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考点分类练(四)推理判断题(2)(限时:25分钟)Passage1(2023安徽淮南二模)FromthetimeIwasayounggirl,allIwantedwastoplayoutside.Iused

theferns(蕨类植物)inmychildhoodbackyardtoraisemyselfupmuddyPacificNorthwestslopes(斜坡),satbytheedgeofthepro

perty’swoodedstreamandimagineditwasawindingriver.Hourswerespentonhorseback,preparedwithbagsandsnackstoridethesamepathoverandover,alwaysdreamingup

anewexperience.Asanadult,myinterestsareconsistent,thoughthelandscapehasshifted.Forthelastfouryears,Ihave

hadtheopportunitytoexploreourEarth’smostremotecoldwaterlocationsasanunderwatervideographerandocean-focusednaturalist,developingan

appreciationandunderstandingforchallengingcornersoftheglobe.ThoughmytravelshavetakenmefromAntarcticatotheArctic,it’

sthetemperatein-betweenthatcaptivatesme.Duringthelastfouryears,SoutheastAlaska,particularlytheInianIslandsinitsincrediblewildnessandprodu

ctivity,hasstolenmyattention.MynameisAlyssaAdler,IamtheInianIslandsInstitute’s2019ScientistinResidenceandNationalGeographicgrantrecipientforpro

jectTallTreesinColdSeas.ThenaturalbeautyoftheIniansispure,buttheenvironmentworksforit.Massiverushingtides(潮水)floodtheHobbitHol

etwicedaily,likeanangryriver.SometimesIlearnsomemeaningfulandusefullessonsthehardway.Transportationofextensivediveequipmentrequiredthehelpofpeople

inKetchikan,Gustavusandotherplaces.Theselessonsonlyallowmyrespectforthisregiontothefull,teachingmehowtobesucc

essful.IneedtolearnandunderstandthepowerandnetworkofSoutheastAlaska,bothinthewaterandout.It’sallworthittorollintot

hesaltyPacificOcean,turnonmycamerasasIsinktotheseafloor,andshinemylightsonearlyspringintheInianIslands.1.Whatisthepurposeofthefirstparagraph?A

.Toshareanamazingstory.B.Tointroduceauniqueplant.C.Tosuggestaspecialriver.D.Toexplaintheauthor’swish.2.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“captivate

”meaninparagraph2?A.Surprise.B.Discourage.C.Worry.D.Attract.3.WhatdoyouthinkofAlyssaAdler’sjob?A.Boring.

B.Demanding.C.Challenging.D.Well-paid.4.Whatmessagedoesthetextconvey?A.Lovebreaksdownbarriers.B.Hardworkfinallypaysoff.C.Upsanddow

nsmakeonestrong.D.Enthusiasmfuelsdevotion.Passage2(2023广东湛江二模)AsyouwalkaroundtheUKinMarch,youmightnoticethatsomepeoplearewearingadaffo

dil(水仙花)ontheircoats.TheBritishweartheseyellowflowerstoshowtheysupportoneofthiscountry’sbest-knowncharities

:theMarieCurieCancerCare.TheMarieCurieCancerCaretriestoensureeveryonediagnosedwithcanceriscaredforinthebestpossibl

eway.Italsohelpsfundresearchintopossiblecuresthroughotherorganizations.Foundedin1948,ithasbeencontinuingwithitsgoalever

since.ThecharitywasnamedafterMarieCurie,arenownedscientist.Sheexperimentedwithnewly-discoveredelementstocreatethetheoryofradi

oactivity.Unfortunately,over-exposuretotheradioactiveelementsmadeherdevelopadiseaseanddiein1934.MarieCuriewontheNobelPrize

intwodifferentfields.Becauseofherpioneeringworkwhichledtochemotherapy(化学疗法),thecharitysharedthenameofMarieCurie.Thedaffodili

soneofthefirstplantstoflowerduringspringintheUK,whichmarksthereturnoffloweringplantstotheecosystemaft

erwinter.Becauseofthis,thecharityusesthedaffodilasametaphorforbringinglifetootherpeoplethroughcharitablegiving.Everyoneyouseewearingadaffod

ilhasdonatedmoneytothecharity,buteachdaffodilisworthonlywhatyouwanttopayforit.Thecharitydoesaskthatyousticktoaminimumamountof￡1.

ThecharityencouragespeopletostartwearingtheirdaffodilsatthestartofMarch,whenthe“GreatDaffodilAppeal”kic

ksoff.Butthatdoesn’tmeanyoucanonlyweartheminMarch.Peoplearesometimesseenwalkingaroundwithdaffodilsontheirclothe

sallyearround.5.WhatdoesitmeanwhentheBritishwearadaffodilontheircoats?A.Theysupportacharity.B.Theyarerecoveringfromcancer.C.They’vebeenhelpedbyacha

rity.D.They’vebeendiagnosedwithcancer.6.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“renowned”inparagraph3mean?A.Beautiful.B.Modest.C.Famou

s.D.Humorous.7.WhywasthecharitynamedafterMarieCurie?A.Becausepatientsrequiredthat.B.Becauseitwaslaunchedbyher.C.Becauseshegreatlysup

portedit.D.Becauseitcouldshowrespectforher.8.Whatcanwelearnaboutthedaffodilfromthetext?A.Itcanbeusedasmedicine.B.It’sthoug

httostandforhope.C.It’swidelywornworldwide.D.It’ssoldtothewearersatahighprice.Passage3(2023陕西渭南一模)Manystudieshavesho

wnthelearning-by-teachingeffect.Studentswhospendtimeteachingwhatthey’velearnedshowbetterunderstandingandabilitytorememberknowledgethanstude

ntswhosimplyspendthesametimere-studying.Butwhydoesteachinghelp?Researchersdidastudytotesttheirideathatteachingimprovestheteacher’slearning

becauseitforcestheteachertofindbackwhatthey’velearned.Theyasked124studentstospendtenminutesstudyinga

textwithnumbersonatopicwhichiscompletelynewtothem.Theytoldthestudentstheycouldtakenoteswhilestudying,butwould

teachthematerialafterwardswithoutnotes.Afterstudyingthetext,thestudentsweredividedintofourgroups.Inonegroupthestudentsspentfiveminut

esgivingalessononthestudymaterialwithoutnotes.Theothergroupseitherspentthesametimecompletingarithmetic(算术)problems,teachi

ngwithascript(讲稿)orwritingdownalltheycouldrememberfromthetext—aformofrecallingpractice.Aweeklater,allthestudentstookasurprisetestoft

heirknowledgeandunderstandingofthetext.Theimportantfindingisthattheteaching-without-notesgroupandtherecalling-practiceg

roupperformedbetterthanthegroupthatcompletedarithmeticproblemsandthegroupthattaughtwithascript.Theresearcherssaidtheresultshowsthatthebene

fitsofthelearning-by-teachingmethodarecausedbyrecallingpractice;thatis,thelearning-by-teachingmethodworksonlywhentheteachingincludesrecal

lingthetaughtmaterials.Thenewfindingshaveapracticalsuggestionforhowthelearning-by-teachingmethodisusedineducation.Inordertomakesurethatstudentslearna

ndrememberaneducationalmaterial,theyshouldinternalize(内化)thematerialbeforepresentingittoothers,ratherthandependonnotesduring

thepresentationprocess.9.Whydoestheauthorgiveaquestioninparagraph1?A.Tolookforreaders’answer.B.Tointroducethetopic.C.Tokeepasenseofmystery.D.Toshow

offhisknowledge.10.Whatisparagraph2mainlyabout?A.Whythestudystarted.B.Howthestudywasdone.C.Howmanypeople

joinedinthestudy.D.Whatconclusiontheresearchersmade.11.Whatshouldbestressedinschooleducationaccordin

gtotheauthor?A.Previewing-by-teaching.B.Note-taking.C.Learning-by-teaching.D.Mind-mapping.12.Whereisthetextprobablyfro

m?A.Ahistorytextbook.B.Anewspaper.C.Aguideline.D.Adetectivenovel.答案：Passage1[语篇解读]本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。作者讲述了自己对于工作的热情,尽

管工作充满挑战,仍旧充满激情。1.D推理判断题。根据第一段“FromthetimeIwasayounggirl...satbytheedgeoftheproperty’swoodedstreamandimagineditwasawindingriver.”可

知,本段主要讲述了作者的愿望,其目的是解释作者的愿望。2.D词义猜测题。根据第二段的“ThoughmytravelshavetakenmefromAntarcticatotheArctic”可知,主从句是转折关系,因此推断此处意为“吸引我的是中间的温和性”。故画线词与D项“

吸引”意思相近。3.C推理判断题。根据最后一段的“SometimesIlearnsomemeaningfulandusefullessonsthehard...seafloor,andshinemylightsonearlyspringintheInianIslands.”可知,Alyssa

Adler工作不容易,有时候很艰难。由此推知,AlyssaAdler的工作具有挑战性。4.D推理判断题。根据第二段的“Hourswerespentonhorseback,preparedwithbagsa

ndsnackstoridethesamepathoverandover,alwaysdreamingupanewexperience.Asanadult,myinterestsareconsistent,thoughthelandscap

ehasshifted.”可知,作者对旅行充满激情;结合第三段的“It’sallworthittorollintothesaltyPacificOcean,turnonmycamerasasIsinktotheseafloor,andshine

mylightsonearlyspringintheInianIslands.”可推断,作者对工作的激情激发了奉献精神。Passage2[语篇解读]本文是一篇说明文。在三月,很多英国人会戴着水仙花,以此来表示他们支持一个慈善

机构:玛丽·居里癌症护理中心。文章介绍了该慈善机构,科学家居里夫人及其成就。5.A细节理解题。根据第一段第二句“TheBritishweartheseyellowflowerstoshowtheysupportoneofthisco

untry’sbest-knowncharities:theMarieCurieCancerCare.”可知,英国人在外套上戴水仙花代表支持一个慈善机构。6.C词句猜测题。根据画线词上文“ThecharitywasnamedafterMarieCurie,”和后文“Becauseofh

erpioneeringworkwhichledtochemotherapy,thecharitysharedthenameofMarieCurie.”可知,科学家玛丽·居里很出名,画线单词意为“著名的”。7.D推理判断题。根据第三段的“Becauseofherpi

oneeringworkwhichledtochemotherapy,thecharitysharedthenameofMarieCurie.”可知,该慈善机构以MarieCurie命名是为了对这位伟大的科学家表示尊敬。8.B推

理判断题。根据第四段最后一句“Becauseofthis,thecharityusesthedaffodilasametaphorforbringinglifetootherpeoplethroughcharitablegiving.”

可知,水仙花被认为代表着希望。Passage3[语篇解读]本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了一项重要的研究,研究发现学生在教学中学习更有助于增强学习效果。9.B推理判断题。根据第一段第二句话“Studentswhospendtimeteachingwhatthey’velearned

showbetterunderstandingandabilitytorememberknowledgethanstudentswhosimplyspendthesametimere-studying.”和第二段第一句话可知,本篇文

章主要讲述在教学中学习更能增强学生的学习效果。由此可知,第一段提出问题的原因在于进一步介绍本篇文章的主题。故选B项。10.B主旨大意题。根据第二段中的“Theyasked124studentstospendtenminutesstudyingatextwithnu

mbersonatopicwhichiscompletelynewtothem.”“Afterstudyingthetext,thestudentsweredividedintofourgroups.”以及“Aweeklater,allthestudentstookasurprisetestof

theirknowledgeandunderstandingofthetext.”可知,第二段主要介绍实验的过程,也就是这个实验是怎么做的。故选B项。11.C推理判断题。根据最后一段可知,作者认为在教学中学习有利于教育实践,学生应

该在教学中学习。由此可推知,在学校教育中,应该强调的是在教学中学习。故选C项。12.B推理判断题。文章主要讲述了一项重要的研究,研究发现学生在教学中学习更有助于增强学习效果。所以此文章最有可能出自报纸。故选B项。词汇积累:1.(Pa

ssage1)overandover反复,再三2.(Passage1)dreamup虚构出,凭空想出3.(Passage1)consistentadj.始终如一的,一贯的4.(Passage1)incredibleadj.难以置信的5.(Passage1)tothefull充分地,

完全地6.(Passage2)bediagnosedwith被诊断为7.(Passage2)benamedafter以……命名8.(Passage2)stickto遵守9.(Passage3)takenotes

记笔记10.(Passage3)presentv.展现,显示熟词生义:1.(Passage1)stealvt.赢得2.(Passage2)flowervi.开花长难句分析:(Passage3)Studentswhospendtimeteachingwhatthey’vele

arnedshowbetterunderstandingandabilitytorememberknowledgethanstudentswhosimplyspendthesametimere-studying.

分析:本句为复合句。whospendtimeteachingwhatthey’velearned为定语从句,修饰先行词Students;其中what引导宾语从句,what在从句中作learned的宾语;and为并列连词,连接并列的宾语betterundersta

nding和ability;torememberknowledge为动词不定式作定语,修饰ability;whosimplyspendthesametimere-studying为定语从句,修饰先行词students。句意:花时间

教授他们所学知识的学生比那些只花同样时间重新学习的学生表现出更好的理解和记忆能力。