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我们都想有一个健康的生活方式，但是日常生活中的一些小细节却使我们的生活变得不那么健康了。Isyourlifestylehealthy?Theremaybemanylittleandcommonhabitsthatcanendangeryourdaily

life.Doyouhavethefollowingunhealthylifehabits?LyingWhetheryou’repraisingyourbestfriend’sunflattering(有损形象的，不

敢恭维的)hairstyleor“improving”onthecostofyournewdesignershoes,youtellsmallliesfromtimetotime.However,ac

cordingtoresearch,thoselittlewhiteliescouldbemoreharmfulthanyouthink.Lyingcanproducefeelingsofstresswhic

haredamagingyourhealth，andastudybyresearchersattheUniversityofNotreDamefoundthatwhenpeoplereducedtheamountofliestheytold,theysufferedfromle

ssheadaches，sorethroatsandanxiety.EatingatyourdeskIfyou’rehavingabusydayinwork,itcanbetemptingtoskip(跳过，不做)yourlunchbr

eakandeatatyourdesk.However，missingoutonbreaksisnotonlybadforyourstresslevels,eatingwhendistracted(分心)mayalsomeanyouaremorelikelytoovere

at.Furthermore，spendingyourlunchhouratyourdeskcanlengthenthetimeyouarephysicallyinactiveandalsoexposeyoutoharmfulba

cteria.AccordingtoastudybytheUniversityofArizona,yourworkstationcontainsnearly400timesmoregermsthantheaveragetoiletseat，makin

gitalessthanidealplacefordining.UsingcashmachinesWithdrawingmoneyfromATMmachinesisacommonhabitformostofus.However,cleanli

nesstestsinBritainhaverevealedthatcashmachinesarejustasdirtyaspublictoilets，andmanyofusarefailingtowashourhandsafterusingthem.Expertsassessedswabs

(药棉棒)fromthekeypadsoncashmachinesandalsofromnearbypublictoiletsandfoundthattheybothcontainedthesametypesofbacteriaknowntocausesickness.Tolookaf

teryourhealth,useanantibacterial(抗菌的)handsolutiononceyouhavemadeyourwithdrawal(取款)andafterhandlingmoney.SectionⅠWelcom

etotheunit&Reading—WarmingUp[基础词汇]1．surgeonn．外科医师2．chewvi.&vt.咀嚼，嚼碎；咬，啃3．vitaladj.对……极重要的，必不可少的4．potentialn.可能性，潜在性；潜力，潜能adj.潜在的，可能的5．massadj

.大规模的；数量极多的n.一团，一堆；许多；(物理)质量6．sicknessn.疾病；恶心，呕吐7．symptomn.症状；征兆[拓展词汇]8．revolutionn．巨变，大变革；革命；旋转，天体运行→revolutionary

adj.革命的n.革命者9．countern．柜台；计数器；反驳vt.反驳；抵制，抵消→countv．计算；视为；依赖；重要n.计数；总数10．beneficialadj.有益的，有用的→benefitn．利益；津贴；保险金vt.有益于11．possessvt.

拥有，具有→possessionn．拥有；财产；所有12．circulatevi.&vt.循环；传播，散布；传递，传阅→circulationn.循环；传播13．abnormaladj.不正常的，反常的→normaladj.(反义词)正常的14．astonishv

t.使十分惊讶，使吃惊→astonishedadj.吃惊的→astonishingadj.令人吃惊的→astonishmentn．惊讶；令人惊讶的事物15．applicationn．应用，运用；申请，申请表；涂抹，外敷→applyvt.申请；涂；应用16．unableadj.不能

，无法→ableadj.(反义词)能，能够17．effectiveadj.有效的；实际的，事实上的；生效的→effectn.影响，效果18．approvaln．批准，通过；赞成，同意→approvev．

批准，通过；赞成，同意19．acceleratevt.&vi.(使)加速，加快→accelerationn．加速，加快20．bleedvi.流血，失血→bleedingadj.出血的；悲痛的n.流血1．focuson集中于2．openup打开；开拓3．intheformof

以……形式4．carryout执行，实施5．tryout测试，试验；参加选拔6．inlargequantities大量地7．pickout挑选出8．byaccident偶然地1．if省略句Haveyoueverseenadoctor?Ifso,whathappened?你曾经看过医生吗？

如果看过的话，发生了什么事情？2．强调句型Itwasin1897thataEuropeanchemistcalledDrFelixHoffmannproducedaspirinfromthischemical.1

897年一个叫菲利克斯·霍夫曼的欧洲药剂师用这种化学物质制成了阿司匹林。3．部分倒装Notonlyhasaspirinprovedvitalforreducingfeverandhelpingstoppain,buttherearealsootherthingsthat

aspirincanhelpwith.阿司匹林不仅被证明对于退烧、止痛必不可少，而且还有其他用途。4．that引导的同位语从句LawrenceCraven,adoctorfromtheUSA,introducedtheideain1953thataspirinhadthepotent

ialtoreducetheriskofheartattacks,becauseithelpedthebloodcirculatebetter.美国医生劳伦斯·克雷文在1953年提出一个观点，即阿司匹林可能有助于降低心脏病发作的风险，因为它能改善血

液循环。5．不定式短语作真正的主语Itastonishedhimtoseethebacteriasurroundingthemoulddead,whichmeantthatthemouldhadkilledthem.令他十分惊讶的

是，他发现这种霉周围的细菌都死了，这意味着这种霉杀死了它们。6．虚拟语气Ifpenicillinhadnotbeenavailable,manypeoplewouldhavediedfromsicknessorevensmallwounds.如果没有青霉素，很

多人会死于疾病，甚至是很小的伤口。ⅠScanthetextandanswerthefollowingquestions.1．Whenwasaspirinfirstsoldasatablet?___________________________________________

_____________________________答案：In1900.2．WhatdidFleming,FloreyandChainshare?______________________________________________________________________

__答案：TheNobelPrize.ⅡReadthetextcarefullyandchoosethebestanswer.1．What’sthemainideaofthispassage?A．Famousdoctors.B．Howpenicillinanda

spirinwereinvented.C．Aspirinandpenicillin.D．Howtokeephealthy.2．Whichofthefollowingisconsideredtobethetimewhenaspirin

wasinvented?A．3，500yearsago.B．2，500yearsago.C．1897.D．1899.3．WhichofthefollowingcanNOTaspirinbeusedfo

r?A．Keepingquiet.B．Painkilling.C．Curingdiabetes.D．Reducingheartattacks.4．WhichofthefollowingisTRUE?A．Penicillincankeeppeoplehealthybythinningthei

rblood.B．Aspirincansavelivesbykillingbacteria.C．Aspirinwasdiscoveredbyaccident.D．Penicillinwasdiscoveredbychance.答案：1－4.CCA

DⅢReadthetextcarefullyandanswerthefollowingquestions.1．Whatotherthingscanaspirinhelpwithbesidesreducingfeverandpain?____________

____________________________________________________________答案：Itcanalsohelpreducetheriskofheartattacksbythi

nningblood,preventastroke,reducetheriskofsomecancers,increasethelengthofpeople'slivesandhelpwithdiabetes.

2．WheredidAlexanderFlemingfindpenicillin?________________________________________________________________________答案：Inthemouldthat

killedbacteria.3．Whatillnesscanpenicillinbeusedtotreat?__________________________________________________

______________________答案：Itcanbeusedtotreatillnessescausedbybacteria.4．WhywereFleming,FloreyandChaingiventheNobelP

rizeinMedicinein1945?________________________________________________________________________答案：BecauseFlemingdiscoveredpenicillinandtheotherstu

rneditintothegreatdrugwhichsavedmillionsoflives.ⅣAnalyzethefollowingdifficultsentencesinthetext.1．Itwasin1897

thataEuropeanchemistcalledDrFelixHoffmannproducedaspirinfromthischemical.这是一个强调句。强调时间状语in1897；calledDrFelixHoffmann是过去分词短语作___________

_。[尝试翻译]____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

_________答案：定语；1897年一个叫菲利克斯·霍夫曼的欧洲药剂师用这种化学物质制成了阿司匹林。2．Itastonishedhimtoseethebacteriasurroundingthemo

ulddead,whichmeantthatthemouldhadkilledthem.这是一个主从复合句。主句是Itastonishedhimtoseethebacteriasurroundingthemoulddead；It是____________，不定式短语作真正的主语

；surroundingthemoulddead是分词短语作补语；whichmeantthatthemouldhadkilledthem是____________从句；其中thatthemouldhadkilledthem是that引导的宾语从句。[尝试翻译]令他十分惊

讶的是，他发现这种霉__________________，这意味着__________________。答案：形式主语；非限制性定语；周围的细菌都死了；这种霉杀死了它们Twolife-saving①medicinesThisarti

clewillfocuson②twodrugsthatstartedrevolutions③inmedicine④.Ifyouopenup⑤anymedicinecupboard⑥orgotoanymedicin

ecounter⑦intheworld,itislikelythat⑧youwillfindaspirin⑨andpenicillin⑩.Bothofthesemedicineshavesavedmillion

sofpeople’slives⑪andhaveprovedbeneficial⑫tomankindsincetheywereinvented.AspirinAspirinwasinventedin1897.However,thebasicchemicalusedtomakeaspirin⑬can

befoundinnature.Nearly3，500yearsago,peoplechewed⑭onleavesordrankakindofteamadefromleaves⑮possessing⑯aspecia

lchemical⑰toreducebodypainsandfever.About2，500yearsago,theGreek⑱physician⑲Hippocrates,fatherofalldoctors,madeaj

uicefromatreebarkcontainingsalicylicacid⑳forthesameeffect.Itwasin1897thataEuropeanchemistcalledDrFelixHoffmann

producedaspirinfromthischemical.Thefirsttrialsofthismedicinetookplacein1899,whenthecompanyHoffmannwor

kedforbegandistributingthemedicineinpowderformtophysicianstousewithpatients.Ayearlater,in1900,aspirinwassoldinshopsintheformoftablets.Withi

nashorttime,aspirinbecamethebest-sellingmedicineintheworldforpainrelief.①life-saving['laIfseIvIŋ]adj.救命的，救生的②focuson/upon集中(注意力、精力

)于③revolution[ˌrevə'luːʃn]n.巨变，大变革；革命；旋转，天体运行④that引导定语从句，修饰twodrugs。⑤openup打开⑥cupboard['kʌbəd]n.橱柜；食物柜；衣柜⑦counter['kaʊn

tə(r)]n.柜台；计数器；反驳vt.反驳；抵制，抵消⑧itislikelythat可能……⑨aspirin['æsprIn]n.阿司匹林⑩penicillin[ˌpenI'sIlIn]n.盘尼西林，青霉素⑪sav

eone’slife救某人的命⑫beneficial[ˌbenI'fIʃl]adj.有益的，有用的bebeneficialto对……有用⑬过去分词短语作后置定语，修饰chemical。⑭chew[tʃuː]vi.&vt.咀嚼，嚼碎；咬，啃⑮过去分词短语作tea的后置定语。⑯possess[pə'

zes]vt.拥有，具有⑰现在分词短语作leaves的后置定语。⑱Greekn．希腊人adj.希腊的；希腊语的⑲physiciann．医师；内科医师surgeonn．外科医生⑳salicylicacid[ˌsælIˌsI

lIk'æsId]n.水杨酸acid['æsId]n.酸，酸性物质adj.酸的，酸性的；酸味的；尖酸的现在分词短语作atreebark的后置定语。Itwas...that...是强调句型，在此强调时间状语in1897。trial试验，试用takeplace发生(无被动语态)i

n...form/intheformof...以……形式tablet['tæblət]n.药片；丸best-selling[ˌbest'selIŋ]adj.畅销的两种挽救生命的药物这篇文章将着重讲述两种在医学上引起巨变的药物。倘若你打开世界上的任何一个药柜，或者走到任何一

个卖药的柜台，都可能找到阿司匹林和青霉素。自这两种药被发明以来，它们已经挽救了数百万人的性命，并已证实对人类有益。阿司匹林阿司匹林发明于1897年。但是，用于制造阿司匹林的基本化学物质却可在自然界中找到。将近3500年前，人们咀嚼一种含有特殊化学

物质的树叶或饮用由这种树叶制成的茶，以减轻身体疼痛和退烧。大约2500年前，医生之父——古希腊医师希波克拉底就用一种树皮制成汁，这种汁含有水杨酸，也有同样的功效。1897年一个叫菲利克斯·霍夫曼的欧洲药剂师用这种化学物质制成了阿

司匹林。对该药进行的首批试验发生在1899年。当时，霍夫曼供职的公司开始将这种药以粉末形式分发给医师，在病人身上使用。一年之后，即1900年，阿司匹林被制成药片在药店出售。很快，阿司匹林成了世界上最畅销的止痛药。Not

onlyhasaspirinprovedvitalforreducingfeverandhelpingstoppain,buttherearealsootherthingsthataspirincanhelpwith.LawrenceCraven

,adoctorfromtheUSA,introducedtheideain1953thataspirinhadthepo-tentialtoreducetheriskofheartattacks,becauseithelpedthebloodcirculatebetter.The

reportwasignored.However,in1971,SmithandWillisfromtheUKprovedthataspirincouldhavethateffect,andin1977astudyc

ar­riedoutintheUSAshowedthataspirincouldpreventstrokes,aswell.Elevenyearslater,DrThunfromtheUSAshowedthataspirincouldreducethe

riskofsomecancersby40percent.In1999,aspirinwasover100yearsold,andyettherehavebeenmorediscoveriesabouthowitcanhelpincreaset

helengthofpeople’slives.In2003,aChinesedoctor,DrYuanMinsheng,foundthataspirincouldreducebloodsugarlevelsand,therefore,helppe

oplewithdiabetes.vital['vaItl]adj.对……极重要的，必不可少的Itisvitalthat...(should)do...从句用虚拟语气。notonly...butalso...连接并列

分句，notonly...位于句首时，该分句用部分倒装结构。that引导定语从句，修饰otherthings。that引导同位语从句。potential[pə'tenʃl]n.可能性，潜在性；潜能，潜力adj.潜在的，可能的havethepotentialtodosth.有做某事的可能he

artattackn．心脏病发作circulate['sɜːkjəleIt]vi.&vt.循环；传播过去分词短语作astudy的后置定语。stroke[strəʊk]n.中风，脑溢血；(打、击等)一下vt.轻抚，抚摸表示增加或减少的百分比时要用

介词by;表示增加或减少到多少的时候，要用介词to。how引导宾语从句，作介词about的宾语。bloodsugarn．血糖diabetes[ˌdaIə'biːtiːz]n.糖尿病阿司匹林不仅被证明对于退烧、止痛必不可少，而且还有其他用途。

美国医生劳伦斯·克雷文在1953年提出一个观点，即阿司匹林可能有助于降低心脏病发作的风险，因为它能改善血液循环。该报告并未引起人们的注意。但是，1971年，英国医生史密斯和威利斯证实阿司匹林的确有此功效。1977年，

美国的一项研究表明，阿司匹林还能预防中风。11年后，美国医生图恩证明，阿司匹林可以使某些癌症的发病率降低40%。到1999年，阿司匹林已有一百多年的历史，但是在它如何能够帮助延年益寿方面仍然有更多的发现。2003年，中国医生袁敏生发现，阿司匹林可以降低血糖水平，从而帮助糖尿病患者。P

enicillinAnotherdrugthathashelpedincreasethestandardofpeople’shealthispenicillin☺,whichisconsideredbymanytobeoneofthemostimpor

tantmedicinesincontemporarysociety.ItwasdiscoveredbyaScottishscientistnamedAlexanderFlemingin1928.Henotedthat

adishinwhichhewastryingtogrowbacteriaforanexperimentlookedabnormal—therewasbluemouldinit.Itastonishedhimtoseethebacterias

urroundingthemoulddead,whichmeantthatthemouldhadkilledthem.Flemingtriedthismouldoutonanotherbacteriumandfoundthatitkilledthebacteriumtoo

.Heimmediatelyrealizedthatthemouldmighthaveanapplicationintreatingillnessescausedbybacteria.Henamedtheliquidmadefromthemould‘penicillin’.

However,thedevelopmentofpenicillinasadrugfacedtwoproblems.First,hewasunabletofindaproceduretomakepenicillinpureenoughtoworkasamed

icine.Second,itwasdifficulttoproducepenicillinintheamplequantitiesneededtobeeffective.In1940,twootherscientists,HowardFlor

ey(Australian)andErnstChain(German-bornEnglish),helpedsolvetheseproblems,andmanagedtomakeandtestthenewd

ruginlargequantities.SincethenewdrugwasneededforWorldWarⅡ,thegovernmentapprovalprocessforpenicillinwasaccelerated,andmass

productionbeganin1944.Duetothewidespreaduseofpenicillin,manylivesweresavedduringthewar.Ifpenicillinhadnotbeenavai

lable,manypeoplewouldhavediedfromsicknessorevensmallwounds.Penicillinbecamethegreatestdrugofthe20th

century,savingmillionsoflives.In1945,thethreescientists,Fleming,FloreyandChain,sharedtheNobelPrizeinMedicinefor

theirwork.☺that引导定语从句，修饰drug。contemporaryadj.当代的which引导非限制性定语从句，修饰penicillin。abnormal[æb'nɔːml]adj.不正常的，反常的(ab-为否定前缀)inwhic

h引导定语从句，修饰adish，此时相当于关系副词where。mould[məʊld]n.霉，霉菌astonish[ə'stɒnIʃ]vt.使十分惊讶，使吃惊tryout测试，试验；参加选拔try..

.outon在……上试验某物application[ˌæplI'keIʃn]n.应用，运用；申请，申请表；涂抹haveanapplicationindoingsth.在做某事方面有用途unable[ʌn'eIbl]adj.不能，无法beunabletodo不能做workas充当，担当i

nquantity大量effective[I'fektIv]adj.有效的；实际的，事实上的；生效的managetodo设法做成since引导原因状语从句。approval[ə'pruːvl]n.批准，通过；赞成，同意accelerate[ək

'seləreIt]vt.&vi.(使)加速，加快mass[mæs]adj.大规模的n．一团，一堆；许多；(物理)质量massproductionn．批量生产dueto由于(在此处作状语)diefrom死于(外因)dieo

f死于(内因)sickness['sIknəs]n.疾病；恶心，呕吐与过去事实相反的虚拟语气句，从句谓语用haddone，主句谓语用would/could/might/shouldhavedone。现在分词短语作结果状语。theNobelP

rizeinMedicine诺贝尔医学奖theNobelPrizeinLiterature诺贝尔文学奖青霉素另外一种帮助人们提高健康水平的药物是青霉素。许多人认为这种药是当代社会最重要的药物之一。它是由一名叫亚历山大·弗莱明的苏格兰科学家于19

28年发现的。为了做实验，他试图在一个碟子中培育细菌，他注意到这个碟子看起来有些异常——它里面有蓝色的霉。令他十分惊讶的是，他发现这种霉周围的细菌都死了，这意味着这种霉杀死了它们。弗莱明将这种霉用在另外一种细菌上做试验，发现它同样杀死了那种细菌。他立刻意识

到这种霉或许能用于治疗由细菌引起的疾病。他将由这种霉制成的液体命名为“青霉素”。然而，青霉素的药物研发面临两个难题。首先，他难以找到一种方法来提纯药用的青霉素。其次，有效所需的青霉素也难以足量生产。在1940年，另外两位

科学家霍华德·弗洛里(澳大利亚人)和恩斯特·钱恩(在德国出生的英国人)帮助解决了这些问题，成功地大量制造和测试这种新药物。由于这种新药为第二次世界大战所需，政府审批青霉素的流程得以加快，并且于1944年大批量生产。正因为青霉素的广泛应用，战争期间的很多生命得以挽救。如果没有青霉

素，很多人会死于疾病，甚至是很小的伤口。青霉素挽救了无数人的性命。成为20世纪最了不起的药物。由于他们的工作成果，这三名科学家，弗莱明、弗洛里和钱恩于1945年共同获得了诺贝尔医学奖。A卷[学生用书P101(单独成册)]Ⅰ阅读理解AGrowing

upinmyhouseholdmeantoftenhearinglivemusic.WhenIwassixyearsold,ItookatraditionalIrishstepdanceclassIfellinloveandstuckwithitforthenext

sevenyears.DuringthattimemyfatheralsobecamemoreinvolvedintheIrishmusicworld,sohewouldplay,andIwoulddance.Myethnic

heritage(族裔归属)isGermanandIrish,butbecauseIwassurroundedbytraditionalIrishmusicanddanceinmyhome,IhavegrowntobemoreinterestedinandconnectedtomyIrishher

itage.WhenIstartedinterning(实习)fortheFolklifeFestival,IbecameinterestedintraditionalBasquemusicanddanceandIlearnedthattheirexperiencewithda

nceisverysimilartomyown.Therearesofarover170Basqueorganizationsin24countries,withagreaterpopulationofBasquesoutsideoftheBasquecountrythaninit

.Theseparationtheyexperiencefromtheirhomelandisbothphysicalandpsychological,sobeingpartofagroupwiththesameinterestsisanimportantsocials

upportsystem.TheseorganizationscontributetothecontinuationofBasqueculture,language,andcommunity,andencouragefuture

generationstolearnabouttheirethnicheritage.Oneofthewaystheyachievethisisthroughdance.WhilelearningandperformingBasquedances,theyconn

ecttotheirheritage,experienceapartoftheirhomeland,preserveBasqueculture,andcreateconnectionsandfriendshipsth

atlastalifetime.CalifornianValerieArrecheabeganteachingalongsideherfatherattheageofthirteenandonherownatsixteen.F

orher,danceisherpreferredexpressionofheritage;itprovidesawaytobeproudofherBasqueheritage.ThedanceperformancesofNor

thAmericanBasqueorganizationshavedevelopedtheinterestofnon­BasqueAmericansaswell.JanetIribarnefromtheBasqueDancersexplainedthattheirorg

anizationisopentoanyone,andafterseeinghergroupperform,severalofhernon­BasquefriendshavedevelopedtheirownloveofBasqu

etraditionsaswell.【解题导语】本文是一篇记叙文。作者在一次实习中接触到了巴斯克传统音乐和舞蹈并了解到：它们不仅带给巴斯克裔美国人民族认同感，由此建立的友谊也使他们终生难忘。1．Whatisthereasonfortheauthor’spreferenceforIris

hdance?A．Herdanceteacher.B．HerloveofIrishmusic.C．Herinterningexperience.D．Herfamily’sstrongrootindance.D解析：细节理解题。根据第一段中的becauseIwassurrou

ndedby...tomyIrishheritage可知，作者喜欢爱尔兰舞蹈是源于家庭氛围的熏陶。2．WhatdoweknowaboutBasquepeople?A．Mostofthemliveabroad.B．Theircultureisbeinglost.C．Theylivein

poorconditions.D．Theirpopulationisincreasing.A解析：细节理解题。根据第三段中的withagreaterpopulationofBasquesoutsideoftheBasquecountryth

aninit可知，大多数巴斯克人生活在国外。3．WhatisthepurposeofBasqueorganizations?A．TohelpBasquesinneed.B．TopreserveBasqueculture.C．Toprovidemedicaltreatmentfor

Basques.D．TosupportoverseasBasquechildrenforeducation.B解析：细节理解题。根据第三段中的TheseorganizationscontributetothecontinuationofBasqueculture,language,andco

mmunity,andencouragefuturegenerationstolearnabouttheirethnicheritage.可知，这些巴斯克组织旨在保护、传承传统文化。4．What’snon­BasqueAm

ericans’attitudetowardsBasquedance?A．Theyshownointerestinit.B．Theyfinditdifficulttolearn.C．Theyareenthusiasticaboutit.D．Theyareconcernedaboutitsfutur

e.C解析：观点态度题。根据末段中的ThedanceperformancesofNorthAmericanBasqueorganizationshavedevelopedtheinterestofnon-BasqueAmericansaswell.可

知，其他美国人对巴斯克舞蹈很感兴趣。BRecently,apaintingofactressElizabethTaylor,whichwasdrawnbyAmericanartistandfilmmakerAndy

Warhol,soldforU．S.D|S63million.Anothersimpleblack-and-whiteimageofaCoca-ColabottlesoldforU．S.D|S35million.Buttheall­timerecordforaWarholpaint

ingisD|S100millionforapiecetitledEightElvises.What’samazingisnotthatthepiecessoldforsomuch,butthefactthattheyarenotwhaty

ouwouldcalltraditionalart.Theyare“popart”，basedonsimpleimagesofthingsandpeoplefromadvertising,movies,musican

dday­to­daylife.Borninthe1920s,Warholgrewupmostlyseparatedfromotherchildrendueto(由于)healthproblems.Hespenta

lotofhistimealonedrawingandthenwentontostudyartincollege.Hebeganhiscareerasacommercial(商业的)artist,creatingpicturesformagazinearticlesandn

ewspaperads.ThatinspiredhimtoexperimentwithpopartandhehostedAmerica’sfirstpopartexhibitioninthe1960s.Th

eshowmetwithalotofdiscussionwithsomepeoplesayingthatwhathewasdoingwasnotart.Warholfollowedhisfirstworkswithaserieswear

eallfamiliarwith—paintingsofCoca­Colabottles,Brillosoappadboxes,andportraits(肖像)offamouspeople.Soonafter,War

holstoppedcreatinghisownartwork.Instead,hehadassistantsandotherartistscreatethemathisstudiocalled“TheFactory”.Warholwantedtoshowtheworldthatartd

oesn’thavetobecomplexororiginal;itcanbecreatedbyanyoneusingordinarythings.Today,Warhol’sworkisunmistakableinitsuniqueness.Nomatterhowyoumayfeelabouth

iswork,onethingcannotbeargued.Heintroducedtheworldtoawholenewartform,inspiringfuturegenerationsofartists,an

deventuallybecomingoneofthemostfamousandsuccessfulpopartartistsintheworld.【解题导语】本文主要讲了一位艺术家AndyWarhol，他创造了流行艺术，并且他举办

了第一个流行艺术展。他想告诉人们，艺术没有必要很复杂，很创新，它可以由任何人用普通的东西创造出来。5．Duringhischildhood,Warhol________．A．drewpicturesformagaz

inesB．alwayslivedalonelylifeC．showednointerestinartD．likedtopaintanddanceB解析：细节理解题。根据第二段的“Borninthe1920s

,Warholgrewupmostlyseparatedfromotherchildrendueto(由于)healthproblems.Hespentalotofhistimealonedrawingandthenwentontostudyarti

ncollege.”可知，因为身体原因，他只能独自待着，不能与其他人接触，所以他童年很孤独。所以选B。6．Callinghisstudio“TheFactory”，Warholtriedtoshow________．A．hisstudiowasasbigasafactoryB

．popartisdifferentfromtraditionalartC．artistsprefertoworkinafactoryD．artshouldbesimpleandeasytoproduceD解析：细节理解题。根据第三段

的“Warholwantedtoshowtheworldthatartdoesn’thavetobecomplexororiginal;itcanbecreatedbyanyoneusingordinarythings.”可知，他取名工厂，是想告诉人们艺术也可以很简单、很容易被创作出来。

所以选D。7．Whatwouldbethebesttitleforthetext?A．AndyWarhol’sWorldofPopArtB．WomeninthePopArtMovementC．AFunPop­artSelf­p

ortraitforKidsD．PopularPaintingsbyAndyWarholA解析：标题归纳题。这篇文章主要讲了AndyWarhol创造的流行艺术。所以选A。CPetrolanddieselc

arsmaystilldominateourroads，buttheirdaysarenumbered.Arecentuniversitystudyfoundthatcurrentelectriccarscouldbeusedfor87percentofdailycarjourneys

intheU．S.Thatfigurecouldriseto98percentby2020.Onehurdletothewidespreadadoptionofelectriccarshasbeen“rangeanxiety”—drivers’concernsaboutrunningoutofj

uiceonajourney.Whilepetrolstationsareconvenientlylocatedacrossnationalroadsystems，thenecessarynetworkofelectricchargingstationsisstillb

eingdeveloped.Thatsaid，chargingpointsarebecomingincreasinglycommonthroughouttheU．S.A.Attitudestowards

electricvehicleshavechangedquiteconsiderablyoverthelastfewyears.Notthatlongago，electriccarsweremetwithdistrust，andtheirlargepricetagsdr

ovecustomersaway.Thankstoimprovementsinbatterycapacity，rechargingtimes，performanceandprice，thecurrentgenerationo

felectriccarsisstartingtopersuadecritics.Plug-incarswillsoongiveinternalcombustionenginemodelsarunfortheirmoney.Aswellasadvancements

ontheroad，electricvehiclesaretakingtotheseasandskies.Electricboatsareamongtheoldestmethodsofelectrictr

avel，havingenjoyedseveraldecadesofpopularityfromthelate19thtotheearly20thcenturybeforepetrol-poweredoutboar

dmotorstookover.Now，theglobaldriveforrenewableenergysourcesisbringingelectricboatsback.Stepstowardselectricairtravelarealsobeingmade，withAirbusandN

ASAamongtheorganizationsdevelopingandtestingbatterypoweredplanes.Theexperimentscouldsoonmakecommercialelectricfl

ightareality.Electricvehiclesdonotproduceanyemissions.WeretheU．S.toactonthestudy’sfindingsandreplace87percentofitscarswithelectricveh

icles，itwouldreducethenationaldemandforpetrolby61percent.However，becauseoftheproductionprocessesandthegenerationofelectricityrequir

edtochargethesevehicles，theycannotclaimtobecompletelyemission-free.Thatsaid，asmanycountriescontinuetoincreasetheirus

eofrenewableenergysources，electricvehicleswillbecomeevencleaner.【解题导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了汽油和柴油车将逐步被电动汽车代替以

及电动交通工具在未来的发展。8．Whichisthebesttitleforthispassage?A．MyDreamCarB．HistoryofElectricCarsC．ProblemswithPe

trolCarsD．DrivingintotheFutureD解析：标题归纳题。通读全文可知，本文介绍了汽油和柴油车将逐步被电动汽车代替以及电动交通工具在未来的发展。D项“驶向未来”形象地概括了文章的主旨，故选D项。9．Asusedi

nParagraph2，theunderlinedword“hurdle”means“________”．A．aimB．barrierC．consequenceD．stepB解析：词义猜测题。根据第二段中的“drivers’concernsaboutrunningoutofjuic

eonajourney”可知，司机担心在路上没电的问题。因此，这是电动汽车普及的一个障碍，故选B项。10．Inthepast，whydidmanypeoplerefusetobuytheelectriccars?A．Theywerenotgoodvalue

.B．Theywereverypoorlymade.C．Theywerenotwidelypromoted.D．Theycouldn’ttravelatahighspeed.A解析：细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Nott

hatlongago，electriccarsweremetwithdistrust，andtheirlargepricetagsdrovecustomersaway.”可知，人们是被当时这种电动汽车的价格吓跑的；根据该段中的“Thankstoimprovementsin

batterycapacity，rechargingtimes，performanceandprice，thecurrentgenerationofelectriccarsisstartingtopersuadecritics.”可知，随着电池容量、可充电次数的增加、汽车性能的改善和价

格的优化，这一代电动汽车已经开始吸引消费者购买了。这说明以前的电动汽车在各方面还不够完善，人们认为不值那个价钱。故选A项。11．WhatisthefunctionofParagraph4?A．Tointroducethehistoryofelec

trictravel.B．Toexplainwhytheworldneedsmoreelectriccars.C．Toshowwhymorepeoplehaveinterestinelectriccars.D．Todescribedifferentwayselectricvehiclesca

nbeused.D解析：段落大意题。根据第四段中的“electricvehiclesaretakingtotheseasandskies”可知，除了在公路上，其他地方也可以使用电动交通工具。故选D项。Ⅱ

七选五Chinahasbeenthebirthplaceofmanyoftheworld’sgreatestinventions.Itwas，forexample，thefirstcountrytoproducepapermoney.Beforetheinventionofpa

permoneyandcoins，peopleusedmanydifferentkindsofthingsforbuyingandselling.1.________Thisexchangeofgoodsandservicesfo

rothergoodsandservicesiscalledbartering.2．________In1，200B．C.，peopleinChinabegantouseshells(贝壳)asmoney.Usuallytheshellsusedasmoneywerev

erysmall.Thismadeiteasierforpeopletocarrymoneyoverlongdistances，andallowedfortradetodevelopbetweendifferentpartsofthecountry.Intheyearswhichfollow

edthisinvention，manyothercountriesaroundtheworldbegantodothesame.3.________Thenextdevelopmentwasin1，000B．C.，whenChinastartedm

akingbronzeandcoppershells.Itwasn’tlongbeforetheChinesemaderoundcoinsoutofmetal.4.________By500B．C.，metalcoinshadbeguntoappearincountrieslikeP

ersiaandGreece，andlaterintheRomanEmpire.About1，000yearslater，leatherwasusedasmoneyinChina，andin806A．D.，thefirstpaperbanknoteswerep

roducedbytheChinesepeople.5.________A．Peoplealsobegancollectingforeigncoinsassouvenirs.B．However，asecon

omiesdeveloped，suchexchangesbecameimpractical.C．ItwasstillmanyyearsbeforepapercurrencyappearedinEurope.D．Theyalsousedtinyshel

lsasmoneyforbuyingandselling.E．Astimewentby，tradebetweencountriesincreased.F．Duringthattime，forexample，buyingachicke

nmightcostseveralpotatoes.G．Theveryfirstcoinsoftenhadholesinthemsothatpeoplecouldstringthemtogether.【解题导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要按照时间顺序讲述了中国和世界上其他国家货币发

展的历史。1．F解析：根据空前的“peopleusedmanydifferentkindsofthingsforbuyingandselling”及空后的“Thisexchangeofgoodsandservice

sforothergoodsandservicesiscalledbartering.”可知，此处主要讲的是“物物交换”，F项中的“buyingachickenmightcostseveralpotatoes”是“物物交换”

的一个例子，符合上下文文意，故选F项。2．B解析：本文第一段讲的是“物物交换”；根据空后的“In1，200B．C.peopleinChinabegantouseshells(贝壳)asmoney.Usuallytheshellsusedas

moneywereverysmall.”可知，第二段讲的是“贝壳作为货币使用”，故此空的作用是承上启下。B项中的“suchexchanges”与第一段最后一句中的“Thisexchange”相呼应，且B项中的“Howev

er”以及“impractical”表明“物物交换”有局限性，所以出现了更加方便携带的贝壳货币，符合上下文文意，故选B项。3．D解析：根据第二段内容及空前的“manyothercountriesaroundtheworldbegantodothesame”可知，

许多其他国家也开始这样做了。“todothesame”指的就是“也开始用贝壳作为买卖的货币”，故D项“他们也使用小贝壳作为货币进行买卖”符合上下文文意，故选D项。4．G解析：根据空前的“Itwasn’tlongbeforetheChinesemaderou

ndcoinsoutofmetal.”可知，中国出现了金属制成的圆形钱币；根据空后的“By500B．C.metalcoinshadbeguntoappearincountrieslikePersiaandGreece，and

laterintheRomanEmpire.”可知，到公元前500年这种金属钱币开始在其他国家出现。故空处应是解释这种金属钱币在其他国家出现的原因。故选G项“这种首次出现的钱币上通常有孔以便人们把它们串起来”。

5．C解析：根据空前的“thefirstpaperbanknoteswereproducedbytheChinesepeople”可知，此处讲到了纸币首先由中国人创造，故C项“很多年后纸币才出现在欧洲”与此处衔接紧密

，故选C项。B卷[学生用书P103(单独成册)]Ⅰ阅读理解(2019·成都高二月考)Flauberthaditthat“onewayoftoleratingexistenceistoloseoneselfinliteratureasinanunendingparty”.Itturnsoutth

atreadingdoesn’tonlyhelpustotolerateexistence,butactuallylengthensit.ArecentstudybyYaleUniversityresearchers,publi

shedonlineinthejournalSocialScience&Medicine,concludedthat“bookreadersexperienceda20percentreductionintheriskofd

eathoverthe12yearsoffollow-upcomparedtonon-readers”．ThedatawasobtainedfromthestudysponsoredbytheNationalInstituteonAging.Thestudy

lookedat3，635subjects,allolderthan50,whomtheresearchersdividedintothreegroups：thosewhodidn’treadbooks,thosewhoreadupto3.5hoursaweekandthosew

horeadmorethan3.5hoursaweek.Thefindingswereremarkable：onaverage,bookreaderssurvivedalmosttwoyearslongerthanthosewhodidn’tcrackopenabook.Th

emorethesubjectsread,thelongertheylived,butaslittleas30minutesadaywasstillbeneficialintermsofsurvival.Accountingforfactors

suchaseducationlevel,incomeandhealthstatus,thestudyfoundthatthosewhoreadmorethan3.5hoursweeklywere23percentl

esslikelytodieduringthat12-yearperiod.Thosewhoreadupto3.5hours—anaverageofahalfhouraday—were17percentlesslikely.“Inotherword

s,justlikeahealthydietandexercise,booksappeartopromoteasignificantsurvivaladvantage，”theauthorsconcluded.Whyorhowth

at’sthecaseremainsunclear；theresearchshowedonlyanassociationbetweenbookreadingandlongevity,notacausalrela

tionship.Butthefindingsarenotsosurprising.Otherrecentresearchshowedthatreadingnovelsappearstoincreasebothbrainconnectivityandsym

pathy.【解题导语】研究发现，阅读和长寿有一定的联系，阅读者的平均寿命比不读书的人长将近两岁。1．WhydoestheauthormentionFlaubert’swordsinthefirstparag

raph?A．Tostressthevalueofreading.B．Tocomparereadingwithaparty.C．Tointroducethestudyonreading.D．Tosupportthefindingsofthestudy.C解析：推理判断题。文章第一段引用Flaub

ert的名言说明读书的作用，接着第二段介绍了耶鲁大学关于读书与死亡风险之间关系的研究。据此可以判断，引用Flaubert的名言旨在介绍对阅读的作用的研究，故C项正确。2．Fromthetext,whatcanwelearnaboutthestu

dy?A．Nosimilarstudyonreadinghasbeencarriedout.B．Theprocessofthestudylastedmorethantenyears.C．Itshowsreaderslivetwoyearslongerthannon-readers.D．Itshow

stimespentonreadingincreasesone’sloveforit.B解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的“‘bookreaders...tonon-readers’”可知，在12年的跟踪

调查中发现，与不读书的人相比，阅读者的死亡风险降低了20%。据此可知，该项调查持续了十多年，故B项正确。3．Whatdotheunderlinedwords“that’sthecase”probablymean?A．Reading

booksenablespeopletolivelonger.B．Readingissimilartoahealthydietandexercise.C．Readingbooksiscloselyassociatedwithlongevity.D．Readingincreasesbraincon

nectivityandsympathy.A解析：词义猜测题。根据上文中的“booksappeartopromoteasignificantsurvivaladvantage”及上文所述的研究结论“读书可以延长寿命”和该句“Whyorhowthat’st

hecase...notacausalrelationship.”可知，阅读为什么以及以什么方式延长读者寿命，人们仍然不清楚。据此可知，画线词指代研究表明的“读书可以延长寿命”，故A项正确。4．Wherecanwemostprobably

readthistext?A．https：//www.theguardian.com/life-and-style/family.B．https：//www.barnesandnoble.com/books/coming-soon.C．https：//www.washingtonpost.co

m/news/to-your-health.D．http：//www.thebookbag.co.uk/Book-Recommendations.C解析：文章出处题。通读全文可知，本文主要说明了阅读和长寿有一定的联系，阅读者的平均寿命比不读书的人长将

近两岁，阅读能增强大脑的功能。据此可以判断，本文属于健康类话题，因此最可能摘自健康网站，故C项正确。Ⅱ完形填空Gradythrewdownhisbackpackandslammedthecardoorshut.“Thisisgoingtobeareally__1__week，”hesai

dunhappilytonoone__2__．Helookedaroundthecampground.Hundredsofblue-greenfirtrees，someastallaschurchtowers，__3__themountainside，givi

ngittheappearanceofalushgreencarpet.Thesunwouldbesettingsoon.Then，Gradythought，maybethe__4__wouldn’tfeelso

bad.Evenuphereinthe__5__，thehotstickinessofJulyclungtohim.Gradyhatedcamping，butitwassomethinghisfamily__6_

_everysummer.Hisfatherlikedcookingoveranopenfire，tellingstoriesabouthowto__7__thingslikebearattacksa

ndswarmsofbees.HismotherandyoungerbrotherJaredlikedtohikeandtake__8__ofanimals.Jaredhadacollectionofbugpicturesthathe’d__9__to

thewallsinhishalfoftheirroom.GradythoughttheywerejustscaryandconsideredthemproofthatJaredwasa__10__kid.Theysetupcamp—two__11__，oneforhi

sparentsandoneforhimselfandJared.Whileeveryoneelsestarted__12__dinner，Grady，lookingforsomeplacetocooldown，setoffforthen

earbystream，whichwasdeepenoughto__13__in.Ashe__14__thestream，somethingcaughthiseye.Therewasa(n)__15__blackbearcub—nomorethantw

ofeettallwithalovelyface.Itwasplaying__16__atthewater’sedge，__17__itssurroundings.Gradymovedclosertogeta__18__look.ThenGradyheardasou

ndbehindhim.He__19__hisfathersayingthatbearcubswouldneverbe__20__．Thenheturnedaroundandsawthecub’smothermovingswiftlytowardshim...【解题

导语】本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲述的是Grady和家人一起露营，由于天气太热，Grady独自一人去找小溪乘凉，却遇到了黑熊的故事。1．A.longB．interestingC．peacefulD．risk

yA解析：根据空后的“unhappily”可知，此处应用long表示这一周会很漫长。long“漫长的”；interesting“有趣的”；peaceful“和平的，平静的”；risky“危险的，冒险的”。2．A.inadvanceB．inbriefC

．inparticularD．insilenceC解析：他不高兴地自言自语道：“这将是很漫长的一周。”Grady并没有特别地对某个人说，因此，C项符合语境。insilence“安静地，无声地”。3．A.blockedB．coveredC．reflectedD．scarredB解析

：数以百计的蓝绿色冷杉树，有些像教堂塔一样高，覆盖着山坡，使山坡呈现出一个郁郁葱葱的像绿色地毯的外观。从下文的“carpet”可知，数以百计的冷杉树覆盖着山坡。block“阻止，阻塞”；cover“覆盖”；reflect“反射，映出”；scar“结疤，给……留下伤痕”。4．A.dustB．

campgroundC．heatD．sunC解析：根据上文中的“Thesunwouldbesettingsoon.”及下文中的“thehotstickinessofJulyclungtohim”可知，Grady认为太阳下山后就不会那么热了。故C项heat“高温”符合语

境。dust“尘土”；campground“野营地”。5．A.mountainB．riverC．skyD．towerA解析：即使在山上，7月的炎热依旧如影随形。根据上文中的“mountainside”可知，作者的野营地在山上。故选A项。6．A.believed

inB．insistedonC．cameacrossD．livedthroughB解析：Grady讨厌野营，但是这是他家人每年夏天坚持的事情。根据空前的转折词but可知，Grady的家人和他的想法相反。believein“

相信”；insiston“坚持”；comeacross“偶遇”；livethrough“经历过”。故选B项。7．A.encourageB．exploreC．recognizeD．surviveD解析：他的父亲喜欢在户外的火上做饭，讲关于如何在类似熊和蜜蜂的攻击下生存下来的故事。根据空

后的“bearattacksandswarmsofbees”可知，这些故事是关于如何在类似熊和蜜蜂攻击下生存的。survive“幸存，生还”符合语境。encourage“鼓励”；explore“探索”；recognize“认

识，认出”。8．A.careB．controlC．picturesD．examplesC解析：根据后一句中的“Jaredhadacollectionofbugpictures”可知，本空指给动物拍照。takepi

cturesof“拍……的照片”，为固定搭配。9．A.guidedB．pinnedC．takenD．thrownB解析：根据空后的“tothewalls”可知，这些照片是被钉在墙上的。guide“指导，引导”

；pin“(用钉等)钉住”；take“携带”；throw“扔”。10．A.sensitiveB．smartC．toughD．strangeD解析：根据语境可知，Grady认为这些(虫子的照片)非常吓人，并且把它们当作证明Jared是一个奇怪的孩子的证据。sensitive“敏感的”；sma

rt“聪明的”；tough“坚强的”；strange“奇怪的”。11．A.bedsB．roomsC．tentsD．platesC解析：根据空前的“camp”可知，此处是搭起两个帐篷。bed“床”；room“房间”；tent“帐篷”；plate“盘子”。故选C项。12．A

.alteringB．huntingC．orderingD．preparingD解析：根据空后的“dinner”及常识可知，此处表示准备晚餐。alter“改变”；hunt“打猎”；order“点菜”；prepare“准备”。13．A.digB．swimC．hideD．sinkB

解析：当其他人都在开始准备晚餐的时候，Grady想要寻找清凉的地方，于是动身去附近的小溪。这条小溪足够深，可以在里面游泳。根据本句中的“lookingforsomeplacetocooldown”可知，Grady想在小溪里游泳凉快一下。dig“挖”；swim“游泳”；hide“躲藏

”；sink“沉没”。14．A.crossedB．imaginedC．leftD．nearedD解析：根据上文中的“setoffforthenearbystream”可知，Grady朝小溪走去，因此此处表示离小溪越来越近。near“靠近(某地

方)”符合语境。15．A.adorableB．aggressiveC．injuredD．largeA解析：根据空后的“nomorethantwofeettallwithalovelyface”可知，小黑熊很可爱。adorable“可爱的”；aggress

ive“侵略性的，好斗的”；injured“受伤的”。故选A项。16．A.cautiouslyB．joyfullyC．forcefullyD．nervouslyB解析：小黑熊在水边快乐地玩耍，忽视了它周围的环境。cautiously“小心地，谨慎地”；joyfully“

高兴地”；forcefully“强有力地”；nervously“紧张地”。故选B项。17．A.attackingB．destroyingC．hatingD．ignoringD解析：参见上题解析。attack“攻击，进攻”；destroy“破坏”

；hate“讨厌”；ignore“忽视，不顾”。18．A.betterB．brighterC．fixedD．lastingA解析：Grady走近了一点，想看得更清楚一些。getabetterlook“看得更清楚”。19．A.foundB．lea

rnedC．rememberedD．misunderstoodC解析：这时Grady听到后面传来一阵声音，Grady记起父亲说过熊的幼仔不会单独出行的。find“发现”；learn“学会，了解到”；remember“记得”；misunderstand“误解”。20．A

.aloneB．awakeC．cuteD．scaredA解析：根据空后的“Thenheturnedaroundandsawthecub’smothermovingswiftlytowardshim...”可知，小黑熊的妈妈

正朝Grady迅速地走来。因此，此处表示熊的幼仔从来不会单独出行。alone“独自的”；awake“醒着的”；cute“漂亮的，聪明的”；scared“恐惧的，惊恐的”。Ⅲ语法填空Therobotlawnmow

ers(割草机)1.____________(design)byushavethefollowingbenefitsbesidessavingyourtimeandeffort.First,theyareenvironmental

lyfriendly.Withglobalwarmingnow2.____________(be)amajorconcernyoucanhavepeaceofmindwiththesemowers.Theyrunonrechargeablebatteriesanddonotusepetrol

orburnoillikeconventionallawnmowers.Second,theyworkvery3.____________(quiet).Aftercarefulassessment,noisefromthem4.____________(find)tobeabout60

decibels(分贝)lowerthanatypicallawnmower,soyoucanprogramthemtoworkatnightwhileyousleep.Third,rainsensors(传感器)inourrobotlawnmowerswa

rntherobot5.____________(return)toitsshelterorstayinitsshelterwhileit’sraining.On6.____________otherhand,ifyouareu

singasimpleelectriclawnmower,youwillhavetostayoutintherainwhileyougetyourmowerundershelter7.____________itwillbeuseless.Fo

urth,bumpsensorsinourrobotlawnmowerprotectthelawnmowerfromrunningoveritems8.____________maybelyingintheyard,thusincr

easingitslifeandefficiency.Lastbutnotleast,theyare9.____________(benefit)forpeoplewithallergy(过敏症)problems—theycancutyourgr

asswhileyousitfaraway,readingyourfavoritenovel10.____________comfort.1．designed解析：考查过去分词作定语的用法。设空处作后置定语修

饰robotlawnmowers，design与robotlawnmowers之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，且design所表示的动作已发生，故填designed。2．being解析：考查动词-ing形式作补语的用法。此处是with复合结构作状语，

因globalwarming与be之间是逻辑上的主谓关系，且be所表示的状态与谓语动词所表示的状态同时存在，故填being。3．quietly解析：考查副词。设空处修饰谓语动词work，故填副词quietly。4．wasfound解析：考查一般过去时的被动语态。由

Aftercarefulassessment可知，此处用一般过去时，又因noise与find之间是被动关系，故填wasfound。5．toreturn解析：考查不定式作宾补的用法。warnsb./sth

.todosth.意为“提醒某人/某物做某事”。6．the解析：考查定冠词。ontheotherhand意为“另一方面”。7．or/otherwise解析：考查连词。设空处连接两个分句，表示“否则，要不然”，故填o

r/otherwise。8．that/which解析：考查关系代词。设空处引导限制性定语从句修饰先行词items，且在从句中作主语，故填that/which。9．beneficial解析：考查形容词作表语的用法。设空处作表语，意为“有益的，有帮助的”，故填beneficial。10．

in解析：考查介词。incomfort意为“舒适地”。获得更多资源请扫码加入享学资源网微信公众号www.xiangxue100.com