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考点分类练(一)细节理解题(1)(限时:25分钟)Passage1(2023广东广州一模)Summeriscoming.Areyoulookingforapart-timejob?Herearesomepossibleoptions.LifeguardAreyouastrongswimmeran

dagoodcommunicator?Wouldyoulikeachallenge?Wearelookingforlifeguardsforourbusysummerseason.Noexperienceisnecessaryasyouwillgettwoweeksoftraini

ngbeforeyoustartthejob.Aswellasbeingphysicallyfit,youneedtobeavailableforworkfromMondaytoFriday,7-11a.m.Storea

ssistantWearelookingforstoreassistantsforourbusygiftstore.Applicantsneedtobereliable,friendly,andenjoyspeakingtocustomers.Aseco

ndlanguageispreferredasmanyofourcustomersaretouristsfromothercountries.Thepositionsarepart-timeandyouneedtoworkfromThursdaytoSunday,10a.m.-4p.m.Fa

shiondesignerAreyouinterestedinthelateststyles?Areyoucreativeandgoodatart?Ifso,Dresswiseislookingforayoungpersontocreat

enewlooksforourteendepartment.Thisisagreatopportunitytogainexperienceintheclothingindustry.Youwillneedtowo

rkfourdaysaweekandwe’llpayyouforeachdesignweuse.We’llalsogiveyousamplesofyourdesignstowear.GametesterAreyouintotechnolo

gyandcreative?Wouldyouliketoplayandtesteducationalgamesandgetpaidforit?Thisisanexcitingpart-timejobforsomebodywholovesplayinggames.Weofferflexible

hours.Ifthisisforyou,writeadescriptionofyourfavoritegameandwhyyoulikeitinnomorethan150words.Ifyouareinterestedinanyoftheabovejobs,plea

secontactusatstudentunion@campus.com.1.Whatisasharedrequirementforthelifeguardandstoreassistant?A.Communicativeability.B.Asecondlanguage.C.P

rofessionalexperience.D.Astrongbody.2.Whichjobcanyouapplyforifyoucanonlyworkonweekends?A.Lifeguard.B.Storeassist

ant.C.Fashiondesigner.D.Gametester.3.Whatcanyougetfromthejobasafashiondesigner?A.Samplesofthelateststyles.B.Paymentforeachofyourdes

igns.C.Experienceinthefashionindustry.D.Chancestodesignclothesforadults.Passage2(2023福建泉州三模)StudentsatSummitElementaryScho

olinButler,Pennsylvaniaaregrowingmorethantheirminds.UndertheguidanceoftheirteacherAngelaEyth,they’vecreatedaproductiveg

arden.“Thekidsareinchargeofeverything,”Eythsays.Eythandherstudentslaunchedthegardeningprojectin2020aftertheteachera

ttendedaconferenceonhowtoincludelessonsaboutfarmingintheclassroom.Thencamethegarden.With16acresofschooldistrict-owned

landaroundtheirbuilding,therewasplentyofroom.Theprojectisnowtwoyearsold,andgoesbeyondplantingandgrowing:Eythandherfelloweducatorsstructureless

onsinscience,mathandmorearoundtheirgarden.“Whenwegrewcabbagesmystudentsnoticedsomethingwaseatingtheleaves,”Eythrecalls.“Thisledtoaninvestigationonf

iguringoutwhatwaseatingitandhowtostopit:thekidsanalyzedtheevidencetheyfoundandactedasengineersincreatingwaystokeepinsectsoutofthecabbagebeds.Inthe4

thgrade,weletthestudentsoutsidetoestimatethenumberofbeanpods(豆荚)theyfind.”Eythcontinues,“Peoplethinkg

ardeningshouldbeseparatefromcoresubjectsbutit’sfarfromthetruth.Thekids’curiositykeepsitrolling.”Thekidsalsokeeptheproducerolling—Somuchsot

hatwitha$70,000donationfromRemakeLearning/GrableFoundation,they’reusingthatmoneytobuildagreenhouseattheir

school.ThefundshelpthemlaunchanoutdoorclassroomandopenafarmstandingatBroadStreetthatbringsfreshfruits,vegetables,herbsandmoret

oanareaoftheircommunitywhereaffordablefreshproduceishardtofindthere.Suchareasareoftencalled“fooddeserts.”“Ourstudentsdiscoverthevalueofsharingtheirh

arvestwiththecommunitysurroundingnearbyBroadStreetElementarySchool,”saysEyth.“They’resoproudofwhatwe’redoinghere.”4.Whatis

thepurposeoftheproject?A.Topreparestudentsforcareerplanning.B.Toseeknewwaysofvegetablegrowing.C.Toallows

tudentstolearnbygardening.D.Toencouragestudentstogetclosetonature.5.Whatdotheteachersdowiththeprojectatpresent?A.Expandthefarminglan

d.B.Integraterelevantsubjects.C.Investigateinsects’activities.D.Estimatethenumberofvegetables.6.Whatcanw

eknowabouttheproject?A.Itwaslaunchedbytheschoolboard.B.Itsexperiencewasintroducedataconference.C.Itbuiltagreenhousein

the“fooddesert”areas.D.Itsproducebenefitsthecommunityaround.7.Whatdothestudentsthinkoftheproject?A.Itistir

esome.B.Itrequirescreativity.C.Itisrewarding.D.Itneedsmoredonations.Passage3(2023陕西西安二模)Childhoodobesity(肥胖)isn’tonlycause

dbyovereating.Alotofenvironmentalandlifestylevariables—suchasskippingbreakfast,irregularsleepingpatternsandlesssleeptime—alsoc

ontributetowardsthisdisturbingtrend,saysanewstudy.AccordingtothestudyconductedbyUniversityCollegeLondon’sresearchers,childrenwhoskipb

reakfastandsleeplessaremorelikelytohavebiggerappetitesandtendtoconsumemoreenergy-richfoodsthroughouttheday,leadingtoexcessiveweightgain.Theteamalsofo

undthatsmokinghabitofmothersduringpregnancy(怀孕)isalsooneofthecontributoryfactorsforachildbeingoverweig

ht.Interestingly,theseresultschallengetheconventionalbeliefthatover-eatingisthemaincauseofincreasingobesityratesamongchild

ren.Inaddition,factorslikewatchingtoomuchtelevision,consumingsugarydrinks,eatingfruitsandintroducingsolidfoodsoonerdon’tcer

tainlyleadtochildhoodobesity.Theresearchersuseddatafromamulti-disciplinaryresearchprojectthattracksthelivesofchildrenf

rom19,244familiesacrosstheUK,bornfromSeptember2020toJanuary,2021.Afteranalyzingthedata,theyfoundthatintheUK,83.3%ofnewbabieshadnon-overwe

ightandstableBMI(身体质量指数).Only1%hadamildlyincreasingBMI,whileanother2.5%tendedtohaveasharplyincreasingBMI.Ho

wever,duetopoorlifestylechoicesandenvironmentalfactors,6%ofthechildrenwerealreadyoverweightwhentheywerethreeyearsold.Thestudya

uthorsconcludedthatmodifying(更改)achild’senvironmentearlyinlifecangoalongwayinreducingtheirchancesofgainingabnormalwei

ght,whichcanalsoaffecttheirhealthinlateryears.Theresearchersrecommendedthatdealingwiththechildhoodobe

sitycallsforamixtureofpreventiveactions,forexample,creatingawarenessamongthefamiliesaroundthebenefitsofahealthylifes

tyleandalsoinstructingandsupportingparentsthroughoutthepregnancy,andevenbeforeandafterit.8.Whatisparagraph2mainlyabout?A.Theeffectofchildhoodobesit

y.B.Theirregularlifestyleofchildren.C.Thenewtrendofsocialdevelopment.D.Thecausesofchildrenbeingoverweight.9

.Whatdopeopleusuallythinkleadstochildhoodobesity?A.Sleepinglessandskippingbreakfast.B.WatchingtoomuchTVandplayinggames.C.Smokingandi

ntroducingsolidfoodsooner.D.Consumingtoomuchfoodandsugarydrinks.10.WhatcanweknowfromthedataoftheresearchintheUK?A.Theobesityratesamongchildren

werenothigh.B.Mostofthechildrendidn’tgetenergy-richfoods.C.Theirregularlifestylehadlittleeffectonchildren.D.Thestudyresultwa

sbeyondresearchers’expectation.11.Whatsuggestiondotheresearchersofferparents?A.Improvingthelivingenvironment.B.Protectingchildre

nfromanyharm.C.Increasingtheirphysicalactivity.D.Raisingawarenessofhealthylifestyle.答案：Passage1[语篇解读]本文是一篇

应用文。文章介绍了四个可以兼职的选择。1.A细节理解题。通过Lifeguard部分的“Areyouastrongswimmerandagoodcommunicator?”以及Storeassistant部分的“andenj

oyspeakingtocustomers.”可知lifeguardandstoreassistant两个岗位都需要有很好的沟通能力。2.D细节理解题。题目假设你只能申请在周末工作的岗位,那么可以定位每个岗位的工作时间,从Gametester部分的“Weofferflexib

lehours.”得知,工作时间灵活,也就是可以选择周末工作的。3.C细节理解题。根据Fashiondesigner部分的“Thisisagreatopportunitytogainexperienceinthecl

othingindustry.”可知,做时尚设计师的兼职工作,可以获得时尚业的工作经验。Passage2[语篇解读]本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要介绍了宾夕法尼亚州巴特勒市顶峰小学的学生们通过种植花园获取了更多的知识,并帮助了周边社区,他们对自己所做

的事感到骄傲。4.C细节理解题。根据第四段的“‘Whenwegrewcabbagesmystudentsnoticedsomethingwaseatingtheleaves,’Eythrecalls.‘Thisledtoaninvestigationonfiguringoutwh

atwaseatingitandhowtostopit:thekidsanalyzedtheevidencetheyfoundandactedasengineersincreatingwaystokeepinsectsou

tofthecabbagebeds....’”可推知,该项目的目的是让学生通过种植学习更多的知识。5.B细节理解题。根据第三段可知,目前老师们把该项目和其他科目整合。6.D细节理解题。根据倒数第二段的“Thefundshelpthemlaunchanoutdoorclassroomandopen

afarmstandingatBroadStreetthatbringsfreshfruits,vegetables,herbsandmoretoanareaoftheircommunitywhere

affordablefreshproduceishardtofindthere.”可知,孩子们种出的农产品惠及周边的社区。7.C推理判断题。根据最后一段可知,让他们发现了收获的价值,并为自己在那里所做的一切感到骄傲。由此推知,学生们认为这个项目是值得的。Passage3[语篇解

读]本文是一篇说明文。文章说明了导致儿童超重的原因以及英国儿童肥胖率的情况。8.D主旨大意题。根据第二段可知,本段主要介绍儿童超重的原因。故选D项。9.D细节理解题。根据第三段可知,人们通常认为摄入过多的食物和含糖饮料会导致儿童肥胖。故选

D项。10.A细节理解题。根据第四段中的“Afteranalyzingthedata,theyfoundthatintheUK,83.3%ofnewbabieshadnon-overweightandstableBMI.”可知,从英国的研究数据我们可以了解到儿童的

肥胖率并不高。故选A项。11.D推理判断题。根据最后一段可知,研究人员建议父母提高健康生活方式的意识。故选D项。词汇积累:1.(Passage1)availableadj.有空的2.(Passage1)r

eliableadj.可靠的,可依赖的3.(Passage1)beintosth.喜欢;对……感兴趣4.(Passage2)undertheguidanceof在……指导下5.(Passage2)recallvt.回想起

6.(Passage2)figureout弄懂,搞清楚7.(Passage2)estimatevt.估计8.(Passage2)curiosityn.好奇心9.(Passage3)skipbreakfast不吃早餐10.(Passage3)convention

aladj.传统的11.(Passage3)trackvt.跟踪,追踪12.(Passage3)callfor要求,呼吁熟词生义:1.(Passage2)launchvt.开展(活动、计划等)2.(Passage3)consumevt.吃;喝长难句分析:(Passage3

)AccordingtothestudyconductedbyUniversityCollegeLondon’sresearchers,childrenwhoskipbreakfastandsleeplessaremorelikelytohavebiggerappetit

esandtendtoconsumemoreenergy-richfoodsthroughouttheday,leadingtoexcessiveweightgain.分析:本句为主从复合句,whoskipbre

akfastandsleepless为who引导的定语从句,其中and连接并列谓语skip和sleep;主句的主干为childrenaremorelikelytohave...andtendto...;leadingtoexcessiveweigh

tgain为现在分词短语作结果状语。句意:根据伦敦大学学院的研究人员进行的这项研究,不吃早餐和睡眠不足的孩子更有可能胃口更大,一天中往往会摄入更多高能量的食物,从而导致体重过度增加。