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当今社会，一个人会讲两、三种语言已不再是什么稀奇的事。但你有没有思考过这样一个问题：世界上到底有多少种语言？读完下面的短文，会让你大吃一惊。Whenpeopleareaskedhowmanylanguagestheythinktherea

reintheworld,theanswersvaryquiteabit.Onerandom(随意的)samplingofNewYorkers,forinstance,resultedinanswerslike“probablyseveralhundred”．How

everwechoosetocountthem,though,thisisnotclose.Whenwelookatreferenceworks,wefindestimates(估计)thathaveescalated(上升)overtime.The1911(11th)editionofthe

EncyclopediaBritannica(大英百科全书),forexample,impliesafiguresomewherearound1，000,anumberthatclimbssteadilyoverth

ecourseofthetwentiethcentury.Thatisnotduetoanyincreaseinthenumberoflanguages,butrathertoourincreasedunderstandingofhowmanylanguage

sareactuallyspokeninareasthathadpreviouslybeenunder­described.Muchpioneeringworkinprovingthelanguagesof

theworldhasbeendonebymissionary(传教的)organizations(suchastheSummerInstituteofLinguistics)withaninterestintranslatingtheChristia

nBible(圣经)．Asof1997,atleastaportionoftheBiblehadbeentranslatedinto2，197differentlanguages,stillalongwa

yshortoffullcoverage.Themostextensivecatalog(目录)oftheworld’slanguages,generallytakentobeasauthoritative(

权威的)asany,isthatoftheEthnology(人类学)organization,whosedetailedclassifiedlistcurrentlyincludes6，809distinctlanguages.SectionⅠWelcometotheunit&Reading—W

armingUp[基础词汇]1．defeatvt.击败，战胜2．replacevt.替换，代替，取代3．raisevt.养育，培养；举起；增加，提高；筹募；提及4．thereforeadv.因此，所以5．processn.过程

；进程6．distinctionn.区别，差别7．accentn.口音，腔调；着重点[拓展词汇]8．occupyvt.占领；占用(时间、空间等)→occupationn．职业；占有；消遣；居住9．mixturen．混合，混合体→mixv．混合；掺入；合成；融合10

．officialadj.官方的，正式的→officiallyadv.官方地；正式地；公务上→officern．官员；高级职员；警官；军官11．contributionn．贡献，促成因素；捐赠→contributevt.捐助；投稿

12．entireadj.完全的，整个的→entirelyadv.完全地；全部地1．be_made_up_of/consist_of由……组成(构成)2．name_after以……命名3．aside_from除……之外4．make_contributions_to对……做出贡献5．

take_control_of控制，取得对……的控制6．lead_to导致7．replace...with...用……替代……8．mother_tongue母语，本国语9．go_through经历10．keep_on持续1．why引导

的表语从句Thatiswhy_English_has_so_many_difficult_rules(为什么英语有这么多很难的规则)thatconfusepeople.2．eventhough引导让步状语从句Even_though

_the_Normans_spoke_French(尽管诺曼人讲法语)fortheentire250yearstheyruledEngland,FrenchdidnotreplaceEnglishasthefirstlanguage.3．do/did强调谓语

动词Ontheotherhand,theEnglishlanguagedid_borrow(的确借用了)manywordsfromFrench.4．while连接两个并列成分AftertheNormanConquest,high­class

peoplespokeFrenchwhile(然而)commonpeoplespokeEnglish.5．whether引导宾语从句Thequestionofwhether_English_will_keep_on_changing(英语是否会继续变化)inthefutureisea

sytoanswer.ⅠReadthetextcarefullyandchoosethebestanswer.1．Celticwas________．A．spokenbyGermansinthemiddleof5thcenturyB．one

ofthetwoGermanictribeswhoinvadedBritainC．thelanguageusedinBritainbeforethemiddleofthe5thcenturyD．calledOldEnglish2．OldEnglis

hconsistedofdifferentlanguagesusedbydifferentpeople.WhichofthefollowingisNOTmentionedinthetext?A．TheAnglesandtheSaxons.B．TheVikings.C．Fren

ch.D．Celtic.3．WhichlanguagehadanimportanteffectontheEnglishlanguageduringMiddleEnglishperiod?A．German.B．French.C．Latin.D．Greek.4．Fromthetex

t,wecanlearnthat________．A．thepluralformsofmanandchildwereborrowedfromFrenchB．theAnglesandtheSaxonsmadethegreatestcontributioninthehisto

ryofEnglishC．OldEnglishwasmadeupofCelticandthelanguageoftheAnglesandtheSaxonsD．Englishhasmanywordsandphraseswit

hsimilarmeaningswhichcamefromdifferentlanguages答案：1－4.CCBDⅡAnalyzethefollowingdifficultsentencesinthetext.1．Themostimportant

contributionwasfromtheNormans,aFrench­speakingpeoplewhodefeatedEnglandandtookcontrolofthecountryin1066.Themostimport

antcontributionwasfromtheNormans是主干句；aFrench-speakingpeople是____________；whodefeatedEnglandandtookcontrolofthecountryin1066是who引导的______

__从句。[尝试翻译]最大的贡献来自讲法语的诺曼人，他们在1066年击败了英格兰____________________。答案：同位语；定语；并控制了这个国家2．ThequestionofwhetherEnglishwillkeeponchanging

inthefutureiseasytoanswer.本句的主干句是Thequestioniseasytoanswer,句中的iseasytoanswer为主动形式表________，不定式与主语之间为逻辑上的________关系；whetherEnglishwillkeeponchangingin

thefuture是whether引导的________从句。[尝试翻译]英语是否会在将来继续变化这个问题________________。答案：被动；动宾；宾语；是容易回答的EnglishanditshistoryA

llthrough①history,peoplefrommanydifferentcountriesandcultureshavelivedtogetherinBritain.TheEnglishlanguageismadeupof②thegr

ammarandvocabulary③thesepeoplebroughttoBritain.ThatiswhyEnglishhassomanydifficultrulesthatconfusepeople④.①allthr

ough一直，从来就②bemadeupof由……组成(构成)makeup编造；构成；弥补(for)；和解；化妆③vocabulary[və'kæbjələrI]n.词汇thesepeoplebroughttoBritain是定语从句，修饰先行词thegrammarandvocab

ulary，关系代词省略了。④why引导表语从句，其中又包含that引导的定语从句。英语及其历史有史以来，在不列颠共同生活着来自许多不同国家和文化背景的人们。英语是由进入不列颠的这些人所说的语言的语法和词汇构成的。这就是为什么英语有这么多很难的困惑人们的规则的原因。

OldEnglishOldEnglishisverydifferentfrom⑤theEnglishwespeaknowadays⑥.Infact⑦，wewouldnotbeabletounder­standitifweheardittoday.Beforethemiddleofthe

5thcentury,peopleinBritainallspokealanguagecalledCeltic⑧.ThentwoGermanic⑨groupsfromtheEuropeanmainlandB10—theAngles⑪andt

heSaxons⑫—occupied⑬Britain.OldEnglishconsistedof⑭amixture⑮oftheirlanguages.(BoththeEnglishlanguageandtheEnglishpeoplearenamedaft

er⑯theAngles；thewordAnglewasspeltEngleinOldEnglish.)Asidefrom⑰placenamessuchasLondon,veryfewCelticwordsbecamepartofOldEnglish.Attheendof⑱the9thcentur

y,theVikings⑲，peoplefromNorthernEuropeancountriessuchasDenmarkandNorway⑳，begantomovetoBritain.Theybroughtwiththemtheirlanguages,w

hichalsomixedwithOldEnglish.Bythe10thcentury,OldEnglishhadbecometheofficiallanguageofEngland.WhenwespeakEnglishtoday,wesometimes

feelpuzzledaboutwhichwordsofphrasestouse.ThisisbecauseEnglishhasmanywordsandphrasesfromdifferentlanguages,butwithsimilarmeanings.Forexample,the

wordsickcamefromawordonceusedbytheAnglesandtheSaxons，whileillcamefromawordonceusedbytheNorwegians.⑤bedifferentfrom...与……不同⑥nowadays['naʊədeIz

]adv.现在，如今⑦infact事实上⑧Celtic['keltIk]n.凯尔特语⑨Germanic[dʒɜː'mænIk]adj.日耳曼语(族)的○10mainland['meInlænd]n.大陆⑪Angle['æŋɡl]

n.盎格鲁人⑫Saxon['sæksn]n.撒克逊人⑬occupy['ɒkjʊpaI]vt.占领；占用(时间、空间等)⑭consistof由……组成(构成)(＝bemadeupof)，无被动语态。consist[kən'sIst]vi.组成，构成⑮mixture['mIkstʃə(r)]n.混合，

混合体⑯nameafter以……命名⑰asidefrom除……之外aside[ə'saId]adv.除……之外⑱attheendof...在……末⑲Viking['vaIkIŋ]n.维京人，北欧海盗⑳peoplefrom...andNorway是theVikings的同位语。○21w

hich引导非限制性定语从句，修饰languages。○22official[ə'fIʃl]adj.官方的，正式的○23phrase[freIz]n.词组，短语○24Thisisbecause...“这是因为……”，because引导表语

从句。其中介词短语fromdifferentlanguages作定语，修饰wordsandphrases。○25forexample例如○26过去分词短语onceusedby...作后置定语，修饰aword。○27while为并列连词，意为“而，然

而”，表对比。古英语古英语和现在我们说的英语非常不同。事实上，如果我们今天听到古英语，会听不懂。公元5世纪中叶以前，不列颠所有的人都说一种叫凯尔特语的语言。然后，来自欧洲大陆的两个日耳曼部族——盎格鲁人和撒克逊人——占领了不

列颠。古英语是由他们语言的混合体组成的。(英语和英国人都是按照盎格鲁人来命名的；Angle这个词在古英语里拼作Engle。)除了像伦敦这样的地名之外，很少有几个凯尔特语词汇成为古英语的一部分。在9世纪末，来自北欧诸国例如丹麦和挪威的维京人开始向不列颠

移居。他们带来了他们的语言，这些语言也与古英语交汇在了一起。到了10世纪，古英语已成为英格兰的官方语言。现在，当我们讲英语时，我们有时会对用哪些单词或短语感到困惑。这是因为英语有着许多来自不同语言的单词和短语，但是这些单词和短语有着相似的意思。比

如，sick一词就是来自盎格鲁人和撒克逊人曾经用过的一个词，而ill则来自曾经被挪威人用过的一个词。MiddleEnglishMiddleEnglishisthenamegiventotheEnglishusedfromaroundthe12thtothe15thcen

turies.ManythingsplayedapartinthedevelopmentofthisnewtypeofEnglish.ThemostimportantcontributionwasfromtheNormans,aFrench­speakin

gpeoplewhodefeatedEnglandandtookcontrolofthecountryin1066.However,theNormanConquestdidnotaffect

EnglishasmuchastheAnglesandtheSaxons’victoryabout600yearsearlier,whichledtoOldEnglishreplacingCeltic.EventhoughtheNormansspokeFrenc

hfortheentire☺250yearstheyruledEngland,FrenchdidnotreplaceEnglishasthefirstlanguage.Ontheotherhand,theEng

lishlanguagedidborrowmanywordsfromFrench.Thisresultedinevenmorewordswithsimilarmeanings,suchasanswer(fromOldEnglish)an

dreply(fromOldFrench).Itisinterestingtolearnhowthewordsforanimalsandmeatdeveloped.AftertheNormanConquest,manyEnglishpeopleworkedasservantsw

horaisedanimals.Therefore,thewordsweuseformostanimalsraisedforfood,suchascow,sheepandpig,camefromOldEnglish.However,thewordsforthemeatof

theseanimals,whichwasservedtotheNormans,camefromOldFrench：beef,mutton,porkandbacon.○28givento...是过去分词短语作后置定语，修饰name。其中usedf

rom...也是过去分词短语作后置定语，修饰English。○29playapartin在……中起作用，参与○30contribution[ˌkɒntrI'bjuːʃn]n.贡献，促成因素；捐赠makecontributionsto为……做贡献○

31Norman['nɔːmən]n.&adj.诺曼人(的)○32defeat[dI'fiːt]vt.击败，战胜○33takecontrolof控制，取得对……的控制○34who引导定语从句，修饰aF

rench-speakingpeople。○35however“然而”，可放在句首、句中或句末，但要注意标点。○36theNormanConquest['kɒŋkwest]诺曼征服(诺曼人对英格兰的军事征服)○37affectvt.影响；感动；(疾病)侵袭effectn．影响havean/noe

ffecton对……有/没有影响○38leadto“导致”，其中to为介词。○39replace[rI'pleIs]vt.替换，代替，取代○40which引导非限制性定语从句。○41entire[In'taIə(r)]ad

j.完全的，整个的○42eventhough引导让步状语从句。○43ontheotherhand另一方面○44resultin造成，导致○45suchas诸如，比如○46workas担任，充当○47s

ervant['sɜːvənt]n.仆人○48raise[reIz]vt.养育，培养；举起；增加，提高；筹募；提及○49who引导定语从句，修饰servants。○50therefore['ðeəfɔː(r)]adv.因此，所以○51weuse...是定语从句修饰

words；raisedforfood是过去分词短语作后置定语。○52which引导非限制性定语从句。○53mutton['mʌtn]n.羊肉○54bacon['beIkən]n.熏猪肉，咸猪肉中古英语中古英语是给大约12世纪到15

世纪期间使用过的英语起的名字。在这一新型英语的发展中，许多事件起了作用。最大的贡献来自讲法语的诺曼人，他们在1066年击败了英格兰并控制了这个国家。然而，诺曼征服对英语的影响不及约600年前盎格鲁人和撒克逊人的胜利对英语

的影响，那场胜利导致古英语代替了凯尔特语。尽管诺曼人在统治英格兰的整整250年间一直讲法语，但是法语并没有取代英语成为第一语言。另一方面，英语也确实借用了许多法语单词。这造成了甚至更多意思相近的单词，比如answer(来自古英语)和reply(来自古法语)。了解有关动

物和肉的词汇是怎样演变而来的是件挺有趣的事。诺曼征服之后，许多英国人以仆人的身份从事饲养动物的工作。因此，我们使用的作为食物类饲养的大部分动物的单词，比如cow(母牛)，sheep(绵羊)和pig(猪)，来自古英语。然而，由于这些动物的肉是供应给诺曼人的，所以指代这些动物的肉的词来自

古法语，如beef(牛肉)，mutton(羊肉)，pork(猪肉)和bacon(熏猪肉，咸猪肉)。OldFrenchmadeothercontributionstoMiddleEnglishaswel

l.InOldEnglish,theGermanicwayofmakingwordspluralwasused.Forexample,theysaidhouseninsteadofhouses,andshoeninsteadofsho

es.AftertheNormanstookcontrol,theybeganusingtheFrenchwayofmakingplurals,addingan­stohouseandshoe.On

lyafewwordskepttheirGermanicpluralforms,suchasman/menandchild/children.AftertheNormanConquest,high-classpeoplespokeFrenchwhilecommonpeoplespokeEng

lish.However,bythelatterhalfofthe14thcentury,EnglishhadcomeintowidespreaduseamongallclassesinEngland.In1399,HenryⅣbecameKing

ofEngland.HismothertonguewasEnglish,andheusedEnglishforallofficialevents.○55aswell“也”，一般不用于否定句，通常放在句末，表示强调时可放在句中。○56

thewayofdoingsth.＝thewaytodosth.做某事的方法○57plural['plʊərəl]n.&adj.复数形式(的)，常缩略为pl.。○58insteadof代替，而不是○59after引导时

间状语从句。○60add...to...把……加到……上○61high-class[ˌhaI'klɑːs]adj.上层社会的○62while作并列连词，表示转折和对比，意思是“而，却”。○63comeintouse开始被使用○64classn．阶级，阶层○65motherto

nguen．母语，本国语古法语也为中古英语做出了其他贡献。在古英语中，单词变复数采用了日耳曼语中单词变复数的方法。例如，他们说housen而不是houses，说shoen而不是shoes。在诺曼人控制英格兰之后，他们开始使用法语的复数构成形式，在house和shoe后面加-s。只有很少的单词保

留了日耳曼语的复数形式，如man/men和child/children。诺曼征服之后，上层社会的人讲法语，而普通人则讲英语。但是到了14世纪后半叶，英语已经被英格兰所有社会阶层广泛使用。1399年，亨利四世成了英格兰国王。他的母语是英语，他在所

有正式场合都使用英语。ModernEnglishModernEnglishappearedduringtheRenaissanceB67inthe16thcentury.BecauseofB68this,ModernEnglishincludesB69manyLatin

B70andGreekB71words.PronunciationalsowentthroughB72hugechangesduringthisperiod.Ofcourse,thiswasnottheendofthechangesintheEnglishlanguage.Thequestiono

fwhetherEnglishwillkeeponchangingB73inthefutureiseasytoanswerB74.ItiscertainthatthisprocessB75willcontinueB76

,andpeoplewillkeepinventingnewwordsandnewwaysofsayingthings.○66appearvi.出现，显现，没有被动语态。○67theRenaissance[rI'ne

Isns]n.(欧洲)文艺复兴○68becauseof因为○69includevt.包括○70Latin['lætIn]n.&adj.拉丁语(的)○71Greek[ɡriːk]adj.希腊语的，希腊(人)的n.希腊语，希腊人○72

gothrough经历○73keepondoing继续做○74whether引导的宾语从句，作介词of的宾语。○75process['prəʊses]n.过程；进程in(the)processof在……的过程

中，在进行中○76it是形式主语，真正的主语是that从句。现代英语现代英语出现于16世纪的文艺复兴时期。由于这个原因，现代英语中含有许多拉丁语及希腊语单词。在此期间，(英语)发音也经历了巨大的变化。当然，这并不是英语语

言变化的终结。英语是否会在将来继续变化这个问题是容易回答的。可以肯定的是，这一进程将会继续，而且人们将会不断地发明新的单词和新的表达事物的方式。A卷[学生用书P97(单独成册)]Ⅰ阅读理解AEnglishlanguagelearners,als

oknownasELLs,arestudentswithlimitedEnglishabilities.Americanpublicschoolsystemsseektodevelopprogramstohelpsuchstud

entsimprovetheirEnglish.Thegoalistogivestudentsthelanguageskillstheyneedtofullytakepartineducationalactiviti

esandhelpthemsucceedintheclassroom.StudieshaveshownclearconnectionsbetweengreaterEnglish-languageabilitiesandimprovededucationalresults.Thes

tatewiththehighestnumberofELLstudentswasCalifornia.Twenty­onepercentofitspublicschoolstudentswereEnglishlanguagelearnersin2015.Thenexthig

heststateswereTexasandNevada.Nearly17percentofbothstates’studentswereELLs.Ineightstates,ELLsmadeup10percentormoreofthetotalpublicschoolstu

dents.Thirty­sixstatesandtheDistrictofColumbiasawariseinthenumberofELLstudentsfrom2010to2015.Thelargestincrease—3percent—wasreportedinMassachusetts.I

n14states,thepercentageofELLsfellin2015comparedto2010.Thelargestdrop,whichwas4percent,wasreportedinthewesternstateofNevada.About77percentofELLstu

dentssaidtheymainlyspokeSpanishathome.Twenty-onepercentofSpanish-speakingELLslivedinCalifornia.Arabicisthesecondmostcommonlanguage

spokenathomebyELLstudents.ChineseisthethirdmostcommonlyspokenlanguagebyAmericanELLstudents.About2percentofthetotal—orabo

ut101，000students—identified(认定)themselvesasChinesespeakersathome.About81，000ELLstudentsreportedspeaking

Vietnameseathome.Thatis1.7percentofallELLs.About14percentofELLslivedincities,theNationalCenterforEducationStatisticsreported.N

inepercentlivedinsuburban(郊区的)areas.Andaround6.5percentlivedinsmalltowns,while3.6percentwereinthecountryside

.Notsurprisingly,mostEnglishlanguagelearnerswereinlowergradelevels.In2015,67percentofstudentswereeitherinkindergartenorgrades1through5.Th

eother33percentwereinsixththrough12thgrades.【解题导语】本文是一篇说明文。美国的很多公立学校里有很多英语不好的学生，他们的英语能力影响到了他们的学习成绩。1．WhatcanweknowaboutELLs

inAmericaduring2010to2015?A．OverhalfofELLslivedinsuburbanareas.B．MassachusettshadthehighestnumberofELLs.C．T

hereweremoreandmoreELLsinmanystates.D．ThenumberofELLsinCaliforniaincreasedby21%.C解析：细节理解题。根据第三段的Thirty-sixstatesandth

eDistrictofColumbiasawariseinthenumberofELLstudentsfrom2010to2015.Thelargestincrease—3percent—wasreportedi

nMassachusetts.可知，在2010年至2015年间，有三十六个州英语语言学习者的数量都在上升。2．WhichofthefollowingisthemostwidelyspokenbyAmericanELLsat

home?A．Arabic.B．Spanish.C．Chinese.D．Vietnamese.B解析：细节理解题。根据第四段内容可知，美国英语语言学习者在家里说西班牙语最普遍。3．Whatdoesthetextmainlytalkabout?A．Languagess

pokenintheUS.B．ProgramstohelpELLsintheUS.C．EnglishlanguagelearnersintheUS.D．ThemostpopularlanguagesintheUS.C解析：主旨大意题。根据文章内容可知，

本文围绕美国那些英语能力不高的英语语言学习者展开，介绍了其数量、比例、分布地区以及能力水平方面的相关信息。BGabriella’sfamilyimmigratedtotheUSfromPeruwhenshew

astwoyearsold.Asacompoundbilingual(熟谙两种语言的人),Gabrielladevelopstwolinguisticcodesatthesametime,withasetofconcepts,learningbothEnglishandSp

anish.Herteenagebrother,ontheotherhand,mightbeacoordinatebilingual,workingwithtwosetsofconcepts,learningEnglishinsc

hool,spanishathome.Finally,Gabriella’sparentsarelikelytobesubordinatebilingualswholearnedasecondlang

uagebytranslatingitintotheirmothertongue.Regardlessofaccentandpronunciation,alltypesofbilingualpeoplecanbeco

mefullyproficientinalanguage.Itseemsthatthedifferencemaynotbeapparent.Butrecentlybrainimagingtechnologyhasgivenaglimpseintohowspe

cificaspectsoflanguagelearningaffectthebilingualbrain.It’swellknownthatthebrain’slefthemisphere(半球)isinchargeof

logicalprocesses,whiletherighthemisphereismoreactiveinemotionalandsocialones.Languageinvolvesbothtypesoffunc

tions.Criticalperiodhypothesissayschildrenlearnlanguagesmoreeasilybecausetheirdevelopingbrainsletthemusebothhemispheresinlanguagelearning,whilei

nmostadults,languagereliesononehemisphere,usuallytheleft.Beforethe1960s,bilingualismwasconsideredahandicapthatslowedthechil

dren’sdevelopmentbyforcingthemtospendtoomuchenergydistinguishingbetweenlanguages.Butarecentstudydidsho

wthatbilingualismmaymakeyousmarter.Itdoesmakeyourbrainmorecomplex,healthier,andmoreactivelyengaged,andevenifyoudidn’thavet

hegoodfortuneoflearningasecondlanguagelikeachild,it’snevertoolatetodoyourselfafavorandmakethelinguisticleapform“Hello”to“Hola”“Bonjour”o

r“nihao”becausewhenitcomestoourbrains,alittleexercisecangoalongway.【解题导语】本文是一篇说明文。研究发现，双语学习能使大脑更聪明、健康和活跃；学习外语永远不迟。4．WhyisGabriella’sf

amilyusedastheexampleinParagraph1?A．Toshowthatthefamilyarebilinguals.B．Toexplaintheadvantagesofbilinguals.C．Toillustratethethreetypesofbilingua

ls.D．Toproveallagescanlearnforeignlanguages.C解析：细节理解题。根据第一段的内容可知，Gabriella家中有三种不同的双语学习类型的人，即Gabriella同时学习英语和西班牙语；她的弟弟在学校学习英语，在家里学习西班牙语；她的父母

则通过将第二语言翻译为母语来学习第二语言。据此可知，第一段以Gabriella的家庭为例是为了说明三种不同双语学习类型的人，故C项正确。5．Whydothechildrenlearnlanguagesmoreeasilythanadults?A．Becausetheylearnl

anguageswithasetofconcepts.B．Becausetheyusebothhemispherestolearnlanguages.C．Becausetheirmothertonguedoes

n’tinfluencethemmuch.D．Becausetheycaneasilytranslateonelanguageintoanother.B解析：细节理解题。根据第二段尾句中的“childrenlea

rnlanguagesmoreeasilybecausetheirdevelopingbrainsletthemusebothhemispheresinlanguagelearning,whileinmostadults,languagereliesononehemisphere,

usuallytheleft”可知，儿童学习语言更容易是因为他们发育中的大脑让他们在语言学习中使用两个脑半球，而在大多数成年人中，学习语言依赖于一个脑半球，通常是左半球，故B项正确。6．Whichoft

hefollowingbestexplains“handicap”underlinedinParagraph3?A．Disease.B．Disability.C．Disadvantage.D．Illness.C解析：词义猜测题。根据第三段第一句

“Beforethe1960s,bilingualismwasconsideredahandicapthatslowedthechildren’sdevelopmentbyforcingthemtospendtoomuchenergydistingui

shingbetweenlanguages.”，尤其是该句中的“slowed”和“forcingthemtospendtoomuchenergydistinguishingbetweenlanguages”并结合语

境可推知，画线词与C项“不利因素，障碍”意思相近，故C项正确。7．Whatcanweinferfromthetext?A．Theleftbrainismoreimportantforlanguagelearning.B．Learning

languagescanpromotethebraindevelopment.C．Theproficiencyoflanguagebecomesweakgraduallywithage.D．Immigrantshaveadv

antagesinlearninglanguagesovernatives.B解析：推理判断题。根据第三段第二、三句中的“Butarecentstudydidshowthatbilingualismmaymakeyousmarter.Itdoesmakeyourbrain

morecomplex,healthier,andmoreactivelyengaged”可知，研究确实表明，双语可能会让你更聪明，它会让你的大脑更复杂、更健康、更活跃；据此可推知，语言学习促进大脑的发展，故B项正确。CIfyouhaveachancetotakeawal

kinapark,lookcarefullyatthepeoplewalkingtheirdogs.You’llprobablyfindfriendly­lookingpeoplewithfriendlydogs;quietpeoplewithquiet

dogs;largemenwithoversizeddogsandlong-hairedwomenwithlong-eareddogs.Asyou’veprobablynoticed,dogsandtheirownerslookalike

.Haveyoueverwonderedwhy?Thesesimilaritiesaresocommonthatresearchershavetriedtoexplainthem.Therearetwotheories(理论):theconvergencetheoryandthesel

ectiontheory.Theconvergencetheorysaysthatastheownerandthedogspendmoretimetogether,theyinfluenceeachothertothepointwheretheygrowsimil

ar.Inotherwords,they“converge”．Theselectiontheory,ontheotherhand,saysthatownersareinterestedindogsth

atlooklikethem,sotheychoosethosedogsaspets.Recently,researchersattheUniversityofCaliforniadecidedtotestthetwotheoriesbytakingpicturesof45dogsse

paratelyfromtheirowners.Thentheyaskedsomestudentstomatchthedogs’photoswiththeirowners.Thestudentswerequitesuccessfulwithpurebred(纯种的)dogs:t

heycorrectlymatched16outof25withtheirowners.However,theyhadalmostnosuccessconnectingmixed­breed(杂交的)dogswiththeirowners.Whenownersselectapure

breddog,theycaneasilypredict(预测)whatitwilllooklikelater.Butthatisnottruewithmixed-breeddogsbecauseit’shardtop

redictwhatamixed-breeddogwilllooklikewhenitgrowsup.Andsinceitwasthepurebredsnotthemixed-breedsthatlookedliketheirowners,theresearchseemsto

provethe“selectiontheory”．Butonebitofwarning.Althoughmanypeoplelookliketheirdogs,notalldogownersenjoyhavingthesim

ilaritypointedouttothem.So,evenifthesimilarityisamazing,don’tgouptoastrangerandsay，“Wow,youlookjustlikey

ourdog！”【解题导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章指出很多狗和它们的主人长相相似，并介绍了此现象背后的两个理论以及所做的研究。8．Theconvergencetheoryexplainsthatthesimi

laritybetweendogsandtheirowners________．A．decreaseswiththeageofthemB．decreaseswithincreasingdifferencesC．increaseswiththeperiodofowne

rshipD．increaseswithincreasingattractivenessC解析：推理判断题。由第二段中的“Theconvergencetheorysaysthatastheownerandthedogspendmoretimetogether,theyinflue

nceeachothertothepointwheretheygrowsimilar.”可知，趋于一致理论告诉我们：狗和主人在一起的时间越长，长相越相似。9．Accordingtotheselectiontheory,whydodogslo

okliketheirowners?A．Theyinfluenceeachother.B．Theyoftendothesamething.C．Dogsfollowwhattheirownersdo.D．Ownerspickdo

gsthatlooklikethem.D解析：细节理解题。由第二段中的“Theselectiontheory,ontheotherhand,saysthatownersareinterestedindogsthatlooklikethem,sotheychoosethosedog

saspets.”可知，根据选择理论，狗主人在选择宠物狗的时候，会挑选那些和他们长相相似的。10．What’sthepurposeoftheresearch?A．Totesttwosimilaritytheories.B．Toprovetheselectiontheory.C．Tohelpp

eoplechooseproperdogs.D．Toshowthedifferencesbetweendogs.A解析：细节理解题。由第三段中的“Recently,researchersattheUniversityofCaliforniadeci

dedtotestthetwotheoriesbytakingpicturesof45dogsseparatelyfromtheirowners.”可知，该研究是为了测试上述两个论证狗和主人长相相似的理论。11．Whatcanwel

earnfromtheresearch?A．Purebreddogshavepredictableappearance.B．Mostownerswanttheirdogstolooklikethem.C．Mixed­breedsandtheirownerssharesim

ilarities.D．Mostownerspreferpurebreddogstomixed­breeds.、A解析：细节理解题。由第三段中的“Whenownersselectapurebreddog,theycaneasilypr

edict(预测)whatitwilllooklikelater.Butthatisnottruewithmixed-breeddogsbecauseit’shardtopredictwhatamixed-breeddogwilllooklikewhenitgrowsup.”可知，纯种狗的外貌一般

可预测，而杂交狗的外貌则不可预测。Ⅱ七选五FourbenefitsofwritingbyhandTodayisNationalHandwritingDay!Althoughwedon’twritelikeweusedto,herearefourwayshand

writingisstillhelpful.It’sbetterforlearning.1．________That’sbecauseputtinginktopaperstimulates(刺激)thebrain.Onestudyfrom2010foundthattheb

rainareasrelatedtolearning“litup”muchmorewhenkidswereaskedtowritewordslike“spaceship”byhandversusjusts

tudyingthewordclosely.2．________Manyfamousauthorspreferwritingbyhandtotheuseofatypewriterorcomputer.Writer

SusanSontagoncesaidthatshepennedherfirstdrafts(草稿)beforetypingthemupforeditinglater.Shesaid,“3.________”A2009studyseemstosupportSo

ntag’spreferenceforwritingbyhand:Elementaryschoolstudentswhowroteessayswithapennotonlywrotemorethantheirkeyboard-tappingfriends,buttheyal

sowrotefasterandinmorecompletesentences.Itwillpreventyoufrombeingdistracted(分心)．Thecomputerinfrontofyouisreallyadistraction.4.________In2012

,scientistsevensuggestedthattakingfive­minutebreakstobrowseTumblrorBuzzFeedcouldmakeyouamoreproducti

veworker.However,whenit’stimetoworkonthatessay,haveonlyapenandpaperinfrontofyou.Itkeepsyourbrainsharpasyougetolder

.5．________AccordingtoTheWallStreetJournal,somephysicianssaythattheactofwritingisgoodexerciseforthosewhowanttokeeptheirminds

sharpastheyage.A．Itmakesyouabetterwriter.B．Writingisgoodforyourbrain.C．Ofcourse,theInternetisn’tallbad.D．Ilikethesl

ownessofwritingbyhand.E．Trywritingbyhandatleast20minuteseachday.F．Manywritershaveapreferenceforwritingbyhand.G．On

eofthemosteffectivewaystostudyistorewriteyournotesbyhand.【解题导语】本文介绍了用手写作的四个好处。1．G解析：根据下一句That’sbecauseputtinginktopaperstim

ulates(刺激)thebrain.(那是因为把墨水放在纸上刺激大脑)可知，上句要表达的意思是：学习最有效的方法之一是用手去改写你的笔记。故选G项。2．A解析：此空是小标题。根据其他标题的开头都用It的

特点，再根据下文Manyfamousauthorspreferwritingbyhandtotheuseofatypewriterorcomputer.许多著名作家更喜欢用手工书写而不是打字机或电脑。可知A项(它使你成为一个更好的作家)符合题意。3．D解析：

根据下句：一项2009年的研究似乎支持Sontag的偏爱手写。可知上句的意思是：我喜欢用手写字的缓慢。故选D项。4．C解析：根据上句Thecomputerinfrontofyouisreallyadistraction.在你面前的电脑真的是一种分心物。可知，C项(当然，网络并不都

是坏的)符合题意。5．B解析：根据一些内科医生所说的“写作行为对那些想保持头脑清晰的人来说是一种很好的锻炼”可知，B项(写作对你的大脑是有好处的)符合题意。B卷[学生用书P99(单独成册)]Ⅰ阅读理解“Thisisn’tDisneyland,I’mnotanovelty.Thisisasr

ealasitgets，”singTheSistersofInvention.Theyoungwomen—Annika,Michelle,Jackie,AimeeandCaroline—areapopgroupwitha

difference.Allhavelearningdifficultiesandsomehaveextradisabilities.ThefivearebasedinAdelaide,Australia,andmetin2010whentheys

angtogetherinachoir(合唱队)runbyTutti,anorganizationwhichsupportsdisabledartists.Tuttisawtheyhadtalenta

ndinvitedthemtoformagroup.Nowtheyperformtogethertwoorthreetimespermonth,andthisishowtheymakealiving.Mi

chelleis25andhascerebralpalsy(脑瘫)andamildlearningdisability.Shesays，“WechoosethenameTheSistersofInventionbecausew

earelikesistersandwesupporteachotheronandoffstage.Fortheinventionpart,wearetryingtochangepeople’sviewofpeoplewithd

isabilities.Wearereinventingtherules.”Alltheirsongsarebasedonthemembers’ownexperiencesandwerewrittenasagroupintheirtw

iceweeklymeetingsatTutti.“WewouldarriveinthemorningandI’dsay,‘Whatdoyouwanttotalkabouttoday？’”saystheirmanagerandproducerMichaelRoss.Hethe

nnoteddowneverythingtheysaiduntillyricstookshape.Rosssaysthatputting“theirtruth”outthereisimportant.Hesays，“WhatI’minterestedin

isthatwegettoseetheworldinawaythatpeopleinpopculturealmostnevergettosee.Itiscreativegold.”Whentheyperformtheirsongs

,thephysicalsideoftheirdisabilitiesismoreobvious,butRosssays，“They’renotuptheretoshowtheirbarriersordifficulties.They’reuptheretoshowthe

irstrengths.”【解题导语】本文是一篇记叙文。五个有学习障碍的女孩组成了一支乐队，她们通过演出向人们展现自己的力量。1．WhatdoweknowaboutTheSistersofInvention?A

．Allitsmembersaredisabled.B．Itwasfoundedallbyfivegirls.C．Ithasexistedforlessthantenyears.D．Theyperformnotinordertomakemoney.A解析：细节理解题。

由第二段中的“Allhavelearningdifficultiesandsomehaveextradisabilities.”可知，五个女孩都有学习障碍，有的还有别的残疾。2．Thegirlschoosethena

meTheSistersofInventionbecause________．A．theyallhavegreattalentB．theyhelpeachotherlikesistersC．theyhavethesameexperiencesD．theyaregoodatinventingth

ingsB解析：细节理解题。由第四段中的“...becausewearelikesistersandwesupporteachotheronandoffstage”可知，之所以给乐队起这个名字是因为五个成员亲如姐妹，互相支持。3．HowdoesMichaelRossproducelyricsfo

rTheSistersofInvention?A．Bytalkingwiththegirls.B．Byaskingthegirlsquestions.C．Bylearningaboutpopculture.D．Byusinghispersonalexperiences.A解析：推理判断题。

由第五段可知，制作人通过跟五个姐妹聊天，很自然地写出歌词。4．HowdoaudiencesprobablyfeelwatchingtheperformancesofTheSistersofInvention?A．Theywillfeelbored.B

．Theywillbeinspired.C．Theywillfeeldisappointed.D．Theywillhavepityonthem.B解析：推理判断题。分析最后一段可知，尽管五个姐妹在演出时残疾暴露得更明显，但她们意在向人们展现自己的力量。Ⅱ完形填空Myname

isJohnSweeney.I’mthefounderandChiefKindnessOfficerofaworldwidesocial__1__calledSuspendedCoffees.I’mastorytellerandteacherof__2__．Forme,kindness

hasnotonly__3__mylife,butalsosavedit.Threeyearsago,Iwasalone,feeling__4__andthinkingmylifewasworthlesswhenIreadabou

tSuspendedCoffees.Upuntilthatpointinmylife,I’dbeenbullied(欺凌)everywhereIwentandmadetofeel__5__.YetsincethedayIwasborn,allI’

veeverwantedtodowasmakepeoplehappy，__6__peopleandbekindtoothers—it’salwaysbeenmy__7__inlife.Sincethebeginningofthisactivit

y,I’vehadadreamof__8__theworldthroughkindness.Yes,ourworkisaboutbuyingcoffeeforothers,butthereal__9__oftheactivityisbringingtheworldtog

ether__10__kindness.Kindnesshaschangedmylifeandthelivesofmanyothers.Oneniceladyemailedmeyesterday,sayingsheha

s__11__triedtodiethreetimesinthelastsevenmonths,butbecauseofthemessagewe’re__12__，sheisabletosmilenow.She’s__13__tobekindtoherdoctors,w

hichhasresultedinthem__14__hermorekindly.Iknowthathasapositive__15__onherdoctorstoo,becausewhentheyleaveher,theyseem__16__．Ibelievethe

world__17__morekindness,butwealsoneedtobekindtoourselves.It’sthemostimportantpartofourlivesbecauseourlivesactually__18__it.WheneverIamasked__

19__Imeasure(估量)theeffectofallthekindnessI’veshowntotheworld,myanswerisalwayssimple—youcan’tmeasureth

eimpactofanactofkindnessbecauseitisfar__20__thanwecanimagine.【解题导语】这是一篇夹叙夹议的文章。作者通过描述自己在SuspendedCoffees活动中的经历，以及受此影响而

变得积极善良的故事来阐述一个道理：人生需要保持善良，多做善事，别人也会善待我们。1．A.jobB．classC．relationD．activityD解析：根据后文的内容可知，SuspendedCoffees是一次“社会活动”，故应选择activity。

2．A.blindnessB．kindnessC．happinessD．illnessB解析：综合全文的内容可知，作者不仅在讲故事，也在教导我们多做善事，故选B项。3．A.ruinedB．builtC．changedD．controlledC解析：根据本段内容可知，善行“改变”了作者，也拯救

了作者。4．A.terrifiedB．sadC．tiredD．strangeB解析：根据后文mylifewasworthless可知，作者感觉“难过”。5．A.homelessB．carelessC．harmlessD．uselessD解析：根据上文

的worthless以及作者被欺凌的语境可知，作者感觉自己是“无用的”。6．A.attractB．helpC．meetD．trustB解析：根据上文的makepeoplehappy以及下文的bekindtoothers可知，作者一直想“帮助

”别人。7．A.luckB．troubleC．resultD．purposeD解析：作者自打出生起就帮助别人，善待别人，这也是他生活的“目的”。8．A.connectingB．findingC．touringD．leadingA解析：根据后文的bringingtheworldtogether可

知，作者想用善良将世界“连接”起来。9．A.heartB．ruleC．excuseD．sourceA解析：作者发起这一活动的“核心”就是把世界连接起来，故选A项。10．A.inB．onC．atD．withD解析：这里表示“用”善行

将世界连接起来，故选with。11．A.nearlyB．usuallyC．alreadyD．hardlyC解析：根据后文的threetimesinthelastsevenmonths可知，这位女士在过去的七个月中“已经”尝试过三次自杀。12．A.providingB．spr

eadingC．receivingD．makingB解析：我们所“传播”的信念让这位女士放弃了自杀的念头。13．A.promisedB．learnedC．challengedD．failedB解析：这位女士后来善待医生，说明她之前并没有意识到做善举的

好处，现在“学会”了善待别人。14．A.greetingB．educatingC．persuadingD．treatingD解析：这位女士善待医生，反过来医生更加“善待”她。15．A.impressionB．pressureC．influenc

eD．opinionC解析：病人善待医生，医生会更加善待病人，这对医生而言也会有积极的“影响”。16．A.saferB．busierC．sleepierD．happierD解析：医生因为感受到了病人的善良，所以离开的时候看起来更“快乐”。17．A

.showsB．givesC．needsD．meansC解析：根据后文的wealsoneedtobekindtoourselves可知，世界“需要”更多的善举，但我们也需要善待我们自己。18．A.actonB．dependonC．agreeonD．concentrateonB解析：善良是我们生命中

最重要的一个部分，因为我们的生命“依靠”善良。19．A.whatB．whenC．howD．whyC解析：根据后文的内容可知，作者被问及“如何”估量善行的影响。20．A.greaterB．higherC．quickerD．easierA解析：“我们”无法衡量善行的影响，是因为它的

影响“大”得远远超出了我们的想象。Ⅲ语法填空Hello，I’mHelen.I’mintroducingyoutooneofthemostfamous1.____________(theatre)intheworld，2.____________youcanhearandseewo

nderfulperformancesofoperaandballet.It’stheRoyalOperaHouse.TheRoyalOperaHousewasbuiltin1858.Andit3.____________(be)actuallythethirdtheatreth

atwehavehadonthislandatCoventGarden.Thefirsttheatrewasbuiltin1732，anditburntdownin1808.Thesecondonewasbuiltin1809anditburntdown

in1856.Butit’snotjustthe4.____________(build)thatmakesit5.____________(impress)；it’salsotheperformancesonstagethatmakeitanamaz

ingplace6.____________(visit)．TheRoyalOperaHouseishome7.____________twocompanies，theRoyalBalletandtheRoyalOp

era.Theyarebothfull-timehere，andtheygivealmost300performancesofoperaandballeteveryyear.TheRoyalBalletandtheRoyalOperahave

dancersandsingersfromallover8.____________world.Inrecentyears，we’vehadtwofamoussingersfromChina—ZhangLipingandDaiYuqiang.Therearesom

echeaptickets9.____________(offer)there，butthenumberofthemislimited，soIthinkthebestthingtodoistobuy10.____________(they)inadvance.【

解题导语】本文是一篇说明文。本文介绍了与英国皇家歌剧院相关的一些信息。1．theatres解析：由该空前面的oneofthemostfamous可知，此处填theatre的复数形式theatres.2．where解析：分析句子结构可知，填关系副词where引导非限制性定语从

句，where在该定语从句中作地点状语。3．is解析：根据该空后面的thatwehavehadonthislandatCoventGarden可知，这里用一般现在时。4．building解析：由该空前的the可知填

build的名词形式building，意为：建筑物。5．impressive解析：此处指“让人印象深刻的，给人深刻印象的”，故填impress的形容词形式impressive。6．tovisit解析：此处填动词不定式作后置定语，修饰名词place。7．to解析：behometo为固定短语，在此

意为：是……的所在地。8．the解析：fromallovertheworld为固定短语，在此意为：来自世界各地的。9．offered解析：该空前面的cheaptickets是动词offer所表示动作逻辑上的宾语，故填offer的过去分词形式作后置定语。10．them解析：动词buy后面

跟宾语，故填they的宾格形式them，指代前面提到的cheaptickets。获得更多资源请扫码加入享学资源网微信公众号www.xiangxue100.com