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随着工业化的发展，机器人将被更加广泛地运用于生产和生活之中。让我们通过下面的这篇短文了解一下与机器人有关的基本知识吧！RobotFactsWhatarerobots?Theword“robot”comesfrom

theCzechword“robota”whichmeans“forcedworkorlabor”.Weusetheword“robot”todaytomeananyman­mademachinethatcanperformworkorotheractionsnorma

llyperformedbyhumans.Whatdorobotsdo?Mostrobotstodayareusedtodojobsconsideredtoodangerousandboringforhumans.Theyarealsouse

dinfactoriestobuildthingslikecarsandelectronics.Somerobotsareevendesignedtoexploreunderwaterandotherplanets.Whyuserobots?Thereaso

nweuserobotsisthatitischeaper,easierandsometimestheonlywaythatwecangetthingsdone.Robotscanexplorevolcanoes,Marsand

otherplacesthataretoodangerousforhumanstogo.Robotscanalsodoonethingoverandoveragainwithoutgettingbored.Anotherreasontouserobotsisthattheynevergetsick

andtheydon’tneedtotakeadayoff.Whatarerobotsmadeof?Well,robotscanbemadefromavarietyofmaterialsincludingmetals

andplasticsandmostrobotsusuallyhaveatleast3mainparts：(1)Thecontroller,alsoknownasthe“brain”，whichisrunbyacomputerprogram;(2)Mechanical(机械的)part

ssuchasmotorsandwheelsthatmaketherobotmove;(3)Sensors(传感器)—totelltherobotaboutitssurroundings.Thesepartsworkingtogeth

ercontrolhowtherobotoperates.Withoutthecontrolleror“brain”，motorsandsensors,robotswouldnotbeabletofunction.Robotli

mitations(局限性).Unlikethoseinthemovies,robotsareunabletothinkormakedecisions;theyareonlytoolstohelpusgetthingsdone.

Butwhoknowswhatrobotsmaybeabletodointhefuture.Maybeyouwilldesignthe“SuperRobot”oftomorrow.SectionⅠWel

cometotheunit&Reading—WarmingUp[基础词汇]1．evolutionn．演变，发展；进化2．drawbackn.缺点，缺陷；不利条件3．principlen.原理，法则；道德原则，行为准则4．percentagen.百分

率，百分比5．componentn.组成部分，成分，部件6．portableadj.便携式的，轻便的7．digitaladj.数字信息系统的，数码的，数字式的[拓展词汇]8．constructvt.制造；修筑，建造→cons

tructionn.建造，修筑9．accessibleadj.可使用的；可接触到的；可到达的；易理解的→accessn.享用权，通道10．distributevt.使分布，分散；分发，分配；分销→dist

ributionn.分发，分配11．eventuallyadv.最后，终于→eventualadj.最终的；可能的12．adaptationn.适应；改编本，改写本→adaptv.适应，改编→adaptableadj.能适应的13．scepticaladj.怀疑的→scepticallyadv.怀

疑性地1．keepintouchwith与……保持联系2．contributeto导致；有助于，对……贡献3．inthedevelopmentof...在……的发展过程中4．incolor彩色的5．benefitfrom从……获益6．windup上发条7．alongwith

和……一起，随着；除……以外8．keeppacewith与……齐步前进1．notuntil的强调句型JohnLogieBairdconstructedthefirstcolourTVin1928,butitwasnotuntil193

8thatthefirstcolourTVprogrammewasbroadcast.约翰·洛吉·贝尔德于1928年制造出第一台彩色电视机，但直到1938年第一个彩色电视节目才播出。2．“花多少时间做

某事”句型Ittookmorethantwodecades,though,until1951,forregularcolourTVbroadcaststobeginintheUSA.但是过了二十多年，直到1951年，彩色电视节目才开始定期在美国播出。3．with的复合结构S

atellitesallowTVtobebroadcastliveovervastdistances,witheveryonereceivingthesamebroadcastatthesametime．卫星让远距离直播电视节目成为可能，大家在同一时间可以收看到相

同的电视节目。4．when引导的非限制性定语从句Itallbeganin1877,whenThomasEdisonmadethefirstrecordingofahumanvoiceonhisinvention,therecordpl

ayer.一切始于1877年，这一年托马斯·爱迪生用他发明的留声机第一次录制了人的声音。ⅠScanthetextandjudgethefollowingsentencesTrue(T)orFalse(F).1．ModernTVsusemanyprinciplesfirstdiscover

edbyJohnLogieBaird.()2．ColourTVbecamepopularwithinjustafewyearsafteritwasinvented.()3．SatellitesallowTVtobebroadcastliveovervastdistances.()4．Tradi

tionalrecordsandcassettesdonotofferasgoodasoundqualityasCDs.()答案：1－4.FFTTⅡReadthetextcarefullyandchooset

hebestanswer.1．Accordingtothepassage,whatdothesixsubtitlesshowus?A．Thedifferentstagesofthedevelopmentofvideoandsoundde

vices.B．ThehistoryofTVandaudiodevices.C．Theoriginofvideoandsounddevices.D．Taperecordersandplayers.2．Howisthereadingpassagemainlyorganized?A．I

tisorganizedinorderofplace.B．Itisorganizedinorderoftime.C．Itisorganizedinorderofplot.D．Itisorganizedinor

derofthecharacters.3．Whatisthemainideaofthepassage?A．HowtouseTV,videoandsounddevices.B．Theevolutionofvideoandsounddevices.C．ThehistoryofTV.D．Thehis

toryofsounddevices.4．Whichofthefollowingbestshowsthestructureofthepassage？(T＝title①＝subtitle1②＝subtitle2③＝subtitle3④＝subtitle4⑤＝sub

title5⑥＝subtitle6)答案：1－4.ABBCⅢAnalyzethefollowingdifficultsentenceinthetext.TheyalsomakeTVaccessibletopeoplewholivefarawayfrom

cities,andsatellitedishescanoftenbeseendistributedthroughoutthecountrysideandremoteareas.本句是一个由并列连词and连接的并列句；第一个分句TheyalsomakeTV

accessibletopeople中makeTVaccessibletopeople是make＋宾语＋________结构；wholivefarawayfromcities是________从句，修饰先行词people；在第二个分句中，satellitedishes是句子

的________，distributed是主语的补语，throughoutthecountrysideandremoteareas是介词短语作状语。[尝试翻译]它们也使____________可以收看电视，在____________经常

可以看到分散的卫星天线。答案：宾补；定语；主语；远离城市的人们；农村和边远地区Theevolution①ofvideoandsounddevices②EarlyhistoryofTVThefirstpublicTVbroadcastsweremadeintheUSAin1925.

Later,in1928,thefirstlong-distance③TVbroadcastwasmadebetweentheUKandtheUSA.Regularpublicbroadcastingfollowedshortlyaft

erwards④，firstbeginningon11May1928inNewYorkandon20August1929inLondon⑤.Manydifferentpeoplecontributedt

o⑥thedevelopmentofTV.MostearlyTVbroadcastsweremadeusingasystemdevelopedbyJohnLogieBaird⑦intheUK.However，hissystemwasveryprimitiv

e⑧andhadmanydrawbacks⑨.AnAmerican，PhiloFarnsworth，madeimportantbreakthroughs⑩inthedevelopment⑪ofTVinthelate1920s⑫an

dearly1930s.ModernTVsusemanyoftheprinciples⑬firstdiscoveredbyFarnsworth.JohnLogieBairdconstructed⑭thefirstcolourTVin1928，butitw

asnotuntil1938thatthefirstcolourTVprogrammewasbroadcast⑮.Ittookmorethantwodecades，though，until1951，forregularcolourTVbroadcaststobeginintheUSA.

RegularcolourTVbroadcastsweredelayed⑯intheUKuntil1967.However,withinashorttimenearlyallTVbroadcastsweremadeincol

our,andwithinfiveyearsmorecolourTVsthanblack-and-white⑰TVswerebeingused.①evolution[ˌiːvə'luːʃn]n.演变，发

展；进化withtheevolutionof随着……的演变②device[dI'vaIs]n.装置；设备③long­distance是由“形容词＋名词”构成的合成形容词，在句中通常作定语，意思是“远距离的；长途的”。④afterwardsadv.以后，后

来⑤现在分词短语beginningon...作伴随状语。⑥contributeto贡献，捐献；有助于makecontributionsto对……做贡献⑦现在分词短语usingasystemdevelopedby...在句中作方式状语；其中过去

分词短语developedby...作asystem的后置定语。⑧primitiveadj.原始的，远古的⑨drawback['drɔːbæk]n.缺点，缺陷；不利条件⑩makebreakthroughs取得突破⑪developmentn．开发

，研制；发展⑫inthelate1920s在20世纪20年代末期⑬principle['prInsəpl]n.原理，法则；道德原则，行为准则⑭construct[kən'strʌkt]vt.制造；修筑，建造⑮本句为强调句

型，在此强调时间状语notuntil1938。⑯delay[dI'leI]vt.&vi.(使)推迟，延迟n.延误，延迟⑰black-and-white[ˌblækən'waIt]adj.黑白的影像和声音设备的

发展电视的早期历史无线电视传输节目于1925年在美国首次公开播出。随后在1928年，英美两国之间第一次实现了远距离电视播送。之后不久便开始定期向公众播放，在纽约的首次开播时间是1928年5月11日，在伦敦的首次开播时间是1929年8月20日。很多不同的人对电视的发展做出了贡献。早期

电视大多使用由英国人约翰·洛吉·贝尔德开发的系统。然而，他的系统非常原始，有许多缺点。20世纪20年代末和30年代初，美国人斐洛·法恩斯沃斯在电视的研发上取得了重大突破。现代电视机使用了许多由法恩斯沃斯首

先发现的原理。约翰·洛吉·贝尔德于1928年制造出第一台彩色电视机，但直到1938年第一个彩色电视节目才播出。但是过了二十多年，直到1951年，彩色电视节目才开始定期在美国播出。彩色电视节目有规律的播放在英国推迟到1967年。然而，在短时间内，几乎所有的电视节目都被制作成

了彩色的，不到五年，彩色电视机的使用率就超过了黑白电视机。Themodernage：satelliteTVSatelliteswereusedtobroadcast⑱TVbeginningin1962.SatellitesallowTVtobe

broadcast⑲liveovervastdistances,witheveryonereceivingthesamebroadcastatthesametime⑳.TheyalsomakeTVaccessibletopeo

plewholivefarawayfromcities，andsatellitedishescanoftenbeseendistributedthroughoutthecountrysideandremotear­eas.Ofcourse,onlyasmallpercenta

geofpeopleownsatellitedishes.However，mostpeoplestillbenefitfromsatelliteTV，aslocalTVcompaniesbroadcastthesignalstheygetfromsatell

itereceiverstothepopulationlivingnearby.EarlyhistoryofsoundrecordersItallbeganin1877,whenThomasEdisonmadethe

firstrecordingofahumanvoiceonhisinvention,therecordplayer.Earlyrecordplayersusedroundtubestorecordon.How

ever,in1887EmileBerliner,aGermanlivingintheUSA,inventedarecordplayerthatuseddiscsasalternativestotubes,an

dsothemodernrecordplayerwasborn.Thefirstrecordplayershadtobewoundupbyhandandonlyplayedrecordsthatweretwominu

teslong.Timessurelyhavechanged！⑱beusedtodosth.被用来做某事⑲tobebroadcast是动词不定式的被动语态形式。⑳atthesametime同时with复合结构，在句

中作伴随状语。accessible[ək'sesəbl]adj.可使用的；可接触到的；可到达的；易理解的。后常搭配介词to。who引导定语从句，修饰people。satellitedishn．卫星电视碟形天线distribu

te[dI'strIbjuːt]vt.使分布，分散；分发，分配；分销percentage[pə'sentIdʒ]n.百分率，百分比alarge/smallpercentageof大部分/小部分……benefitfrom从……中受益rec

eiver[rI'siːvə(r)]n.无线电接收机；听筒，受话器；接受者as引导原因状语从句；在此从句中，theygetfromsatellitereceivers是定语从句，修饰signals;livingnearby是现在分词短语作后置定语，修饰thepopu

lation。whenThomasEdisonmade...是非限制性定语从句，修饰1877。therecordplayer作invention的同位语。tube[tjuːb]n.管子；管状物；伦敦地铁现在分词短语livingintheUSA作后置定语，修饰aGer

man。disc[dIsk]n.唱片；(计算机)磁盘wind[waInd]vt.&vi.上发条；缠绕；蜿蜒；曲折windup上发条byhand手工that引导定语从句，修饰records。当代：卫星电视卫

星用于播送电视节目始于1962年。卫星让远距离直播电视节目成为可能，大家在同一时间可以收看到相同的电视节目。它们也使远离城市的人们可以收看电视，在农村和边远地区经常可以看到分散的卫星天线。当然，拥有卫星天线的人很少

，占有很小的百分比。然而，大多数人仍然受益于卫星电视，因为当地的电视公司把从卫星接收器收到的信号传送给附近的居民。录音机的早期历史一切始于1877年，这一年托马斯·爱迪生用他发明的留声机第一次录制了人的声音。早期的录音机是使用圆管记录声音的。然而，在188

7年，一位侨居美国的德国人埃米尔·贝利纳发明了使用唱片来代替圆管的留声机，这样现代录音机就诞生了。第一批留声机必须用手摇，而且只能播放两分钟的录音。时代确实已经改变！SoundandvideorecordersIn1928，thefirsttaperecordersusedtocopysound

weremadeinGermany.Mostearlyrecordersemployedsteeltapetorecordon,whichmadethemheavyanddifficulttouse,orpapertape，whichwa

seasiertousebutoftenbroke.Itwasnotuntiltheearly1950sthatmosttaperecordersbeganusingplastictapeasth

eydotoday☺.Meanwhile,electricalcomponentseventuallybecamesosmallthat,bythelate1960s,portablecassetteplayersweredevelo

ped,alongwithvideorecorderswhichwereusedbyTVstations.Bythelate1970s,videorecorderssmallandcheapenough

forhomeusewereintroduced.过去分词短语作后置定语，修饰thefirsttaperecorders。which引导非限制性定语从句，修饰steeltape。which引导非限制性定语从句，修饰papertape。Itwasnotuntil...t

hat...是强调句式，强调时间状语notuntiltheearly1950s。☺astheydotoday是as引导的方式状语从句。meanwhile与此同时(＝inthemeanwhile/meantime)component[kəm'pəʊnənt]n.组成部分，成分，部件eve

ntually[I'ventʃʊəlI]adv.最后，终于so...that...句式，其中that引导结果状语从句。portable['pɔːtəbl]adj.便携式的，轻便的cassette[kə

'set]n.盒式磁带，卡式磁带alongwith连同……一起，随同……一起which引导定语从句，修饰videorecorders。enough用作副词，修饰形容词或副词时要后置。录音机和录像机1928年，第一批磁带录音机在德国制造出来。大多数早期的录音机用钢质磁带或者纸质磁带录音。

钢质磁带很沉，使用起来困难；纸质磁带用起来虽方便，但常常破损。直到20世纪50年代初，大多数磁带录音机才开始使用塑料磁带，就跟现在一样。与此同时，电子元件在最后变得如此之小以至于到了20世纪60年代晚期，可以携带的录音机被研制出来，电视台使用的录像机也随之出现。到了20世纪7

0年代末，足够小巧而价廉的家用录像机被采用。SoundandvideogodigitalIn1982，thefirstCDsweremadeavailable.CDsareoftenusedforstoringandpla

yingmusicbecausetheyhaveamuchbettersoundqualitythantraditionalrecordsandcassettes.In1993,theVCDwasborn，andin1995,theDVDwasinvented.TheDVDi

snowthestandardforrecordingandplayingbackvideo.ThefutureWiththedevelopmentofdigitaltechnology,soundandvideocannowbestoredonaPC，ontheInte

rnet，orusingsomeformofportablestorage.Thiswillsoonmakerecords,cassetterecorders,CDs,DVDsandevenTVsthingsofthe

past.Technologyisnowchangingfasterthanmostpeoplecankeeppacewith.Whocanforeseewhatthefuturewillbring?digital['dIdʒItl]

adj.数字信息系统的，数字式的availableadj.可用到的，可利用的，有用的，有空的。在此句中作主语补足语。VCDn.影碟(videocompactdisc的缩写)thestandardfor……的标准withthedevelopmentof随着……的发展stora

ge['stɔːrIdʒ]n.存储，储藏(空间)keeppacewith与……并驾齐驱than引导定语从句，且在从句中作宾语。在带有比较级的句子中，than可以作关系代词，引导定语从句，兼有连词和代词的性质。than在定语从句中也可以充当主语、宾语、表语。foresee[fɔː'siː]v

t.预料，预见，预知声音和视频数字化1982年，最早的CD光盘出现了。它们经常用来存储和播放音乐，因为其音质远远胜过任何传统的唱片和卡式磁带。1993年VCD诞生，1995年DVD问世。目前，DVD是标准的视频录制和回放设备。未来展望随着数字技术的发展，声音和视频现在可以储存在个人电

脑上、互联网上，或使用某种形式的便携式储存设备储存。这将很快使唱片、卡带录音机、CD、DVD，甚至电视成为过去。技术变革快得使大多数人难以跟上。谁能预见未来会带来什么呢？A卷[学生用书P85(单独成册)]Ⅰ阅读理解AMaxMathewshasbeencalledthef

atherofcomputermusic.Hecreatedelectronictoolssothatpeoplecouldusecomputersasmusicalinstruments.Hehadagreatinfluenceonthedevel

opmentofelectronicmusicandhowitiswritten,recordedandplayed.In1957，Mathewswrotethefirstcomputerprogramthatenabledacomputertocreatesound.A

tthattime,hewasworkingasanengineeratBellLaboratoriesinNewJersey.HiscomputerprogramenabledalargeIBMcomp

utertoplaya17secondspieceofmusicthathehadwritten.Thecomputerwassoslowthatitwouldhavetakenanhourtoplaythepieceofmusicin17seconds

.Forthatreason,Mathewsmovedtheworktoatapeplayer,whichcouldbespeduptoplaythemusicatanormalspeed.Helatersaidthatthesoundqualityofthemusi

calnoteswasnotgreat，butthetechnicalimportanceofthemusicwashuge.Mathewscontinuedcreatingotherversionsofthemusicprogram.Hebecameinterestedinhowcomp

uterscouldhelpmusiciansoutsiderecordingstudios.TheGrooveprogramhedevelopedwasthefirstcomputerprogrammadeforliveperformances.Healsodevelopedanele

ctronicdevicehecalledtheRadioBaton.Thedevicelooksliketwodrumsticks.Itenablestheusertocontrolthespeedandsoundlevelsoforche

stralmusicplayingonacomputer.Theuserdoesthisbymovingthetwosticksonaspecialelectronicsurface.Mathewsbelievedmod

ernmusiciansarenotmakingfulluseofthepowerofcomputermusic.Hesaidaviolinalwayssoundslikeaviolin.Butwithacom

puter,thewayaviolinsoundsisunlimited.Hesaidhedidn’twantcomputersoundstoreplacelivemusic.Buthesaidheh

opedlaptopcomputerswouldonedaybeconsideredseriousinstruments.【解题导语】Mathews是计算机音乐制作软件程序的创始人，这位作曲家可以通过数字合成器的指令和功能来操作计算机。1．Whatdoweknowabout

Mathews’sfirstpieceofcomputermusic?A．Ittookseveralminutestoplaythismusic.B．Itwaswritteninthemiddleofthe1950s.C．ItmadetheIBMcompute

rworksoslowly.D．Ithadthesamegoodqualityasothermusic.B解析：细节理解题。从第二段首句可知，他的第一首电脑合成音乐是在20世纪50年代中期做成的，故选B。2．Mathewsm

adetheGrooveprograminorderto________．A．improvethesoundqualityofmusicB．createarecordforrecordingstudiosC．improvetheliveperform

ancesD．developthecomputermusicC解析：细节理解题。从第三段末句可知，TheGrooveprogram主要是为现场表演而制作的软件，故选C。3．FromthetextweknowthattheRadioBato

nis________．A．acomputerprogramB．apieceofcomputermusicC．anelectronicdeviceD．arecordingstudioC解析：细节理解题。从第四段首句可知，theRadioBat

on是一款电子设备，故选C。4．Accordingtothetext,Mathewshopedthat________．A．computersoundswouldtaketheplaceoflivemusicB．modernmusicianswouldmakegooduseofcompu

termusicC．computerswouldchangethemusicalinstrumentsD．computerswouldbeconsideredseriousinstrumentsD解析：推理判断题。从最

后一段的内容尤其最后一句可知，答案选D。BIfacitywantstoholdtheOlympics,itmustsubmitaproposaltotheIOC.Afterallproposalshavebee

nsubmitted,theIOCvotes.Ifnocitywiththefewestvotesiseliminated(淘汰)，thevotingcontinues,untilamajoritywinnerisdetermined.Typically,theG

amesareawardedseveralyearsinadvance,allowingthewinningcitytimetopreparefortheGames.InselectingthesiteoftheOlympic

Games,theIOCconsidersanumberoffactors,andchieflyamongthemiswhichorganizingcommitteeseemsmostlikelytostagetheGameseffectively.TheIOCalsocon

siderswhichpartsoftheworldhavenotyethostedtheGames.Forinstance,Tokyo,thehostofthe1964SummerGames,andBeijing,thatofthe2008Games,werechoseni

nparttopopularizetheOlympicmovementinAsia.Becauseofthegrowingimportanceoftelevisionworldwide,theIOCinrecentyearshasalsotakenintoaccoun

tthehostcity’stimezone.WhenevertheGamestakeplaceintheU．S.A.orCanada,forexample,Americantelevisionnetworksare

willingtopayspeciallyhigheramountsfortelevisionrightsbecausetheycanbroadcastpopulareventsliveinthebestviewinghours.OncetheGameshavebeenawarded

,itisthedutyofthelocalorganizingcommittee—nottheIOCortheNOCofthehostcity’scountrytoprovidethemwithmoney.ThisisoftendonewithapartoftheOlympicte

levisionrevenues(收入),andcorporatesponsorships,ticketssales,andothersmallerrevenuesources.Inmanycasesthereisalsodirectgovernmentsupport.A

lthoughmanycitieshavegainedamountsofmoneybyhostingtheGames,theOlympicscanbefinanciallyrisky.IfthefinancialgainsfromtheGamesarel

essthanexpected,thecitywillbeleftwithlargedebts.【解题导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了申办奥运会的流程。5．________willbedeterminedtohosttheOlympicGa

mesbytheIOC.A．AcitythatsubmitsaproposalB．AmajoritywinnerinvotingC．AcitythathasperfecttimezoneD．Onethathasn’tho

stedtheGamesB解析：细节理解题。第一段主要介绍了产生主办城市的规则，根据第一段第二、三句“Afterallproposalshavebeensubmitted,theIOCvotes.Ifnocitywiththefewestvotes

iseliminated(淘汰),thevotingcontinues,untilamajoritywinnerisdetermined.”可知，在所有提案提交后，国际奥委会投票。如果没有得票最少的城

市被淘汰，则投票继续，直到确定主办城市。据此可知，得票数最多的城市由国际奥委会确定为奥运会主办城市，故B项正确。6．IftheGamestakeplaceinCanada,Americantelevisionnetworks________．A．willno

tpayfortheCanadiantelevisionnetworksB．willbeforbiddentobroadcastlivesportingeventsC．can’tbroadcastpopulareventsliveinthebestviewinghoursD．are

willingtopaymuchhigheramountsfortelevisionrightsD解析：细节理解题。根据第二段最后一句“WhenevertheGamestakeplaceintheU．S.A.orCanada...becauseth

eycanbroadcastpopulareventsliveinthebestviewinghours.”可知，奥运会无论在美国或者加拿大何时举办，美国电视网络都愿意为电视转播权支付特别高的费用，因为他们可以在最佳观看时间

直播受欢迎的(体育)赛事，故D项正确。7．Accordingtothelastparagraph,whichfollowingstatementistrue?A．Thehostcitymustbeleftwithlarged

ebts.B．ThereisnofinancialriskinhostingtheOlympicGames.C．Thehostcitymaygainalotofmoney.D．Itisimpossiblethatthehostcitycould

n’tmakemoney.C解析：推理判断题。根据第三段可知，主办城市能获得奥运会电视转播、企业赞助等收入，故主办城市可能会获得许多资金，故C项正确。8．Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleo

fthispassage?A．WinnerorLoserB．ApplyingforHostfortheOlympicsC．HowtoHosttheOlympicGamesD．TheOlympicGamesB解析：标题归纳题。通读全文可知，本文主要介绍了申办奥运会的流程：先向国际奥委会提

交提案，国际奥委会根据规则和实际情况投票选择主办城市，一旦确定主办城市，则该城市应积极准备。故B项最适合作本文的标题。C“ClothesSwapping”isanactivitywhichhasbecomeincreasinglypopularamong

Americanwomen.Ataclothesswapevent，thewomencangiveawayunwantedclothingandgetsomethingdifferentinreturn.Recentlyabout300womenw

enttoaclothesswapatahighschoolinSpringfield,Virginia.Itwasthelargestcrowdeverforthearea’spopularclothing－swap

pinggroup.DaphneSteinbergwashavingagoodday.“ForanyonewhoknowsAnnTaylorLOFT,AnnTaylorisareallygoodwomen’sdesi

gnerandIwilltotallywearthistowork.SoIlovethat,andIlovethatIcanequipmyselfforwork,haveagoodtimeindoingit,andnottotallybankrupt(使

破产)myself.”SandyVanDusenlikestheideathatclothesarefindingnewhomesinsteadofbeingthrownaway.“Becauseithe

lpstokeeptheEarthgreen.There’snopointinmyopinionincontinuingtobuynewclotheswhenwecanreusewhatarealreadyhere.Givethemanewhome—letsomebodyelselovew

hatyouusedtoloveandnolongerlove.”KimPrattorganizedtheclothesswapeventinSpringfield.Shealsoorganizedamoney－raisingactivityforthehighs

chool’sdebateteam.Itisoneofseveralwaysthathergroupgivestocharitablecauses.Anotherisbydonatingallofthe“unswapped”clothingtosheltersforvictimsofdomes

ticviolence.“Istarteddoingthisfouryearsago,andwe’vebeendoingitforfouryears,gettingbiggerandbiggereachtimewehaveaswap.”Sheusedthesocialmediawebsitem

eetup.comtohelppublicizetheevents.Thewebsitehashelpedhergroupgrowfrom30membersto1，300.Ms.Prattsaysmostofthemembersrespecttheclothingswapru

les.Butshesayscompetitionfordesirablefashioncanbestrong.“Wehavetotellpeoplesometimesnottohover(徘徊)ove

rthenewpeoplecominginwiththeirclothing.Astheyputitout,somepeopletendtograbthestuffrightoutoftheirhandsanditbecomeslike

afree－for－all.Wetrytoavoidthatasmuchaspossible.”【解题导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了在Springfield的一所高中举办的“交换衣服”活动，详细介绍了活动组织人KimPratt组织该活动的初衷、意

义和存在的问题等。9．Womencan________ataclothesswap.A．exchangeunwantedclothingforsomethingdifferentB．buywhateverclothingtheyl

ikeC．haveasocialgatheringandmakefriendsD．makesomemoneybygivingawayunwantedclothingA解析：细节理解题。根据第一段第二句“Ataclot

hesswapevent,thewomencangiveawayunwantedclothingandgetsomethingdifferentinreturn.”可知，在“交换衣服”活动中，女士可以给出自己不想要的衣服，得到一些不同的衣服，故A

项正确。10．WecanlearnfromwhatDaphneSteinbergsaidthat________．A．shehadbeentoaclothesswapforthefirsttimeB．sheexperiencedthelargestclothesswapeverintheare

aC．shegotsomeclothesshelikesattheclothesswapD．shesavedmuchmoremoneythanshehadexpectedC解析：细节理解题。根据第三段中DaphneSte

inberg所说的话“ForanyonewhoknowsAnnTaylorLOFT,AnnTaylorisareallygoodwomen’sdesignerandIwilltotallywearthistowork

.”可知，DaphneSteinberg在这次“交换衣服”活动中得到了她喜欢的AnnTaylor设计的衣服，并会穿着它去上班，故C项正确。11．WhatisParagraph5mainlyabout?A．WhatKimPrattdidwithth

eunswappedclothing.B．HowKimPrattstartedtheclothesswapevent.C．WhatKimPrattdidtohelppeopleinneed.D．HowKimPrattraisedmoneytohelpcha

ritablecauses.C解析：段落大意题。通读第五段可知，该段主要介绍了KimPratt为帮助需要帮助的人组织的多个活动，包括“交换衣服”活动、为Springfield的一所高中的辩论队组织的筹款活动、捐赠衣服给家庭暴力受害者庇护所的活动，故C项正确。12．Itc

anbeinferredfromthelastparagraphthat________．A．clothesswapsareoftenoutofcontrolintheendB．inappropriatebeha

vioratclothesswapsneedstobecontrolledC．clothesswappingisbecomingincreasinglypopularwithAmericanwomenD．moreclothessw

apeventsneedtobeorganizedB解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“somepeopletendtograbthestuffrightoutoftheirhandsanditbecomeslikeafree－for－all.Wetrytoavoidthatasm

uchaspossible.”可推知，在“交换衣服”活动中，对一些不恰当的行为应该加以控制，故B项正确。Ⅱ七选五Havingalearningdisabilitydoesn’tmeanyoucan’tlearn.Learningdisabilitieshappenbec

auseofthewayaperson’sbraintakesinandprocessesinformation.1.________Thetrickwillbefiguringouthowyoulearnbest.Learningdisabilitiesare

n’tcontagious(接触传染的)，buttheycanbegenetic.Thatmeanstheycanbepasseddowninfamiliesthroughthegenes,likemanyother

traitswegetfromourparentsandgrandparents.Someonewithalearningdisabilityprobablyhasotherfamilymemberswhohavesomelearningtroubles,too.Kidswithl

earningproblemsaresometimessurprisedtofindoutthatoneoftheirparentshadsimilartroubleswhenheorshewasinschool.2.________Learni

ngexpertsnowknowalotmoreaboutthebrainandhowlearningworks.It’sveryhardforakidtoknowifhehasalearningdisability

.Butkidsdon’thavetofigureallthisoutontheirown.3.________Startwithhisteacherandhismomordad.Findingoutyouhavealearningdisabilitycanbeu

psetting.4.________Butthetruthisthatlearningdisabilitiesareprettycommon.Andifyourlearningspecialistorpsychologisthasfiguredou

twhichoneyou’refacing,you’reontherighttrack.Now,youcanstartgettingthehelpyouneedtodobetterinschool.Tomakethisspecialhelpreallywork,you’llneed

topractisethenewskillsyou’relearning.Itmaytakealotofeffortseveryday.5.________Soon,you’llenjoytheresultsofallyourhardwork:Morefunandsuc

cessatschool!A．Butyou’llneedsomehelpandyou’llneedtoworkextrahard.B．Whatakidneedstodoistoasksomeone.C．Therearepeoplewhoknow

howtodojustthat.D．Youmightfeeldifferentfromeveryoneelse.E．Butkidstodayhaveanadvantageovertheirparents.F．Asaresult,somepeoplelearndiffer

ently.G．Thatcanbeachallenge,butyoucandoit.【解题导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了学习障碍的形成原因，会被遗传的性质以及如何克服学习障碍。1．F解析：根据空前一句“Learningdisabilitiesha

ppenbecauseofthewayaperson’sbraintakesinandprocessesinformation.”可知，大脑领会和加工信息的方式不同导致了学习障碍的形成；据此可以判断，空处介绍学习障碍形成后的结果：一些

人使用不同的方式学习。2．E解析：根据空前一句“Kidswithlearningproblemsaresometimessurprisedtofindoutthatoneoftheirparentshadsimilartroubleswhenheorshewasinsch

ool.”可知，有学习障碍的孩子会发现他们的父母中会有一位在上学时有学习障碍；结合下文中的“Learningexpertsnowknowalotmoreaboutthebrainandhowlearningwo

rks.”可知，现在学习专家已经对大脑和学习的工作原理知道得更多；据此可以判断，空处与上文形成转折，说明现在的孩子会比他们的父母更有优势，故E项符合语境。3．B解析：根据空后一句“Startwithhisteacherandhismo

mordad.”可知，孩子可以从老师和父母那里得知自己是否有学习障碍；据此可知，孩子不需要自己去弄明白自己是否有学习障碍，但他所需要做的是问一下老师和父母，故B项符合语境。4．D解析：根据空前一句“Findingoutyo

uhavealearningdisabilitycanbeupsetting.”可知，发现自己有学习障碍是很难受的；据此可以推断，空处应该介绍发现自己有学习障碍后，你会感到自己和他人不一样，故D项符合语境。5．G解析：根据空前一句“Itmayt

akealotofeffortseveryday.”可知，这种训练每天需要付出很多努力；据此可以判断，那可能是一种挑战，但是你能做到，故G项符合语境。B卷[学生用书P87(单独成册)]Ⅰ阅读理解Doessuccessmakeu

shappy？Ordohappypeoplesucceed？Both,obviously.Butresearchsuggeststhatwhiletheformerisn’tguaranteed,thelatter

justmightbe.Happinessresearchshowswhilethere’snothingwrongwithgettinghappinessfromone’ssuccess,happinessisanimportantpartofachievingsuccessinthefir

stplace.Anditallstartswithattitude.Itseemsthatpositivityismoreimportantthanintelligencewhenitcomestosuccess.Astudyconcludedthath

ighIQcouldexplainonlyabout25percentofoursuccessinourcareers.AndShawnAchor,aformerHarvardUniversitypsychologypr

ofessor,saystheother75percentcomesfromcharacterssuchasoptimismandtheabilitytoseestressasachallenge.Sohowcanwestaypositiveinourjob？Acco

rdingtoAchor,it’seasierthanwhatwemightthink.InDecember2008,forexample,heworkedwithagroupofpeopleatthe

firmKPMG.AchoraskedthoseKPMGemployeestodooneoffivethingseverydayforthreeweeks—writedownthreethingstheyweregratefulfor；writeinajournalfortwomi

nutesaboutthemostpositiveexperiencethey’dhadinthelast24hours；sendapositivenotetosomeonetheyknew;meditate(沉思)atthe

irdesksfor2minutes；orexercisefor10minutes.Attheendofthestudyperiod,thosewhohaddoneevenoneofthosefivescoredsigni

ficantlyhigheronmeasuresofengagementandoptimismatworkthanacontrolgroupthathadnottakenpartinthetraining.It’scommonsensethatha

ppierpeopleshouldbebetterabletodealwiththechallengesoftheworkplacethanthosenegativeones.Achorpointstoastudythat

showshappyworkersare31percentmoreproductivethanunhappyonesandhave23percentfewerstress-relateddiseases.Otherresearchshowspo

sitiveattitudesimprovesaleseffectivenessby37percent.【解题导语】本文是一篇议论文。究竟是成功让我们快乐，还是快乐的人更容易成功？本文告诉我们：成功未必带给我们快乐，而快乐却可以显著提高我们成功的概率。1．Whatcanwelea

rnfromParagraph2?A．Oursuccesslargelydependsonapositiveattitude.B．HighIQcangreatlyaffectourprofessionalsuccess.C．Ourworkskillsaremoreimpor

tantthanourattitude.D．Generalattitudehasnothingtodowithourhappiness.A解析：推理判断题。根据第二段内容可知，我们的成功，25%取决于智商，而另外75%取决于我们积极乐观的人生态度。2．

HowdidShawnAchorhelpKPMGemployeestostaypositive?A．Byofferingthemsomeplans.B．Bygivingthemsomelessons.C．Byrecommendingsomeactivitiestothem.D．Byshowin

gthemsomestudyresults.C解析：推理判断题。根据第三段内容可知，ShawnAchor给KPMG公司的员工提供了一些具体建议，让他们通过采取一些积极的行动来保持乐观的状态。3．Whatdoestheauthormainlystressin

thelastparagraph?A．Thewaysofhandlingchallenges.B．Thesecretsofbeingproductive.C．Thescienceofpositivet

hinking.D．Theeffectofbeinghappy.D解析：推理判断题。最后一段主要讲述了保持快乐所带来的种种益处，比如更好地应对挑战、提高工作效率以及减少疾病等。4．Whatwouldbethebesttitleforth

etext?A．WanttoBeHappy？AchieveSuccessB．WanttoBeSuccessful？GetHappyC．HowtoAchieveSuccessD．HowtoBecomeHappyB解析：标题归纳题。文章第一段先提出问题：究竟是成功让我们快乐，还是快

乐的人更容易成功？最后一段是对本文主题的总结：更大的成功未必带给我们更多的快乐，而更多的快乐却可以显著提高我们成功的概率。Ⅱ完形填空Irememberthatitwasafewyearsagothatanoldwomanste

ppedintomyvideostore,alongwithherdaughter.The__1__wasdisplayingaseriousstateofimpatience,__2__herwat

cheveryfewseconds.Ifthedaughterhadpossessedaleash(绳子),hermotherwouldhavebeen__3__toitasameansofpulling

heralongto__4__therushofothershoppers.Walkingover,Iasked__5__Icouldhelpher.Thewomansmiledatmeandshowedmea__6__onapieceofpaper.__7__rus

hingofftofindtheDVDforthewoman,Iaskedherto__8__withmesoIcouldshowherwhereshecouldfinditandIwantedtoenjoyher__9__foramoment.Aswewalke

dalongthebackofthestore,I__10__itsfloorplan(分布图):oldtelevisionshows,actionmovies,cartoons,sciencefictionfil

ms,etc.Thewomanseemedgladoftheunrushed“trip”and__11__conversation.Isaidtoherdaughter,“__12__someadvice？”“Ofcours

enot，”saidthedaughter.“Cherish__13__，”Isaid.“Whenshe’sgone,it’sthelittle__14__thatcomebacktoyou.Timeslikethis.Iknow.”Itwas__15__.Istillmi

ssedmymomandrememberedthetimeswhenI’dusedmyimpatiencetomakeher__16__．Togethertheymadetheirwaytowardsthestore’srestingarea.Th

eysatthereforamoment,sidebyside,__17__theholidaycrowds.Thenthedaughterglancedoverandimmediately__18__hermotherlovingly.Andslowlysheplacedhe

rarmwith__19__unaccustomedaffectionaroundhermother’sshouldersand__20__guidedherbackintothecrowd.【解题导语】本文是一篇记叙文。“我”在音像商店工作时遇到一位老母亲和

女儿一起购买DVD，这个女儿行色匆匆，恨不能用绳子拉着行动迟缓的母亲。“我”让这位母亲和“我”一起寻找她想要的DVD，并建议这个女儿要珍惜母亲的陪伴。最后，她挽着母亲，走进人群中……1．A.merchantB．wa

itressC．motherD．daughterD解析：根据上文中的“anoldwomansteppedintomyvideostore,alongwithherdaughter.”可知，一位老母亲和她的女儿一起来到“我”的音像商店；结合下文中的“Ifthedaug

hterhadpossessed...othershoppers.”可知，女儿显得很不耐烦，故D项正确。A项意为“商人”；B项意为“女侍者，女服务员”；C项意为“母亲”。2．A.fixingB．removi

ngC．checkingD．adjustingC解析：根据上文内容以及空处所在句中的“displayingaseriousstateofimpatience”可知，这个女儿显得很不耐烦；据此可以判断，她不停地查看(checking)手表，故选C项。A项意为“固

定，修理”；B项意为“移开，去除”；D项意为“调整，校正”。3．A.fastenedB．devotedC．accustomedD．appliedA解析：根据空处所在句中的“Ifthedaughterhadpossessedaleash(绳子)，hermoth

erwouldhavebeen______toitasameansofpullingheralong”可知，如果这个女儿有一根绳子的话，她的母亲将被系在绳子的一头。A项意为“把……系在”，符合语境，故A项正确。B项意为“致力，奉献”；C项意为“使习惯”；D项意为“申请，运用”。4．A.b

reakawayfromB．makewayforC．getalongwithD．keeppacewithD解析：根据上文及空后的“therushofothershoppers”可以判断，如果有绳子，这个女儿将用绳子拉住她的母亲，以赶上(keeppacewith)匆匆的购物人群，故选D项。A

项意为“突然挣脱，逃脱”；B项意为“给……让路”；C项意为“与……融洽相处”。5．A.whenB．whetherC．whyD．howB解析：根据该空所在句中的“Iasked______Icouldhelpher”可知，空处引导宾语从句，作

动词asked的宾语，由“Icouldhelpher”和asked可以判断，“我”问她是否需要帮忙。因此用whether引导该宾语从句，故B项正确。6．A.tipB．titleC．ticketD．receiptB解析：根据下文中的“findtheDVD”，结合该

空所在句“Thewomansmiledatmeandshowedmea______onapieceofpaper.”可知，这位母亲微笑着递给“我”一张写有名称的纸。B项意为“名称，标题”，符合语境，故B项正确。A项意为“建议”；C项意为“票”；

D项意为“收据”，都与语境不符。7．A.ApartfromB．AstoC．RatherthanD．RegardlessofC解析：根据该空所在句中的“Iaskedherto______withmesoIcouldshowherwhe

reshecouldfindit”可知，“我”让她和“我”一起走(walk)以便“我”能让她知道她在哪里可以找到她需要的DVD；据此可以判断，“我”没有急忙为她寻找。C项意为“而不是”，符合语境，故C项正确。A项意为“除……之外”；B项意为“至于”；D项意为“不管，不顾”。

8．A.communicateB．jogC．tradeD．walkD解析：参见上题解析。下文中的“walked”亦是提示。A项意为“交流”；B项意为“慢跑”；C项意为“交易”，都与语境不符。9．A.stayB．holida

yC．companyD．timeC解析：根据空后的“Aswewalkdalongthebackofthestore”可知，“我”和她一起走着寻找她需要的DVD；结合该空所在句中的“Iwantedtoenjoyher______foramomen

t”可以判断，“我”想要她陪伴(company)“我”一会儿。A项意为“停留，逗留”；B项意为“假期”；D项意为“时间”。10．A.describedB．blamedC．appreciatedD．correctedA解析：根据该空所在句中的“itsfloorplan(分布图

)：oldtelevisionshows,actionmovies,cartoons,sciencefictionfilms，etc.”可知，“我”向她描述(described)着商店的商品分区情况：老的电视节目、动作片、卡通片以及科幻片等，故A项正确。B项意为“责备”；C项意为“欣赏”；D项意为

“纠正”。11．A.casualB．attractiveC．severeD．convincingA解析：根据空前的“Thewomanseemedgladoftheunrushed‘trip’”可知，这位母亲对这次并不匆忙的购物过程感到很满意；空处与“t

heunrushed‘trip’”相呼应，据此可以判断，该处表示“轻松随意的交谈”。A项意为“轻松的，随意的”，符合语境，故A项正确。B项意为“吸引人的”；C项意为“严厉的，严肃的”；D项意为“使人信服的”。12．A.PrepareB．MindC．LackD．O

fferB解析：根据这个女儿的回答“Ofcoursenot”可知，她不介意“我”提出建议；据此可以判断，此处表示“介意我提点建议吗？”B项意为“介意”，符合语境，故B项正确。A项意为“准备”；C项意为“

缺乏”；D项意为“提供”，都与语境不符。13．A.herB．meC．herselfD．yourselfA解析：根据下文中的“Whenshe’sgone,it’s...toyou.”可知，如果她的母亲去世了，这是她可以回想起来的时刻；据此可以判断，“我”建议她珍惜她的母亲；空处作宾语，因此

用宾格her，故A项正确。14．A.feelingsB．presentsC．chancesD．momentsD解析：参见上题解析。D项意为“时刻”，符合语境，故D项正确。A项意为“感情”；B项意为“礼物”；C项意为“机会”，都与语境不符。15．A.reasonableB．po

ssibleC．trueD．appropriateC解析：根据空后的“IstillmissedmymomandrememberedthetimeswhenI’dusedmyimpatiencetomakeher______．”可知，“我”

仍然怀念“我”的母亲，记得“我”用不耐烦让“我”的母亲难过的日子；据此可以判断，“我”对她说的这种情况是真实的(true)。故C项正确。A项意为“合理的”；B项意为“可能的”；D项意为“适当的，恰当的，相称的”。16．A.desperateB．upsetC．pu

zzledD．astonishedB解析：参见上题解析。B项意为“难过的”，符合语境，故B项正确。A项意为“无望的，不顾一切的”；C项意为“困惑的，无法理解的”；D项意为“惊讶的”，都与语境不符。17．A.app

roachingB．evaluatingC．observingD．expectingC解析：根据该空所在句“Theysatthereforamoment,sidebyside,______theholidaycrowds.”可知，

这对母女肩并肩坐着，注视着假日里的人群；C项意为“观察，注视”，符合语境，故C项正确。A项意为“靠近”，B项意为“评估”，D项意为“期望”，都与语境不符。18．A.attendedB．foundC．recognized

D．watchedD解析：根据该空所在句“Thenthedaughterglancedoverandimmediately______hermotherlovingly.”可知，女儿充满爱意地看着她的母亲。D项意为“看着”，符合语境，故D项正确。A项意为“参加”，B项意为“发现”，C

项意为“认识”，都与语境不符。19．A.apparentlyB．suddenlyC．basicallyD．graduallyA解析：根据该空所在句中的“Andslowlysheplacedherarmwith______un

accustomedaffectionaroundhermother’sshoulders”可知，她慢慢地将她的手臂放在母亲的肩膀上，似乎不习惯这种充满爱意的表达。A项意为“似乎”，符合语境，故A项正确。B项意为“突然地”

；C项意为“基本地，主要地”；D项意为“逐渐地”，都与语境不符。20．A.accidentallyB．gentlyC．smoothlyD．randomlyB解析：根据语境及该空所在句中的“guidedherbackintot

hecrowd”可知，她慢慢地将她的手臂放在母亲的肩膀上，然后温柔地(gently)领着她的母亲走进人群。故B项正确。A项意为“偶然地，附带地，意外地”；C项意为“平滑地，平稳地，流畅地，顺利地”；D项意为“任意地，胡乱地，随便地”。Ⅲ语法填空Chinaisinmournin

gafteritsmostfamousandoldestcaptive(被圈养的)pandaBasidied1.____________(age)thirty－seven.Basiwasborninthewildin1980.Attheageoffour,shefe

llintoanicyriverandwas2.____________(fortune)rescuedbysomelocalvillagers3.____________(live)inBaoxingCountyinsouthwestChina’sSichuanProvi

nce.ThelocalshandedherovertotheStraitPandaResearchandExchangeCentreinFuzhou,whereshelivedtherestofherlife.Basic

ametofameshortly4.____________shewaschosenasthemodelforPanPan,themascotofthe1990AsianGamesinBeijing.Basineverbred(繁殖)butov

ercameseveralsevere5.____________(ill)toliveformorethan6.____________(two)the15－yearlifeexpectancyofwildpandas.Basi7.____________(conf

irm)tobetheworld’soldestcaptivepandabyGuinnessWorldRecordsinAugust.Captivepandastendtolive8.____________(long)duetobette

rnutritionandlivingconditions.Wordhascome9.____________Basi’sbodywillbeputinBasiMuseum,whichis10.____________constructionatpresentforpeople

torememberherforeverandsharethespiritoftheharmoniousdevelopmentbetweenhumansandnature.【解题导语】本文是一篇记叙文。中国年龄最大的大熊猫巴斯在三十七岁时去世。她曾在四岁时因落水被救，送往保护区并得到圈养

；曾被选为1990年北京亚运会吉祥物盼盼的原型。为了纪念巴斯，人们为她建起了博物馆。1．aged解析：考查形容词。该处指大熊猫巴斯在37岁时死亡。分析句子结构可知，此处应用形容词作状语，故填aged。2．fortunately解析：考查副词。空处修饰动词rescued，故用副词形式。3．li

ving解析：考查现在分词。名词villagers和动词live之间是逻辑上的主谓关系，故用现在分词作后置定语。4．after解析：考查连词。根据该句“Basicametofameshortly____________shewaschosenasthemodelfo

rPanPan,themascotofthe1990AsianGamesinBeijing.”并结合语境可知，在被选为1990年北京亚运会的吉祥物盼盼的原型后不久，巴斯就声名鹊起。故用连词after。5．illnesse

s解析：考查名词。根据空前的形容词“severe”可知，该形容词修饰空处，故空处应用名词形式；再根据空前的“several”可知，空处应用名词复数形式。6．twice解析：考查副词。根据第一段第一句中的“pandaBasidied...thirty－seven”可知，大熊猫巴斯在

37岁去世；结合空后的“the15－yearlifeexpectancyofwildpandas”可知，她的寿命比野生大熊猫的两倍还长，故用twice。7．wasconfirmed解析：考查时态和语态。通读全文可知，本文讲述了大熊猫巴斯生前的情况，故用一

般过去时；该句主语是Basi，和动词confirm之间是被动关系，故用被动语态，表示“被确认”。8．longer解析：考查比较级。根据该句中的“betternutritionandlivingconditions”可知，由于有更好的营养和生

活条件，圈养大熊猫的寿命更长。故用比较级。9．that解析：考查同位语从句。分析该句结构可知，空处引导同位语从句，抽象名词Word和从句Basi’sbodywillbeputinBasiMuseum为

同位关系，故用that引导该同位语从句。10．under解析：考查固定搭配。underconstruction为固定搭配，意为“在建造中”。故填under。获得更多资源请扫码加入享学资源网微信公众号www.xiangxue100.com