【文档说明】2023届高考二轮总复习试题 英语 （适用于老高考旧教材） 专题一 阅读理解 考点分类练12　主旨大意题——段落大意类 Word版含解析.docx，共(6)页，28.654 KB，由小赞的店铺上传

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考点分类练(十二)主旨大意题——段落大意类Passage1(2022黑龙江齐齐哈尔一模)Theworldisgettinggreener,accordingtoanewstudypublishedinNatureth

isweek.ChiChen,leadauthorofthestudy,andhiscolleagueshavebeenminingdatacollectedbyanorbitingNASAcamerathatmonitorsgree

nvegetationonEarth’ssurface,daybyday.Evenmoreinteresting:Theyareabletoshowtheexactcausesofincreasingordecreasingleafcoverinparticularareas.Inso

mecoldplaces,increaseinleafcoverapparentlyresultedfromglobalwarming.Sincetheclimateisbecomingmoreandmoretemperateandthegrowingseasonisge

ttinglongerandlonger,theplantsaregrowingbiggerandleafierthere.“OnelargeareaofBrazillostvegetation.Ipersonallycheckedthedata,andthat’sbecaus

eoflackofrain,”Chensaid.Themoststrikingchanges,though,weretheresultofhumandecisionsinChinaandIndia.Bothcountrieshavebeengetti

ngalotgreener.ThegreeningofIndia,Chensays,comesfromahugeexpansionofirrigatedagriculture.“Insteadofhavingjustcropswhenit’sraining,

theyalsohaveawholesixmonthsofcroppingandgreennesswhenit’snotraining,”hesays.“Thisversionofgreeningisn’treallysogreatfortheenvironment,though.Thei

rrigationdrainsgroundwater,vegetationiswipedawayatharvesttimeandtheextrachemicalsfarmersuseproducegreenhousegases.”InChina,though,abo

uthalfofthenewleafcoverthatChendetectedappearstobetheresultofamassivereforestationeffort.It’sagovernment-

supportedattempttopreventdisastrousduststormsthatresultedfromearlierdeforestation.“Theyarereallydoingagoodjob,”Chensays.“Theyhavealargeandcompreh

ensivetree-plantingprogram.Thosetreeswillstayinplace,capturing(捕捉)dustandalsoCO2,thegreenhousegas.They’llstoreitinwood,rootsandsoil,doingtheirpa

rttoslowglobalwarming.”1.Whichofthefollowingbestexplainstheunderlinedword“temperate”inparagraph3?A.Warm.B.Wet.C.Cold

D.Dry.2.WhathasledtothedecreaseofleafcoverintheBrazilianarea?A.Treecutting.B.Dryweather.C.Seasonalharvest.D.Desertification.3.HowdoesChiC

henprobablyfeelaboutthegreeninginIndia?A.Excited.B.Puzzled.C.Worried.D.Annoyed.4.Whatisthelastparagraphmainlyabout?

A.Thebenefitsoftreeplanting.B.Theharmofglobalwarming.C.ThecostsofgreeninginChina.D.Thecauseofgreening

inChina.Passage2(2022吉林延边一模)Manypeoplehavewarmmemoriesofplayinggameswhilegrowingup.Doyourememberrunningaroundoutsideasachildplayingrock-paper-

scissors?Youmaynothaverealizedit,butgamesareaveryimportantpartoflife.Duringprehistorictimes,humanswouldplayagamecalledKnucklebones

.ToplayKnucklebones,theplayerswouldbalancesmallobjectslikesheepanklebonesonthetopoftheirhands,toss(抛掷)themintotheair,andthentrytocatchasmanyaspos

sible.Butwhydopeoplelovegamessomuch?Theyarefuntoplay,butthatisn’ttheonlyreason.Formost,gamesare“likecho

colate:aguiltypleasureconsumedsecretly”,Canadian-AmericangamedesignerSidMeiersaid,“Theyhaveaseriesofinterestingchoices.”Therock-paper-scissorsgameis

justanexample.Ineveryturn,peoplemakeajudgment,whichisoftenbasedontheirpersonalitiesandpastexperiences.“Navigatingthesechoicesshapesthecourseofpl

ay,revealingwhoweareandhowwethink,”TheNewYorkTimesnoted.“Playingagameisanactofexposition(展示).”Gamessuchasthisrequireafa

sterwayofthinkingthanineverydaylife.Butinterestingly,whenthegameisover,theplayerscanswitchoutofacompetitionmodequicklyandreturnton

ormal.“Itseparatesagamefromreality,”SamVonEhrenofTheNewYorkTimeswrote.“Wecanenterandexitthemagiccirclefre

ely.”Gamescanalsobeusedtohelpimprovecriticalthinkingskills.JusttakeGoasanexample.GoisagamethatwasmadeinancientChin

a,anditisstillevenplayedtoday.Eventhoughwedon’texactlyknowhowGostarted,manyresearchersthinkitwasinventedtohelpteachtacticsandstrategyskills.Eve

ntoday,gamesarebeingusedtohelpsolvereal-worldproblems.Thesetypesofgamesarecalledseriousgames,andtheyareusedtohelpfi

ndsolutionstoproblemsinfieldssuchaseducationandhealthcare,amongothers.Perhapsplayinggameshelpsustothinkoutsidethebo

xinafunandinterestingway.5.Whatdoesparagraph2mainlytellus?A.ThewaytoplayKnucklebones.B.Thedevelopment

ofKnucklebones.C.ThepopularityofKnucklebones.D.TheobjectsofKnucklebones.6.Whatcanwesayabouttherock-pap

er-scissorsgame?A.Itisagameofeatingchocolate.B.Itshowstheplayers’personalities.C.Thewayofthinkingisanecessaryrule.D.Judgmentsdecidetheplayers’past

experiences.7.Whatdoestheunderlinedwordinparagraph6mean?A.Awareness.B.Emotion.C.Politeness.D.Method.8.Whatcanweinferabou

tgames?A.Gamesarenothingbutfunandinteresting.B.Gamesareseriousintheworldofadults.C.Playinggamesmayencouragecreativity.D.

Weshouldplaygameswhilesolvingproblems.Passage3(2022江西九江二模)Anewstudywarns1,500endangeredlanguagescouldnolongerbespoke

nbytheendofthiscentury.Thestudy,ledbyTheAustralianNationalUniversity(ANU),identifiedpredictorsthatputendangeredlanguage

sathighrisk.Co-authorProfessorLindellBromhamsaidthatoftheworld’s7,000recognizedlanguages,aroundhalfwerecurrentlyendangered.“

Wefoundthatwithoutimmediateintervention,languagelosscouldtripleinthenext40years.Andbytheendofthiscentury,1,500languagescouldceasetobesp

oken.”Theirstudyfindsthewidestrangeoffactorseverputtingendangeredlanguagesunderpressure.Onefindingwasthatmoreyearsofschoolingincrea

sedtheleveloflanguageendangerment.Theresearcherssayitshowsweneedtobuildcurriculathatsupportbilingualeduca

tion,promotingbothnativelanguageproficiencyaswellasuseofregionally-dominantlanguages.“Acrossthe51fac

torsorpredictorsweinvestigated,wealsofoundsomereallyunexpectedandsurprisingpressurepoints.Thisincludedroaddensity,”Profe

ssorBromhamsaid.Headded,“Contactwithotherlocallanguagesisnottheproblem.Butwefoundthatthemoreroadsthereare,connectingthecountrytocities,andvillag

estotowns,thehighertheriskoflanguagesbeingendangered.It’sasifroadsarehelpingdominant(主导的)languages‘steamroll’overothersmallerlanguages.”Prof

essorBromhamsaidthestudy’sfindingswereavitalreminderthatmoreactionwasurgentlyneededtopreserveat-risklanguages.Headded,“Whenalangua

geislost,oris‘sleeping’aswesayforlanguagesthatarenolongerspoken,welosesomuchofourhumanculturaldiversity.Everylanguage

isbrilliantinitsownway.Manyofthelanguagespredictedtobelostthiscenturystillhavefluentspeakers,sothereisstillthechancetoinvestinsupportin

gcommunitiestobringnativelanguagesbacktolifeandkeepthemstrongforfuturegenerations.”9.Whichsuggestionismentionedtosave

theendangeredlanguages?A.Settingupbilingualcourses.B.Avoidingbuildingmoreroads.C.Openingmorelocalschools.D.Contactingdifferentlanguages.10.Whatdoesth

eauthormainlytellusinparagraph3?A.Someexactexamplesforthenewresearch.B.Detailedwaystohelpdominantlanguages.C.Differentfactorstobrightenat

-risklanguages.D.Elementstomakeendangeredlanguagesatrisk.11.What’sBromham’sattitudetowardssavingat-risklanguages?A.Indifferent.B

.Hopeless.C.Optimistic.D.Uncertain.12.Whatcanbethebesttitleforthetext?A.1,500endangeredlanguagesathighrisk.B.Anewst

udyconcerningdominantlanguages.C.Reasonsputtinglanguagesunderpressure.D.Somegoodwaystosaveendangeredlanguages.考点分类练(十二)主旨

大意题——段落大意类Passage1【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了ChiChen及同事利用在轨卫星的地面监控数据分析全球绿地面积的变化。1.A解析词义猜测题。根据画线词前“Insomecoldplaces,increaseinleaf

coverapparentlyresultedfromglobalwarming.”及后面的“andthegrowingseasonisgettinglongerandlonger,theplantsaregro

wingbiggerandleafierthere”可知,植物长得越来越大,叶子也越来越多是因为气候变暖。因此画线词temperate意为“暖和的”,故选A项。2.B解析细节理解题。根据第四段中“Ipersonallycheckedthedata,andthat’

sbecauseoflackofrain”可知,巴西地区树叶覆盖的减少是因为天气干燥。3.C解析推理判断题。根据第六段中“Thisversionofgreeningisn’treallysogreat...useproducegreenhou

segases.”可知,过度耕种会对环境造成负面影响。由此推知,ChiChen对印度的过度耕作所造成的绿地面积增加感到担心。4.D解析主旨大意题。根据最后一段的“InChina,though,abouthalf...resultedfromearlierdeforestation.”可

知,最后一段主要讲的是中国的绿化事业。Passage2【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲的是玩游戏的好处。5.A解析主旨大意题。根据第二段中“ToplayKnucklebones,theplayerswoul

d...andthentrytocatchasmanyaspossible.”可知,第二段主要讲的是玩Knucklebones这个游戏的方法,即ThewaytoplayKnucklebones。6.B解析细节理解题。根据第四段中“Therock-paper-scissorsgamei

sjustanexample...‘Playingagameisanactofexposition.’”可知,石头剪刀布游戏展示了玩家的个性。7.D解析词义猜测题。根据第六段中“Gamescanalsobeusedtohelpimprovecriticalthink

ingskills.JusttakeGoasanexample.”和“manyresearchersthinkitwasinventedtohelpteach”和“andstrategyskills”可知,围棋是为了帮助教和“策略技巧”类似的东西,也就

是“方法”,因此画线词tactics的意思是“方法”,和method意思相近。8.C解析推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Perhapsplayinggameshelpsustothinkoutsidetheboxinafunandinterestingway.”可推断出,玩游戏也许会激发创造

力。Passage3【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。一项新的研究表明,到本世纪末,1500种濒临灭绝的语言将不再被使用,如果不立即进行干预,语言丧失将在未来40年增加两倍。9.A解析细节理解题。根据文章第三段中“Theresearcherssayitshows...useofregional

ly-dominantlanguages.”可知,拯救濒危语言的建议是开设双语课程。10.D解析主旨大意题。根据第三段的主要内容,尤其是第一句“Theirstudyfindsthewidestrangeoffactorseverputtingendangeredla

nguagesunderpressure.”可知,第三段主要讲的是这些造成语言濒临灭绝的因素。11.C解析推理判断题。根据文章最后一段中“Manyofthelanguagespredicted...strongforf

uturegenerations.”推知,布罗姆对拯救濒危语言持乐观的态度。