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考点分类练(十)主旨大意题——标题归纳类Passage1(2022黑龙江齐齐哈尔三模)Withnationspreparingtospendbillionstoredesigntheircitieswithanewfocusoncycling,it’swort

hrememberinghowtheinventionofthebicyclechangedsocietiesallovertheworld.Thepersongenerallycreditedwithinvent

ingthemodernbicyclewasanEnglishmannamedJohnKempStarley.In1885,the30-year-oldinventorbeganexperimentingi

nhisworkshopwithachain-drivenbicyclefeaturingtwomuchsmallerwheels.Whenitfirstappearedatabicycleshowin1886,hi

sinventionwasregardedasacuriosity.Buttwoyearslater,whenthenextmodelwaspairedwiththenewlyinventedrubbertire—whichnotonlycushionedth

eridebutalsomadethenewbicycleabout30percentfaster—theresultwasmagic.Forafewyearsinthe1890s,almostanyonewantedtolearntoride,andalmostev

eryonedid.ThekingofZanzibartookupcycling.SodidtheemperorofRussia.Butitwasthemiddleandworkingclassesaroundtheglobethattrulymadethebicycletheirown.

Forthefirsttimeinhistory,themasseswereabletocomeandgoastheypleased.Nomoreneedforexpensivehorsesandcarriages.Therock

etingdemandledhundredsofnewcompaniesaroundtheworldtooffertheirownversions.AttheStanleyBicycleShowinLondonin1895,about200bicyclemakersexhibited

3,000models.OneofthebiggestmakerswasColumbiaBicycles,whosefactoryinHartford,Connecticut,couldturnoutabicycleaminutethankstoitsautomatedassemblyline(流

水线)—apioneeringtechnologythatonedaywouldbecomethebackboneoftheautomobileindustry.By1898,athirdofallpatentapplic

ationsintheUSwerebicycle-related.Thebicycleevenimprovedthehumangenepool.Newlyliberatedyoungpeoplerodearoundthecountrysideatwill,

meetingupindistantvillages.Womenwereespeciallyenthusiastic.Theyabandonedtheirtroublesomeskirtsandtooktotheroadingroups.Marriagerec

ordsinEnglandshowamarkedriseininter-villagemarriagesduringthebicyclecrazeofthe1890s.1.WhatcanweknowaboutJohnKem

pStarley’sfirstmodel?A.Itwasinventedin1888.B.Ithadtwobiggerwheels.C.Itdidnothaverubbertires.D.Itwasa

cceptedimmediately.2.Whenwerebicycleswidelyadoptedbythepublic?A.Inthe1860s.B.Inthe1870s.C.Inthe1880s.D.Inthe1890s.3.W

hatarethestatisticsinparagraph4mainlyabout?A.Thefastgrowingdemandforbicycles.B.Thehugesuccessofthebicycleindustry.C.Thegreatconvenienceoffer

edbybicycles.D.Thepopularityofthenewlyinventedbicycles.4.Whichofthefollowingisasuitabletitleforthetext?A.

HowHaveBicyclesChangedOurWorld?B.WhichCountryInventedtheFirstBicycle?C.WhoIstheInventoroftheFirstBicycle?D.WhatLedtotheGeneticImproveme

nt?Passage2(2022吉林白山一模)Microplasticsare“oneofthegreatestman-madedisastersofourtime”,accordingtotheNaturalHistoryMuse

um.That’sbadnews,giventheyarealsoeverywhere:intapwater,thefoodyoubuy,theclothesyouwearandtheairyoubreathe.Thelargestmic

roplasticscanbeseenbythenakedeyeandareanythingunderhalfacentimetreinsize.Butmanyofthemaresmallenoughtoactlikespotsofdustwhichweca

nunconsciouslybreatheinoreatinfood.Thesmallestparticlesarecallednanoplasticsandtheyaresmallenoughtogettheirwa

ydeepintothehumanbody.NewfindingsfromtheUniversityofPortsmouthshowthatthereissomuchsyntheticmaterialinourhomesthatwemigh

tbebreathinginupto7,000microplasticparticlesaday.Usingspecialequipment,researchersmeasuredatypicalfamilyhomeandfoundthehighestconcentrationo

fitwasinthebedroomoftheeight-year-olddaughter,whoseroomwasdecoratedwithplastic-basedbedding,carpetandsofttoys.Althoughresearchisinitsearlystage,t

herisksoftheseplasticscouldbeserious—somestudieshavelinkedhighexposuretocancerriskanddisruptingourhormones.Inanimalstud

ies,theparticleshavebeenshowntoaffectmetabolism,gutbacteriaandtheimmunesystem,amongotherthings.Itisnotyetknownwhata

healthylevelofmicroplasticsmightlooklike,butDrSabineDonnai,CEOoftheViaviclinic,thinksthatmanypeopleintheWestareoverthe

limit.Intestsatherclinic,patientsoftencomebackwithdangerouslyhighlevelsofplasticintheirbodies,shesays.5.Whatdoesparagraph2talkabout?

A.Theseriousnessofmicroplastics.B.Thesizeofmicroplastics.C.Thesolutiontomicroplastics.D.Theeffectofmi

croplastics.6.Howdidresearchersdeterminetheamountofmicroplasticsofahome?A.Withtechnicalequipment.B.Byreferr

ingtopreviousdata.C.Throughexperiments.D.Byobservingenvironment.7.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“disrupting”inparagraph4probably

mean?A.Deciding.B.Disturbing.C.Discovering.D.Defending.8.Whatwouldbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A.NewstudyfoundmicroplasticsB.Microplasticsarefoundincl

othesC.MicroplasticsarethreateningourlifeD.WebreatheinmicroplasticseverydayPassage3(2022吉林长春三模)Metahaslauncheditsfirstpairofsmartglasses,

whichhousespeakersandcameras,builtwitheyewearfirmRay-Ban.Theglasses,whichareavailableinarangeofcoloursandstyles,arepricedat￡299andwi

llbeavailablefromSeptember13.CalledRay-BanStories,theglassesfeaturetwofive-megapixelcamerastotakephotosandvideos,aswellasbuilt-inmicr

ophonesandspeakersenablinguserstomakecallsandlistentoaudio.Theglassesalsocomewithbuilt-inLEDlightstoletpeoplenearbyknowwhen

theweareristakingaphotoorvideoandpairwiththenewMetaViewapp,whichenablesuserstosharecontentfromtheglassestotheirsocialmediaacco

unts.Announcingthenewhardware,Metaacknowledgedthatprivacywasakeyissueithadlookedtoaddresswhencreatingthenewdevice.“Aswithanynewdevice,we

haveabigresponsibilitytohelppeoplefeelcomfortableandprovidepeaceofmind,andthatgoesnotonlyfordeviceownersbutthepeoplearoundthem,too,”thesoci

alnetworksaidinablogpost.Metasaiditwouldalsoofferguidancetousersonhowtosafelyusetheglasseswithregardtoothers.“We’vedevelopedguidelinesforwh

atisandisn’tanappropriateuseoftheglasses,someofwhicharesurfacedrightintheappduringonboarding,andwhichareavailableinful

lonlineonourdedicatedprivacymicrositeforRay-BanStories.”“Thesetipsincluderespectingpeople’spreferencesiftheyaskyoutosto

precordingordon’twanttobeinaphotoorvideo,notcapturingphotosandvideoswhiledriving,andturningofftheglassesinprivateareaslikeplaces

ofworship,adoctor’soffice,orlockerrooms.”9.Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrueaccordingtothetext?A.Thesmartglasse

saremadebyMetaindependently.B.Theglasseshavemorethantwofive-megapixelcameras.C.Userscansharecontentfromtheglasses

withtheirfriends.D.Thebuild-inLEDlightshelptakebetterpictures.10.Whatcanbeinferredfromthetext?A.Theglasseswil

lbeahitwithMetausers.B.PeoplecanbuytheglassesatthestartofSeptember.C.Thetipsonsafeuseoftheglassesarenotfree.D.Somepeoplemay

feeluneasywhenbeingcaughtoncamera.11.WhatisMeta’sattitudetotheissueofprivacy?A.Serious.B.Indifferent.C.Negative.D.Objective.1

2.Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?A.SafetyGuidelinesforGlassesUsersB.Meta’sReleaseofSmartGlassesC.PrivacyRelatedtoNewTechnologyD.Users’Feed

backonSmartGlasses考点分类练(十)主旨大意题——标题归纳类Passage1【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了自行车的发明历史及其给世界带来的巨大影响。1.C解析推理判断题。根据第二段中“But

twoyearslater...theresultwasmagic.”可反推,他的第一代自行车是没有塑料轮胎的。2.D解析细节理解题。根据第三段中“Forafewyearsinthe1890s,almostanyonewantedtolearntoride,andalmosteveryonedid

.”及最后一段中“MarriagerecordsinEnglandshowamarkedriseininter-villagemarriagesduringthebicyclecrazeofthe1890s.”可知,自行车是在19世纪90年代被大众广泛采用的。3.B解析推理判断题。根据第四段中“

Therocketingdemandled...bicyclemakersexhibited3,000models.”及“By1898,athirdofallpatentapplicationsintheUSwerebicycle-related.”可推断,本段主要是

用数据说明该行业的空前繁荣。4.A解析主旨大意题。通读全文,特别是第一段可知,本文主要介绍了自行车的发明给世界带来的巨大影响。Passage2【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了微塑料无处不在,介绍了微塑料的大小,以及新发现表明家里的合成材料如此

之多,以至于我们每天可能会吸入多达7000个微塑料颗粒。5.B解析段落大意题。根据第二段可知,第二段讲的是微塑料的大小。6.A解析细节理解题。根据第三段中“Usingspecialequipment...carpetandsofttoys.”可知,研究人员使用

技术仪器确定一个家庭的微塑料含量。7.B解析词义猜测题。根据画线词上文“Althoughresearchisinitsearlystage,therisksoftheseplasticscouldbeserious—somestudieshavelinkedhighex

posuretocancerrisk”以及下文“Inanimalstudies,theparticleshavebeenshowntoaffectmetabolism,gutbacteriaandtheimmunesystem,amongotherthings.”可知,虽然研究还处于早期阶段

,但这些塑料的风险可能是严重的——一些研究已经将高暴露于癌症风险和扰乱我们的荷尔蒙联系起来。故画线词意思是“干扰”。故选B项。8.C解析主旨大意题。文章主要说明了微塑料无处不在,介绍了微塑料的大小,以及新发现表明家里

的合成材料如此之多,以至于我们每天可能会吸入多达7000个微塑料颗粒。可知,C选项“微塑料正在威胁我们的生命”最符合文章标题。Passage3【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章提到Meta即将发布一款新产品——智能眼镜,并且对这款智能眼镜进行了说明。9

.C解析细节理解题。根据第二段中“Theglassesalsocome...fromtheglassestotheirsocialmediaaccounts.”可知,用户可以与朋友分享眼镜上的内容。故选C项。10.D解析推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Thesetipsincluderespect

ingpeople’spreferencesiftheyaskyoutostoprecordingordon’twanttobeinaphotoorvideo”可推断,有些人在被镜头拍到时可能会感到不安。11.A解析推理判断题。根据第三段中“Announcingthen

ewhardware,Metaacknowledgedthatprivacywasakeyissueithadlookedtoaddresswhencreatingthenewdevice.”可知,Meta说隐私是开发新设备要解决的关键问

题,由此可推知,Meta对隐私的态度是很严肃的。