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文体分类练(五)说明文之生态环保类(限时:25分钟)Passage1(2023河北邯郸一模)BeeprotectionisabigissuethesedaysinAmerica,withpeopleplantingna

tivepollinatorgardens,settingupbeehouses,andtakingpartinscientificactivitiestomonitorlocalbeepopulations.Andthisisforgoodrea

son—inNorthAmerica,aquarterofnativebeespeciesareatriskofextinction.Beespollinate35percentofourglobalfoodsupplyandmanyofthewildplantsou

recosystemsdependon.NoMowMay,amovementthatbeganintheUK,isnowrapidlyspreadingthroughouttheUS.Itspopularity

liesinitsbeingsimple:Justgivebeesahelpduringthecrucialspringtimebyremovingachorefromyourlistandletting

yourlawngrowforthemonthofMay.Thislets“lawnflowers”suchasdandelionsgrowatatimewhenbeefoodisrare.Dandelions,despitebei

ngprettyanduseful,arenon-native.Thenwhydowepromoteamovementthatencouragestheirgrowth?Here’sthebasicanswer—don’tlet“p

erfect”betheenemyof“good”.Sure,it’dbegreattoturnyourentireneighborhoodintoabeekingdomofnativeplants,butthatcantakelotsoftimeandmoney

.WhiledandelionshavebecometheposterchildforNoMowMay,otherplants—includingnativespecies—mayalsoappeari

nyourlawn.“Besidesdandelions,therearemanyotherplantsthataregoingtobethere,”saysDr.ClaudioGrattonatthe

UniversityofWisconsin-Madison.InMassachusetts,scientistsfound63speciesofplantsinlawns,30percentofwhichwerenativetothestate.MostoftheA

mericansprobablyloveddandelionsaschildrenbuthavetendedtohatethemasadultsbecauseofAmericanlawnculture,whichallowsnoflowers.“NoMowMayforces

ustothinkaboutourrelationshipwithnature.Weshouldreflectonthewaywehavemadenaturesuitourneeds,andrealizeflowersplayreallyimportantroles,”saysDr.Claudio

Gratton.1.WhatisthebackgroundtoNoMowMayintheUS?A.Nativebeespeciesareincreasing.B.Thereisatendencytoprotectbees.C.Bees

mainlydependongardenplants.D.Morepeoplehavenotimetocutlawns.2.WhatdoweknowabouttheNoMowMay?A.Itneedsalmostnocost.B.FewAmericanss

upportit.C.Itisaimedatgrowingdandelions.D.Itappealsforcarefulattentiontothelawns.3.Whatdoestheunderlinedpart“posterchild”

inparagraph4probablymean?A.Slightelement.B.Rareexception.C.Typicalexample.D.Difficultproblem.4.Whichofthefollow

ingagreeswithAmericanlawnculture?A.Abee-friendlylawn.B.Aregularlycutlawn.C.Alawngrowingnaturally.D.Alawnwithnativeflowers.Passage2(2

023安徽安庆二模)Interactivesoftwarethat“reads”andanalysesfootprintsleftbyblackrhinos(犀牛)canbeusedtomonitorthemovementsoftheanimalsinthewild,givingco

nservationistsanewwaytokeepwatchontheendangeredspeciesandhelpkeepitsafefrompoachers(偷猎者),accordingtoaDukeUniversity-ledstudy.Thesof

tware,calledtheFootprintIdentificationTechnique(FIT),usesadvancedtechnologytoanalyzemorethan100measurementsofarhino’sfootp

rint.Becauseeachrhino’sfootprintisasspecialasahumanfingerprint,theanalyzedimagescanbecollectedelectr

onicallyinaglobaldatabaseofpreviouslycollectedfootprintimagesformatching.“Ifyoufindamatch,youcanidentifytheindividualanimalwholeftt

hemarkand,byplottingthelocationsofalltheotherplaceswheremarkshavebeenseen,trackitsmovementswithoutdisturbingitorcomingintoc

loseenoughcontactwithit,”saidZoeJewell,aprofessoratDukeUniversity’sNicholasSchooloftheEnvironment,whoco-

ledthestudyandisco-creatorofFIT.“It’sacost-effectiveapproachthatnotonlyprotectsthehealthoftherhinoandthehu

man,butalsobringsacenturies-oldtrackingskillintothe21stCentury,”shesaid.Jewellandhercolleaguesarenowwork

ingwithNamibia’sMinistryofEnvironment,ForestryandTourismtotrainwildlifeconservationists,landmanagersandlocalguideshowtouseFIT.Nami

biaishometoanestimated2,000blackrhinos,orabout90%ofthespecies’totalpopulationworldwide.Thoughlegallyownedbythegovernment,theanimalsaredistr

ibutedgeographicallyonprivatelandsacrossthecountry.TheFITsoftwarecanalsodoasurveyoffootprintsthroughouttheprotectedareaandtakemeasurem

entsfromeachfootprinttoestimatethenumberofrhinosinthatarea.Thiscanbeusefulinformationforcalculationresourceneedstomonitortheanimalseffectively.Thi

screatesaninteractivelibrarythatanti-poachingpatrols(反偷猎巡逻)canusetosearchforanimalsatthehighestrisk,

includingthosewhosefootprintshaven’tbeenshowingupinrecentyears.5.Whatisthepurposeofthesoftware?A.Topro

motethedevelopmentoftechnology.B.Toprotectblackrhinosfrombeinghunted.C.Toanalyzethefootprintsofillegalpoachers.D

.Tosaveendangeredspeciesacrosstheworld.6.What’stheadvantageofthesoftware?A.Itownsvariousfunctions.B.Itgoestothemar

ket.C.Itisperfectlypractical.D.Itismorethanpopular.7.WhatdoesZoeJewellsayabouttheapproach?A.Itbringsthebestadvantageforthe

lowestcost.B.Ithelpsincreasethepopulationofblackrhinos.C.Itraisespeople’sawarenessoftheenvironment.D.Itstrengthens

thetiebetweenhumansandnature.8.Whichofthefollowingbestdescribesthefutureofrhinos?A.Optimistic.B.Hopeless.C.Worrying.D.Uncertain.Passage3(2023四

川凉山二诊)Thesedays,EarthDayiscelebratedeveryyearonApril22inschoolsandcitiesacrosstheUnitedStates.Therea

reclassprojects,programs,treeplantingsandmanyotherofficialevents.So,itmaybehardtorealizethatwhenitfirststarted,EarthDay

wasconsideredaradical(激进的)protest.Themodernenvironmentalmovementbeganinthe1960s.Itwasatimeofthegenerationgap.Youngpeoplewereactingoutagai

nsttheirparents’wayoflife.CollegecampuseswererockedbydemonstrationagainstthewarinVietnamandotherissues.Inthemiddleofthis,in197

0,aUSsenator(参议员)fromWisconsinnamedGaylordNelsoncameupwiththeideaforEarthDay.Ashelaterexplainedit,theideawastochannel“thestudentanti-war

energy”intotheenvironmentalcause.Alotofyoungpeoplefeltthatsciencewastheenemy.Thiswasinspiteofthefactthatalotofthepeoplewhowerewarn

ingthepublicaboutairandwaterpollutionandanimalsindangerwerescientists.Afterall,wasn’tittechnology—cars,housingdevelopmentsandfactories—thatwasc

ausingtheproblembyspreadingpollutionanddestroyingnature?SomeadultswhohadthoughtEarthDaysupportershadgonetoofarmadefunofthem.Theycalledt

hem“treehuggers”.Environmentalistswererightthattechnologyhadtobecontrolled.Lawsandregulationswereneededtomakesurethatbothindustryandscienceactedre

sponsibly.Still,sciencegotabadname.Itwasasifyouhadtochooseeitherscienceornature.Youcouldn’thaveboth.Lately,though,thesituationhaschanged.Weh

avecometoseethatscienceandtheenvironmentdonothavetobeenemies.Technologycanbeusedtoprotecttheenvironment,notdestroyit.Lookatallt

headvancesincleanenergythathavecomefromscience.JustasEarthDayhasevolved,sohasourviewofscienceandnature.Weknowtodaythatwedonoth

avetochoosebetweenthetwo.Instead,weunderstandthatscienceisoneofthemaintoolswecanusetoprotecttheenvironment.Youcanbeascientistanda“tre

ehugger”.That’sbigadvancementforscienceandgreatnewsfortrees.9.WhatdostudentsusuallydoonEarthDay?A.Cutdowntree

s.B.Joininaprotest.C.Launchaninvestigation.D.Completeaclassproject.10.WhydidGaylordNelsonsuggestcelebratingEarthDay?A.

Toencourageyoungstudentstoprotectnature.B.Todirectthepublic’sattentiontoenvironmentalchanges.C.Totakestud

ents’attentionawayfromanti-wardemonstration.D.Tonarrowthegenerationgapbetweenyoungpeopleandtheirparents.11.Whatdid

someadultsthinkof“treehuggers”?A.Tooextreme.B.Quiterational.C.Veryknowledgeable.D.Reallyconsiderate.12

.Whichstatementissupportedbytheauthor?A.Peoplehavetochooseeitherscienceornature.B.Nowadayssciencecanse

rvetoprotecttheenvironment.C.Sciencehasbeenplayingapositivepartthewholetime.D.Thedevelopmentofsciencedoesha

rmtotheenvironment.答案：Passage1[语篇解读]本文是一篇说明文。“NoMowMay”运动起源于英国,并在北美迅速扩展开来。通过这项活动,人们可以为草坪留下自由生长的花,以此让蜜蜂授粉。这一活动不仅有利于生

态环境,而且可以让人反思自己与自然的关系。1.B细节理解题。根据第一段可知,NoMowMay在美国的背景是有一种保护蜜蜂的趋势。2.A推理判断题。根据第二段可推知,这项运动几乎不用任何费用。3.C词义猜测题。根据画线词后文“otherplants—i

ncludingnativespecies—mayalsoappearinyourlawn”可知,蒲公英是“NoMowMay”运动扩展后常见的花,而这项运动也会让草坪上长出其他种类的花。即蒲公英是“NoMowMay”运

动的典型例子。故可推断,画线部分意为“典型例子”。4.B推理判断题。根据第二段中“Itspopularityliesinitsbeingsimple:Justgivebeesahelpduringthecrucialspringtimebyremovingachorefromyou

rlistandlettingyourlawngrowforthemonthofMay.”及最后一段中“MostoftheAmericansprobablyloveddandelionsaschildrenbuthavetendedtohatethemas

adultsbecauseofAmericanlawnculture,whichallowsnoflowers.”可知,一块定期修剪的草坪才是符合美国草坪文化的。Passage2[语篇解读]本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一款新的软件,这款名为FIT

的软件可以用来监控野生动物的活动,同时帮助保护主义者来监视濒危物种,并保护这些濒危物种免受偷猎者的伤害。5.B细节理解题。根据第一段“Interactivesoftwarethat‘reads’andanalysesfootprintsleftbyblackr

hinoscanbeusedtomonitorthemovementsoftheanimalsinthewild,givingconservationistsanewwaytokeepwatchontheendangeredspeciesandhelpkeepit

safefrompoachers,accordingtoaDukeUniversity-ledstudy.”可知,交互式软件可以用来监控野生动物的活动,同时给保护主义者提供了一种新的方法来监视濒危物种,并帮助保护它们免受偷猎者的伤害。

6.C细节理解题。根据第二段“Thesoftware,calledtheFootprintIdentificationTechnique(FIT),usesadvancedtechnologytoanalyzemorethan100me

asurementsofarhino’sfootprint.Becauseeachrhino’sfootprintisasspecialasahumanfingerprint,theanalyzedimagescanbecollectedelect

ronicallyinaglobaldatabaseofpreviouslycollectedfootprintimagesformatching.”可知,这款软件可以通过采集犀牛的足迹,然后会和先前收集的足迹图像的全球数据库进行匹配。可推知,这款软

件是非常实用的。7.A推理判断题。根据第四段第一句“‘It’sacost-effectiveapproachthatnotonlyprotectsthehealthoftherhinoandthehuman,butalsobringsacenturies-o

ldtrackingskillintothe21stCentury,’shesaid.”可知,ZoeJewell认为它以最低的成本带来最大的优势。8.A推理判断题。根据第一段和最后一段可知,FIT软件可以用来监控野生动物的活动,同时帮助保护主义者来监视濒危物种,并

保护这些濒危物种免受偷猎者的伤害。FIT可以对整个保护区的足迹进行调查,并对每个足迹进行测量,以估计该区域的犀牛数量,因而未来犀牛的数量应该是朝着人们期望的方向发展。Passage3[语篇解读]本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了地球日的起源和发展以及作者希望人们转变观念——科学可以为保

护环境服务。9.D细节理解题。根据第一段中“Thereareclassprojects,programs,treeplantingsandmanyotherofficialevents.”可知,学生通常在地球日可以完成班级项目。故选D项。10.C细节理解题。根据第二段中“Ashelat

erexplainedit,theideawastochannel‘thestudentanti-warenergy’intotheenvironmentalcause.”可知,盖洛德·尼尔森是想把学生的注意力从反战示威上转移

开。故选C项。11.A推理判断题。根据第三段中“SomeadultswhohadthoughtEarthDaysupportershadgonetoofarmadefunofthem.Theycalledthem‘treehuggers’.”可知,一些成年

人认为地球日的支持者的做法太过火了,换句话说,一些成年人认为地球日的支持者们的做法太极端了。故选A项。12.B细节理解题。根据最后一段中“Instead,weunderstandthatscienceisoneofthe

maintoolswecanusetoprotecttheenvironment.”可知,作者支持的观点是现如今科学可以为保护环境服务。故选B项。词汇积累:1.(Passage1)atriskof冒着……危险2.(Passage1)popularityn.受欢迎3.(Passage1)bena

tiveto原产于,源于……的4.(Passage1)reflecton仔细考虑,思考5.(Passage2)keepwatchon监视6.(Passage2)showup出现7.(Passage3)protestn.抗议,反对8.(Passage3)demonstrati

onn.游行示威9.(Passage3)regulationn.规章制度,法规熟词生义:(Passage2)plotvt.(在地图上)画出(Passage3)rockvt.使震惊,惊吓长难句分析:(Passage2)Thiscr

eatesaninteractivelibrarythatanti-poachingpatrols(反偷猎巡逻)canusetosearchforanimalsatthehighestrisk,includingthosewhosefootprintshaven’tbeensh

owingupinrecentyears.分析:本句为复合句。thatanti-poachingpatrols(反偷猎巡逻)canusetosearchforanimalsatthehighestrisk为tha

t引导的定语从句;whosefootprintshaven’tbeenshowingupinrecentyears为whose引导的定语从句。句意:这创建了一个交互式库,反偷猎巡逻队可以使用它来搜索风险最高的动物,包括那些近年来没有出

现脚印的动物。