【文档说明】2022-2023学年高二英语 人教版2019选择性必修第三册 课后练习 Unit 2 Healthy Lifestyle-Grammar—动词不定式作主语&Writing—建议信 Word版无.docx，共(15)页，342.353 KB，由小赞的店铺上传

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Unit2HealthyLifestyle-Grammar—动词不定式作主语&Writing—建议信Grammar——动词不定式作主语1.Toseeistobelieve.2.Todomorningexercisesisusefulforourhealth.3.Itisi

nterestingtoplaywithsnowinwinter.4.It’simportantforhumanbeingstokeepthebalanceofnature.【自主发现】1.动词不定式在句中可作主语。2.可以用it作形式主语，真正的主语是动词不定式。不定式是非谓语动词

的一种，没有人称和数的变化，在句中可以作主语(有名词和代词的作用)，通常表示具体的、特定的行为。1.不定式作主语的用法(1)不定式位于句首TostudyEnglishwellisnoteasy.学好英语不容易。Tosavemoneynowseemsimpossible.现在好像不可能

存钱。[名师提醒]表示单一概念的动词不定式作主语时，谓语动词用单数。Tomakeupforlosttimeisnotpossible.要弥补失去的时光是不可能的。(2)多数情况用it作形式主语，把真正的主语(动词不

定式)置于句末，特别是不定式短语较长时。常用于下列句式中。①It＋be＋名词＋todoIt’sourdutytotakegoodcareoftheold.照顾老人是我们的责任。②It＋be＋形容词＋(for

/ofsb)＋todoItisdifficultforustofinishwritingthecompositioninaquarterofanhour.我们很难在一刻钟内写完这篇作文。“Itisstupidofyoutowritedowneverything”，theteach

ersays.老师说：“你把每件事都写下来，真是太蠢了。”[名师提醒](1)该句式结构中forsb前常用表示事物的特征、特点的形容词，如easy，hard，difficult，interesting，impossible等。It’snecessary

foryoutolockthecarwhenyoudonotuseit.当你不用车的时候，锁车是有必要的。(2)ofsb前一般用表示人物的性格、品德及主观感情或态度的形容词，如good，kind，nice，clever，foolish，ri

ght等。Itwassillyofustobelievehim.我们真愚蠢，竟然相信了他。(3)疑问词＋不定式短语作主语可置于句首。Howtousethecomputerisaquestion.如何使用计算机是个问题。补全句子

①Ittakesabouttenminutes.步行去银行大约用十分钟时间。②Itwaseasyforusfeelingalittlemisunderstood.(2020·江苏卷阅读D)在一天结束的时候，我们很容易在被误解的感觉下入睡。③tosayso

.你这样说真是太好了。④Itwasaspecialtimeanditfilledthemwiththewondermentofbooks.这是一个特殊的时刻，我和我的孩子们建立了联系，让他们沉浸在书的奇

妙中。⑤hasn’tbeendecidedyet.什么时候开会还没有定下来呢。⑥Theimplicationoftheseresultsisthattogainthegreatesthealthbenefitsfromexercise，itmaybewise.这些结果表明，要想从运

动中获得最大的益处最好先不吃东西。2.动词不定式与动名词作主语的区别(1)动名词作主语通常表示抽象动作；而不定式作主语表示具体动作。Smokingisprohibitedhere.这里禁止抽烟。(抽象)Itis

notgoodforyoutosmokesomuch.你抽这么多烟对你身体很不好。(具体)(2)动名词作主语时，通常用以表示一件已知的事或经验。不定式短语通常用来表示一件未完成的事或目的。Climbingmountainsisinteresting.爬山很有趣。(经验)Tofinish

thetaskwilltakealongtime.完成这项任务将要花费很长时间。(具体)(3)不定式作主语，一般用it当形式主语，把作主语的不定式短语后置。动名词作真正的主语的句型有：It’snogood(use，fun)doing/

It’sawasteoftimedoing等。Ittookmeonlyfiveminutestofinishthejob.我仅用了5分钟便完成了工作。Itisnogoodarguingwithhim.Heneverlistenstoothers.和他争论没用

，他从不听别人的。单句语法填空①(walk)isagoodformofexerciseforbothyoungandold.②(drive)acarduringtherushhouristiring.③Itisnouse(cry)overthesplitmilk

.④(play)withfireisdangerous.⑤(play)withfirewillbedangerous.Ⅰ.单句语法填空1.Sometimesit’shard(let)go.FormanyBritishpeople，thatcanapplytoinst

itutionsandobjectsthatrepresenttheircountry’spast—age-oldcastles，splendidhomes...andredphoneboxes.2.Hewillfind

iseasytomakefriendsinthiscity.3.(get)therebybikewilltakeushalfanhour.4.Itwasabigdealforus(load)upandgotothelocallibrary，wheremy

kidscouldpickoutbookstoreadorbookstheywantedmetoreadtothem.5.It’sveryniceyoutogetmetwoticketsfortheWorldCup.

6.It’snecessaryyoutogiveupsmoking.7.Howlongdidittakeyou(finish)thework?8.Asisknown，only(work)hardleadstohappiness.9.Hesaysit’snoteasy(

convince)peoplethatnutriafurisgreen，buthehasnodoubtaboutit.10.How(learn)Englishwellisimportant.Ⅱ.补全句

子1.It’skindofyou.你能帮助我真是太好了。2.isaChinesetraditionalvirtueandasymbolofcivilizationaswell.尊敬老人是中华民族的传统美德，也是文明的象征。3.It’shard，butresearchindicatesthatt

henumbershavebeenrisingforsometime.很难确切说出有多少人同意他的观点，但研究表明，这个数字一段时间以来一直在上升。4.tofinishwritingthecomposit

ioninaquarterofanhour.我们难以在十五分钟内完成这篇作文。5.Nomatterhowbrightatalkeryouare，therearetimes.不论你多么能说会道，有些时候保持沉默会更好。6.becomesadailydiscussiontopic

.如何应对日益上涨的生活费用成为人们日常讨论的话题。Ⅲ.语法填空Peopleusetheword“friend”ina1.____________(various)ofways.Afriendcanmeananythingfromanacquaintance(

泛泛之交)tosomeoneyou’veknown.Whoevertheyare，friendsareanimportantpartoflifeateverystage.Forsomepeople，makingfriendsiseasy.Forot

hers，itcanbe2.____________struggle.It’seasyforpeoplewhoknowhowtoconnectwithothers.Butyoudon’tneedtobecleveror3.___

_________(charm)tomakefriends.Peoplewhomakefriendseasilyknowhowtobe4.____________(them).There’sanoldsaying：“Afrie

ndissomeonewhoknowsyouwell—and5.____________(like)youanyway.”Therearethreesimplethingsyoucandotomakefriends.First，youhavetolikeyourself.Makeal

istofyour6.____________(strong)，talentsandachievements.Thatway，whenyoumeetnewpeople，you’llknow7.____________youhavetoshare.Next，learnh

owtolisten.Tosucceedinfriendships，youneedtoshowaninterest8.____________others.Askquestionsaboutotherpeople.Finall

y，it’sagoodidea9.____________(join)aclubortakeaclass.Thatway，youcanmeetpeoplewhohavesimilarinterests.Goodf

riends10.____________(usual)likethesamethings.Writing——建议信一、写作分析建议信属于半开放性作文，大多要求考生根据所给的材料给出有针对性的解决办法或者提

出合理的建议，材料多为征求建议的信件。二、篇章结构建议信一般采取三段式结构：首段：针对对方对自己的信任简单表示感谢，亦可表明自己的意图。中段：围绕对方的困惑、烦恼等问题，用委婉的语言提出自己的建议、方法。末段：表达希望，希望自己的建议能对

对方有所帮助。三、语言特点1.建议内容要详尽具体，不能含糊其辞；要充分考虑到对方的实际问题，表达时应选择得体的语言，语气要诚恳，有礼貌，切忌用语生硬呆板，泛泛而谈。2.可提供的建议通常是多个，因此要注意各个建议之间的

衔接。一、常用词汇1.havetrouble/difficulty(in)doingsth做某事有困难2.followtheadvice遵从建议3.advise/recommendsbtodosth建议某人做某事4.attachimportancetofoodquality注重食品

质量5.developahealthyeatinghabit养成健康的饮食习惯6.buildupabody增强体质7.takeintoomuchfat摄入过多的脂肪8.keepabalanceddiet保持均衡的饮食9.guaranteethesafetyoffood保障食品安全10.

takeregularexercise有规律的锻炼二、常用句式引出话题1.I’msorryyouhavetroublein...2.Iamwritingtosharesomeadvicewithyou.3.Youhaveaskedforsom

eadviceconcerning...andIwilltrytogiveyoumysuggestions.建议方法1.Ithinkitwouldbeagoodideaif...2.Inmyopinion，itwouldbewiseto...3.IfIwerey

ou，Iwould...4.Whynot...？/Whydon’tyou...?提出希望1.Ihopeyouwillfindtheseproposals/suggestions/tipspractical/useful/helpful.2.Iwoulda

ppreciateitverymuchifyoucouldconsidermysuggestions.为了帮助中学生健康成长，某中学英文报开辟了“HEART-TO-HEART”专栏。假设你是该栏目的编辑Jamie，收到一封署名为Worri

ed的求助信。信中该同学向你诉说了自己的困扰：近日容易发脾气，使正常的学习和生活受到了影响。请用英文给该同学写一封回信。内容要点如下：1.表示理解并给予安慰；2.提出建议并说明理由。注意：1.词数100左右；2.信中不能出现与本人相关的信息；3.信的开头与结尾已为你拟好，不计入总词数

。参考词汇：tempern.脾气；情绪HiWorried，I’msorrytoknowthatyou’rehavingsuchabadtimeatthemoment.Yours，Jamie第一步审题谋篇体裁建议信时态一般现在时

和将来时主题有关生活和学习的建议人称第一和第二人称布局首段：对问题表示理解和安慰；中段：具体建议及理由；尾段：希望和祝愿。第二步要点翻译1.这是一个让你的愤怒发泄而不伤害别人或自己的好方法。Thisisagoodwayoflettingyourangeroutwithouthurtingothe

rsoryourself.2.这样一种积极的生活态度可以帮助提升你的精神。Suchapositiveattitudetowardslifecanbehelpfulinliftingyourspirits.第三步词句升级1.用so合并句子。Thetruthiseveryonewillhaveo

neofthoseperiodswhenthingsseemtobewrong.Youdon’thavetoworrysomuch.→Thetruthiseveryonewillhaveoneofthoseperiodswhenthingsseemtobewron

g，soyoudon’thavetoworrysomuch.2.用sothat和定语从句合并句子。Theimportantthingistolearntocontrolyourtemper.Youmaynotdoorsayanythingandyo

uwillregretit.→Theimportantthingistolearntocontrolyourtempersothatyoumaynotdoorsayanythingyou’llregret.3.用as合并句子。Gooutdoo

rsandplayteamgameswithyourfriends.Physicalexerciseisaneffectivewaytogetridofanger.→Gooutdoorsandplayteamgameswithyourfriends，asphysicalexerciseisa

neffectivewaytogetridofanger.第四步连句成篇HiWorried，I’msorrytoknowthatyou’rehavingsuchabadtimeatthemoment.Thetr

uthiseveryonewillhaveoneofthoseperiodswhenthingsseemtobewrong，soyoudon’thavetoworrysomuch.Theimportantthingistolearntocontrolyourtempersothaty

oumaynotdoorsayanythingyou’llregret.Herearethreeusefultips：First，talktosomeoneyoutrustabouthowyoufeel.Thisisagoodwayoflettingyo

urangeroutwithouthurtingothersoryourself.Second，gooutdoorsandplayteamgameswithyourfriends，asphysicalexerciseisaneffectivewayto

getridofanger.Andthird，remainoptimisticaboutyourfuture.Suchapositiveattitudetowardslifecanbehelpfulinliftingyourspirits.

Ihopeyou’llsoonfeelcalmerandcarryonasnormal.Yours，Jamie为了使同学们更加健康快乐地成长，学校决定向同学们征求建议。假如你是刘波，用英语向校长写一篇100词左右的建议信。注意

：1.文中应包含所有要点，并适当发挥；2.开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。DearHeadmaster，I’mverygladtowritealettertoyou.Thesedayswearetal

kingabouthowtohaveabetterschoollife.Herearesomeofmysuggestions.First，IhopeourschoolwillHopemysuggestionswillbehelpful.Thanksforreadingmyletter!Yourss

incerely，LiuBo能力提升Ⅰ.阅读理解AMostpeoplelookingforwaystoquitsmokingworryaboutweightgain，andwithgoodreason.Smokerswhoquittendtopackonanaver

ageof5poundsaftertheystopsmokingcigarettes.Anewstudy，publishedbythejournalScience，explainswhythishappens.Th

enewresearchexplainsthatnicotineappearstocombinewithappetite-regulatingneurons(调节食欲的神经元)inthebrain，besidestherecep

tors(感受器)thatbringaboutaddiction.Theseneuronshelpregulatehowmuchfoodgetsconsumed，butundertheinfluenceofnicotine，theylosetheirself-control.This

iswhywhensmokersquit，theytendtoeatmoreandgainweight.Theresearchersbelievethattheirdiscoverywillleadtothedevelopmentofdrugsthataimatnicotinerece

ptorsonbraincellsthatcontrolappetite.Inthefuture，weightgainmaynolongerbeareasonforsmokerstodelaythedecisi

ontokickthehabit，butthat’snoreasontowait.Nicotine-replacementtreatment，whilenotforeveryone，canhelp.Hereareafewmorewaystoquitsmokingandstaysli

m.Drinkwater.Toimprovemetabolic(新陈代谢的)rateswhichishelpfulinlosingweight，makehalfofthoseglassesicewater.Juicec

anbetoohighincalories，somethingyou’llwanttokeepaneyeonyourjourneytowardbeingaslimmernon-smoker.Planyoursnacks.Healthysnackshelpkeepyourmeta

bolismworking，soyoucontinuetoburncalorieswhilestoppingwildhungerpain，orfakehunger.Keepmoving.Exercisekillstwobirdswithonest

one.Ithelpsyouburncaloriesandpreventsyoufromeatingwhenyou’renottrulyhungry.It’salsoafeel-goodstressreliever(缓解物).Focusonyourfitnessandhowbeinghe

althymakesyoufeel.Makeexerciseagoalandthinkofquittingasyourrewardforbeingphysicallyfit.1.Whichofthef

ollowingchangespeople’sappetiteaccordingtothenewresearch?A.Nicotine.B.Appetite-regulatingneurons.C.Thereceptorsthatbr

ingaboutaddiction.D.Thefoodthathasbeenconsumed.2.Theauthorbelievesthat________.A.icewatercanimprovemetabolicratesB.smo

kersshouldeatfewersnackstokeepslimC.stresscanleadtofakehungerD.exercisecanhelponeeatless3.Accordingtothepassage，wecaninferthat________.A.e

xercisehelpsyouburncaloriesandmakesyounotwanttoeatB.speedingupmetabolicratesishelpfultoloseweightC.itisnicotinethatregulateshowmuchfoodgetsconsum

edD.drinkingwaterisgoodtoreducethestress4.Thepurposeofthetextis________.A.tointroducetheresultofanewstudyB.toexplainthereasonwhysmokersbecomeslimC.to

provethepossibilityofbeingaslimnon-smokerD.totelluswaystoquitsmokingwithoutgainingweightBPeoplewhokeepdoingsomeworkintheirfi

eldaftertheyretiremayenjoybetterphysicalandmentalhealththanthosewhostopworkingcompletelyorswitchtoanotherareaofwork，accordingtoa

U.S.study.ResearchersfromtheUniversityofMarylandsaidthatthefindingssuggestthatprospectiveretireesshouldconsidermovingintoso-called

“bridgeemployment”asatransition(过渡)tofullretirement.Fortheirstudy，Wangandhiscolleaguesuseddataonmorethan12，000worker

sinaU.S.healthstudybegunin1992.Overall，Wang’steamfoundthatpeoplewhowentintosomeformofbridgeemploymentwerere

portedtohavelowerratesofmajordiseaseslikehighbloodpressure，heartdisease，diabetes(糖尿病)andarthritis(关节炎)duringthestudyperio

dthantheircounterpartswhowentstraightintofullretirement.Ontopoftheirbetterphysicalhealth，“bridge”workersalsotendedtohavefewermentalhealthproblems

，suchasdepression.Thesamementalhealthbenefitswerenotseen，however，whenretireestookpart-timeworkinotherfields—possibly，Wangsaid，becauseman

yofthesepeoplemayhavetakenthosejobsoutoffinancialneedratherthanchoice.Henotedthatthelackofbenefitcouldalsostemfrom

thefactthattheseretireeshadtoadjusttoanunfamiliarjobpositionorhadtomakelifestylechanges.Bridgework，particularlyinone’saccustomedfield，maybenefitphy

sicalandmentalhealthforanumberofreasons，accordingtoWang.Ingeneral，heexplained，suchworkmayhelpolderadultsmaintaintheactivelifestyle

stheyhadduringtheircareersanddecreaseanystresstheymightfeelfromthetransitionintoretirement.Wangsaid，“Whenitcomestomentalheal

th，forinstance，bridgeworkmayhelpbyallowingpeopletokeepsomeofthe‘roleidentity’thattheyhaveformedovertheircareers.”St

ayingactiveingeneral，notonlythroughwork，canalsobenefitretirees’physicalhealth，Wangnoted.Headded，however，thatanymentalhe

althbenefitsarelikelytodependonthetypeofactivity—whetheritissomethingthatthepersontrulyenjoys，andthatitwillhelpeas

eanystressofmovingintoretirement.5.Whenretireestakepart-timejobsinunfamiliarfields，theywill________.A.belesslikel

ytohavediseasesthanthosewhodon’ttakeanyjobB.benefitasmuchasthosewhotakeajobintheaccustomedfieldsC.benefitnomorethanthosewhogostraightintof

ullretirementD.benefitmuchintheirmentalhealth6.Whichofthefollowingisnotapossiblereasonwhytheretireeswhotookjobsinotherfieldsbenefitedlessinme

ntalhealth?A.Theytooktheirjobsoutofearningmoney.B.Theywerenotaccustomedtothenewjob.C.Theyhadtoadjusttheirlifestyle.D.Theyregrettedhavingmadeawrongch

oice.7.Whatwouldbethebesttitleofthetext?A.WorkingafterretirementcanbegoodforyourhealthB.Howtokeephealthyafterretirement?C.Thew

aysoffindingbridgeworkD.Thebestwaytorelax8.Whichofthefollowingistrueof“bridgework”？A.Itmustbeapart-timejob.B.Itcanbelongtotheretirees’unfa

miliarfield.C.Itcancertainlybringcomforttoretireesinmentality.D.Itcan’thelptoeasethestresstheretireesmightfeel.CIt’stoughtoconnectwithnatureatthis

timeofyear.Yourdaysarespentunderartificiallightsinaroom，whilethelastofautumn’sflowersarehiddenbeneathpilesoffallenleaves.

NDD，ornaturedeficit(不足)disorder，hasbecomehotlately.Althoughit’snotarecognizedmedicalcondition，concernsaboutitseffectsonhealtha

reattractingwidespreadattention.“Iguessit’sasymptomofthecurrentlifestyle，”saysDrRossCameronofSheffieldUniversity.“We’resoabsorbedinmodern

technologyandthingsthatwe’relessobservantoftheworldaroundusandwe’remorelikelytolearnaboutwildlifefromthemediat

hanfromawalkinthewoods.”RichardLouvcoinedthephrase“naturedeficitdisorder”inhisbookLastChildintheWoods.Hearguesthatallofus，especiallychildren，

arespendingmoretimeindoors，whichmakesusseparatefromnature.DrCamerongavehisviewsonthesubjectinalecturethismonth.“Thephrasehasbeenusedtodescr

ibethethingwhereweusedtohavenaturalprocessesandnaturalexperienceinourlife，andthatseemstobebecominglessc

ommon，”hesaid.“Anygreenenvironment—frompotplantstoweeds—canprovidegreenspacethatattractswildlifeandexposespeopletothebenefitsofthenaturalworld.Andif

wedon’texperiencenaturalplaces，thiscanbebadforourmentalhealth.”“Asbiologicalbeingsweareadaptedtobeinacertaingreenenvironment—torun，toplay，tohuntandto

beactivebasically，”saidDrCameron，“Therealityiswetendtositformostoftheday.”9.WhatisthecommonconcernaboutNDD?A.Howtoconnectwithnat

ure.B.Whattodowithfallenleaves.C.Howitaffectspeople’shealth.D.Whatthelatesthotwordactuallyis.10.Whichofthefollowingcanreplacetheun

derlinedword“coined”inParagraph4?A.Created.B.Repeated.C.Hid.D.Observed.11.WhatdidDrCameronsuggestdoinginthetext?A.GivingourownviewsonNDD.B.B

ringingnaturebackintoourlife.C.Sittinginaroomformostoftheday.D.Providingabetterenvironmentforwildlife.Ⅱ.七选五Haveyoue

verhadtimesquestioningyourselfandfeelingdiscouraged?Ifyouansweryes，whatyou’veexperiencedisnegativeself-talk.__1__.Yousaytoyours

elfuntruethingslike，“I’mnotgoodenough.I’madisappointment.”Thesefalsebeliefsstopusinourtracks.So，howdoyoustopthenegativeself-talk?·__2__Knowyou’res

pecial.Youare“OneofaKind”！Thereisnootherpersonthatthinksexactlylikeyou.Whenyoubegintosincerelybelievehowspecialyouare，it’seasiertofightthenegativesel

f-talk.·ChangeyourassociationsYournegativeself-talkcomesfromyourenvironment.Youdidn’tjustaccidentallywakeuponedaythinkingof

badthingsaboutyourself.Itmaybebecausesomeone，somewhereinyourlife，hastoldyounegativethingsaboutyouandwhetheryouacceptitornot，youbelievethem.However，i

fyousurroundyourselfwiththerightpeople，theywillbuildyouup，inspireyouandmakeyoufeelbetter.__3__.·ChangeyourdialogueR

eadandsayallthewonderfulthingsaboutyourselfatleast5timesperday.Lookatyourselfinthemirrorandsay，“Iamamazing！”__4__，andyou’llbelieveyouareawesomepretty

soon.Ofcourse，thereareotherthingstostopnegativeself-talk.__5__，butifyouaredeterminedtothinkpositivelyineverysituation

，thatwillbringapositivechangeinyourlife.A.ThinkthesamewayB.ChangeisnoteasyC.ChangeyourpositionD.ItbeginsinyourbrainE.ChangeyourstateofmindF.Y

ou’llseekouttherightpeopletohelpchangeyourthoughtsG.You’llstarttobelievethegreatthingstheytellyoulittlebylittle