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文体分类练(六)议论文(限时:25分钟)Passage1(2023山东聊城一模)AnimportantlifelessonthatI’vedrawnfromrunningistorunatmyownpace.Ithasguidedmeinmanyways.Inpar

ticular,itmademechallengethefixedexpectationsofretirementandaging.Runningisametaphor(隐喻)forlife.Irealizedthiswhiletrainingforamarathontoceleb

ratemy60thbirthday.Alltheotherrunnersbeingfasterthanmemademeembarrassed.Butmycoachsharedsomevaluableadvice:run

atyourownbestpace.Settingagoalortargettimecouldbealimitation.Hewasright.Overtime,Iranmoreeasilyandfaster

.Ialsoenjoyedtheexperiencemuchmore.Ihaveappliedthisprincipletootherareasofmylife.Findingarhythmisnotaboutefficiencyorhowmanything

sIcangetdoneinaday.IthasmoretodowithwhatIdecidetodoatthisstageinmylife.Runningcarriesitsownsetofexpectations,includingwhatitmeanstobeastrong

runner.Butexpectationsalsoextendtootherareasoflife,includingwhatpeopleatcertainlifestagesshouldbedoingor

notdoing.Expectationsatmyagecancenteronhowleisuretimeisspent,decisionsaboutemployment,andeventheroleofag

randmother.Iusedtothinkitwasyoungpeoplewhoborepeerpressure,butit’seasytoviewretirementasanotheroccupationwithbenchmarks(基准)tobemet

.Weoftenmakewhatsomeoneelsedoesthereferencepoint.It’sacomparisontrap.Forgetwhatothersaredoing.Theirpaceisnotnecessarilythepacey

oushouldrunat.Runinyourownway.It’snotbetterorworse—onlydifferent.1.Whatdoestheauthorintendtotellinparagraph2?A.The

originofalifeprinciple.B.Hermisunderstandingofrunning.C.Theimportanceoflifeexpectations.D.Herunpleasanttrainingexperien

ce.2.Whatdoestheauthorthinkaboutlifeexpectations?A.Theyarevitalforretiredpeople.B.Theyvaryatdifferentlifestages.C.Theycovereverydecisioni

nlife.D.Theyareusuallytoohightofulfill.3.Whatcanweinferfromparagraph5?A.Youngpeopleoftencompetewitholdpeople.B.Re

tiredpeopletakeupbadoccupations.C.Retiredpeoplearealsounderpeerpressure.D.Acomparisontrapmakesyoungpeoplestronger.4.

Whatmessagedoestheauthormainlywanttoconvey?A.Retirementcan’tstopoldpeople’sdreams.B.Peopleshouldlivelifetothefullest.C.Peopleshouldliveatthe

irownspeed.D.Runningatafixedpaceisbeneficialtoretiredpeople.Passage2(2023河北保定一模)Thetwotermsnatureandnurturehave

beensubjectsofcomparisonsincethe16thcentury.Theargumentiscenteredonthequestionastowhetheritisnatureornurturethatmakesuswhow

eare.Natureprovidesthestartingpointforanorganismthatwillinteractwithnurture,theenvironment,duringtheorganism’slife.Naturedoesnotjustaffec

tanorganismduringitslifetime,butitalsocandirectlyaffecttheexpressionofgenesinoffspring(后代).Forthegeneticists,theybelievethatourlivesareentirely

determinedbygenetics,whichisnature.Anopposingviewisthatthereisnoindicationthatgenes(基因)determineone’spersonality,ratherthereisgrowingevidencet

hatnurtureservesasthedeterminingfactorinpersonalitydevelopment.Nurturereferstotheconditionsunderwhichlivingthingsgrowanddevelopafterbirth.When

appliedtohumanbeings,itmeanshowthepersonisraised,whichincludesnutrition,education,care,aswellasthekindofsurrounding

s,suchasculturalinfluence,familyandfriends.Theargumentofnatureandnurtureastowhichismoreimportantisnecessitatedbyanattempttodiff

erentiatehowmucheffectgeneticshasonaperson’sdevelopmentagainsthoweasilyhumansareinfluencedbyone’senvironment.Whilenurtureundeniabl

yplaysitspartonthegrowthanddevelopmentofone’spersonality,naturedramaticallyoutweighsnurture,fornaturecanbe

likenedtoafoundation.Theimpactofnurtureonthedevelopmentofpersonscannotbetotallydenied.However,natureisregardedasbeingo

fmostimportancebecauseofthefactthatitaffordsanopportunityandcreatesafoundationandthebasisforthequestionofnurturetoarisea

ttheveryfirstinstance.Evenwithoutnurture,thenatureimpactcanstillstandindependentlywithoutnecessarilycausingdestruction.Moreso,evenwhenthen

urtureimpactissuccessfullyeffected,itdoesnotremovethegeneticcharacteristicsofaperson.Itthereforestandscorrectlythatnatureisthatwhichdetermine

sthesubstanceofaperson.5.Whatcanwelearnfromparagraph2?A.Nature’sroleissupportedbyadditionalevidence.B.Personalitydevelopmentisdeterminedbynurtu

re.C.Natureimpactsgeneexpressioninlatergeneration.D.Environmentshapespersonalitymorethangenetics.6.Whatdoesparagraph3mainlytalkabout?A.Whatnur

turemeanstohumanbeings.B.Howlivingthingsdevelopafterbirth.C.Hownurtureshapeshumandevelopment.D.Howsurroundingsinfluencehuman

beings.7.Howdoestheauthorstressthegreaterimportanceofnature?A.Bygivingexamples.B.Bymakingcontrast.C.Byconductingexperiments

.D.Bycitingresearchdata.8.Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?A.ALongStoryofNatureandNurtureB.ANewResearchonNatureandNurtureC.WhoC

anTellWhatMakesWhoWeAre?D.WhichIsMoreImportant,NatureorNurture?Passage3(2023福建漳州三模)Thismonth,theInternetwasfloodedwithwonderfuldigitalartportraits,th

ankstotheworkofthelatestartificialintelligence-assistedapplicationtogoviral:Lensa.Usersuploadedtheirphotogra

phstotheAppandthen—forasmallfee—itusedAItotransformtheirprofilepicturesinto,say,amagicalwarriorprincessversionofthemselves,innotimeatall.

ThisyearhasseenabreakthroughforAI-drivenimagegenerators,whicharenowbetterthaneverinquality,speedandaffordability.Ifthatsoundsg

reattoyou,youmightnotbeoneofthemillionsofhumanswhoselivelihoodsdependonbeingabletoexchangethoseskillsformoney.Someartistspredi

ctedthatacomputerwouldrecreatetheauraofamasterpiecebyLeonardodaVinciinthenearfuture.Aslongasthereareenoughdataforth

eAItotrainitself,itcancopynumerousmasterpiecesjustinseveralminutes.Itseemsunavoidablethatalargenumberofartistsw

ouldlosetheirjobs.“Iseeitlessasathreatandmoreofanopportunity,”theUK-basedillustratorMichelleThompsonsaid,adding,“Likeeverythingelse,th

erewillalwaysbeartistswhocanusethetoolsbetter.”Thesetoolsareonlyasgoodasthedatasetstheyaretrainedon.Humanimagination,onth

eotherhand,hasnolimit.ForDryhurst,anartistfromGermany,AImodels“couldattempttomakeapaleversionofsomethingwedidyearsago”,butthat“doesn

’taccountforwhatwemightdonext”.Thekindofartificialintelligencewemightimaginereplacingartists—anentirelyautonomouscreativ

erobot—doesnotyetexist,butitiscoming.AndasAIbecomesmoreuniversal,artists,illustratorsanddesignerswillultimat

elybesetapartnotbyif,butbyhow,theyusethetechnology.9.WhydoestheauthormentionLensainparagraph1?A.TorecommendthenewApp.B.Toinformlate

stnews.C.ToleadintheAItopic.D.Tointroduceitsnewfunction.10.WhatisMichelleThompson’sattitudetowardsAI?A.Concerned.B.Favorable.C.Unclear.D.

Critical.11.WhatmightbeaweaknessofAIincreatingartworks?A.Accuracy.B.Diversity.C.Creativity.D.Efficiency.12.Whichcanbethebes

ttitleforthetext?A.IsAIcomingintoourdailylife?B.CanAIcopymasterpiecesofgreatartists?C.ShallwewelcomenewAItechnology?D.WillAIreplaceartists

inthefuture?答案：Passage1[语篇解读]本文是一篇议论文。文章主要论述了作者认为每个人的人生应该有自己的节奏,而不是按照别人的期望生活。1.A主旨大意题。根据第二段内容可知,作者在第二段想说生命原理的起源。2.B细节理解题。根据

第四段中的“Butexpectationsalsoextendtootherareasoflife,includingwhatpeopleatcertainlifestagesshouldbedoingornotdoi

ng.Expectationsatmyagecancenteronhowleisuretimeisspent,decisionsaboutemployment,andeventheroleofagrandmoth

er.”可知,作者认为生活期望在不同的人生阶段有所不同。3.C推理判断题。根据第五段“Iusedtothinkitwasyoungpeoplewhoborepeerpressure,butit’sea

sytoviewretirementasanotheroccupationwithbenchmarkstobemet.”可推知,退休人员也面临同辈压力。4.C推理判断题。根据最后一段“Forgetwhatothersaredoing.Theirpaceisnotnece

ssarilythepaceyoushouldrunat.Runinyourownway.It’snotbetterorworse—onlydifferent.”可推知,作者主要想传达的信息是人们应该按照自己的节奏生活。Passage2[语篇解读]本文是一篇议论文。先天和后天这

两个术语自16世纪以来一直是被比较的主题。文章论述了究竟是先天还是后天造就了我们。5.C细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Natureprovidesthestartingpointforanorganismthatwill

interactwithnurture,theenvironment,duringtheorganism’slife.Naturedoesnotjustaffectanorganismduringitslifetime,butitalsocandirectlyaffectth

eexpressionofgenesinoffspring.”可知,先天影响后代的基因表达。6.A主旨大意题。根据第三段“Nurturereferstotheconditionsunderwhichlivingthingsgrowanddevelopafterbirth.Whenap

pliedtohumanbeings,itmeanshowthepersonisraised,whichincludesnutrition,education,care,aswellasthekindofsurroundings,suchascultural

influence,familyandfriends.”可知,第三段主要讨论了后天对人类意味着什么。7.B推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“Whilenurtureundeniablyplaysitspartonthegrowthanddevelo

pmentofone’spersonality,naturedramaticallyoutweighsnurture,fornaturecanbelikenedtoafoundation.Theimpactofnurtureonthedevelopmentofpersons

cannotbetotallydenied.However,natureisregardedasbeingofmostimportancebecauseofthefactthatitaffordsanopportunityandcreatesafoundationandthebasis

forthequestionofnurturetoariseattheveryfirstinstance.”可推知,作者通过对比强调了先天的重要性。8.D主旨大意题。根据第一段“Thetwotermsnatureandnurturehavebeensubjectsofco

mparisonsincethe16thcentury.Theargumentiscenteredonthequestionastowhetheritisnatureornurturethatmakes

uswhoweare.”及下文论述可知,文章主要论述了究竟是先天还是后天造就了我们。由此可知,WhichIsMoreImportant,NatureorNurture?适合作文章最佳标题。Passage3[语篇解读]本文是一篇议论文。文章就未来人工智能是否会

取代艺术家展开讨论。9.C推理判断题。根据文章第一段内容和第二段中的“ThisyearhasseenabreakthroughforAI-drivenimagegenerators,whicharenowbetterthaneverinquality,speed

andaffordability.”可知,作者在第一段提到Lensa是为了引起人工智能这个话题。10.B推理判断题。根据文章第四段内容可知,MichelleThompson认为这是一种机会。由此可推知,他对人工

智能持支持的态度。11.C推理判断题。根据文章倒数第二段“Thesetoolsareonlyasgoodasthedatasetstheyaretrainedon.Humanimagination,onth

eotherhand,hasnolimit.”可推知,创造力可能是人工智能在创作艺术作品时的弱点。12.D主旨大意题。根据文章最后一段“Thekindofartificialintelligencewemightimagine

replacingartists—anentirelyautonomouscreativerobot—doesnotyetexist,butitiscoming.”可知,文章主要就未来人工智能是否会取代艺术家展开讨论。词

汇积累:1.(Passage1)pacen.步速;节奏2.(Passage1)centeron集中于3.(Passage1)view...as...把……看作……4.(Passage1)comparisonn.比较

5.(Passage1)trapn.陷阱6.(Passage2)asto置于,关于,就……而论7.(Passage2)arisevi.出现8.(Passage3)befloodedwith充斥着9.(Passage3)threatn.威胁10.(Pa

ssage3)accountfor对……做出解释,说明……的原因熟词生义:(Passage1)drawvt.获得,得到长难句分析:(Passage3)Ifthatsoundsgreattoyou,youmightnotbeoneofthemi

llionsofhumanswhoselivelihoodsdependonbeingabletoexchangethoseskillsformoney.分析:本句为复合句。Ifthatsoundsgreattoyou为if引导的条件状语从句;wh

oselivelihoodsdependonbeingabletoexchangethoseskillsformoney为whose引导的定语从句。句意:如果(你感觉)这听起来很棒,那么你可能不是数百万人中的一员,他们的生计依赖于能

够用这些技能换取金钱。