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考点分类练(六)推理判断题(4)(限时:25分钟)Passage1(2023河北邯郸一模)TherehavebeenafewtimesinmylifewhenIfeltverylonely.Iparticular

lyremembermylonelinesswhenImovedtoNewYorkCity.Ihadacoupleoffriendsinthecity;however,itwasatimeinmylifewhenIneededtoputforth

someefforttoformmoremeaningfulrelationships.ButthemoreIwentouttoparties,themoredisconnectedandlonelyIfelt.Feelinglonelyinaroomfullofpeople,or

inmycase,awholecitypackedwithpeopleeverywhere,wastheloneliestIhaveeverfelt.So,ratherthantryinganewwaytomakefriends,Iwasm

orelikelytoignorephonecallsfromfriends,andIlookedatsocialinvitationsandopportunitiestomeetnewpeopleasd

rudgery.Lookingbackonthisperiodofloneliness,IwonderatthewayIisolatedmyselfinsteadofreachingouttothose

whowerewillingtokeepmecompanyandofferfriendship.WhatIhavelearnedfrommyownexperienceandtheexperienceofmanyofmyf

riendsisthatmoreoftenthannot,thosewhofeellonelychooseisolation.Indeedmanyofmyownfriendsdescribeavoidingsociallifeasawayofdealingwi

thfeelingsofloneliness.Thisbehaviorissomewhatcommon,andnewresearchtakesabigsteptowardsexplainingthisbehavior.Accordingtoleadingexpertsonthelonelin

ess,StephanieandJohnCacioppo,thereisanevolutionaryexplanationforthistendencytoisolatewhenwearefeelinglonely.

Bymonitoringlonelypeople’sbrainwaves,theyfoundthatlonelypeopletendtorespondnegativelytosociallife.“Lonelinesscausessomebrai

n-relatedchangesthatputusintoasociallynervousmode,”Dr.ChristianJarrettexplains.Makingourselvesawareofthisevolutionarynatur

altendencycouldactuallybethefirststepinfightingloneliness.Onceweknowthatwearemoresensitivetonegativityduringlonelys

pells,wecanfocusourenergyonresistingthedesiretoputupwalls.1.WhathappenedtotheauthoraftershemovedtoNewYorkCity?A.She

hadnofriendsthere.B.Shelackedconfidencethere.C.Sheneededopportunitiesforparties.D.Shefeltlonelyevenwithpeoplepresent.2.Howdidtheauthortry

todealwithhersituation?A.Byrefusingtogoouttomeetothers.B.BylookingforsolutionsontheInternet.C.Bytryingvariousmethodstomakefriends.D.Bydoings

omedrudgerytoforgetherproblem.3.WhatdidStephanieandJohnCacioppofindintheirresearch?A.Lonelypeopletendtodisgustsocia

llife.B.Peoplerespondnegativelytolonelypeople.C.Lonelinesscandogreatharmtopeople’shealth.D.Lonelinesscanbecausedbyasociallynervou

smode.4.Whatdoestheauthormostprobablywanttoshowinthetext?A.Weshouldn’tbeinfluencedbynegativity.B.Weshouldn’tchoosei

solationwhenwefeellonely.C.Weshouldmakefriendsbasedonscientificfindings.D.Weshouldspendmoretimewithfriendsthanrelatives.Passage2(2023安徽宣城二模)Ikn

owitmaybehardtoconvinceyou,butletmetry:Don’tkillthenextspideryouseeinyourhome.Peopleliketothinkoftheirdwellingsassafelyseparatedfromtheoutside

world,butmanytypesofspiderscanbefoundinside.Someareaccidentallytrapped,whileothersareshort-termvisitors.So

mespeciesevenenjoythegreatindoors,wheretheyhappilyliveouttheirlivesandmakemorespiders.Thesefellowsareusuallysecretive,a

ndalmostallyoumeetareneitheraggressivenordangerous.Andtheymaybeprovidingserviceslikeeatingpests—somee

veneatotherspiders.MycolleaguesandIconductedavisualsurveyof50NorthCarolinahomes.Everysinglehousewevisitedwashometospiders.Themostcommonsp

eciesweencounteredwerecobwebspidersandcellarspiders.Bothbuildwebswheretheylieinwaitforprey(猎物)togetcaught.Cellarspid

erssometimesleavetheirwebstohuntotherspiders.Althoughtheyareall-aroundpredators(捕食性动物),tendingtoeatan

ythingtheycancatch,spidersregularlycaptureharmfulpestsandevendisease-carryinginsects—forexample,mosquitoe

s.There’sevenaspeciesofjumpingspiderthatpreferstoeatblood-filledmosquitoesinAfricanhomes.Sokillingaspiderdoesn’tjustcostt

heinsectitslife;itmaytakeanimportantpredatoroutofyourhome.It’snaturaltofearspiders.Theyhavelotsoflegsandalmostallarevenomous—thoughthemajorityofsp

ecieshavevenom(毒液)tooweaktocauseissuesinhumans,iftheirfangscanpierceourskinatall.Evenentomologiststhemselvescanfallpreytoarachnophobia(

蜘蛛恐惧症).Iknowafewspiderresearcherswhoovercametheirfearbyobservingandworkingwiththesefascinatingcreatures.Iftheycandoit,socanyou!5.Whatisacommonmisun

derstandingofspidersaccordingtoparagraph2?A.Theycanbetrappedeasily.B.Theyoftenattackhumanbeings.C.Theyarefriendlytohumanbein

gs.D.Theylivefarawayfromhumanbeings.6.Whatwillhappenifyoukillaspiderinyourhome?A.Loseagreatassistant.B.Catchm

oreinsects.C.Developrarediseases.D.Rescueotherinsects.7.Howcanpeoplegetovertheirfearofspiders?A.Bydiscoveringtheirhabit

ats.B.Byprotectingtheirskin.C.Bygettingalongwiththem.D.Byrecognizingtheirvenom.8.Whatdoesthetextsuggestpeopledoaboutspid

ers?A.Sparespiders.B.Monitorspiders.C.Defeatspiders.D.Controlspiders.Passage3(2023陕西宝鸡高三模拟)Readingwhiletrave

lingismorethanpleasurable;it’sanecessity.Itmeansrestingourheadsagainstthewindowwhiletravelingonthesubwa

y,train,orbus,andimmersingourselvesindistantworldsandotherpeople’slives.Thesewavesofwordshelpusmakethejourneyseemshorte

randdistanceourselvesfromthenoise.Itcanmakeourjourneymeaningfulandhelpustostartourworkingdayswithrenewedenergyandenthusiasm.

Readingwhiletravelingbringsauniquecontexttoone’sreading.Manypeopletakespecificbookswiththemtotieintoth

eplacesthey’retravelingto.Fewthingsareasenjoyableandsatisfyingasliftingyoureyestofindyourselfintheverysamecountry,setting,orcontextthatthebook

issetin.Ofcourse,itisn’tnecessarytovisittheexactplacesinanovelinordertoexperiencethesensationsthattheauthoris

tryingtotransmittoyou.Justthesimplefactofbeingoutsidethefourwallsofyourhousebringsnewingredientstorea

ding:sounds,lights,faces,andsensations,amongotherthings.Readingwhiletravelingimprovesyourabilitytoconcentrate.Thetr

uthisthatnotallpeopleareabletoconcentrateonabookwhilethey’retraveling.Oururbanworldisnoisy.However,it’sinterestingtonotethatthosewhohavebec

omeusedtoreadingwhiletravelinghavedevelopeduniqueconcentrationandfocusingskills.Theabilitytoread,understand,andvisualizeotherworldsandplots

isaskillthatcanbeappliedtomanyotherareasinlife.Reading,whichisaticketthattransportsyoutoplacesfarbeyondyourphysicaldestination,isaportablepastim

e.Youdon’thavetobeinbedoronthecouchinordertobeabletoenjoyabook.Readingwhiletravelingisagreatwaytomakethemo

stofyourtime,therebyturningthosemomentsofinactivityintoveryactiveonesforyourbrain.Theonlydangerthatwecouldpointoutisthatyoumayget

soimmersedinyourbookthatyoumightmissyourstop!9.Whatcanbeinferredfromthefirstparagraph?A.Leaningagainstthewind

owisrecommended.B.Wordscankeepreadersdistancedfromtheworld.C.Enjoyingabookmakessufferingsfromnoisepleasant.D.Readinghelpstravelersab

sorbedinanotherworld.10.Howdoyoufeelwhenyouareexploringtheplacesyouhavereadaboutinperson?A.Lost.B.Uneasy.C.Sensitive

.D.Overjoyed.11.Whatcanwelearnaboutthosewhoareaccustomedtoreadingwhiletraveling?A.Theycan’tbearbeinginanoisyatmosphe

re.B.Theyareunlikelytobedistractedatwork.C.Theycanhardlykeepfocusedonanythingelse.D.Theytendtobebookishand

unrealistic.12.Whatcanbeconcludedaboutreadingwhiletravelingfromthelastparagraph?A.Itpartlyreplacesphysicalexercise.B.Itcanboosttravel

ers’brainhealth.C.Itkeepsyoufrommissingstops.D.Itrequiresafavorableenvironment.答案：Passage1[语篇解读]本文是一篇说明文。

文章主要说明了尽管我们在感到孤独的时候会对社交活动产生抵触,但应该尽量避免这样做。1.D细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句“Feelinglonelyinaroomfullofpeople,orinmycase,awholecitypackedwithpeopleeverywh

ere,wastheloneliestIhaveeverfelt.”可知,作者发现自己跟很多人在一起时仍然感到孤独。故选D项。2.A细节理解题。根据第二段可知,作者选择不外出和别人进行社交活动。3.A推理判断题。根据第四段第

三、四句“Bymonitoringlonelypeople’sbrainwaves,theyfoundthatlonelypeopletendtorespondnegativelytosociallife.

‘Lonelinesscausessomebrain-relatedchangesthatputusintoasociallynervousmode,’Dr.ChristianJarrettexplains.”可知,他们发现感到孤独的人倾向于厌恶社交活动。4.B推理判断题

。根据最后一段可知,当我们感到孤单时,我们也不应该拒绝社交活动。Passage2[语篇解读]本文是一篇说明文。文章主要通过介绍蜘蛛的生活习性以及给人类生活带来的好处,劝导人们不要杀害蜘蛛。5.D推理判断题。根据第二段中的“Peopleliket

othinkoftheirdwellingsassafelyseparatedfromtheoutsideworld,butmanytypesofspiderscanbefoundinside.”可知,人们觉得自己生活在一个与外界安

全隔离的地方,但是蜘蛛却可以在室内被发现,由此可知,人们常见的误解是蜘蛛住得离人类很远。6.A细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的“Sokillingaspiderdoesn’tjustcosttheinsectitslife;itmaytakeanimpo

rtantpredatoroutofyourhome.”可知,杀死蜘蛛意味着把重要的捕食者带走,也就是说,你失去了一个了不起的助手。7.C细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“Iknowafewspiderresearcherswhoovercametheirfearbyobservingandwor

kingwiththesefascinatingcreatures.Iftheycandoit,socanyou!”可知,蜘蛛研究员是通过观察和研究起这些小生物来克服对蜘蛛的恐惧的,而且作者认为他们能做到的,你也可以做到,由此可知,人们可以通过与蜘蛛相处来克服对蜘蛛的恐惧

。8.A推理判断题。根据第一段以及下文对蜘蛛生活习性和对人类的好处的介绍可知,作者是要通过介绍蜘蛛对人类的好处而尽力地劝说人们不要伤害蜘蛛,所以本文建议人们要放过蜘蛛。Passage3[语篇解读]本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述

旅行阅读让人心情愉悦,可以使旅程更有意义,并帮助我们以新的精力和热情开始我们的工作。9.D推理判断题。根据第一段中的“Readingwhiletravelingismorethanpleasurable;it’sanecessity.Itmeansrestingourheadsaga

instthewindowwhiletravelingonthesubway,train,orbus,andimmersingourselvesindistantworldsandotherpeople’slives.”可知,旅行阅读让我们沉浸在另一个世界,

故选D项。10.D细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Fewthingsareasenjoyableandsatisfyingasliftingyoureyestofindyourselfintheverysamecountry,

setting,orcontextthatthebookissetin.”可知当你亲自探索你读到过的地方时,你会感到开心和满足,故选D项。11.B推理判断题。根据第三段内容可知,旅行阅读可以提高注意力,因此那些习惯在旅行中阅读的人

更能集中注意力,在工作中不分心,故选B项。12.B推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“Readingwhiletravelingisagreatwaytomakethemostofyourtime,therebyturningthosemomentsofina

ctivityintoveryactiveonesforyourbrain.”可知,旅行阅读可以促进旅行者的大脑健康。故选B项。词汇积累:1.(Passage1)putforth发挥(力量、精力等)2.(Passage1)lo

okbackon回顾3.(Passage1)keepsb.company陪伴某人4.(Passage1)moreoftenthannot通常,多半5.(Passage1)tendencyn.趋势,趋向6.(Passage1)besensitiveto对……敏感7.(Pas

sage1)resistvt.抵制8.(Passage2)convincev.使信服9.(Passage2)accidentallyadv.意外地,偶然地10.(Passage2)aggressiveadj.好斗的,挑

衅的11.(Passage3)immersev.沉浸在12.(Passage3)transmitv.传送,输送熟词生义:(Passage3)distancevt.与……疏远长难句分析:(Passage2)Althoughtheyareall-aroundpredators,tendingto

eatanythingtheycancatch,spidersregularlycaptureharmfulpestsandevendisease-carryinginsects—forexample,mosquitoes.分析:本句为复合句。Althoughthey

areall-aroundpredators为Although引导的让步状语从句;theycancatch为定语从句,修饰先行词anything。句意:虽然它们是全能的捕食者,倾向于吃掉它们能抓到的任何东西,但蜘蛛经常捕捉有害的害虫,甚至是携带疾病的昆虫,比如蚊子。