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考点分类练(六)推理判断题——文章出处类Passage1(2022安徽宣城二模)Haveyoueverfoundpickingoutthefaceofafriendinagroupphotoissomet

imeshard,especiallywheneveryonecrowdstogether?Inthesameway,itcanalsobehardtoreadapassageoftextwhenthelettersaretooclosetogether.Infact

,anewstudyshowsthatspacingthelettersfartherapartcanhelpanyonereadfaster,andpossiblyunderstandmore.Dyslexiaisacommonreadingdisorder.Crowdedte

xtwasespeciallydifficultforpeoplewithdyslexiatoread.Soresearcherswantedtoseeifincreasingthespacingbetweenletterswouldhelp.StevenStagg

,ascientist,studieshowpeoplethinkandlearn.Histeamrecruited59studentsbetween11and15yearsold,thirty-two

ofwhomhaddyslexia.Whiletheresearchersrecordedthem,eachstudentreadtwopassagesoutloud.Onepassagewasinitsoriginalformat.Intheother,therewasaninc

reaseof2.5pointsinthespacingbetweentheletters.Therecordingallowedthescientiststomeasuretheirreadingspeedandcountanymistakes,sucha

sskippedwords.Peoplewithdyslexiaoftenemployaidstohelpthemread,suchascoloredoverlays(覆盖物).Thistimetheyareofferedbytheresear

chers.Thosecoloredoverlaysdidn’thelpeithergroupofkids.Buttheextraspacingdid.Kidswithdyslexiareadthewider-spacedtext13percentfastertha

nthetextwithoriginalspacing.Thesekidsalsomadefewermistakes.Studentswithoutdyslexiareadfaster,too,althoughonlyby5percent.Thisisverygood

news.Itmeansteachersandpublisherscanprintmaterialwithextraspacingbetweenletters.Readerswithdyslexiawon’tfeelsingledoutbyhavi

ngtousespecialaidsforreading.AnorganizationcalledReadabilityMattersisworkingontheseissues.Thegroupistr

yingtogettechcompaniestomakechangesthatshouldmakereadingeasier.Staggsays,“Somemethodshaveshownmixedresults,butletterspacingsee

mstobetheonethingthateveryoneisfindingworks.”1.Whatisthepurposeofthefirstparagraph?A.Tomakethearticleinteresting.B.Topresentacommonproble

m.C.Toleadtothetopicofthearticle.D.Toprovideanewsolution.2.Whatdoyouknowaboutpeoplewithdyslexia?A.They

mayunderstandeverythingwhilereadingwider-spacedtext.B.Theymayreadfasterthannormalkidswhilereadingwider-spacedtext.C.Theymayfreefromdyslexia

afterincreasingletterspacing.D.Theymayfeelsingledoutwhileusingcoloredoverlaysforreading.3.Inwhichcolumnofanewspapercanwepro

bablyfindthispassage?A.Sciencestudy.B.Campuslife.C.Starstories.D.Business.4.Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?A.ReadersTrytoImproveReading

SpeedB.YouJustNeedMoreSpaceC.ColoredOverlaysAreHelpfulAidsD.DyslexiaAffectsReadingSpeedPassage2(2022广西桂林梧州一模)Thenumberofweather-r

elateddisastershasincreasedbyfivetimesoverthepast50years,thelatestreportbytheWorldMeteorological(气象)Organization(WMO)saidonSepte

mber1st.However,thankstoimprovedearlywarningsystemsanddisastermanagement,thenumberofdeathfromthesehaza

rds(危险)hasbeenalmostthreetimesless.AccordingtotheWMO,from1970to2019,weather,climateandwaterhazardsaccountedfor50percentofalldisasters.Among

thetop10hazardsthatledtothelargestlossofhumanlifeduringthisperiodweredroughts,storms,floodsandextremetemperatures.However,deathsfe

llfromover50,000inthe1970stolessthan20,000inthe2010s.“Weather,climateandwaterextremesareincreasingandwillbecomem

orefrequentandsevereinmanypartsoftheworldasaresultofclimatechange,”saysWMOSecretary-GeneralPetteriTaa

las.“Thatmeansmoreheatwaves,droughtandforestfiressuchasthosewehaveobservedrecentlyinEuropeandNorthAmerica.Wehavemorewa

tervaporintheatmosphere,whichisworseningextremerainfallanddeadlyflooding.Thewarmingoftheoceanhasaffec

tedthefrequencyandareaofexistenceofthemostintensetropicalstorms.”“Economiclossesareincreasingasexposureincreases.Butbehi

ndthestatisticsliesamessageofhope.Improvedmulti-hazardearlywarningsystemshaveledtoasignificantreductionindeaths.Quit

esimply,wearebetterthaneverbeforeatsavinglives,”Taalassaid.5.Whatdoweknowfromthefirstparagraph?A.Disastersconnectedwithweat

herhavegoneup.B.Thenumberofweather-relateddisastershasdecreased.C.Thenumberofdeathsfromhazardshasbeenincreasing.D.Earlywar

ningsystemshavemadedisastersdeclinemuch.6.WhatwillhappenaccordingtoPetteriTaalas?A.Therewillbemoreextremeweather.B.Extremerainfallwill

nolongerexist.C.Watervaporintheatmospherewillgodown.D.Humanwillconquerextremeweatherintheend.7.Whatishopefulbehindthebadnews?A.Improve

dwarningsystemswillsaveeconomiclosses.B.Economiclossesaregoingdownasexposureincreases.C.Moreliveswillbesavedthankstoearlywarning

systems.D.Improvedearlywarningsystemswillcontrolextremeweather.8.Wheremaythetextbetakenfrom?A.Anovel.B.Abrochure

.C.Aguideline.D.Amagazine.Passage3(2022广西南宁二模)Inordertogetridofgoldenrodfromthecity,thegovernmentofWuhanisencou

ragingresidentstoreportanyfindingsoftheplant,whichisclassifiedasaharmfulalienspecies.Goldenrodisoneofthemostsuc

cessfulandwidespreadalienplantspecies.Itisoftenreferredtoas“theflowerofthedevil”,asitspreadsextremelyfastandcausesotherplantstodie.BesidesHubeiprovi

nce,theplanthasalsobeenfoundexpandinginotherprovincessuchasJiangxiandZhejiang.Althoughlocalauthoritieshav

etriedtogetridoftheplant,itisprovingtobeadifficulttask.Goldenrodrepresentsjustoneofthealienspeciesthatareaggressiv

etowardsthecountry’snativespecies.Statisticsshowthatby2020,nearly800kindsofalienspecieshadinvadedthecountry,amongwhich638specieshaveinvaded

thecountry’sagriculturalandforestryecosystems,causingdirecteconomiclossesofabout200billionyuan($31.36billion).Att

heUnitedNationsBiodiversityConferenceheldinKunming,Yunnanprovince,theinvasionofalienspecieswasthesubjectofdiscussions,asitwasr

egardedasoneofthetwomostimportantfactorsleadingtothelossofbiodiversity,theotherbeinghuman-causedecologicaldamage.ChinapasseditsBiosecu

rityLawonApril15,2021,whichprovidesthelegalbasisforpreventingtheinvasionofalienspeciesandprotectingbiodiversityinthecountry.Therelevant

departmentsalsostrictlycarryoutportinspectionsandquarantinessoastokeepharmfulorganismsoutofthecountry,andtheystr

engthenearlywarningandmonitoringsystemssoastoaddresstheinvasionasearlyaspossible.However,whilegovernmentde

partmentsaremakingeveryefforttopreventandcontrolthesituation,theparticipationofthepeopleshouldnotbeignored.Itisalsonecessary,asWuhani

sdoing,toencouragepeopletopayattentiontoinvasivespeciesandactivelyplayaroleinkeepingthematbay.Preventinganyinvasionbyanalienspecie

sandprotectingbiodiversityshouldnotjustbethegovernmentdepartmentsfightingalone,butalsoapeople’swar.9.Wh

atcanwelearnaboutgoldenrodfromthetext?A.ItoriginatesinWuhan.B.Itdoesharmtopeople’shealth.C.Itisagreatthreattothesurroundingplan

ts.D.Itcausesaneconomiclossofabout$31.36billion.10.Whatisparagraph5mainlyabout?A.China’seffortstostopthein

vasionofalienspecies.B.Relevantdepartments’warningofgoldenrod.C.Thelegalbasistoprotectbiodiversity.D.Theimportanceofportinspecti

onsandquarantines.11.Whatdotheunderlinedwords“keepingthematbay”inthelastparagraphmean?A.Keepingtheinvasivespeciesoutofthecountry.B.Buildingsomeb

arriersforthespecies.C.Preventingtheflowersfromgrowingfast.D.Keepingthealienspeciessafeattheport.12.Inwhic

hsectionofanewspapercanthistextbefound?A.Business.B.Culture.C.Environment.D.Opinion.考点分类练(六)推理判断题——文章出处类Passage1【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述了一项研究

表明增加字母间距有助于帮助患有阅读障碍的人阅读,让无阅读障碍的人阅读速度更快。1.C解析推理判断题。由第一段内容可知,与在合影中辨认朋友的脸有时很难一样,字母靠得太近也让人难以辨认,而研究表明加大字母间隔能帮助人提高阅读速度,承接下文,引出第二段内容

。所以第一段的目的是引出文章的主题。2.D解析推理判断题。由第四段中的“Peoplewithdyslexiaoftenemployaidstohelpthemread,suchascoloredoverlays(覆盖物).”和

倒数第二段中的“Readerswithdyslexiawon’tfeelsingledoutbyhavingtousespecialaidsforreading.”可推断出,当阅读障碍患者使用彩色版面阅读时,他们可能会感到被孤立了。

3.A解析推理判断题。本文主要是介绍一项科学研究,会在报纸的“科学研究”专栏找到这篇文章。4.B解析主旨大意题。本文主要讲述了增加字母间距有助于帮助患有阅读障碍的人阅读,B项“你只需要更多的(字母)空间”符合文意。Passage2【语篇导读】本文是一篇新闻报道。

文章主要讲了极端天气和与此相关的灾难会越来越多,但是人类可以通过早期预警系统拯救更多的生命。5.A解析细节理解题。由第一段第一句中的“Thenumberofweather-relateddisastershasincreasedbyf

ivetimesoverthepast50years”可知,与气候相关的灾难增多了。6.A解析细节理解题。由第三段PetteriTaalas说的话可知,PetteriTaalas认为极端天气会增多。7.C解析细节理解题。由最后一段中的“Bu

tbehindthestatisticsliesamessageofhope.Improvedmulti-hazardearlywarningsystemshaveledtoasignificantreduction

indeaths.”可知,预警系统会拯救更多生命。8.D解析推理判断题。由第三段中的“saysWMOSecretary-GeneralPetteriTaalas.”和第五段结尾的“Taalassaid.”可知,文章引用了世界气象组织官员的话,所以最可能出自电视或广播的专题节目,magazine有“

(电视、广播)专题节目”的意思。Passage3【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了麒麟草被列为有害外来物种,它是最成功、分布最广的外来植物之一。它通常被称为“魔鬼之花”,因为它传播速度极快,会导致其他植物死亡。文章还说明

了中国对于阻止外来物种入侵的努力情况等。9.C解析细节理解题。根据第二段“Goldenrodisoneofthemostsuccessfulandwidespreadalienplantspecies.Itisoftenreferredtoas‘theflowerofthedevil’,asits

preadsextremelyfastandcausesotherplantstodie.”可知,麒麟草对周围的植物是一个巨大的威胁。10.A解析主旨大意题。根据第五段内容可知,第五段主要讲的是中国阻止外来物种入侵的努力。11.A解析词句猜测题。根据最后一

段中“Preventinganyinvasionbyanalienspeciesandprotectingbiodiversityshouldnotjustbethegovernmentdepartmentsfightingalone,but

alsoapeople’swar.”以及画线词组上文“encouragepeopletopayattentiontoinvasivespeciesandactivelyplayarolein”可知,文章提出要鼓励人们关注入侵物种,并积极发挥作用,把

入侵物种赶出这个国家。故画线词意思是“把入侵物种赶出这个国家”。