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考点分类练(一)细节理解题(1)(限时:25分钟)Passage1(2023广东广州一模)Summeriscoming.Areyoulookingforapart-timejob?Herearesomepossibleoptions.LifeguardAreyouastrongswim

merandagoodcommunicator?Wouldyoulikeachallenge?Wearelookingforlifeguardsforourbusysummerseason.Noexperienceisnecessaryasyouwil

lgettwoweeksoftrainingbeforeyoustartthejob.Aswellasbeingphysicallyfit,youneedtobeavailableforworkfromMonda

ytoFriday,7-11a.m.StoreassistantWearelookingforstoreassistantsforourbusygiftstore.Applicantsneedtobereliab

le,friendly,andenjoyspeakingtocustomers.Asecondlanguageispreferredasmanyofourcustomersaretouristsfromothercountries.Thepositionsarepart-timeandyounee

dtoworkfromThursdaytoSunday,10a.m.-4p.m.FashiondesignerAreyouinterestedinthelateststyles?Areyoucreativean

dgoodatart?Ifso,Dresswiseislookingforayoungpersontocreatenewlooksforourteendepartment.Thisisagreatopportunitytogainexperiencein

theclothingindustry.Youwillneedtoworkfourdaysaweekandwe’llpayyouforeachdesignweuse.We’llalsogiveyousamplesofyourdesignstowear.GametesterAreyouint

otechnologyandcreative?Wouldyouliketoplayandtesteducationalgamesandgetpaidforit?Thisisanexcitingpart-timejobforsomebodywh

olovesplayinggames.Weofferflexiblehours.Ifthisisforyou,writeadescriptionofyourfavoritegameandwhyyoulikeit

innomorethan150words.Ifyouareinterestedinanyoftheabovejobs,pleasecontactusatstudentunion@campus.com.1.Wha

tisasharedrequirementforthelifeguardandstoreassistant?A.Communicativeability.B.Asecondlanguage.C.Professionalexperience

.D.Astrongbody.2.Whichjobcanyouapplyforifyoucanonlyworkonweekends?A.Lifeguard.B.Storeassistant.C.Fashiondesigner.D.Gametester.3.Whatcany

ougetfromthejobasafashiondesigner?A.Samplesofthelateststyles.B.Paymentforeachofyourdesigns.C.Experienceinthefashionindustry.D.Chancest

odesignclothesforadults.Passage2(2023福建泉州三模)StudentsatSummitElementarySchoolinButler,Pennsylvaniaaregrowingmorethantheirmin

ds.UndertheguidanceoftheirteacherAngelaEyth,they’vecreatedaproductivegarden.“Thekidsareinchargeofeverything,”Eythsays.Eythandherstudentslaunchedtheg

ardeningprojectin2020aftertheteacherattendedaconferenceonhowtoincludelessonsaboutfarmingintheclassroom.Thencamethegarden.With16acreso

fschooldistrict-ownedlandaroundtheirbuilding,therewasplentyofroom.Theprojectisnowtwoyearsold,andgoesbeyondplantingandgrowing:E

ythandherfelloweducatorsstructurelessonsinscience,mathandmorearoundtheirgarden.“Whenwegrewcabbagesmyst

udentsnoticedsomethingwaseatingtheleaves,”Eythrecalls.“Thisledtoaninvestigationonfiguringoutwhatwaseatingitandhowtostopit:thekidsanalyz

edtheevidencetheyfoundandactedasengineersincreatingwaystokeepinsectsoutofthecabbagebeds.Inthe4thgrade,weletthestudentsoutsidetoestimatethenumberofb

eanpods(豆荚)theyfind.”Eythcontinues,“Peoplethinkgardeningshouldbeseparatefromcoresubjectsbutit’sfarfromthetruth.Thekids’curiositykeepsitrolli

ng.”Thekidsalsokeeptheproducerolling—Somuchsothatwitha$70,000donationfromRemakeLearning/GrableFoundati

on,they’reusingthatmoneytobuildagreenhouseattheirschool.ThefundshelpthemlaunchanoutdoorclassroomandopenafarmstandingatBroadStreetthatbringsf

reshfruits,vegetables,herbsandmoretoanareaoftheircommunitywhereaffordablefreshproduceishardtofindthere.Suchare

asareoftencalled“fooddeserts.”“OurstudentsdiscoverthevalueofsharingtheirharvestwiththecommunitysurroundingnearbyBroadStreetEleme

ntarySchool,”saysEyth.“They’resoproudofwhatwe’redoinghere.”4.Whatisthepurposeoftheproject?A.Topreparestudentsf

orcareerplanning.B.Toseeknewwaysofvegetablegrowing.C.Toallowstudentstolearnbygardening.D.Toencouragestudent

stogetclosetonature.5.Whatdotheteachersdowiththeprojectatpresent?A.Expandthefarmingland.B.Integratereleva

ntsubjects.C.Investigateinsects’activities.D.Estimatethenumberofvegetables.6.Whatcanweknowabouttheproject?A.Itwaslaunchedbytheschoolboard.B.Its

experiencewasintroducedataconference.C.Itbuiltagreenhouseinthe“fooddesert”areas.D.Itsproducebenefitsthecommunityaround.7.

Whatdothestudentsthinkoftheproject?A.Itistiresome.B.Itrequirescreativity.C.Itisrewarding.D.Itneedsmoredonations.Passage3(2023陕西西安二模)C

hildhoodobesity(肥胖)isn’tonlycausedbyovereating.Alotofenvironmentalandlifestylevariables—suchasskippingbreakfast,irregula

rsleepingpatternsandlesssleeptime—alsocontributetowardsthisdisturbingtrend,saysanewstudy.Accordingtothestudyconducte

dbyUniversityCollegeLondon’sresearchers,childrenwhoskipbreakfastandsleeplessaremorelikelytohavebiggerappetitesandtendtoconsumemoree

nergy-richfoodsthroughouttheday,leadingtoexcessiveweightgain.Theteamalsofoundthatsmokinghabitofmothersduringpregnanc

y(怀孕)isalsooneofthecontributoryfactorsforachildbeingoverweight.Interestingly,theseresultschallengetheconventionalbeliefthatover-eatingi

sthemaincauseofincreasingobesityratesamongchildren.Inaddition,factorslikewatchingtoomuchtelevision,consumin

gsugarydrinks,eatingfruitsandintroducingsolidfoodsoonerdon’tcertainlyleadtochildhoodobesity.Theresearchersuseddatafromamulti-d

isciplinaryresearchprojectthattracksthelivesofchildrenfrom19,244familiesacrosstheUK,bornfromSeptember2020toJanuary,2021.A

fteranalyzingthedata,theyfoundthatintheUK,83.3%ofnewbabieshadnon-overweightandstableBMI(身体质量指数).Only1%hadamildlyincreasingBMI,wh

ileanother2.5%tendedtohaveasharplyincreasingBMI.However,duetopoorlifestylechoicesandenvironmentalfactors,6%ofthechildrenwerealready

overweightwhentheywerethreeyearsold.Thestudyauthorsconcludedthatmodifying(更改)achild’senvironmentearlyinlifecangoalongwayi

nreducingtheirchancesofgainingabnormalweight,whichcanalsoaffecttheirhealthinlateryears.Theresearchersrecommendedthatdealingwiththechildhoodobesityca

llsforamixtureofpreventiveactions,forexample,creatingawarenessamongthefamiliesaroundthebenefitsofahealthylifestyleandalsoinstructingandsupport

ingparentsthroughoutthepregnancy,andevenbeforeandafterit.8.Whatisparagraph2mainlyabout?A.Theeffectofchildhoodobesity.B.Theirregularlifestyleo

fchildren.C.Thenewtrendofsocialdevelopment.D.Thecausesofchildrenbeingoverweight.9.Whatdopeopleusuallythinkleadstochild

hoodobesity?A.Sleepinglessandskippingbreakfast.B.WatchingtoomuchTVandplayinggames.C.Smokingandintroducingsolidfoodsooner.D.

Consumingtoomuchfoodandsugarydrinks.10.WhatcanweknowfromthedataoftheresearchintheUK?A.Theobesityratesamong

childrenwerenothigh.B.Mostofthechildrendidn’tgetenergy-richfoods.C.Theirregularlifestylehadlittleeffectonchildren.D.Thestudyresultwasbe

yondresearchers’expectation.11.Whatsuggestiondotheresearchersofferparents?A.Improvingthelivingenvironment.B.Prot

ectingchildrenfromanyharm.C.Increasingtheirphysicalactivity.D.Raisingawarenessofhealthylifestyle.答案：Passage1[语篇解读]本文是一篇应

用文。文章介绍了四个可以兼职的选择。1.A细节理解题。通过Lifeguard部分的“Areyouastrongswimmerandagoodcommunicator?”以及Storeassistant部分的“andenjoyspeakingtocustom

ers.”可知lifeguardandstoreassistant两个岗位都需要有很好的沟通能力。2.D细节理解题。题目假设你只能申请在周末工作的岗位,那么可以定位每个岗位的工作时间,从Gametester部分的“Weofferflexiblehours.”得知,工作时间

灵活,也就是可以选择周末工作的。3.C细节理解题。根据Fashiondesigner部分的“Thisisagreatopportunitytogainexperienceintheclothingindustry.”可知,做时尚设计师的

兼职工作,可以获得时尚业的工作经验。Passage2[语篇解读]本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要介绍了宾夕法尼亚州巴特勒市顶峰小学的学生们通过种植花园获取了更多的知识,并帮助了周边社区,他们对自己所做的事感到骄傲。

4.C细节理解题。根据第四段的“‘Whenwegrewcabbagesmystudentsnoticedsomethingwaseatingtheleaves,’Eythrecalls.‘Thisledtoanin

vestigationonfiguringoutwhatwaseatingitandhowtostopit:thekidsanalyzedtheevidencetheyfoundandactedasengineersincreatin

gwaystokeepinsectsoutofthecabbagebeds....’”可推知,该项目的目的是让学生通过种植学习更多的知识。5.B细节理解题。根据第三段可知,目前老师们把该项目和其他科目整合。

6.D细节理解题。根据倒数第二段的“ThefundshelpthemlaunchanoutdoorclassroomandopenafarmstandingatBroadStreetthatbringsfreshfruits,vegetables,herbsandm

oretoanareaoftheircommunitywhereaffordablefreshproduceishardtofindthere.”可知,孩子们种出的农产品惠及周边的社区。7.C推理判断题。根据最后一段可知,让他们发现了收获的价值,并为自己在那里所

做的一切感到骄傲。由此推知,学生们认为这个项目是值得的。Passage3[语篇解读]本文是一篇说明文。文章说明了导致儿童超重的原因以及英国儿童肥胖率的情况。8.D主旨大意题。根据第二段可知,本段主要介绍儿童

超重的原因。故选D项。9.D细节理解题。根据第三段可知,人们通常认为摄入过多的食物和含糖饮料会导致儿童肥胖。故选D项。10.A细节理解题。根据第四段中的“Afteranalyzingthedata,theyfoundthatintheUK,83.3%ofnewbabieshad

non-overweightandstableBMI.”可知,从英国的研究数据我们可以了解到儿童的肥胖率并不高。故选A项。11.D推理判断题。根据最后一段可知,研究人员建议父母提高健康生活方式的意识。故选D项。词汇积累:1.(Passage1)avail

ableadj.有空的2.(Passage1)reliableadj.可靠的,可依赖的3.(Passage1)beintosth.喜欢;对……感兴趣4.(Passage2)undertheguidanceof在……指导下5.(Pass

age2)recallvt.回想起6.(Passage2)figureout弄懂,搞清楚7.(Passage2)estimatevt.估计8.(Passage2)curiosityn.好奇心9.(Passage3)s

kipbreakfast不吃早餐10.(Passage3)conventionaladj.传统的11.(Passage3)trackvt.跟踪,追踪12.(Passage3)callfor要求,呼吁熟词生义:1.(Passage2)launchvt.开展(活动、计划等)2.(Passa

ge3)consumevt.吃;喝长难句分析:(Passage3)AccordingtothestudyconductedbyUniversityCollegeLondon’sresearchers,childrenwhoskipb

reakfastandsleeplessaremorelikelytohavebiggerappetitesandtendtoconsumemoreenergy-richfoodsthroughouttheday,leadingtoexc

essiveweightgain.分析:本句为主从复合句,whoskipbreakfastandsleepless为who引导的定语从句,其中and连接并列谓语skip和sleep;主句的主干为childrenaremorelikelytohave...andtendto...;lead

ingtoexcessiveweightgain为现在分词短语作结果状语。句意:根据伦敦大学学院的研究人员进行的这项研究,不吃早餐和睡眠不足的孩子更有可能胃口更大,一天中往往会摄入更多高能量的食物,从而导致体重过度增加。