShaanxiInstituteofZoology.“Forexample,thenom

ads(牧民)putfencesonthegrasslandtoprotectthegrass,butsometimesthesehinderthenormalactivityoftheTibetanantelopes.”ToclearthewayfortheTibetanante

lopes,thegovernmentoftheTibethastakenactioninrecentyearstogivemoreprotectedspacetowildlife.Theyrelocatenomadsfr

omplacesataltitudesabove4,800meterstootherplacesintheregion.Knownas“plateauelves”,Tibetanantelopeshaveadaptedtotheuniqueandseve

renaturalconditionsoftheQinghai-TibetPlateau.AccordingtoWu,theTibetanantelopeisrecognizedasanimportantindicatorspeciesofthenaturalecosystem.Th

epopulationofTibetanantelopeshasgrown.“Witharecordedlowpopulationoffewerthan20,000inQinghai,thenumberhasnowreachedover70,00

0,”saidformerQinghaigovernorXinChangxingataneventtomarkWorldEnvironmentDay.8.WhatcanwelearnaboutTibetanantelopes?

A.TheytraveltoHohXiltofindpartners.B.Only30percentofthemgivebirtheveryyear.C.TheiryearlytriptoHohXiltakesaboutonemonth.D.Thenewborns

arethreatenedbydiseasesandpredators.9.Whatisthesolar-powereddronemainlyusedfor?A.LocatingtheTibetanantelope“birthroom”.B

.RecordingTibetanantelopes’dailyactivities.C.WatchingoverthemigratingTibetanantelopes.D.MappingthemigrationroutesofTibe

tanantelopes.10.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“hinder”inparagraph3probablymean?A.Payattentionto.B.Causetroublefor.C.Tak

econtrolof.D.Playanimportantrolein.11.HowdoesthegovernmentprotectTibetanantelopes?A.Byexpandingtheareaofreserve.B.Byd

rivingawaytheirpredators.C.Byencouragingnomadstoprotectthem.D.Byrelocatingthemtoaprotectedplace.【答案】8.D9.C10.B11.A【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。藏羚

羊作为自然生态系统的重要指示物种，为了保护藏羚羊，政府近些年来实施了保护行动，为这些动物提供了更多的保护空间。【8题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段中“Morethan90percentofthefemaleanimalsgivebirthever

yyear,butonlyabout30percentofthenewbornssurvive.Manyofthemdieonthereturnjourney,unabletowithstandthepredators(捕食性动物)

anddisease.”（每年超过90%的雌性动物生产，但只有大约30%的新生儿存活下来。它们中的许多在返程途中死亡，无法抵御掠食者和疾病）可知，每年有超过90%的雌性藏羚羊会生产，而仅有30%的新生儿能存活下来，在返回的途中，这些存活下来的新生儿因为无法抵御掠食者和疾病而

死亡。即新生儿会受到掠食者和疾病的威胁。故选D。【9题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段中“Sincelate2018,asolar-powereddronehasbeenusedtomonitorthemigrati

onherds.“Thesolar-powereddronehasalongflyingtimewithhigh-resolutioncameras,whichgivesusanewunderstandingofmanyspeci

ficroutesduringthemigrationofTibetanantelopes,”saidWuXiaomin,anexpertfromtheShaanxiInstituteofZoology.”（自2018年底以来，一架太阳能无人机已被用于监测迁徙群。陕

西省动物研究所专家吴晓民说：“这种太阳能无人机配备高分辨率摄像头，飞行时间长，这让我们对藏羚羊迁徙过程中的许多具体路线有了新的认识。”）可知，太阳能无人机的使用主要是用于监测迁徙的藏羚羊群。故选C。【10题详解】词句猜

测题。根据第三段中最后一句““Forexample,thenomads(牧民)putfencesonthegrasslandtoprotectthegrass,butsometimesthesehinderthenormalactivityoftheTibetanantelopes

.””（例如，游牧民族在草原上设置栅栏来保护草地，但有时这些栅栏会hinder藏羚羊的正常活动）第四段第一句“ToclearthewayfortheTibetanantelopes,thegovernmentoftheTibethastakenactioninrecen

tyearstogivemoreprotectedspacetowildlife.”（为了给藏羚羊扫清道路，西藏政府近年来采取行动，给野生动物更多的保护空间）结合此处的“clearthewayfortheTibetanantelopes”可

知，牧民设置的保护草地的栅栏成为了藏羚羊正常活动的障碍，所以政府采取行动来给藏羚羊扫清道路上的障碍。所以划线词指“妨碍，阻碍”。故选B。【11题详解】细节理解题。根据第四段“ToclearthewayfortheTibetanante

lopes,thegovernmentoftheTibethastakenactioninrecentyearstogivemoreprotectedspacetowildlife.Theyrelocatenomadsfromplace

sataltitudesabove4,800meterstootherplacesintheregion.”（为了给藏羚羊扫清道路，西藏政府近年来采取行动，给野生动物更多的保护空间。他们将游牧民从海拔4800米以上的地方迁移到该地区的其

他地方）可知，为了保护藏羚羊，政府近年来采取行动，把牧民从海拔4800米以上的地方迁移到该地区的其他地方，为藏羚羊提供了更多的保护空间。故选A。04【山东省日照市2022-2023学年高三上学期第一次校际联考

】SamsungElectronicsAmericaannouncedthatGalaxydeviceownerscanmaketheirownrepairstotheGalaxyS20andS21familyofpr

oducts,aswellastheGalaxyTabS7+,startingAugust2nd.SamsungiscooperatingwithiFixit,theleadingonlinerepaircommunity,todeliverthei

rSelf-Repairprogram.ThisprogramaddstoSamsung’scontinuedexpansionsforconvenientrepairforconsumersandhelpst

hemwithsustainablesolutionstosupportamorecirculareconomybyextendingthelifeoftheirdevices,aswellasminimizinge-waste.Sams

ungconsumerswhowishtomaketheirownrepairscannowpurchaserealdevicepartsandconvenient,easy-to-userepairtools,availablethroughiFixit,Samsungretail(零售)and

servicelocations,atthesamepricingofferedtoourrepairproviders.Inaddition,Galaxydeviceownerswillhavefullaccesstoonli

nerepairguidesthatprovidebothvisualandwrittenstep-by-stepinstructions,andbestofall,atnocost.“Makingreplacementpartsavailabl

eisakeysustainabilitystrategy.We’reexcitedtobeworkingdirectlywithSamsungandtheircustomerstoextendthelifet

imeoftheirphones,”saidCEOofiFixit.Startingtoday,Galaxydeviceownerscanreplacethephonescreen,backglass,and

chargingports.Inthefuture,Samsungplanstoexpandself-repairtoincludemoredevicesandrepairoptionsfromourextensiveproductportfolio(档案).F

urthermore,theprogrammakesiteasyforconsumerstoreturntheirthrown-awaypartsforresponsiblerecycling,ast

henewdisplaykitswillcomewithareturnlabeltoshipthrown-awaypartsbacktoSamsung—atnocosttotheconsumer.Inadditiontotheconvenienceofthesenewse

lf-repairoptions,GalaxysmartphoneownershaveachoiceonhowtheycanextendthelifeoftheirdevicesacrossSamsung’sexp

ansivecareoptions,including:ThroughSamsung’sperfectcarenetwork,customershaveaccesstoover11,000SamsungMobilecertifiedrepairtechnic

iansintheU.S.12.WhowilldotherepairworkundertheSelf-Repairprogram?A.TheiFixitcommunity.B.TheGalaxyconsumers.C.S

amsungRepairstaff.D.Thedevicesthemselves.13.WhatistheSamsungcompanyaimingtodoaccordingtoparagraph2?A.T

opromoteacirculareconomy.B.Tomakefulluseoftheoldparts.C.Toenrichthelifeofthephoneusers.D.ToensurebetterservicebyiFixit.14.Whichofthefollowin

gisfreeofcharge?A.TheSamsungdeviceparts.B.NewSamsungproducts.C.Thewrittenrepairinstructions.D.Theeasy-to-userepairtools.15.Whichcanbetheb

esttitleforthetext?A.ANewInventionB.ANewTechnologyC.ASuccessfulCooperationD.AnInitiativepractice【答案】12.B13.A14.C15.C【解析】【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道，主要

介绍三星与在线维修社区iFixit合作，为Galaxy设备用户提供自助维修服务。【12题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段“SamsungElectronicsAmericaannouncedthatGalaxydeviceownerscanmaket

heirownrepairstotheGalaxyS20andS21familyofproducts,aswellastheGalaxyTabS7+,startingAugust2nd.”（三星电子美国公司

宣布Galaxy设备用户可以自助维修GalaxyTabS7+与GalaxyS20和S21系列产品。）和第二段的第一句“SamsungiscooperatingwithiFixit,theleadingonlinerepaircommunity,todelivert

heirSelf-Repairprogram.”（三星与著名的在线维修社区iFixit正合作开展自助维修计划。）可知，这项自助维修项目的对象是Galaxy用户。故选B项。【13题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段的第二句“Thisprogramadds

toSamsung’scontinuedexpansionsforconvenientrepairforconsumersandhelpsthemwithsustainablesolutionstosupportamorecirculareconomybyextendingt

helifeoftheirdevices,aswellasminimizinge-waste.”（该计划有助三星进一步为消费者提供更便捷的维修服务，为他们提供可持续的解决方案，包括如何延长设备的使用寿命，以及如何最大限度地减少电子垃圾，从而促进循环度更高的经济。）可知，三星

旨在促进循环经济。故选A项。【14题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段的最后一句“Inaddition,Galaxydeviceownerswillhavefullaccesstoonlinerepairguidesthatprovidebothvisua

landwrittenstep-by-stepinstructions,andbestofall,atnocost.”（此外，Galaxy设备用户可以自由访问线上维修指南，指南提供了视频版和文字版的分步指导。而且最棒的是，这些全部免费。）可知，文字版的维修说明

是免费的。故选C项。【15题详解】主旨大意题。通读全文，文章第一段指出三星宣布Galaxy设备用户可以自助维修Galaxy部分产品；第二段介绍三星与iFixit开展了用户自助维修计划；第三至第五段主要介绍该计划能够为用户提供的自助维修服务。所以本文主要介绍三星与iFix

it的合作，则C项“一项成功的合作”最适合作为本文的标题。故选C项。05【江苏省海安市2022-2023学年高三上学期期初学业质量监测】Climatechangeleadstothreattotheworld’ssandybeaches,andasmanyashalfofthemco

ulddisappearby2100,anewstudyhasfound.Evenby2050somecoastlinescouldbeunrecognizablefromwhatweseetoday,with10%to12%facingseriouseros

ion(侵蚀).Usingupdatedsealevelrisepredictions,theresearchersanalyzedhowbeachesaroundtheworldwouldbeinafuturewithhigherseasandmored

amagingstorms.Theyalsoconsiderednaturalprocesseslikewaveerosion,aswellashumanfactors—likecoastalbuild

ingdevelopments,allofwhichcanaffectabeach'shealth.Thestudyfoundthatsealevelriseisexpectedtooutweigh(胜过)theseotherfactors,andthatthemoreh

eat-trappinggaseshumanputintotheatmosphere,theworsetheinfluencesontheworld’sbeachesarelikelytobe.It’shardtooverstatejusthowimport

anttheworld'sbeachesare.Theycovermorethanonethirdoftheworld’scoastlines,andprotectcoastalareasfromstorms.Beachesarealsoim

portanteconomicengines,supportingrelaxation,tourismandotheractivities.Andinsomeareas,thebeachismorethanavacationdestination.Inplac

eslikeAustralia,lifenearthecoastrevolves(围绕)aroundthebeachformuchoftheyear.Someoftheworld’smostpopularbeachesarealread

ytakingaction.PlaceslikeMiamiBeacharetruckinginthousandsoftonsofsandtopatchup(修复)badlyerodedshorelines,whileo

thershavebuiltseawallsandbreakwatersinanattempttoholdprecioussandinplace.Butthefinancialandenvironmentalcostsoftheseproje

ctsarehuge,andscientistssayrisingseasandmorepowerfulstorms,aswellasawarmerclimate,maymakethisalosingbattle.However,theresearche

rsdidfindthathumanshavesomecontroloverwhathappenstotheworld'sbeaches.Iftheworld’sgovernmentsareabletocontinuecuttin

gheat-trappinggaspollution,theresearchersfoundthat22%ofprojectedbeachlossesby2050couldbeprevented,anumberthatgrowsto40%by2100ifg

reenhousegasesarelimited.8.Whichofthefollowingmainlycausesseriousbeacherosion?A.Higherseas.B.Humanfactors.C.Damagingstorms.D.Waveerosion.9.Whatcan

weinferfromParagraph3?A.Stormsdamageonethirdofworld’scoastlines.B.Significanceofbeachescan’tbeunderestimated.C.Economic

activitiesmaycausedamagetobeaches.D.BeachesaretheonlyeconomicengineforAustralia.10.Howdoscientiststhinkoftheactionstak

entoprotectbeaches?A.Costlybutfailed.B.Effectivebutnotenough.C.Orderlybutslow.D.Enormousbutnotconstant.11.Whatisthetextmainlyabout?A.Actionsha

vebeentakentoprotectbeaches.B.Beachesarefacingthethreatofdisappearing.C.Lifeincoastalareasmainlydependsonbeaches.D.Thereexistchallengestoprotect

erodedbeaches.【答案】8.A9.B10.B11.B【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。一项新研究显示，气候变化对世界上的沙滩造成了威胁，到2100年将有一半的沙滩消失。【8题详解】细节理解题。由第二段中的“Thestudyfoundthatsealevel

riseisexpectedtooutweigh(胜过)theseotherfactors,andthatthemoreheat-trappinggaseshumanputintotheatmosphere,theworsetheinfl

uencesontheworld’sbeachesarelikelytobe.(研究发现，海平面上升预计将超过这些其他因素，而且人类向大气中排放的吸热气体越多，对世界海滩的影响可能越严重)”可知，更高的海平面主要导致严重的海滩侵蚀。故选A项。【

9题详解】推理判断题。由第三段“It’shardtooverstatejusthowimportanttheworld'sbeachesare.Theycovermorethanonethirdoftheworld’scoastlines,andprotectcoastal

areasfromstorms.Beachesarealsoimportanteconomicengines,supportingrelaxation,tourismandotheractivities.Andinsomeareas,t

hebeachismorethanavacationdestination.InplaceslikeAustralia,lifenearthecoastrevolves(围绕)aroundthebeachformuchoftheyear.(很难夸

大世界海滩的重要性。它们覆盖了世界三分之一以上的海岸线，并保护沿海地区免受风暴侵袭。海滩也是重要的经济引擎，支持休闲、旅游和其他活动。在某些地区，海滩不仅仅是度假胜地。在像澳大利亚这样的地方，海岸附近的生活在一年的大部分时间里都围绕着海滩)”可知，本段通过具体事例主要强调了海滩对人类生活非常

重要，可得出海滩的重要性不容低估。故选B项。【10题详解】推理判断题。根据第四段中的Butthefinancialandenvironmentalcostsoftheseprojectsarehuge,andsci

entistssayrisingseasandmorepowerfulstorms,aswellasawarmerclimate,maymakethisalosingbattle.（但是，这些项目的财务

和环境成本是巨大的，科学家们说，海平面上升和更强烈的风暴，以及更温暖的气候，可能会使这场战斗失败。）以及第五段中“However,theresearchersdidfindthathumanshave

somecontroloverwhathappenstotheworld'sbeaches.(然而，研究人员确实发现，人类对世界海滩的变化有一定的控制能力.)”说到人类对沙滩的治理还是有一定控制力的。可知，科学家认为这些保护海滩采取的行动是有效的，但是并不能够完全解决问题，故选B项。【11题详解

】主旨大意题。由第一段“Climatechangeleadstothreattotheworld’ssandybeaches,andasmanyashalfofthemcoulddisappearby2

100,anewstudyhasfound.Evenby2050somecoastlinescouldbeunrecognizablefromwhatweseetoday,with10%to12%facingseriouserosion(侵蚀).(一项新的研究发现，气候变化

对世界海滩造成威胁，到2100年，其中多达一半的海滩可能消失。即使到2050年，一些海岸线也可能无法从我们今天看到的情况中辨认出来，10%到12%的海岸线面临严重侵蚀)”可知，文章首段就点明了主题，气候变化对世界上的海滩造成了威胁，到2100年将

有一半的海滩消失，可得出文章主要讲海滩面临消失的威胁。故选B项。05【江苏省海安市2022-2023学年高三上学期期初学业质量监测】InthevillagesoftheEnglishcountryside,therearestillpeoplewhorememberthegoodoldd

ayswhennoonebotheredtolocktheirdoors.Theresimplywasn’tanycrimetoworryabout.Amazingly,thesehappytimesappearstilltobewithusintheworld’sbiggestc

ommunity.AnewstudybyDanFarmer,agiftedprogrammer,usinganautomatedinvestigativeprogramofhisowncalledSATAN,showsthattheownersofwelloverhalfofallWorldW

ideWebsiteshavesetuphomewithoutfittinglockstotheirdoors.SATANcantryoutavarietyofwell-knownhackingtricksona

nInternetsitewithoutactuallybreakingin.Farmerhasmadeprogrampubliclyavailable,amongmuchcriticism.Apersonwithevilintentcoulduse

ittohuntdownsitesthatareeasytostealin.ButFarmerisveryconcernedabouttheneedtoalertthepublictopoorsecurit

yand,sofar,eventshaveprovedhimright.SATANhasdonemoretoalertpeopletotherisksthancausenewdisorder.SoistheNetbecomingmoresecure?Farfromit.Intheearlyday

s,whenyouvisitedaWebsite,yourbrowsersimplylookedatthecontent.Nowthewebisfulloftinyprogramsthatautomaticallydownloadwhe

nyoulookataWebpage,andrunonyourownmachine.Theseprogramscould,iftheirauthorswished,doallkindsofnastythingstoyourco

mputer.Butlet’slookonthebrightside.Giventhelackoflocks,theInternetissurelytheworld’sbiggest(almost)crime-f

reesociety.Maybethatisbecausehackersarefundamentallyhonest.Orthattherecurrentlyisn’tmuchtosteal.Orbecausevandalism(蓄意破坏)isn’tmuchfu

nunlessyouhaveaspecialdislikeforsomeone.Whateverthereason,let’senjoyitwhilewecan.Butexpectitalltochange,andsecuritytobecomethenumberoneissu

e,whenthemostinfluentialinhabitantsoftheNetaresellingservicestheywanttobepaidfor.12.Whatdoestheunderlinedsentenceinparag

raph2mean?A.ManyInternetsitesarenotwellprotected.B.Thosehappytimesappearstilltobewithus.C.Theresimplywasn’tanycr

imetoworryabout.D.Hackersdon’tactuallybreakintoanInternetsite.13.WhatcanSATANbeusedtodo?A.Topreventhackersbreak

ingintowebsites.B.ToinvestigatethesecurityofInternetsites.C.ToimprovethesecurityoftheInternetsystem.D.Todownloadusefulprogramsandinformatio

n.14.What’stheauthor’sattitudetoSATAN?A.FavorableB.IndifferentC.CautiousD.Doubtful15.What’sthepurposeofthepassage?A

.TopromoteandselltheSATANprogram.B.ToadvocatepeoplefleeingfromtheInternet.C.Tomakenetizensawareofthesecurityofth

eInternet.D.ToinformnetizensthattheInternetissafewithSATAN.【答案】12.A13.B14.A15.C【解析】【导语】本文是说明文。天才程序员丹•法默(DanF

armer)用他自己开发的名为“撒旦”(SATAN)的自动调查程序进行了一项新研究，结果显示，超过半数的万维网网站的主人已经在没有锁门的情况下建立了自己的家。“撒旦”在一个网站上尝试各种著名的黑客伎俩，目的是提醒人

们注意网络危险。【12题详解】句意猜测题。根据第二段“usinganautomatedinvestigativeprogramofhisowncalledSATAN,showsthattheowner

sofwelloverhalfofallWorldWideWebsiteshavesetuphomewithoutfittinglockstotheirdoors.(用他自称为“撒旦”的自动调查程序所做

的一项最新研究表明，超过一半以上的万维网网站主人建立的家都没有上锁)”推知，划线句子指的是许多网站没有得到很好的保护。故选A。【13题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段“usinganautomatedinvestigativeprogramofhisowncalle

dSATAN(用他自称为‘撒旦’的自动调查程序)”和第三段“SATANcantryoutavarietyofwell-knownhackingtricksonanInternetsitewithoutactuallybreakingin.(“撒旦”可以在

一个网站上尝试各种著名的黑客伎俩，而不是真的入侵)”可知，“撒旦”这个程序是用来检验网站是否安全，故选B。【14题详解】推理判断题。根据第四段的“SATANhasdonemoretoalertpeopletotherisksthancause

newdisorder.(撒旦所做的更多是提醒人们注意风险，而不是引起新的混乱)”和倒数第二段“Butlet’slookonthebrightside.Giventhelackoflocks,theInternetissurelytheworld’

sbiggest(almost)crime-freesociety.(但我们也要看到光明的一面，不考虑安全因素，因特网几乎是世界上最大的没有犯罪的社会)”，由此可推断作者对“撒旦”的态度是支持的，A.Fav

orable支持的；B.Indifferent漠不关心的；C.Cautious谨慎的；D.Doubtful怀疑的。故选A。【15题详解】推理判断题。根据根据第二段“AnewstudybyDanFarmer,agiftedprogrammer,usinganautomatedinvestigat

iveprogramofhisowncalledSATAN,showsthattheownersofwelloverhalfofallWorldWideWebsiteshavesetuphomewithoutfittinglockstotheirdoors.(天才程序员

丹•法默用他自称为“撒旦”的自动调查程序所做的一项最新研究表明，超过一半以上的万维网网站主人建立的家都没有上锁)”并结合全文内容可知，本文主要介绍天才程序员丹•法默用名为“撒旦”的自动调查程序进行了一项新研究，其目的是提醒人们注意网络危险。由此推知，本文写作目的是让网民意识到网络安全。故选C。0

6【河北省保定市部分学校2022-2023学年高三上学期开学考试】Appleshavealwaysplayedasignificantyetdiverseroleinhistory.Todayapplescontinuetoastonishinmedicine,withheadlinesr

eportingthatanappleadayreallydoeshavehealthbenefits.In2013,researchersinOxfordsuggestedthateitheranappleadayorastatin(akindofdrug)seemedtob

eequallysuccessfulatpreventingheartattacksandstrokesinpeopleovertheageof50.EPICstudy,oneofthebiggeststudiesofitskind,involvesh

alfamillionpeopleandlooksattheeffectsofeatingfruitandvegetablesondisease.Participantsconsumingatleasteightportionsadayhadanastonis

hing22%lowerriskofheartdisease,andrisksofsomecancerswereslightlyreduced.However,othercancerswereunaffected,andtherew

asnorealeffectondiabetes.Howmightthehumbleapplebedeclaringwaronheartdiseaseandcancer,twoofourbiggestkillers?Theanswermightlieinpolyphenols(多酚)inap

ples,whichisusefulforprotectingthefruitfromdiseaseandalsogivingitcolorandflavor.Theyhavethepotentialtoprotectourbodybyreducingbloodstickiness

andcholesterol(胆固醇)levels.Severalstudiesalsoshowareductioninbloodpressurewhenmorefruitandvegetablesareeaten.Fur

thermore,applescontainafibrecalledpectin(果胶)whichstickstocholesterolinthebody,slowingtheirabsorption.Whatisclearisthattheappleisacomplexmix

ofcomponents,workingtogetherforthegoodofourhealth.Butcanweeatenoughapplesadaytokeepthedoctoraway?Eatingtoomanymaynotbeagoodidea,especiallywitha

riskoflastingexposuretolowlevelsofpesticide.Somepeopleareevenallergictoapples,andtheycanwearawayouterlayeroftooth.TheDepartm

entofHealth’sadvicetoconsume“5-a-day”(includingbothfruitandvegetables)mightbearealisticstartingpoint.28.Whichoft

hefollowingdotheresearchersagreewith?A.Anappleadaycansuccessfullycureheartdiseases.B.Eatingfruitandvegetablesca

nreducediabetesgreatly.C.Applesandmedicinehavesimilareffectinsomecases.D.Thoseeatingappleshavealowerriskofallcancers.29.Whyarepolyphenolsandp

ectinmentionedinthetext?A.Tomakeacomparison.B.Togiveadviceonhealth.C.Totellwhatapplescontain.D.Toclarifyhowappleswork.30.Whatdoestheunde

rlinedphrase“5-a-day”inthelastparagraphreferto?A.Anappleandfivevegetablesperday.B.Fiveapplesindifferenttimeseveryday.C.Twoap

plesandthreevegetableseveryday.D.Fiveportionsoffruitandvegetablesperday.31.Whereisthetextprobablytakenfrom?A.Abiologytextbook.B.Ah

ealthmagazine.C.Atravelbrochure.D.Anursingreport.【答案】28.C29.D30.D31.B【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。本文主要介绍了吃苹果对健康的益处及为什么会有这些益处。【28题详解】

细节理解题。根据第一段关键句“In2013,researchersinOxfordsuggestedthateitheranappleadayorastatin(akindofdrug)seemedtobeequallysucce

ssfulatpreventingheartattacksandstrokesinpeopleovertheageof50.”（2013年，牛津大学的研究人员指出，每天一个苹果或一片斯达汀（一种药物）在预防50岁以

上人群的心脏病发作和中风方面似乎同样有效。）可知，研究人员指出，每天一个苹果或一片斯达汀（一种药物）在预防50岁以上人群的心脏病发作和中风方面似乎同样有效，由此可知，研究人员同意苹果和药物在某些情况下有类似的效果。故选C项。【29题详解】推理判断题。根据第三段内容“Howmightthehu

mbleapplebedeclaringwaronheartdiseaseandcancer,twoofourbiggestkillers?Theanswermightlieinpolyphenols(多酚)inapples,whi

chisusefulforprotectingthefruitfromdiseaseandalsogivingitcolorandflavor.Theyhavethepotentialtoprotectourbody

byreducingbloodstickinessandcholesterol(胆固醇)levels.”（谦卑的苹果如何向心脏病和癌症这两大杀手宣战？答案可能在于苹果中的多酚类物质，它有助于保护水果免受疾病，并给予其颜色和

味道。它们有可能通过降低血液粘度和胆固醇水平来保护我们的身体。）和第四段关键句“Furthermore,applescontainafibrecalledpectin(果胶)whichstickstocholestero

linthebody,slowingtheirabsorption.”（此外，苹果含有一种称为果胶的纤维，这种纤维粘附在体内的胆固醇上，减缓其吸收。）可知，苹果对健康有益，因为其中含有多酚和果胶，多酚可能通过降低血液粘度和胆固醇水平来

保护我们的身体，果胶也可以减缓胆固醇的吸收，由此可知，文中提到多酚和果胶是为了阐明苹果是如何对我们的健康产生作用的。故选D项。【30题详解】词句猜测题。根据画线短语句中“includingbothfruitandvegetab

les”（包括水果和蔬菜）可知，句中的数字“5”指的是水果和蔬菜共五份，由此可知，句中指卫生部建议每天摄入五份水果和蔬菜，画线短语“5-a-day”指每天五份水果和蔬菜。故选D项。【31题详解】推理判断题。通读全文，结合第一段关键句“To

dayapplescontinuetoastonishinmedicine,withheadlinesreportingthatanappleadayreallydoeshavehealthbenefits.”（今天，苹果在医学上继续令人惊讶，新闻摘要报道每天一个苹果确实对健康有

益。）可知，本文主要介绍了吃苹果对健康的好处，由此可知，本篇文章有可能出自一本健康杂志。故选B项。06【河北省保定市部分学校2022-2023学年高三上学期开学考试】Emergingeconomiesstr

uggledtogrowthroughthe2010sandpessimismcoversthemnow.PeoplewonderhowtheywillpaydebtsduringtheCOVID-19andh

owtheycangrowrapidlyastheydidinthepastinaneraofdeglobalisation(去全球化).Thefreshestofmanyanswerstothisissueisthefa

st-spreadingdigitalrevolution.Thedigitalrevolutionisalreadyasprogressiveinemergingeconomiesasdevelopedones.Amongthetop30nationsbyincomefromdigit

alservicesasashareofgrossdomesticproduct(GDP),16areintheemergingworld.Indonesia,forexample,isfurtheradvancedbythismea

surethanFranceorCanada.Andsince2017,digitalincomehasbeengrowinginemergingcountriesatanaverageannualpaceof2

6percent,comparedwith11percentinthedevelopedones.Howcanitbethatpoorernationsareadoptingcommondigitaltechnol

ogiesfasterthantherich?Oneexplanationishabitanditsabsence.Insocietiesfilledwithphysicalstoresandservices,customersa

reoftencomfortablewiththemandslowtoabandontheproviders.Incountrieswherepeoplehavedifficultyevenfindingabankoradoctor,t

heywilljumpatthefirstdigitaloptionthatcomesalong.Outsidershaveahardtimegraspingtheimpactdigitalservicescanhaveonunderserved(服务不足的)populations.Nat

ionslackinginschools,hospitalsandbankscanquicklybridgethesegapsbyestablishingonlineservices.Thoughonly5percentofKenyanscarrycreditcards,moreth

an70percenthaveaccesstodigitalbanking.It’searlydays,too.AseconomistCarlotaPerezhasshown,techrevolutionslastalongt

ime.Innovationslikethecarandthesteamenginewerestilltransformingeconomieshalfacenturylater.Now,thefadingeraofglobalisationwilllimitthenumbero

femergingmarkets,buttheeraofrapiddigitisationhasonlyjustbegun.Thisoffersmanydevelopingeconomiesarevolutionaryn

ewpathtocatchupwiththelivingstandardsofthedevelopedworld.32.Whatcanweknowaboutthedigitalrevolution?A.Itincreasespeople’sdebtsindeglob

alisation.B.Itpreventsemergingeconomyfromdeveloping.C.Itadvancesinemerginganddevelopedeconomies.D.Itdevelopsmos

trapidlyinIndonesiaintermsofGDP.33.Wherearepeoplemorewillingtoacceptdigitalservices?A.Ineconomieslack

inginonlineservices.B.Incountriesshortofbasicphysicalfacilities.C.Innationswithadequatestoresandservices.D.Insocietieseasytoa

ccessdoctorsandbanks.34.Whatdoestheauthorthinkofthefutureofdigitisation?A.Stable.B.Hopeful.C.Depressing.D.Challenging.35.What

’sthemainideaofthetext?A.Digitaltechnologysavesemergingeconomies.B.Deglobalisationlimitstechnologyrevolutions.C.Emergingeconomiesstrug

gleinthepandemic.D.Digitalrevolutiongrowsbetteringlobalisation.【答案】32.C33.B34.B35.A【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。短文主要介绍了数字技术拯救了新兴经济体。【32题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段“Thedigital

revolutionisalreadyasprogressiveinemergingeconomiesasdevelopedones.”（数字革命在新兴经济体已经和发达经济体一样进步）可知，数字革命在新兴经济体和发达经济体中一样进步。故选C项。【33题

详解】细节理解题。根据第三段“Incountrieswherepeoplehavedifficultyevenfindingabankoradoctor,theywilljumpatthefirstdigitaloptionthatcomesalong.Outsidershaveahard

timegraspingtheimpactdigitalservicescanhaveonunderserved(服务不足的)populations.Nationslackinginschools,hospitalsandbankscanquicklybridgethesegapsby

establishingonlineservices.Thoughonly5percentofKenyanscarrycreditcards,morethan70percenthaveaccesstodigitalbanking.”（在一些国家，人们甚至很

难找到银行或医生，他们会欣然接受出现的第一个数字选择。局外人很难理解数字服务对服务不足人群的影响。缺乏学校、医院和银行的国家可以通过建立在线服务迅速弥合这些差距。尽管只有5%的肯尼亚人持有信用卡，但超过70%的人可以使用数字银行）可知，在缺乏基本物质设施的国家的人们更

愿意接受数字服务。故选B项。【34题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段“Now,thefadingeraofglobalisationwilllimitthenumberofemergingmarkets,buttheeraofrapiddigitisationhasonlyjust

begun.Thisoffersmanydevelopingeconomiesarevolutionarynewpathtocatchupwiththelivingstandardsofthedevelopedworld.”（如今，全球化

渐行渐远的时代将限制新兴市场的数量，但快速数字化的时代才刚刚开始。这为许多发展中经济体提供了一条革命性的新道路，以赶上发达国家的生活水平）推知，作者认为数字化的未来是有希望的。故选B项。【35题详解】主旨大

意题。根据第一段“Emergingeconomiesstruggledtogrowthroughthe2010sandpessimismcoversthemnow.PeoplewonderhowtheywillpaydebtsduringtheCOVID-19andhowt

heycangrowrapidlyastheydidinthepastinaneraofdeglobalisation”（新兴经济体在2010年代曾艰难增长，如今悲观情绪笼罩着它们。人们想知道，在新冠肺炎疫情期间，他们将如何偿还债务，如何像过去在去全球化时代那样快速增长

）和第二段“Thefreshestofmanyanswerstothisissueisthefast-spreadingdigitalrevolution.”（对于这个问题，许多答案中最新的是迅速传播的

数字革命）可知，短文主要是关于数字技术拯救了新兴经济体。故选A项。07【江苏省泰州中学2022-2023学年高三上学期期初调研考试】WeareoftenremindedofOscarWilde’ssayingthat“sarcasm(讽刺)isthelow

estformofwit”whileforgettingthefollowing“butthehighestformofintelligence”.Parentsorteachersofteenagers,inp

articular,mayfindithardtobelievethatitisactuallyasignofaflexibleandinventivemind.Yetthatisexactlywhatpsychologistsandneuroscientists

havebeenarguing.Theyhavefoundthatsarcasmrequiresthebraintojumpthroughnumeroushoops(圈)toarriveatacorrectinterpretation,requiringmorebrainp

owerthanliteralstatements.Ifyou’restillnotconvincedthatyourteen’sloveofsarcasmisathingworthcelebrating,considerarecentexperimentfromLiHuang,a

psychologistatInsead’sbusinessschoolinFontainebleau,France.Intheexperiment,participantswerepresentedwithacandle,apackofmatchesandaboxoftacks(图钉).T

heirtaskwastofindawaytoattachthecandletothewallsothatitcouldbumwithoutdrippingwaxonthefloor.Thecorrectansweristoemptytheboxof

tacks,pinittothewall,andthenplacethecandleinsideasolutionthatwillonlycometomindifyouarepreparedtothinkaboutthefunctionsofeachob

ject.Beforeworkingontheproblem,someparticipantswereaskedtorecallasarcasticinteraction,whileothersrememberedasincereorneutralexchange.Quiteamazingly,t

hesarcasticmemoriesmorethandoubledtheparticipants’successrate,fromaround30%tomorethan60%.Itmayinitiallyfe

ellikeashockwhenparentsnoticetheirchildrenusingsarcasm——asign,perhaps,ofamoreadult-likecynicism(愤世嫉俗)thatconflictswiththeirimpressionsoftheirchild

ren’syouthfulinnocence.Parentsmayfeelparticularlyhelplesswhendealingwithateenagerwhousesitinalmostallinteractions,asiftheystr

uggle.toexpressanysincereemotions.Butshouldweblameteensforapplyingthishandytool?Perhapsit’sbetterseenastheusefulpracticeofavitalability.Penny

Pexman,apsycholinguistattheUniversityofCalgaryagreesanditisforthisreasonthatshehasproducedSydneyGetsSarcastic,astorybookthatprovidesmultip

leexamplesofsarcasmandthereasonsitwasused.Inarecentexperimenton5-to6-year-olds,sheshowedthatchildrenwhoreadanddiscussedthestoryfounditeasi

ertodetectsarcasticstatementsinafollowingtest.8.WhydoestheauthorrefertoOscarWilde’swordsatthebeginningofthetext?A.Togiveadefinitionofsarcasm.B

.Tostressthesignificanceofsarcasm.C.Toexpresshisconcernaboutsarcasm.D.Toshowthemisunderstandingofsarcasm.9.Whatcanw

elearnaboutsarcasticmemoriesfromLiHuang’sexperiment?A.Theytendedtostaylongwithparticipants.B.Theyofferedcluestotheproblemto

besolved.C.Theycouldforceparticipantstofaceproblems.D.Theycontributedgreatlytoparticipant’ssuccess.1

0.Whatmightparentsthinkoftheirchildren’ssarcasm?A.Itshowstheirinnocence.B.Ithelpsthemexpressemotions.C.Iti

snotappropriatefortheirage.D.Itallowsthemtobehavelikeadults.11.What’stheauthor’spurposeinwritingthetext?A.Tourgeparentstolearnfromtheirchildren’ssa

rcasm.B.Toteachparentshowtorespondtotheirchildren’ssarcasm.C.Toshowparentsthepositivesideoftheirchildren’s

sarcasm.D.Toremindparentstoteachtheirchildrentousewordsproperly.【答案】8.B9.D10.C11.C【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了讽刺对灵活和创造性

思维的发展和影响，同时，讽刺在青少年中也是一种非常重要的能力。【8题详解】推理判断题。文章第一句提到“WeareoftenremindedofOscarWilde’ssayingthat“sarcas

m(讽刺)isthelowestformofwit”whileforgettingthefollowing“butthehighestformofintelligence”.（我们经常想起奥斯卡·王尔德的那句话:“讽刺是机智的最低形式”，而忘记了下面这句话“但却是智慧的最高形式”。）”且第二

段第二句提到“Theyhavefoundthatsarcasmrequiresthebraintojumpthroughnumeroushoops(圈)toarriveatacorrectinterpretation,requiringmorebrainpowertha

nliteralstatements.（他们发现，讽刺需要大脑跳过无数的障碍才能得到正确的解释，这比文字陈述需要更多的脑力。）”由这两句可知，作者通过王尔德的话陈述了讽刺需要花费更多的脑力，而且讽刺是智慧的最高表现形式，由此判断，作者通过王

尔德的话强调了讽刺的重要性。故选B。【9题详解】细节理解题。第五段最后一句提到“Quiteamazingly,thesarcasticmemoriesmorethandoubledtheparticipants’successrat

e,fromaround30%tomorethan60%.（令人惊讶的是，讽刺记忆使参与者的成功率翻了一倍多，从30%左右提高到60%以上。）”可知，通过该实验可以看出，通过回忆讽刺的经历，可以使得参与者的成功率提高到60%以上，故选D。【10题详解】细节理解题。倒数第二

段第一句提到“Itmayinitiallyfeellikeashockwhenparentsnoticetheirchildrenusingsarcasm——asign,perhaps,ofamoreadu

lt-likecynicism(愤世嫉俗)thatconflictswiththeirimpressionsoftheirchildren’syouthfulinnocence.（当父母注意到他们的孩子使用讽刺时，最初可能会感到震惊——这可能是一种更像成年人的玩

世不恭的迹象，这与他们对孩子年轻天真的印象相冲突。）”由此判断，家长认为孩子的讽刺与他们的实际年纪不相符，并不适合孩子的年纪。故选C。【11题详解】推理判断题。文章第一段最后一句提到“Parentsorteachersoftee

nagers,inparticular,mayfindithardtobelievethatitisactuallyasignofaflexibleandinventivemind.（特别是青少年的父母或老师，可能很难相信这实际上是灵活和创造性思维的标志。）”作者首先陈述了家长

和老师对于孩子会讽刺的态度，后文中通过介绍心理学家黄丽(LiHuang)的实验，证明讽刺对于人的创造力和脑力的刺激是有帮助的，且最后一段提到“Butshouldweblameteensforapplyingthishandytool?Perhapsit’s

betterseenastheusefulpracticeofavitalability.（但是我们应该责怪青少年使用这个方便的工具吗?也许它更应该被视为一种重要能力的有用实践。）”由此判断，讽刺对于青少年而言是由一定好处的。因此，作者写作目的应是展示青少年使用讽刺的积极作用。故选C

。07【江苏省泰州中学2022-2023学年高三上学期期初调研考试】Sincetheearlytomid-2010s,socialmediaappshavemadeapermanenthomeinmanypeople’

sphones,andspendingtimeonsocialmediahasbecomeasmuchofadailyactivityasdrinkingwater.Sincesomanypeopleareonitformuchoftheirdays—especiallykids,teens,an

dyoungadults—thereisincreasedconcernoverwhatsocialmediaisdoingtopeople.Manyarguethatsocialmediaisanunhealt

hywaytopassthetime,andthatfalseinformationfromonlineiscausingconfusionandpanic.Thistypeofthinghappenswitheverygeneratio

nwhensomethingnewthatpeopledon’tunderstandcomesalong.Somanypeoplethoughtrock-and-rollwasmakingteensmorallybad,whichreallywasn’tthecas

e.Itisfairtosaythattheteenageyearsarehard,andthatteensneedanescape.Backbeforephones,teenswouldlistentorockmusicasaformofescapi

sm,ortheywouldwatchTV,gotothemovies,skatearound,ordressupincrazyclothes.Unfortunately,allofthosethingsatonepointintime

wereblamedforbeingabadinfluenceonyoungpeople.Socialmediaisthenewtuck-and-roll:it’sanewthing,andpeopledemonize(妖魔化)change.Forexample,manybelieve

thateverythingonsocialmediaappsisfiltered(加滤镜)andthatseeingperfectpeopleandtheirperfectlyeditedlivesoftenle

adstolotsofnegativeemotions.However,models,magazinesandmovieshavebeenusingretouching(修整)toolsforphotosandmediasincePh

otoshopandotherpost-productionserviceswereinvented.Socialmediahasmadeiteasiertoseemoreeditedpictures,bu

tsocialmediaitselfisn’tmakingpeoplewanttolookacertainway.Peopleshouldacknowledgethatthesepicturesaren’tauthent

ic,andthepostsaremadetolookgoodonpurpose.Socialmediaishottoblameforbodyconfidenceissueswhenthethingspeoplewa

nttolooklikearen’tevenrealinthefirstplace.Itseemslikemostissuesaroundsocialmediaareusererrors,likeanyonecomplainingther

earetoomanypeoplebeingaddictedtosocialmedia.However,noteveryoneisaddictedtosocialmedia;peoplewhohaveanygrasponrealitywouldn’tspendeverywakings

econdonthephone.Itisreallyuptotheindividualhowtheyusesocialmedia.Keepingupwiththefloodofposts,stories,andphotostakesalotoftime—manyy

oungpeopleadmitthattheyspendhoursontheirphoneseveryday.Yet,thisseemslikeaneasyproblemtosolvewhenthesolution

issimplyclickingoffthephoneacouplehoursearly.Soitisclearthatmoderationisthekeytodealingwithalltheissuesaroundsocialmedia.12.Whydoe

stheauthormention“rock-and-roll”inParagraph2?A.Topredictthefutureofsocialmedia.B.Tounderlinetheadvantage

sofsocialmedia.C.Toanalyzewhysocialmediaissopopulartoday.D.Toexplainwhysocialmediaisregardedasnegative.13.Whatdoestheauthorthin

kofpostingeditedphotosonsocialmediaapps?A.Disturbing.B.Understandable.C.Intolerable.D.Innovative.14.Whatdoesthetextsugge

stpeopledoaboutsocialmedia?A.Makethebestuseofit.B.Completelystayawayfromit.C.Prohibityoungpeoplefromusingit.D.Spendreasonableamountsoftim

eonit.15.Whichofthefollowingisasuitabletitleforthetext?A.Whatmakesussoaddictedtosocialmedia?B.Whyissocialmediasopopularamongteen

agers?C.Shouldwedependonsocialmediaforinformation?D.Isitrighttoblamesocialmediaforalltheproblems?【答案】12.D13.B14.D15.D【解析】【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章论述了人们对

社交媒体对人们产生影响的担心及个人看法。【12题详解】推理判断题。根据第二段中的“Thistypeofthinghappenswitheverygenerationwhensomethingnewthatpeopledon’tunderstandcomesalong.S

omanypeoplethoughtrock-and-rollwasmakingteensmorallybad,whichreallywasn’tthecase.(当人们不理解的新事物出现时，每一代人都会发生这种事情。很多人认为摇滚乐让青少年道

德败坏，事实并非如此)”及“Backbeforephones,teenswouldlistentorockmusicasaformofescapism,ortheywouldwatchTV,gotothemovi

es,skatearound,ordressupincrazyclothes.Unfortunately,allofthosethingsatonepointintimewereblamedforbeingabadinflue

nceonyoungpeople.Socialmediaisthenewrock-and-roll:it’sanewthing,andpeopledemonize(妖魔化)change.(在手机出现之前，青少年会听摇滚乐作为一种逃避现实的方式，或者他们会

看电视，去看电影，滑冰，或者穿疯狂的衣服。不幸的是，所有这些事情一度被认为对年轻人有不良影响。社交媒体是一种新摇滚：它是一种新事物，人们将变化妖魔化)”可推知，作者认为如同曾经摇滚乐被认为是不好的事物一样，人们认为社交媒体是一种新的摇滚，人

们将其妖魔化，因此推断作者在第二段中提到“摇滚乐”是为了解释为什么社交媒体被认为是负面的原因。故选D。【13题详解】推理判断题。根据第三段中的“However,models,magazinesandmovieshavebeenusingretouching(修整)toolsforp

hotosandmediasincePhotoshopandotherpost-productionserviceswereinvented.Socialmediahasmadeiteasiertoseemoreeditedpictures,butsocialmediaitselfisn’tm

akingpeoplewanttolookacertainway.Peopleshouldacknowledgethatthesepicturesaren’tauthentic,andthepostsaremadetolookgoodonpurpose.(然而，自从Photoshop

和其他后期制作服务被发明以来，模特、杂志和电影一直在使用照片和媒体的修饰工具。社交媒体让人们更容易看到经过编辑的图片，但社交媒体本身并没有让人们想要以特定的方式看待（问题）。人们应该承认这些照片是不真实的，这些帖子是故意做得好看的)”可推知，作者认为在社交媒体应用

程序上发布编辑过的照片是可以理解的。故选B。【14题详解】细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“Yet,thisseemslikeaneasyproblemtosolvewhenthesolutionissimplycli

ckingoffthephoneacouplehoursearly.Soitisclearthatmoderationisthekeytodealingwithalltheissuesaroundsocialmedia.(然而，这似乎是一个很

容易解决的问题，因为解决方案只是提前几个小时关掉手机。因此，很明显，适度是处理所有社交媒体问题的关键)”可知，这篇文章建议人们在社交媒体上花合理的时间。故选D。【15题详解】主旨大意题。根据第二段中的“Manyarguet

hatsocialmediaisanunhealthywaytopassthetime,andthatfalseinformationfromonlineiscausingconfusionandpanic.Thistypeofthinghappensw

itheverygenerationwhensomethingnewthatpeopledon’tunderstandcomesalong.(许多人认为，社交媒体是一种不健康的消磨时间的方式，来自网络的虚假信息正在造成混乱和恐慌。当人们不理解的新事物

出现时，每一代人都会发生这种事情。)”及最后一段中的“Itseemslikemostissuesaroundsocialmediaareusererrors,likeanyonecomplainingtherear

etoomanypeoplebeingaddictedtosocialmedia.(似乎社交媒体的大多数问题都是用户的错误，比如有人抱怨有太多的人沉迷于社交媒体)”和“Yet,thisseemslikeaneasyproblemtosolvewhe

nthesolutionissimplyclickingoffthephoneacouplehoursearly.Soitisclearthatmoderationisthekeytodealingwithalltheissuesaroundsocialmedia.(然

而，这似乎是一个很容易解决的问题，因为解决方案只是提前几个小时关掉手机。因此，很明显，适度是处理所有社交媒体问题的关键)”可知，文章对社交媒体带来的影响进行了陈述，并分析了造成这种现象的原因，作者认为解决社交媒体带来的问题的关键在于使用者应该学会适度使用。由此可知，Isi

trighttoblamesocialmediaforalltheproblems?(把所有的问题都归咎于社交媒体对吗？)适合作本文最佳标题。故选D。08【河北省邯郸市2022-2023学年高三上学期摸底考试】Toeffectivelyinteractwithhumansi

ncrowdedsocialsettings,suchasmalls,hospitals,andotherpublicspaces,robotsshouldbeabletoactivelyparticipateinbothgro

upandone-to-oneinteractions.Mostexistingrobots,however,havebeenfoundtoperformmuchbetterwhencommunicatingwithindividualusersthanwithgroup

sofconversinghumans.HoomanHedayatiandDanielSzafir,tworesearchersatUniversityofNorthCarolinaatChapelHill,haverecently

developedanewdata-driventechniquethatcouldimprovehowrobotscommunicatewithgroupsofhumans.Oneofthereasonswhyma

nyrobotsoccasionallymisbehavewhileparticipatinginagroupconversationisthattheiractionsheavilyrelyondatacollected

bytheirsensors.Sensors,however,areprone(易于遭受)toerrors,andcansometimesbedisturbedbysuddenmovementsandobstaclesintherobot’ssurro

undings.“Iftherobot’scameraismaskedbyanobstacleforasecond,therobotmightnotseethatperson,andasaresult,itignorestheuser,”Hedayatiexplained.“Base

donmyexperience,usersfindthesemisbehaviorsdisturbing.Thekeygoalofourrecentprojectwastohelprobotsdetectandpredictthepositionofanundetectedpersonwith

intheconversationalgroup.”ThetechniquedevelopedbyHedayatiandSzafirwastrainedonaseriesofexistingdatasets.Byanalyzingthepositionsofotherspeakersinag

roup,itcanaccuratelypredictthepositionofanundetecteduser.Inthefuture,thenewapproachcouldhelptoenhancetheconversationalabiliti

esofbothexistingandnewlydevelopedrobots.Thismightinturnmakethemeasiertoserveinlargepublicspaces,including

malls,hospitals,andotherpublicplaces.“Thenextstepforuswillbetoimprovethegazebehaviorofrobotsinaconversationalgroup

.Peoplefindrobotswithabettergazebehaviormoreintelligent.Wewanttoimprovethegazebehaviorofrobotsandmakethehuman-robotconver

sationalgroupmoreenjoyableforhumans.”Hedayatisaid.8.WhatisthetechniquedevelopedbyHedayatiandSzafirbasedon?A.Data.B.Cam

eras.C.Existingrobots.D.Socialsettings.9.WhatismainlytalkedaboutinParagraph2?A.Theworkingprocedureofrobots.B.Theabilityofrobotstocommunicate.C.Theex

perienceoftheresearchers.D.Theshortcomingsofexistingrobots.10.Whatwillhappenifarobot’scameraisblocked?A.Itwillstopworking.B.Itwillbrea

kdown.C.Itwillabuseitsuser.D.Itwillmisbehave.11.Whatdoweknowaboutthenewdata-driventechnique?A.Itisconsideredafailure.B.I

thasbeenusedinmalls.C.Itgetssatisfactoryresult.D.Itonlyworkswithnewrobots.【答案】8.A9.D10.D11.C【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍研究

人员正在开发一种新技术，可以使机器人在同时与很多人交流时能应付自如。【8题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段中“HoomanHedayatiandDanielSzafir,tworesearchersatUniv

ersityofNorthCarolinaatChapelHill,haverecentlydevelopedanewdata-driventechniquethatcouldimprovehowrobotscommunicatewithgroupsofhumans.(北卡

罗来纳大学教堂山分校的两名研究人员胡曼·海达亚蒂和丹尼尔·扎菲尔最近开发了一种新的数据驱动技术，可以改善机器人与人类群体的交流方式)”可知，这项新技术是基于数据的。故选A项。【9题详解】主旨大意题。根据第二段“Oneofthereasonswhymanyrobotsoccasionally

misbehavewhileparticipatinginagroupconversationisthattheiractionsheavilyrelyondatacollectedbytheirsensors.Senso

rs,however,areprone(易于遭受)toerrors,andcansometimesbedisturbedbysuddenmovementsandobstaclesintherobot’ssurroundi

ngs.(许多机器人在参与群体对话时偶尔会做出错误行为的原因之一是，它们的行为严重依赖于传感器收集的数据。但是传感器容易出错，有时会被机器人周围的突然运动和障碍物干扰)”可知，第二段主要介绍了现有机器人的缺点，容易出错。故选D项。【10题

详解】细节理解题。根据第三段中“Iftherobot’scameraismaskedbyanobstacleforasecond,therobotmightnotseethatperson,andasaresult,itignorestheuser

,(如果机器人的摄像头被障碍物遮挡了一秒钟，机器人可能就看不到那个人，结果就会忽略用户)”和“Basedonmyexperience,usersfindthesemisbehaviorsdisturbing.(根据我的经

验，用户觉得这些不当行为令人不安)”可知，当机器人的摄像头被阻挡后，它们会做出不当的行为。故选D项。【11题详解】推理判断题。根据第四段中“ThetechniquedevelopedbyHedayatiandSzafirwastrainedonaseriesofex

istingdatasets.Byanalyzingthepositionsofotherspeakersinagroup,itcanaccuratelypredictthepositionofanundetecteduser.(Heda

yati和Szafir开发的这项技术是在一系列现有的数据集上训练。通过分析一组中其他讲话者的位置，可以准确预测未被发现用户的位置)”可推知，这项技术已经得到了令人满意的结果。故选C项。08【河北省邯郸市2022-2023学年高三上学

期摸底考试】Newhigh-techshoesandinsoles(鞋垫)havebeendevelopedthatcanhelpelderly,sickanddisabledpeoplewalkwithoutfea

roffallingover.UnveiledattheWearableTechnologyShowinLondononTuesday,thePathFeelinsolesandPathFindershoesfromU.K.star

tupWalkWithPathprovidetactile(触觉的)andvisualfeedbacktoassistwalking.“Ifyouwalkandyoudon’thaveagoodfeelingoftheground,you’veg

ottobeverycareful,youkeepcheckingeverystep,youneedtolookatthegroundandseehowyouputyourlegontheground,”IddoWald,adesignengineerat

WalkWithPath,tellsNewsweek.“Pathgivestheconfidenceneededtowalkwithoutfalling.”“Wehadapatientwhosuffersfromaspinalcordinjuryan

dactuallyhadnofeelingofthegroundatallbuthecouldfeelthevibration.It’sreallyexciting.”PressuresensorsinthePathFeelins

olesprovidetactilefeedbackthatshakesthewearer’sfeetandinformsthemwhenitistouchingtheground.ThePathFindershoesaredesignedspecificallyforPark

inson’spatientswhocan’twalksmoothly.Lasersprojectedoutoftheshoesinagreenlineaimtoprovidevisualcluestohelpthesuffererfocusonputtingonefootinfrontofth

eother.AccordingtotheNationalParkinsonFoundation,38percentofpeoplewithParkinson’ssufferfromfallseachyear,whileAgeUKestimatesone-in

-tenpeopleovertheageof65fallover.Thehopeisthatboththeinsolesandtheshoescanhelpbringthosenumbersdown.Bothproductsarecurrentlyinthetestingstage,withs

everalLondonuniversitiesconductingtrials.Earlytestshaveseensomeusersimprovedtheirwalkingbyover50percent.12.HowdothePathFeelinsoleswork?A.Bysh

akingthewearer’sfeet.B.Bygivingthewearersoundclues.C.Byrecordingthewearer’sdata.D.Bycountingthewearer’ssteps.13.Whatis

theprobablemeaningoftheunderlinedword“vibration”inParagraph4?A.Pain.B.Shake.C.Kick.D.Warmth.14.Whatdoweknowabou

tthesmartshoes?A.Theyarepopularamongtheelderly.B.Theyarebeingfurthertested.C.Theywillreplacenormalshoes.D.Theycanmonitort

hewearer’shealth.15.Whatcanbethebesttitleofthistext?A.SmartShoesHaveHugeMarketProspectsB.SmartShoesHelpTreatParkinson’sDiseaseC.SmartSh

oesMakeWalkingMoreComfortableD.SmartShoesHelptheElderly,SickandDisabledWalk【答案】12.A13.B14.B15.D【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文，介绍了有利

于老年人、病人和残疾人的智能鞋和鞋垫。【12题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段中“providetactile(触觉的)andvisualfeedback”（提供触觉和视觉反馈）和第四段中“PressuresensorsinthePathFeelinsolesprov

idetactilefeedbackthatshakesthewearer’sfeetandinformsthemwhenitistouchingtheground.”（当鞋垫接触到地面时，在路径感觉鞋垫上的压力传感器便提供触觉反馈，震

动佩戴者的脚，并通知脚。）可知，这款智能鞋垫通过振动脚让穿鞋人感知到地面。故选A。【13题详解】词义猜测题。由第二段中“providetactileandvisualfeedback”（提供触觉和视觉反馈

）可知，这款鞋垫可以给穿者提供触觉上的反馈。本句“Wehadapatientwhosuffersfromaspinalcordinjuryandactuallyhadnofeelingofthegroundatallbut(我

们有一个病人脊髓损伤，实际上根本没有地面的感觉,但是)”举例说明穿者感觉到了这种触觉反馈，再根据画线词后的“providetactilefeedbackthatshakesthewearer’sfeet”（提供触觉反馈，震动佩戴者的脚）可知，这种触觉感受就是振动(shake

)。故选B。【14题详解】细节理解题。根据最后一段中“Bothproductsarecurrentlyinthetestingstage”（两款产品目前都在测试中）可知，这两款产品正在测试阶段。故选B。【15题详解】主旨大意题。根据本文第一

段“Newhigh-techshoesandinsoles(鞋垫)havebeendevelopedthatcanhelpelderly,sickanddisabledpeoplewalkwithout

fearoffallingover.”（新的高科技鞋和鞋垫已经开发出来，可以帮助老年人、病人和残疾人行走而不用担心摔倒。）以及下文内容可知本文主要介绍了有利于老年人、病人和残疾人的智能鞋和鞋垫，它们可以让老人、病人和残疾人感知到地面

，从而减少摔跟头。因此推断D项“智能鞋可以帮助老年人、病人和残疾人行走”为最佳标题。故选D。09【江苏省南京市2022-2023学年高三上学期期初考试】Plasticfishingnets,theso-calledg

hostnets,abandonedyearlyinthesea—about1milliontons—aremorethanjustrubbish;they’reakiller.Fish,seabirds,andturtlesgetcaughtinthenett

inganddie,withmorespeciesatrisk.Muchshockedatthis,PranveerSinghRathore,amaterials-scienceengineerandmater

ialsR&DmanageratSamsung,andhisteamsetthemselvesthetaskofgivingnewlifetothedeadlynets.Lastmonth,Samsungrevea

ledanewlineofGalaxyproductsmadeinpartfromrecycledplasticfishingnetsforthefirsttime.Thecompanyestimatesthisyearaloneitcanrecycleover50tonsofo

cean-boundplasticintothekeycomponentsthatwillgointoitssmartphones,tablets,andcomputers,thustakingabiteoutofthegloba

lghostnetsproblem.It’snosmalltasktogivewastefishingnetsasecondact.Thenetsaretypicallymadeofasubstancecallednylonwhichtendstodr

amaticallydegrade(降解)thelongeritsitsintheoceanandisexposedtothesun.“Thismakesitnearlyimpossibletouseabandonedfishingn

etsdirectly,”Rathoreexplains.Besides,high-performancesmartphone,tablet,orPChastobewaterproofandcansurvi

vesevereweather.Thenyloninthefishingnetsfallsfarshortofthatlevelofdurability(耐用).Todealwiththatproblem,Samsunglastsummerteamedupwithtwopa

rtners:onetocollectandtransformthenetsintotinynylonpellets(颗粒)whiletheothertostrengthentheirtoughnessanddurability.Theendresult:Thepar

tnershituponaneco-friendlyandhigh-performanceplasticmaterialthat’sbeingusedtobuildthecomponentpartsforitslatestlineofproducts.Forexample,tw

opartsoftheGalaxyS22mobilephone—thekeybracketandtheinnercover—aremadeofthesefishing-netplasticmaterials.Samsungaimst

ouseevenmoreupcycledmaterialsinfutureproductlines.“That’sthehopefortheglobeandourmission,”Rathoresmiles.8.Whatdoestheunderline

dword“this”inparagraph2referto?A.Rubbishinthesea.B.Recyclingthedeadlynets.C.Oceanspecies’extinction.D.Ghostnets’threattosealife.9.Whatispara

graph3mainlyabout?A.Thelowlevelofdurabilityofnylon.B.Thesecondactofwastefishingnets.C.Thegreatdifficultyinreusingg

hostnets.D.ThepositivecommentonSamsung’sproducts.10.WhatisspecialaboutSamsung’snewGalaxyproducts?A.Theyaremadefromtinyny

lonpellets.B.Theyputanendtotheproblemoffishingnets.C.Theycanstanduptowaterandsevereweather.D.Theycontainmaterialsrecycledfromghostnets.1

1.WhatcanwelearnaboutRathore’swork?A.Itmakesplasticeasiertobreakdown.B.ItmarkstheshiftofSamsung’smission.C.Itprotectstheplanetfromchokingon

plastic.D.Itraisespublicawarenessofoceanexploration.【答案】8.D9.C10.D11.C【解析】【导语】这是一篇新闻报道。文章介绍了三星公司Rathore和他的团队致力于将废弃的渔网回收再利用，并成功将其用于制作三星Gal

axy系列手机，在这个突破之后，三星的目标是在未来的产品线中使用更多的升级循环材料。【8题详解】词句猜测题。根据文章第一段的ghostnets（幽灵网）以及“they’reakiller.Fish,seabirds,andturtlesgetcaughtinthen

ettinganddie,withmorespeciesatrisk.（它们是杀手。鱼类，海鸟和海龟会被渔网捕获然后死亡，更多的物种面临灭绝的危险。）”可知海洋生物被渔网捕获后死亡，更多的物种面临灭绝的危险；第二段第一句“Muchshockedatthis,PranveerSi

nghRathore,amaterials-scienceengineerandmaterialsR&DmanageratSamsung,andhisteamsetthemselvesthetaskofgivingnewlifetothedeadl

ynets.（因对此感到非常震惊，三星的材料科学工程师和材料研发经理PranveerSinghRathore和他的团队为自己设定了为这个致命的网赋予新生命的任务。）”可知PranveerSinghRathore和

他的团队想要赋予这个致命的网新生命，因为他们对此感到震惊，即对这个致命的网所带来的危害感到震惊才会想办法去解决这个问题，故推知划线单词this的意思是指上文提到的这个幽灵网给海洋生物所造成的威胁，故选D项。【9题详解】主旨大意题。根据文章第三段“It’snosmalltasktogiv

ewastefishingnetsasecondact.Thenetsaretypicallymadeofasubstancecallednylonwhichtendstodramaticallydegrade(降解)thelongeritsitsintheo

ceanandisexposedtothesun.“Thismakesitnearlyimpossibletouseabandonedfishingnetsdirectly,”Rathoreexplains.Besides,high-performancesmartphone,tablet,

orPChastobewaterproofandcansurvivesevereweather.Thenyloninthefishingnetsfallsfarshortofthatlevelofdurability(耐用).

（让废旧渔网重获新生并不是一个小任务。这个网通常由一种称为尼龙的物质制成，这种物质在海洋中放置的时间越长，暴露在阳光下的时间越长，就会急剧降解。“这使得几乎不可能直接使用废弃的渔网，”Rathore解释说。此外，高性能智能手机、平板电脑或PC

必须防水，并且能够承受恶劣的天气。渔网中的尼龙远远达不到那种耐用性的水平。）”可知本段内容主要讲述渔网主要成分是尼龙，在海洋中和阳光下时间越长越容易分解，不符合制作手机、电脑等所需材料的耐用性，所以几乎不能直接回收利用废弃的渔网

，如果是几乎不能直接使用的东西又必须利用起来的话，那这之间必然存在着巨大困难；综上所述，故本段主要讲述重复使用幽灵网的难度很大，故选C项。【10题详解】细节理解题。根据文章第二段“Lastmonth,SamsungrevealedanewlineofGalaxypro

ductsmadeinpartfromrecycledplasticfishingnetsforthefirsttime.（上个月，三星首次展示了由部分回收塑料渔网制成的Galaxy系列新产品。）”可知，

Galaxy系列新产品的特别之处在于其含有从幽灵网中回收的材料，故选D项。【11题详解】推理判断题。根据文章倒数第二段“Todealwiththatproblem,Samsunglastsummerteamedupwith

twopartners:onetocollectandtransformthenetsintotinynylonpellets(颗粒)whiletheothertostrengthentheirtoughnessanddurability.Theendresult:Th

epartnershituponaneco-friendlyandhigh-performanceplasticmaterialthat’sbeingusedtobuildthecomponentpartsforitslatestlineofproduct

s.Forexample,twopartsoftheGalaxyS22mobilephone—thekeybracketandtheinnercover—aremadeofthesefishing-netplasticmaterials.

Samsungaimstouseevenmoreupcycledmaterialsinfutureproductlines.（为了解决这个问题，三星去年夏天与两个合作伙伴进行了合作：一个合作伙伴负责收集和改造这些渔网，将其制成微小的尼龙颗粒，另一个负责增强渔网的韧性和耐久

性。最终的结果是：合作伙伴偶然发现了一种环保的高性能塑料材料，这种材料正被用来制造其最新产品系列的零部件。例如，GalaxyS22手机的两个部分——钥匙支架和内盖——就是用这些渔网塑料制成的。三星的目标是在未来的产品线中使用更多的升级循环材料。）”可知Rathore的团队与

合作伙伴在对渔网进行处理以至于其被重复利用的时候，合作伙伴偶然发现了一种环保的高性能塑料材料，并用于制作三星最新产品系列的零部件，从而实现了对渔网的重复使用，而三星的目标是在未来的产品线中使用更多的升级循环材料，这

必然会大量回收和利用废弃渔网，从而减少地球上的废弃渔网数量，故推知Rathore的工作可以保护地球不被塑料堵塞，故选C项。09【江苏省南京市2022-2023学年高三上学期期初考试】Tofigureoutifwecandieofboredom,wefirsth

avetounderstandwhatboredomis.Forhelp,IcalledJamesDanckert,apsychologistwhostudiesboredomattheUniversi

tyofWaterlooinCanada.“Alotofpeoplethinkaboutbeingboredasbeinglazy.Andit’sabsolutelynotthat,”hesays.“Boredpeoplewanttobee

ngagedwiththeirworld,eagertodosomethingsatisfyingandexciting.Butanyattempttodosoisfailing.”Thatmeansboredomisusuallyveryupsetting.And

itcanhavephysicalconsequences.Inoneofhisexperiments,Danckertmadepeopleextremelyboredbyshowingthemavideooftwopeoplehangingclothestodry.Hefoundtha

twhenpeoplegotbored,theirheartsbeatfasterandtheirlevelsofahormonecalledcortisol(皮质醇)wentup,comparedtowhentheywatchedanothe

rvideothatmadethemsad.Thesephysicalchangesweresignsthatboredomwasstressingthemout.“It’snotlikehavingafull-onpanicattack,”D

anckertsays.Butit’scertainlyenoughtomakeboredomunpleasant.Let’scomebacktoifboredomcankillyou.Backinthe1980s,scientistsaskedpeoplewhoworkedforthe

Britishgovernmentawholebunchofquestions,includinghowboredtheyfeltintheirdailylives.Thestudytrackedth

eparticipantsovertime.Whenanyoneofthemdied,thesurveyrecordedthecauseofdeath.In2010,tworesearchersmatchedupthesecausesofdeathwi

ththeparticipants’levelofboredom.Itturnedoutthatpeoplewhosaidtheyweremoreboredwerealsomorelikelytohavediedofheartdisease.“Weknowthatprolonged

exposuretostressisbadforyourhealth,”Danckertsays.Asingleboringdaycan’tkillyou.Butifyou’realwaysbored

,thestresscouldaddupintosomethingdangerous.“Ohno,”youmightbethinking.“Schoolisboring,myfriendsareboring,e

verythingisboring!What’sgoingtohappentome?”Don’tworry,Danckertsays:“Asyougetolder,yougetlessbored,”mainlybecauseyougainmoreindependenceandhave

togetbusytoachieveyourlong-termgoals.Andtrustme:that’sanythingbutboring.12.AccordingtoJamesDanckert,peop

lefeelboredbecause________.A.theyaretoolazytodoanythingB.theycan’tgainexcitementinlifeC.theyaretoofrightenedtohave

atryD.theycan’tfullyunderstandboredom13.Whatcanwelearnfromparagraph2?A.Doinghouseworkwillmakepeoplebored.B.People’s

heartrateincreaseswithboredom.C.Physicalchangescanleadtoextremeboredom.D.Watchingsomethingsadisaboringexperience.14.Whatdoesthe

underlinedword“prolonged”inparagraph3mean?A.Continued.B.Repeated.C.Sudden.D.Active.15.WhatdoesDanckertrecommendtosavepeoplefromboredom?A.Dependin

gonfriends.B.Settinglong-termgoals.C.Keepingyourselfoccupied.D.Trustingpeoplearoundyou.【答案】12.B13.B14.A15.C【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。解释了无聊并不等同于懒惰，而是生活中没有

令人兴奋的事情。而且无聊会让人心跳加快，皮质醇激素上升，让人有压力，进而导致健康问题。建议人们忙起来去摆脱无聊。【12题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段““Alotofpeoplethinkaboutbeingboredasbeinglazy.Andit’sabsolutelynotth

at,”hesays.“Boredpeoplewanttobeengagedwiththeirworld,eagertodosomethingsatisfyingandexciting.Butanyattempttodosoisf

ailing.””(“许多人把无聊认作为懒惰。绝对不是那样，”他说。“感到无聊的人想要参与到他们的世界中，渴望做一些令人满意和令人兴奋的事情。但是任何这样做的尝试都是失败的。”)可知，JamesDanckert认为人们感到无聊是因为在生活中没有令人兴奋

的事。故选B。【13题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段“Hefoundthatwhenpeoplegotbored,theirheartsbeatfasterandtheirlevelsofahormonecalledcortisol(皮质醇)w

entup,comparedtowhentheywatchedanothervideothatmadethemsad.”(他发现与看另一个让他们难过的视频相比，人们感到无聊的时候，他们的心跳更快，并且一种叫做皮

质醇的激素水平上升。)可知，人们的心率会随着无聊感增加。故选B。【14题详解】词义猜测题。根据第三段“Asingleboringdaycan’tkillyou.Butifyou’realwaysbored,thestresscouldaddupintosomethingdangerous

.”(无聊的一天不会杀害你。但是如果你总是感到无聊，压力会累加成危险的东西。)可知，持续累加的压力会让人处于危险中。这句话是对前句的解释，所以前句中“prolongedexposuretostress”应表示持续暴露在压力下，即pro

longed为持续的意思。A.Continued持续的；B.Repeated重复的；C.Sudden突然的；D.Active积极的。故选A。【15题详解】细节理解题。根据最后一段“Don’tworry,Danckertsays:“

Asyougetolder,yougetlessbored,”mainlybecauseyougainmoreindependenceandhavetogetbusytoachieveyourlong-termgoals.”(别担心，Danckert说：“随着你年纪增长，你会变

得不那么无聊，”主要因为你会更独立并且不得不忙于实现你的长期目标。)可知，忙起来就不会感到那么无聊。所以，Danckert建议人们要忙起来去摆脱无聊。故选C。10【湖南省部分校教育联盟2022-2023学年高三上学期入学摸底测】Jeweler,makinganameforher

selfinEurope,findsheruniquecraftsmanshipisattractingagrowingaudience,ChinaDailyreports.OnMarch15,theacademicc

ommitteeofTheMuseumofDecorativeArtsinParishelditsannualroundtableconferencetoexpanditscollection.Itwasrare,but12expertsallagreedon

welcomingFeuilledeGinkgo,thecreationofFengJi,intothemuseumaspartofthepermanentcollection.TheartworkhasbeenshowntothepublicsincethemiddleofApril.Thi

sisthefirsttimethatajewelryartistfromtheChinesemainlandhasbeenrecognizedbyanationalmuseuminEurope,andattheageof36,Fenghasbecomet

heyoungestjewelryartistwhoseworkwasincludedinthepermanentcollectionofthiscenturies-oldartpalace.TheinspirationofFeuilledeGinkgoc

omesfromajourneytoJardindeGiverny,thebotanicalgardenthatinspiredClaudeMonet.“Iwassoenchantedbythespeciesofallexoticplantsandth

elayoutofthegarden.EventhedreamIhadtheregavemelotsofideas,”saysFeng.EvelynePosseme,executivedirectorofthemuseum,praised:“Thetalentoftheyoung

artistimpressedmesomuchthatwecouldn’tmissthisFeuilledeGinkgo.Comparingtothecenturies-oldartworksthatarepreviouslycollectedbythemuseum,Feng’suniqu

eartisticstylesymbolizesthefutureofjewelry.”Inherjewelry,createdwithbotanicalelementssuchasginkgoleaves,taroliliesanddahlias,pe

oplecanseeheradaptationoftheclassicnaturalisticstyle,astylethatoriginatedintheearly19thcenturywhenjewelerswereinfluencedbythedevelopmentofarchaeology

,botanyandtheRomanticpoetstoincorporatedecorativepatternsofplantsandfruitsintotheirjewelry.AsthefirstjewelryartistfromtheCh

inesemainlandwhogotinvited,sheisreadytoshowhercreationatParisAntiquesBiennaleinthecomingNovember.Preparetheworldtobeshocked

.28.Whatcanbeinferredfromthepassage?A.ItwasthefirsttimeforthatMuseumtoholdtheroundtableconference.B.Alltheexpertsdonotagreeonw

hethertoacceptthecreationofFeng.C.Feng’smasterpiecebecameacollectionofthatMuseuminherthirties.D.Thear

tworkcreatedbyFenghasbeenondisplaysinceMarch15th.29.Whichofthefollowingcanbestreplacetheunderlinedword“enchanted”?A.puzzledB.fascinat

edC.shockedD.discouraged30.WhatisthepurposeofmentioningEvelynePosseme?A.Topresentthetalentofyoungartist

s.B.Tocomparewiththeold-fashionedartwork.C.Topredictthefutureofthejewelrydesign.D.Tostressthesignifican

ceofFeng’screation.31.Whatismostlikelytobediscussedafterthelastparagraph?A.Hernewestartworkforthecomingexhibition.B.Jewelryartistsf

romthemainlandofChina.C.InvitedguestsfortheParisAntiquesBiennale.D.Feng’sstrongdesiretotouraroundtheworld.【答案】28.C29.B30.D31.A【解析】【导语】

本文是一篇新闻报道，主要讲的是2022年3月15日巴黎装饰艺术博物馆举办了年度圆桌会议，决定将36岁的中国大陆珠宝艺术家FengJ的作品“FeuilledeGinkgo”纳入卢浮宫永久馆藏。【28题详解】推理判断题。根据第三段“attheageof36,

Fenghasbecometheyoungestjewelryartistwhoseworkwasincludedinthepermanentcollectionofthiscenturies-oldartpalace(36岁的冯已经成为这个拥有

数百年历史的艺术殿堂永久收藏的最年轻的珠宝艺术家)”可知，冯三十多岁的时候，他的作品就被博物馆收藏起来了。故选C。【29题详解】词句猜测题。根据第四段的“TheinspirationofFeuilledeGinkgocomesfromajourneytoJardindeGiverny,thebo

tanicalgardenthatinspiredClaudeMonet.(FeuilledeGinkgo的灵感来自于一次去Giverny花园的旅行，这个植物园给了克劳德·莫奈灵感。)”可知Feng的创作灵感来自于曾给予莫奈灵感的植物园，所以她为各色奇异的植物和花园的布局而

深深着迷，划线词enchanted的意思是“着迷，入迷”，即fascinated，故选B。【30题详解】推理判断题。从第五段“Thetalentoftheyoungartistimpressedmesomuchthatwecouldn’tmissthisFeu

illedeGinkgo.Comparingtothecenturies-oldartworksthatarepreviouslycollectedbythemuseum,Feng’suniquearti

sticstylesymbolizesthefutureofjewelry.(这位年轻艺术家的才华给我留下了深刻的印象，我们不能错过这个银杏节。与之前被博物馆收藏的数百年前的艺术品相比，冯的独特艺术风格象征着珠宝的未来。)”可知，提到伊芙琳·波塞梅的目的是强调

冯创作的意义。故选D。【31题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段“AsthefirstjewelryartistfromtheChinesemainlandwhogotinvited,sheisreadytoshowhercreationatParisAntiquesBiennale

inthecomingNovember.Preparetheworldtobeshocked.(作为第一个受邀的中国大陆珠宝艺术家，她已经准备好在即将到来的11月的巴黎古董双年展上展示她的作品。准备好震惊世界吧。)”可知，在最后一段之后最有可能被讨论的是她为即将到来的展

览准备的最新艺术作品。故选A。10【湖南省部分校教育联盟2022-2023学年高三上学期入学摸底测】Despitethefactthatpeoplecan’tremembermuchbeforetheageof2or3,researchsuggeststhatinf

ants(婴儿)canformmemories—justnotthekindsofmemoriesyoutellaboutyourself.Infact,therearelotsofdifferentkindsofmemoriesbesidesthosethatareautobiographica

l.Therearesemanticmemories,ormemoriesoffacts,likethenamesfordifferentvarietiesofapples,orthecapitalofyourhomestate.Therearealsoproceduralmemories,orm

emoriesforhowtoperformanaction,likeopeningyourfrontdoorordrivingacar.But,ifinfantscanformmemoriesintheirfirstfewmonths,whydon’

tpeoplerememberthingsfromthatearlieststageoflife?Itstillisn’tclearwhetherpeopleexperienceinfantilelo

ssofmemorybecausewecan’tformautobiographicalmemories,orwhetherwejusthavenowaytoretakethem.Nooneknowsforsurewhat’sgoingon,butscie

ntistshaveafewguesses.Oneisthatautobiographicalmemoriesrequireyoutohavesomesenseofself.Youneedtobeabletothinkaboutyourbehaviorwithrespecttohowitrel

atestoothers.Researchershavetestedthisabilityinthepastusingamirrorrecognitiontaskcalledtherouge(胭脂)test.Itinvolvesmarkinga

baby’snosewithaspotofredlipstickorblush—or“rouge”astheysaidinthe1970swhenthetaskwascreated.Thenresearchersplacetheinfantinfrontofami

rror.Infantsyoungerthan18monthsjustsmileatthecutebabyinthereflection,notshowinganyevidencethattheyrecognizethemselvesortheredmarkontheirface.Between

18and24months,toddlerstouchtheirownnose,evenlookingembarrassed,suggestingthattheyconnectthereddotinthemirrorwiththeirownface—theyhavesomesenseo

fself.Anotherpossibleexplanationisthatbecauseinfantsdon’thavelanguageuntillaterinthesecondyearoflife,theycan’tform

narrativesabouttheirownlivesthattheycanlaterrecall.Finally,thehippocampus,whichistheregionofthebrainthat’slargelyresponsib

leformemory,isn’tfullydevelopedintheinfancyperiod.32.Whatcouldbethesuitabletitleforthepassage?A.Whethercaninfantsfo

rmmemories?B.Howcanpeoplerecalltheirstageof2or3?C.Whycouldn’tinfantskeeptheirearlymemories?D.Whichpartofbrainisresponsibleformemorizing?33.Why

wastherougetestcarriedout?A.Totellthedifferencebetweenbabiesofcertainages.B.Toexaminebabies’abilityto

recognizethemselves.C.Toexperimentbabies’actionofusingtherouge.D.Toidentifytheinteractionbetweenbabiesandtheirrefl

ections.34.Whichofthefollowingwouldscientistsprobablydisagreewith?A.Babiescanformautobiographicalmemoriesattheageof2or3.B.Thehippocampushasn’tbe

enwell-developedintheinfancyperiod.C.Oneofthecausesofinfantilelossofmemoryislackofselfrecognition.D.Babiesbefore2can’trecalltheearlym

emorybyusinglanguagesmoothly.35.Whichsectionofamagazineisthispassageprobablytakenfrom?A.Health.B.Entertainment.C.Lifestyle.D.Science.【答

案】32.C33.B34.A35.D【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文，文章就婴儿为什么不能保持早期记忆这一问题进行探讨分析，并提出了三种可能的猜想。【32题详解】主旨大意题。根据第三段第一句“But,ifinfantscanformmemoriesintheirfirstfewmo

nths,whydon’tpeoplerememberthingsfromthatearlieststageoflife?”(但是，如果婴儿在最初几个月就能形成记忆，为什么人们不记得生命最初阶段的事情呢？)，第四段第一句“Oneisthatautobiographica

lmemoriesrequireyoutohavesomesenseofself.”(其一，自传式记忆要求你有一些自我意识。)，第七段“Anotherpossibleexplanationisthatbecauseinfantsdon’thavelanguageuntillaterinth

esecondyearoflife,theycan’tformnarrativesabouttheirownlivesthattheycanlaterrecall.”(另一种可能的解释是，因为婴儿直到第二年才会说话，所以他们无法对自己的生活形成后来能回忆起

来的故事。)和最后一段“Finally,thehippocampus,whichistheregionofthebrainthat’slargelyresponsibleformemory,isn’tfullydevelopedintheinfancyperiod.”(最后，海马体是大脑

中主要负责记忆的区域，在婴儿期没有完全发育。)可知，文章主要探索了为什么婴儿不能保留他们早期记忆的原因。故选C。【33题详解】细节理解题。根据第四段前两句“Oneisthatautobiographicalmemoriesrequire

youtohavesomesenseofself.”(其一，自传式记忆要求你有一些自我意识。)和第三句“Researchershavetestedthisabilityinthepastusingamirrorrecognitio

ntaskcalledtherouge(胭脂)test.”(研究人员过去曾使用一种叫做胭脂测试的镜像识别任务来测试这种能力。)可知，胭脂测试的实施是为了检验婴儿的自我识别能力。故选B。【34题详解】细节理解题

。根据倒第二段“Anotherpossibleexplanationisthatbecauseinfantsdon’thavelanguageuntillaterinthesecondyearoflife,theycan’tformnarra

tivesabouttheirownlivesthattheycanlaterrecall.”(另一种可能的解释是，因为婴儿直到第二年才会说话，所以他们无法对自己的生活形成后来能回忆起来的故事。)可知，婴

儿在2到3岁时不能形成自传式记忆，所以科学家可能不会认同选项A所述。故选A。【35题详解】推理判断题。根据第三段第一句“But,ifinfantscanformmemoriesintheirfirstfewmonths,whydo

n’tpeoplerememberthingsfromthatearlieststageoflife?”(但是，如果婴儿在最初几个月就能形成记忆，为什么人们不记得生命最初阶段的事情呢？)可知，文章研究的是生物学问题，所以应该来自一本科学杂志

。故选D。11【河北省名校联盟2022-2023学年高三上学期开学考试】OnethingthatsetscyclingapartfrommostothersportsattheOlympicsistechnology.Withtheexceptionofafe

wothersports,suchassailingandrowing,mosteventsthattakeplaceattheSummerGamesusuallyjustcomedowntotheperformance

softheathletes.Theytrytoswimandrunfaster,jumpandclimbhigher,liftandhitwithmorestrength.Incycling,thecompetitionissoclose-oftenahundredt

hofasecondseparatesriders-thatthedifferenceinwinningandlosingcanbefoundinthechain,thewheels,andeventhehelmetthattheyc

hoosetowear.ThatiswhytheUSteammadeheadlinesatRio2016OlympicsGames,whenitrolledoutanewbikedesignthatmovedtheentiredrivechainfromtherights

idetotheleft.Itmightnotcatchtheattentionoftheaveragebicyclists,whoprobablydon’tevennoticewhichsidethedrivechain

isontheirownbikes.ButitcausedplentyofoutcryfromtheOlympicCommittee,sinceOlympicrulesstatethatanybikeusedincompetitionmustbemadeav

ailabletothepublic.ButtheAmericanbike-makerFeltBicyclesonlysoldthenewbikestotheAmericanteam.Theprice?$25,999perbike.ThentheBritishadoptedam

oretactful(圆滑的)strategy.ItteamedupwithbikemakerHopeTechnologytocreatesomethingextremelyexpensivefortheTokyo

OlympicsGamesthisyear.Theframealonesellsforabout$23,500.Another$12,000forthewheels.Throwingintheexpensivesuits,o

ilforchains,andsunglassesandshoes,theinvestmentneededtocompeteforacyclingmedalcanbealmostunaffordableformostoftheathletes.8.Whichgamedependsles

sheavilyontechnology?A.Sailing.B.Rowing.C.Jumping.D.Cycling.9.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“outcry”inparagraph2mostprobablymean?A.Criticism.B.Praise.C.

Excitement.D.Curiosity.10.Whatcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraph?A.TheBritishathletesenjoyunfairadvantages.B.HopeTechnol

ogyismorewillingtohelpall.C.HopeTechnologywantstosavemoremoney.D.TheBritishteamhasbrokentheOlympicrules.11.Inwhichsectionofanewspapermaythiste

xtappear?A.Politics.B.Sports.C.Advertisement.D.Economy.【答案】8.C9.A10.A11.B【解析】【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要披露了美国及英国在奥运会自行车比赛项目中依靠技术垄断获取优势的做法。【8题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段“O

nethingthatsetscyclingapartfrommostothersportsattheOlympicsistechnology.Withtheexceptionofafewothersports,suchassailingandrowing,mos

teventsthattakeplaceattheSummerGamesusuallyjustcomedowntotheperformancesoftheathletes.(在奥运会上，自行车运动与其他大多数运动项目的区别在于科技。除了帆船和赛艇等少数其他运动项目外，夏季奥运会

上举行的大多数项目通常只取决于运动员的表现)”可知，跳高对技术的依赖程度较低。故选C。【9题详解】词义猜测题。根据画线词后“sinceOlympicrulesstatethatanybikeusedincompetitionmustbemadeavail

abletothepublic.ButtheAmericanbike-makerFeltBicyclesonlysoldthenewbikestotheAmericanteam.(因为奥运规则规定，任何用于比赛的自行车

都必须向公众开放。但美国自行车制造商Feltbikes只向美国团队出售新自行车。)”可知，美国搞技术垄断是不符合比赛规则的，因此会受到奥委会的批评。故选A。【10题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段“ThentheBritishadopt

edamoretactful(圆滑的)strategy.(然后英国人采取了一种更圆滑的策略。)”以及“Throwingintheexpensivesuits,oilforchains,andsunglasse

sandshoes,theinvestmentneededtocompeteforacyclingmedalcanbealmostunaffordableformostoftheathletes.(再

加上昂贵的服装、链子上的油、太阳镜和鞋子，争夺一枚自行车奖牌所需的投资对大多数运动员来说几乎是无法承受的。)”可推断，装备的昂贵其他运动员无法承受，而英国运动员依靠技术垄断获得不公平的比赛优势。故选A。【11题详解】推理判断题。通读全文可

知，文章主要披露了美国及英国在奥运会自行车比赛项目中依靠技术垄断获取优势的做法。此很可能出现在“体育”版面。故选B。11【河北省名校联盟2022-2023学年高三上学期开学考试】Backinthe1980swhenmonkeypox(猴痘)wa

sstillanextremelyraredisease,scientistskeptwarning:Overtime,themonkeypoxoutbreakswillincrease.Atthattime,therewereonlyabout50mo

nkeypoxcasesayearinWestandCentralAfricawherepeoplecaughtthediseasemainlyfromdirectcontactwithwildanimals.Infectionbetweenhum

answasverylimited.Butin2022,theworldisfacingthefirstinternationaloutbreak,withmorethan5,000casesreportedin44countrieswithins

ixmonths.Sohowcouldthescientistsknowinthe1980sthatmonkeypoxwouldgrowinsizeandspreadinternationally?The

irwarningswerebasedonthesuccessfulcampaignagainstsmallpox(天花),oneofthedeadliestdiseasesinhumanhistory,whichkilledup

to30%ofthepeopleinfected.Thankstoaworldwidecampaign,smallpoxdisappearedinthelate1970s.However,theendofsmallpoxopenedthedoorformonkeypoxtoeme

rge.Monkeypox,whosepresentversionkillslessthan1%ofpeopleinfected,iscloselyrelatedtosmallpox.Havingasmallpoxinfection-orasmallpoxvaccine(疫

苗)-offersreallygoodprotectionagainstsmallpoxaswellasmonkeypox.Perhapsabout85%protection.Butinthelate1970s,theworldstopp

edvacciningpeopleforsmallpox.Sooverthepastdecades,humanresistancetosmallpoxandmonkeypoxhasdroppedsharply.“We’r

eactuallyatapointwhereourimmunityagainstmonkeypoxisthelowestinthousandsofyears,”saysJoWalkeroftheYaleSchoolofPublicHealth.Withoutsomeresistanceagains

tthedisease,peoplearemorelikelytocatchmonkeypoxfromanimalsandspreadittosomeoneelse.Soitistimethatpeoplewh

omightcomeintocontactwithinfectedpeoplewerevaccinedformonkeypox.Otherwise,itcouldbecomeapermanentpresenceintheworld,sinceever

ytimethere’sanoutbreakthevirushasachancetofigureouthowtospreadmorequicklyamongpeople.Indeed,thisnewoutbrea

kinEuropemaybeasignthatthevirushaschanged-evenifjustabit-andmaybeincreasingitsabilitytospreadamongpeople.

12.Whatcanbelearnedaboutmonkeypox?A.Itcanbemoredangerousthansmallpox.B.Itrarelyspreadfromanimalstohumans.C.Theoutbreakswerenotseriousinthe1980s.D.Sci

entistsaresurprisedbythepresentoutbreaks.13.Whatdoesparagraph4mainlyfocuson?A.Thecauseofthepresentoutbreaks.B.Thedisappearanceofsmall

pox.C.Thepotentialdangerofsmallpox.D.Thetreatmentofmonkeypox.14.WhatmightJoWalkerstronglyadvisegovernmentstodo?A.Killallt

heinfectedwildanimals.B.Developaspecialvaccinefortreatment.C.Lockdowntheinfectedcountries.D.Vaccinethoseinpossiblecontactwiththe

infected.15.Whatistheauthor’sattitudetothepresentoutbreakinEurope?A.Skeptical.B.Worried.C.Overjoyed.D.Uncaring.【答案】12.C13.A14.D15.B【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文

。文章主要分析了正在欧美爆发的猴痘的潜在危险、原因及预防措施等。【12题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段“Backinthe1980swhenmonkeypox(猴痘)wasstillanextremelyraredisease

,scientistskeptwarning:Overtime,themonkeypoxoutbreakswillincrease.Atthattime,therewereonlyabout50monkeypoxcasesaye

arinWestandCentralAfricawherepeoplecaughtthediseasemainlyfromdirectcontactwithwildanimals.Infectionbetweenhumanswasverylimited.”

（早在20世纪80年代，猴痘还是一种极其罕见的疾病，科学家们一直警告说：随着时间的推移，猴痘疫情将会增加。当时，西非和中非每年只有大约50例猴痘病例，那里的人主要是通过直接接触野生动物感染这种疾病的。人与人之间的感染非常有限。）可知，在1980年代，猴痘疫情并不

严重。故选C项。【13题详解】主旨大意题。根据第四段“Monkeypox,whosepresentversionkillslessthan1%ofpeopleinfected,iscloselyrelate

dtosmallpox.Havingasmallpoxinfection-orasmallpoxvaccine(疫苗)-offersreallygoodprotectionagainstsmallpoxaswellasmonkeypox.Perhapsabout85%protec

tion.Butinthelate1970s,theworldstoppedvacciningpeopleforsmallpox.Sooverthepastdecades,humanresistancetosmallpox

andmonkeypox-hasdroppedsharply.”（猴痘与天花密切相关，目前的猴痘病毒导致不到1%的感染者死亡。感染天花——或者接种天花疫苗——能有效预防天花和猴痘。大概85%的保护。但在20世纪70年代末，世界停止为人们接种天花疫苗。因此，在过去的

几十年里，人类对天花和猴痘的抵抗力急剧下降。）可知，第四段主要是关于导致目前猴痘爆发的原因。故选A项。【14题详解】推理判断题。根据第五段“Withoutsomeresistanceagainstthedisease,peoplearemoreli

kelytocatchmonkeypoxfromanimalsandspreadittosomeoneelse.Soitistimethatpeoplewhomightcomeintocontactwithinfectedpeoplewerevaccinedformonke

ypox.”（如果对这种疾病没有一定的抵抗力，人们更有可能从动物身上感染猴痘，并将其传播给其他人。因此，是时候让可能接触到感染者的人接种猴痘疫苗了。）可推断，JoWalker可能会强烈建议各国政府为密接群体打疫苗。故选D项。【15题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段“I

ndeed,thisnewoutbreakinEuropemaybeasignthatthevirushaschanged-evenifjustabit-andmaybeincreasingitsabilitytospreadamongpeople.”（事实上，这次在欧洲

的新爆发可能是病毒发生变化的一个迹象——即使只是一点点——可能正在增强其在人群中传播的能力。）由此判断出，作者对目前欧洲爆发的疫情持担忧的态度。故选B项。