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考点分类练(八)词句猜测题——代词指代类Passage1(2022江西萍乡一模)FouTs’ong,aChinese-bornpianistknownforhissensitiveinterpretationsofChopin,DebussyandMozart,diedo

nMondayatahospitalinLondon,wherehehadlivedformanyyears.Hewas86.Aloverofclassicalmusicfromayoungage,Mr.Foubegantakingpianoles

sonswhenhewas7.Mr.Foumadehisfirststageappearancein1952.TheconcertcaughttheattentionofofficialsinBeijing,whoselectedhimtocompeteand

tourinEasternEurope.Mr.FousoonmovedtoPoland,wherehestudiedattheWarsawConservatory(音乐学校)onascholarship.ToprepareforthefifthCho

pinCompetitioninWarsawin1955,hepracticedsodiligentlythathehurthisfingersandwasnearlycutfromthefirstroundofthecompetition.Mr.FouwasoneofthefirstC

hinesepianiststoachieveglobalprominencewhenhetookthethirdplaceintheInternationalChopinPianoCompetitioninWarsawin1955.Healsowonaspecialprizeforhisper

formanceofChopin’smazurkas(马祖卜舞曲).Almostovernight,hebecameanationalhero.ToChina,Mr.Fou’srecognitioninawell-knowninternationalcompetitionwasprooftha

tthecountrycouldstandonitsownartisticallyintheWest.ChinesereportersflockedtointerviewMr.Fou,whilemanyotherssoughtou

thisfather,FuLei,foradviceonchild-rearing.In1981,avolumeofletterswrittenbyhisfather,primarilytoMr.Fou,waspublishedi

nChina.Fullofadvice,encouragement,lifeteachingsandstrictpaternallove,thebookFuLei’sFamilyLettersbecameabest-sellerinChi

na.BesidesinfluencingagenerationofChinese,Mr.Fu’swordsresonated(共鸣)longafterhisdeathwiththepersonforwhomtheywere

intended.“Myfatherhadasayingthat‘Firstyoumustbeaperson,thenanartist,andthenamusician,andonlythencanyoubeapianist.’”Mr.Fouoncerecalledinanin

terview.“Evennow,Ibelieveinthisorder—thatitshouldbethiswayandthatIamthisway.”1.Whatcanbelearnedfromparagraph2?A.FouTs’ongcompeteda

ndtouredinBeijing.B.FouTs’ongfirstperformedonthestageat7.C.FouTs’ongmadegreateffortsforcompetitions.D.

FouTs’ongstartedlearningmusicinEasternEurope.2.WhydoesFouTs’ong’sglobalrecognitionmeanalottoChina?A.ItearnsChineseartaplaceintheWest

.B.ItpromotesthespreadofChineseculture.C.ItprovesChinesepeople’stalentformusic.D.ItenablesChineseartedu

cationtoberecognized.3.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“they”inparagraph4referto?A.Mr.Fu’swords.B.YoungChinese.C.FouTs’ongand

hisfamily.D.ReadersofFuLei’sFamilyLetters.4.WhichofthefollowingagreeswithFuLei’sideasinthelastparagraph?A.Purs

uingartisalongandpainfulprocess.B.Itrequiresvariousqualitiestobeapianist.C.Everyoneshoulddevelopaninterestinart.D.Talentisofthegreatestim

portanceforapianist.Passage2(2022山东枣庄三模)Acarboncapturingdevice,calledOrca,beganoperatinginIcelandinSeptember.Themachinewasinventedandmadeb

yaSwisscompanycalledClimeworks.ThenamecomesfromtheIcelandicwordorkawhichmeansenergy.Orcacanpullcarbondioxideoutofthea

irandsenditdeepintotheground,whereitisturnedintostone.Thedeviceismadeupoffoursectionswhichlooklikegiantairconditionersstackedtogether.Eachsec

tioncontains12largefansthatsuckairfromoutsideintosteelcompartments.Inside,theairpassesthroughafilter(过滤器)whichgathersthecarbondioxide.Itisthenhe

atedtoahightemperaturesothecarbondioxidecanbecollectedfromthefilter.Then,thecarbondioxideismixedwithwatera

ndputdeepinthegroundintoatypeofrockcalledbasalt.Basaltcausesthecarbondioxidemixturetoturnintostoneaftertwoorthreeyears.Orcaisanexperimenta

ldevice.Itwasbuilttodemonstratethatitispossibletopermanentlyremovecarbondioxidefromtheatmosphere.Itcanremove4,000metri

ctonsofcarbondioxidefromtheaireachyear.That’saboutthesameamountastheemissionsproducedby850carsinayear.Inordertoremoveenoughcarbondioxidetomakeabig

differencetoglobalwarming,muchlargerdeviceslikeOrcawouldhavetobebuiltinmanycountriesaroundtheworld.Someenvironmentalactivistssayg

overnmentsshouldspendmoretimeandmoneyonreducingtheamountofgreenhousegasweproduceeachyear,insteadofinvestingincarb

oncapturemethods.Butotherssaythat,inorderforcountriestomeettheirgoalofnetzeroemissionsby2050,theywillneedtodoboth:reducenewemissionsandremovethecarb

ondioxidealreadyintheair.5.What’sthepurposeofdesigningOrca?A.Toconserveenergy.B.Toachievezeroemissions.C.Toprotectn

aturalresources.D.Toremovecarbondioxideintheair.6.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“it”refertoinparagraph2?A.Orca.B.T

hebasalt.C.Theair.D.Carbondioxide.7.HowdoesOrcawork?a.Suckingtheair.b.Collectingthecarbondioxide.c.Mixingwithwater.d.Filte

ringandheating.e.Puttingintotheground.A.a,d,b,c,eB.a,c,d,b,eC.a,d,c,b,eD.a,b,c,d,e8.Whyaresomeenvironmentalis

tsnotinfavor?A.Reducingemissionsismoreimportant.B.Itmightresultinnewpollution.C.Thetechnologyisnotmature.D.Itdoe

sn’tworkefficiently.Passage3(2022湖南岳阳二模)InFebruaryof1942,MexicanfarmerDionisioPulidothoughtheheardthundercomingfromhiscornf

ield.However,thesoundwasn’tcomingfromthesky.Thesourcewasalargesmokingbreaksendingoutgasandpushingoutrock

s.ThisopeningwouldcometobeknownasthevolcanoParicutin,andoverthenext9years,itslavaandashwouldcoverover200squarekil

ometers.Butwheredidthisnewvolcanocomefrom,andwhatcauseditsunpredictableeruption?Oneofthemostcommoncausesofaneruptionisanincreaseinm

agmastaticpressure.Magma(岩浆)containsvariouselementsandcompounds.Athighenoughconcentrations,compoundslikewaterorsulfur(硫)formhigh-p

ressuregasbubbles.Whentheseballsofgasreachthesurface,theycanburstwiththeforceofagunshot.Andwhenmillionsofbubblesexplode,theenergycansendashinto

theair.Butbeforetheypoporburst,theyactlikebubblesofCO2inashakensoda.Notalleruptionsareduetorisingmagmastaticpressure—som

etimestheweightoftherockabovecanbecomedangerouslylow.Landslidescanremovemassivequantitiesofrockfromatopamagmachamberorroom,dr

oppingthepressureandinstantlytouchingoffaneruption.Thisprocessisknownas“unloading”andit’sbeenresponsiblefornumerouserupt

ions,includingthesuddenexplosionofMountSt.Helensin1980.Butunloadingcanalsohappenoverlongerperiodsoftim

eduetoheatingiceormeltingglaciers.Infact,manygeologistsareworriedthatglacialmeltcausedbyclimatechangecouldincreasevolcanicactivity.Unfortunately,know

ingwhatcauseseruptionsdoesn’tmakethemeasytopredict.Whilescientistscanroughlydeterminethestrengthandweightofth

eEarth’scrust(地壳),thedepthandheatofmagmachambersmakesmeasuringchangesinmagmastaticpressureverydifficult.Butvolcanologistsareconstantlyexplor

ingnewtechnologytoovercomethisrockyfield.Advancesinthermalimaging(热成像)haveallowedscientiststodetectundergroundhotspo

ts.Spectrometerscananalyzegasesescapingmagma.Hopefully,thesetoolswillhelpusbetterunderstandthesegasbreaksa

ndtheirexplosiveeruptions.9.Whydoestheauthormentionthestoryofafarmerinthefirstparagraph?A.Toshowthepowerofvolcanoeruption.B.Tointroducethetopic.

C.TointroducethevolcanoParicutin.D.Toexplainthereason.10.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“they”inparagraph2referto?A.ThebubblesofCO2.B.Theashof

thevolcano.C.Gasbubblesofcompounds.D.Theelementsofasoda.11.WhichofthefollowingistrueabouttheeruptionofMountSt.Helen

s?A.Landslidesshouldberesponsibleforitseruption.B.Itbegantoexplodeoveralongperiodoftime.C.Theprocessof“unloading”occurredafteritsexplosion.D.

Theweightoftherockaboveitincreasedastocauseitseruption.12.Whatcanweinferfromthelastparagraph?A.Scientistscandetermineth

eeruptionofthevolcanoinadvance.B.ItisquitedifficulttomeasuretheweightoftheEarth’scrust.C.Spectrometerscanhelpscientiststodetec

tundergroundhotspots.D.Scientistsarepositiveaboutfurtherstudyofvolcanoeruption.考点分类练(八)词句猜测题——代词指代类Passage1【语篇导读】本文

是一篇人物传记。文章介绍中国出生的钢琴家傅聪。他以其对肖邦、德彪西和莫扎特作品的细致诠释而闻名,他的国际知名度为中国艺术在西方赢得了一席之地。1.C解析推理判断题。根据第二段的最后一句话“Topreparefort

hefifthChopinCompetitioninWarsawin1955,hepracticedsodiligentlythathehurthisfingersandwasnearlycutfromthefirstroundofthecompetition.”可知

,傅聪先生为了比赛付出了很多。2.A解析细节理解题。根据第三段中的“ToChina,Mr.Fou’srecognitioninawell-knowninternationalcompetitionwasproofthatthecountrycouldstan

donitsownartisticallyintheWest.”可知,傅聪的国际知名度为中国艺术在西方赢得了一席之地。3.A解析词义猜测题。根据第四段中的“BesidesinfluencingagenerationofChinese,Mr.Fu’swordsresonatedlongaft

erhisdeathwiththepersonforwhomtheywereintended.”可以看出,they指代上文提到的Mr.Fu’swords,说明除了影响了一代中国人外,傅雷先生的话在他去世后依然能够让听到这些话的人产生共鸣

。由此推知,they指的是hiswords。4.B解析推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“Myfatherhadasayingthat‘Firstyoumustbeaperson,thenanartist,andthenamusician,andonlythencany

oubeapianist.’”可知,傅雷先生教儿子傅聪要先成为人,再成为艺术家,再成为音乐家,最后才能成为钢琴家。这表明,傅雷先生认为成为一名钢琴家,身上要具备很多的品质。Passage2【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了瑞士公司制造的名为Orca的碳

捕捉设备,并详细说明了其工作原理和一些环保人士对它的看法。5.D解析推理判断题。根据第二段中“Orcacanpullcarbondioxideoutoftheairandsenditdeepintotheground,whereitisturnedintostone.”可推知,设计O

rca的目的是去除空气中的二氧化碳。6.D解析词句猜测题。根据第二段中“Orcacanpullcarbondioxideoutoftheairandsenditdeepintotheground,whereitisturnedintos

tone.”和指代关系可知,代词it指的是上文提到的“carbondioxide”。故选D项。7.A解析细节理解题。根据第三段内容可知,Orca的工作过程是:先吸入空气,对其过滤并加热收集到的二氧化碳,完成二氧

化碳的收集后,与水混合,最后存入地下。8.A解析推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Someenvironmentalactivistssaygovernmentsshouldspendmoretimeandmoneyonreduci

ngtheamountofgreenhousegasweproduceeachyear,insteadofinvestingincarboncapturemethods.”可推知,一些环保人士不支持Orca,因为他们认为减少我们每年产生的温室气体更重要。Passage3【语篇导读

】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲的是火山爆发的原因。9.B解析推理判断题。根据第一段内容可知,第一段提到一个农民的故事是为了引出火山喷发的原因这个主题。10.C解析词句猜测题。根据第二段的“Athighenou

ghconcentrations,compoundslikewaterorsulfur(硫)formhigh-pressuregasbubbles.Whentheseballsofgasreachthesurface”及they后的“canburstwiththefor

ceofagunshot”可知,是气泡会爆炸,they指的是水或硫这样的化合物形成的高压气泡,即Gasbubblesofcompounds。11.A解析细节理解题。根据第三段的“Landslidescanremove...explosionofMountSt.Helensin19

80.”可知,山体滑坡应该对圣海伦斯火山的爆发负责。