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考点分类练(六)推理判断题——文章出处类Passage1(2022安徽宣城二模)Haveyoueverfoundpickingoutthefaceofafriendinagroupphotoissome

timeshard,especiallywheneveryonecrowdstogether?Inthesameway,itcanalsobehardtoreadapassageoftextwhenthelette

rsaretooclosetogether.Infact,anewstudyshowsthatspacingthelettersfartherapartcanhelpanyonereadfaster,andpossiblyunderstandmore.Dyslexiaisacommonr

eadingdisorder.Crowdedtextwasespeciallydifficultforpeoplewithdyslexiatoread.Soresearcherswantedtoseeif

increasingthespacingbetweenletterswouldhelp.StevenStagg,ascientist,studieshowpeoplethinkandlearn.Histeamrecruited59studentsbetween11and15ye

arsold,thirty-twoofwhomhaddyslexia.Whiletheresearchersrecordedthem,eachstudentreadtwopassagesoutloud.Onepassagewasinitsoriginalformat.Intheother,th

erewasanincreaseof2.5pointsinthespacingbetweentheletters.Therecordingallowedthescientiststomeasuretheirreading

speedandcountanymistakes,suchasskippedwords.Peoplewithdyslexiaoftenemployaidstohelpthemread,suchascoloredoverlays(覆盖物).Thistimetheyareoff

eredbytheresearchers.Thosecoloredoverlaysdidn’thelpeithergroupofkids.Buttheextraspacingdid.Kidswithdyslexiareadthewider-spacedtext13

percentfasterthanthetextwithoriginalspacing.Thesekidsalsomadefewermistakes.Studentswithoutdyslexiareadfaster,too,althoughonlyby5percent.Thi

sisverygoodnews.Itmeansteachersandpublisherscanprintmaterialwithextraspacingbetweenletters.Readerswithdyslexiawon’tfee

lsingledoutbyhavingtousespecialaidsforreading.AnorganizationcalledReadabilityMattersisworkingontheseissues.Thegroupistryingtogettechcompanies

tomakechangesthatshouldmakereadingeasier.Staggsays,“Somemethodshaveshownmixedresults,butletterspacingseem

stobetheonethingthateveryoneisfindingworks.”1.Whatisthepurposeofthefirstparagraph?A.Tomakethearticleinteres

ting.B.Topresentacommonproblem.C.Toleadtothetopicofthearticle.D.Toprovideanewsolution.2.Whatdoyouknowaboutpeoplewithdyslexia?A.Theymayunderstandever

ythingwhilereadingwider-spacedtext.B.Theymayreadfasterthannormalkidswhilereadingwider-spacedtext.C.Theymayfreefromdyslexiaafterincreasinglett

erspacing.D.Theymayfeelsingledoutwhileusingcoloredoverlaysforreading.3.Inwhichcolumnofanewspapercanweprobablyfindthispassage?A.Sciencestudy

.B.Campuslife.C.Starstories.D.Business.4.Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?A.ReadersTrytoImproveReadingSpeedB.YouJustNeedMoreSpaceC.ColoredOv

erlaysAreHelpfulAidsD.DyslexiaAffectsReadingSpeedPassage2(2022广西桂林梧州一模)Thenumberofweather-relateddisastershasincreasedbyfivetimes

overthepast50years,thelatestreportbytheWorldMeteorological(气象)Organization(WMO)saidonSeptember1st.However,thankstoimprovedearlywarni

ngsystemsanddisastermanagement,thenumberofdeathfromthesehazards(危险)hasbeenalmostthreetimesless.AccordingtotheWMO

,from1970to2019,weather,climateandwaterhazardsaccountedfor50percentofalldisasters.Amongthetop10hazardsthatledtothelargestlossofhumanli

feduringthisperiodweredroughts,storms,floodsandextremetemperatures.However,deathsfellfromover50,000inthe1970stolessthan20,000int

he2010s.“Weather,climateandwaterextremesareincreasingandwillbecomemorefrequentandsevereinmanypartsofthewo

rldasaresultofclimatechange,”saysWMOSecretary-GeneralPetteriTaalas.“Thatmeansmoreheatwaves,droughtandforestfiressuchasth

osewehaveobservedrecentlyinEuropeandNorthAmerica.Wehavemorewatervaporintheatmosphere,whichisworseningextremerainfallanddeadlyflooding.T

hewarmingoftheoceanhasaffectedthefrequencyandareaofexistenceofthemostintensetropicalstorms.”“Economiclossesa

reincreasingasexposureincreases.Butbehindthestatisticsliesamessageofhope.Improvedmulti-hazardearlywarningsystems

haveledtoasignificantreductionindeaths.Quitesimply,wearebetterthaneverbeforeatsavinglives,”Taalassaid.5.W

hatdoweknowfromthefirstparagraph?A.Disastersconnectedwithweatherhavegoneup.B.Thenumberofweather-relatedd

isastershasdecreased.C.Thenumberofdeathsfromhazardshasbeenincreasing.D.Earlywarningsystemshavemadedisastersdeclinemuch.6.WhatwillhappenaccordingtoP

etteriTaalas?A.Therewillbemoreextremeweather.B.Extremerainfallwillnolongerexist.C.Watervaporintheatmospherewillgodown.D.Humanw

illconquerextremeweatherintheend.7.Whatishopefulbehindthebadnews?A.Improvedwarningsystemswillsaveeconomiclo

sses.B.Economiclossesaregoingdownasexposureincreases.C.Moreliveswillbesavedthankstoearlywarningsystems.D.Improvedearly

warningsystemswillcontrolextremeweather.8.Wheremaythetextbetakenfrom?A.Anovel.B.Abrochure.C.Aguideline.D.Amagazine.Passage3(20

22广西南宁二模)Inordertogetridofgoldenrodfromthecity,thegovernmentofWuhanisencouragingresidentstoreportanyfindingsoftheplant,whichisclassifiedasaharmful

alienspecies.Goldenrodisoneofthemostsuccessfulandwidespreadalienplantspecies.Itisoftenreferredtoas“thef

lowerofthedevil”,asitspreadsextremelyfastandcausesotherplantstodie.BesidesHubeiprovince,theplanthasalsobeenfoundexpandinginotherprovincessu

chasJiangxiandZhejiang.Althoughlocalauthoritieshavetriedtogetridoftheplant,itisprovingtobeadifficulttask.Goldenrodrepresent

sjustoneofthealienspeciesthatareaggressivetowardsthecountry’snativespecies.Statisticsshowthatby2020,nearly800kindsofalienspecieshadinvadedthe

country,amongwhich638specieshaveinvadedthecountry’sagriculturalandforestryecosystems,causingdirecteconomiclossesofabout200bi

llionyuan($31.36billion).AttheUnitedNationsBiodiversityConferenceheldinKunming,Yunnanprovince,theinvasionofalienspecie

swasthesubjectofdiscussions,asitwasregardedasoneofthetwomostimportantfactorsleadingtothelossofbiodiversity,theotherbeinghuman

-causedecologicaldamage.ChinapasseditsBiosecurityLawonApril15,2021,whichprovidesthelegalbasisforpreventingtheinvasionofalienspeciesandprotecti

ngbiodiversityinthecountry.Therelevantdepartmentsalsostrictlycarryoutportinspectionsandquarantinessoastokeephar

mfulorganismsoutofthecountry,andtheystrengthenearlywarningandmonitoringsystemssoastoaddresstheinvasionasearlyaspossible.However,whilegove

rnmentdepartmentsaremakingeveryefforttopreventandcontrolthesituation,theparticipationofthepeopleshouldn

otbeignored.Itisalsonecessary,asWuhanisdoing,toencouragepeopletopayattentiontoinvasivespeciesandactivelyplayaroleinkee

pingthematbay.Preventinganyinvasionbyanalienspeciesandprotectingbiodiversityshouldnotjustbethegovernm

entdepartmentsfightingalone,butalsoapeople’swar.9.Whatcanwelearnaboutgoldenrodfromthetext?A.ItoriginatesinWuhan.B.I

tdoesharmtopeople’shealth.C.Itisagreatthreattothesurroundingplants.D.Itcausesaneconomiclossofabout$31.

36billion.10.Whatisparagraph5mainlyabout?A.China’seffortstostoptheinvasionofalienspecies.B.Relevantdepartments’warningofgoldenrod.C.Thelegalbasis

toprotectbiodiversity.D.Theimportanceofportinspectionsandquarantines.11.Whatdotheunderlinedwords“keepingthematbay”inthelastparagra

phmean?A.Keepingtheinvasivespeciesoutofthecountry.B.Buildingsomebarriersforthespecies.C.Preventingthefl

owersfromgrowingfast.D.Keepingthealienspeciessafeattheport.12.Inwhichsectionofanewspapercanthistextbefound?A.Business.B.

Culture.C.Environment.D.Opinion.考点分类练(六)推理判断题——文章出处类Passage1【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述了一项研究表明增加字母间距有助于帮助患有阅读

障碍的人阅读,让无阅读障碍的人阅读速度更快。1.C解析推理判断题。由第一段内容可知,与在合影中辨认朋友的脸有时很难一样,字母靠得太近也让人难以辨认,而研究表明加大字母间隔能帮助人提高阅读速度,承接下文,引出第二段内容。所以第一段的目的是引出文章的主题。2.D解析推理判断题。由第四段中的“P

eoplewithdyslexiaoftenemployaidstohelpthemread,suchascoloredoverlays(覆盖物).”和倒数第二段中的“Readerswithdyslexiawon’tfeelsin

gledoutbyhavingtousespecialaidsforreading.”可推断出,当阅读障碍患者使用彩色版面阅读时,他们可能会感到被孤立了。3.A解析推理判断题。本文主要是介绍一项科学研究,会在报纸的“科学研究”专栏找到这

篇文章。4.B解析主旨大意题。本文主要讲述了增加字母间距有助于帮助患有阅读障碍的人阅读,B项“你只需要更多的(字母)空间”符合文意。Passage2【语篇导读】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要讲了极端天气和与此相关的灾难会越来越多,但是人类可以通过早期预警系

统拯救更多的生命。5.A解析细节理解题。由第一段第一句中的“Thenumberofweather-relateddisastershasincreasedbyfivetimesoverthepast50years”可知,与气候相关的灾

难增多了。6.A解析细节理解题。由第三段PetteriTaalas说的话可知,PetteriTaalas认为极端天气会增多。7.C解析细节理解题。由最后一段中的“Butbehindthestatisticsliesamessageofhope.Imp

rovedmulti-hazardearlywarningsystemshaveledtoasignificantreductionindeaths.”可知,预警系统会拯救更多生命。8.D解析推理判断题。由第三段中的“saysWMOSecretary-Ge

neralPetteriTaalas.”和第五段结尾的“Taalassaid.”可知,文章引用了世界气象组织官员的话,所以最可能出自电视或广播的专题节目,magazine有“(电视、广播)专题节目”的意思。Pas

sage3【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了麒麟草被列为有害外来物种,它是最成功、分布最广的外来植物之一。它通常被称为“魔鬼之花”,因为它传播速度极快,会导致其他植物死亡。文章还说明了中国对于阻止外来物种入侵

的努力情况等。9.C解析细节理解题。根据第二段“Goldenrodisoneofthemostsuccessfulandwidespreadalienplantspecies.Itisoftenrefer

redtoas‘theflowerofthedevil’,asitspreadsextremelyfastandcausesotherplantstodie.”可知,麒麟草对周围的植物是一个巨大的威胁。10.A解析主旨大意题。根据第五段内容可知,第五段主要讲的

是中国阻止外来物种入侵的努力。11.A解析词句猜测题。根据最后一段中“Preventinganyinvasionbyanalienspeciesandprotectingbiodiversityshouldnotjustbethegovernme

ntdepartmentsfightingalone,butalsoapeople’swar.”以及画线词组上文“encouragepeopletopayattentiontoinvasivespeciesandacti

velyplayarolein”可知,文章提出要鼓励人们关注入侵物种,并积极发挥作用,把入侵物种赶出这个国家。故画线词意思是“把入侵物种赶出这个国家”。