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SectionⅣGrammar&Writing名词性从句(一)名词性从句在句子中起名词的作用。在句中作主语、宾语、表语和同位语，分别称作：主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。学习名词性从句主要应注意其引导词的用法与区别以及名词性从句与其他从句的区别等。名词性从句的引导词

：分类词形词义作从句的成分连词thatwhether(或if)是否连接代词who(ever)(无论)谁[主格]主、表whom(ever)(无论)谁[宾格]宾whose谁的[所有格]定which(ever)(无论)哪一个(些)主、宾、表、定what(ever)(无论)什么，……东西

主、宾、表、定连接副词when什么时间状where什么地方状how怎样，如何状why为什么状名词性从句的引导词一般都不可省略。但在宾语从句中的that有时可以省略。一、主语从句1．主语从句的引导词主语从句通常由连词that和whether,连接

代词或连接副词引导。Thatthefootballmatchwillbeputoffiscertainnow.足球赛将会推迟一事现在已经确定。Whetherhewillcomeornotisstillaquestion.他是否会来仍然是个问题。Wha

thesaidatthemeetingwasveryinspiring.他在会上说的话非常鼓舞人心。2．主语从句可以直接放在句首，有时为了平衡句子结构或表示强调，常用it作形式主语，而将从句放在句末Itis

reportedthatthenovelhasbeentranslatedintovariousforeignlanguages.据报道这部小说已经被翻译成了多种外语。如果带主语从句的句子是疑问式，则须用it作形式主语。Isittruethathei

sthegirl’sfather?他是那女孩的父亲是真的吗？对接高考①Itisoftenthecase____________anythingispossibleforthosewhohangontohope.通常对于那些心存希望的人来说一切

皆有可能。that解析：考查主语从句。此句中It为形式主语，that从句为真正的主语。②Exactly____________thepotatowasintroducedintoEuropeisuncertain,butitwasprobablyaround1565.确切地说，马铃

薯什么时候被引进到欧洲还拿不准，但是可能是在1565年左右。when解析：考查名词性从句。分析句子结构可知，此处缺少主语从句的引导词。根据but并列分句中的关键信息around1565可知，此处表示“时间”，故要用when引导主语从句。二、宾语从句1．宾语从句的引导

词宾语从句通常由连词that和whether(if),连接代词或连接副词引导。Ibelieve(that)wecansolvetheeconomicproblem.我相信我们能解决这个经济问题。Noneof

usknowswherethesenewpartscanbebought.我们没有人知道这些新的零件能在哪里买到。CanyoutellmehowIcangettotheneareststation?你能告诉我去最近的车站怎么走吗？2．it作

形式宾语时将that宾语从句置于动词think，find,feel,consider,make,believe,hate,take,owe,have等后面Weallfinditimportantthatwe(should)makeaquick

decisionaboutthismatter.我们都认为对这件事马上做出决定很重要。3．宾语从句的时态(1)如果主句谓语是现在时，从句的时态可根据实际情况而定。Iknowhelivedinacitythreeyearsago.我知道他三年前住在某个城

市里。(2)如果主句谓语是过去时，从句要用表示过去的某一时态。HesaidthathehadseenthemovieWolfWarriorsⅡ.他说他已经看过电影《战狼2》。(3)如果宾语从句表示的是客观事实或真理时，不管主句是什么时态，宾语从句一律用一

般现在时。Theteachertoldusthattheearthmovesaroundthesun.老师告诉我们地球围绕太阳转。4．否定转移当动词believe,expect,guess,imagine,suppose,think等后接一

个表示否定意义的宾语从句时，通常否定主句。Idon’tsupposethatitistrue.我认为那不是真的。5．if和whether在宾语从句中的区别(1)在动词(短语)know,ask,care,wonder,findout等和介词

后一般用whether不用if。Wehaven’tsettledthequestionofwhetheritisnecessaryforhimtostudyabroad.我们还没有解决出国留学对他来说是否有必要的问题。(2)动词leave,put,discuss,doubt后的

宾语从句常用whether不用if。Wediscussedwhetherweshouldgoonclimbing.我们讨论了是否应该继续攀登。(3)whether后可以直接加ornot,但是if不可以。Idon’

tcarewhetherornotshewillattendthemeeting.她是否来参加会议，我不介意。(4)在不定式前只能用whether,不用if。Shedoesn’tknowwhether

togoonfootorwaitforabus.她不知道是步行去还是等公共汽车。对接高考③MyclassmatesandIaretalkingabout____________tododuringtheholiday.我和我的同学们正在讨论假期该干什么。what解析：此处应用“w

hat＋不定式”作动词短语talkabout的宾语，同时what还要作动词do的逻辑宾语。三、表语从句1．表语从句的引导词引导表语从句的词有连词that,whether,连接代词和连接副词，以及asif,asthough,because等。Thegirlisnotwhatshe

wastenyearsago.这个女孩已经不是10年前的她了。Itlooksasifitisgoingtorain.看起来天要下雨了。2．主语是reason时，表语从句常用that引导，而不用becauseT

hereasonforhisabsenceisthathewasill.他缺席的原因是他生病了。3．如果主句的主语是idea,advice,suggestion,order,request,requirement等名词

时，表语从句的谓语应用虚拟语气，即“(should＋)动词原形”的形式Mysuggestionisthatonethousandtreesbeplantedalongtheriverbank.我的建议就是沿着河岸栽上1000棵树。Hisideaistha

twespendtheweekendinthenearbyholidaycamp.他的想法是我们去附近的度假营过周末。对接高考④Themostpleasantthingoftherainyseasonis____________onecanbeentirelyfreef

romdust.雨季最让人感到快乐的是，人们可以完全摆脱灰尘。that解析：分析句子结构可知，本空需要连接词引导表语从句，连接词在从句中不作任何成分，也无任何意义，只起连接作用，故用that引导。四、同位语从句1．同位语从句的引导词引导同位语从句的词通常有连词that,w

hether,连接代词和连接副词等。Thenewsthattheyhadwonthegamesoonspreadoverthewholeschool.他们比赛获胜的消息很快传遍了整个学校。Thesuggestionthatameetingshouldbeheldwasagre

edbymostofall.应该开个会的建议得到了我们大多数人的同意。2．that引导同位语从句与定语从句的区别that作为关系代词，可以引导定语从句，在从句中充当句子成分，在从句中作宾语时可以省略；that引导同位语从句时，起连词的作

用，没有实际意义，在从句中不充当句子成分，不能省略。Ireceivedthemessagethathewouldcomebyplane.我收到了他将乘飞机来的消息。(同位语从句)Ireceivedthemessage(that)yousentme.我收到了你发

给我的消息。(定语从句)that引导名词性从句应注意的问题：(1)that引导名词性从句，that在从句中不作成分，本身无词义，只起连接作用。(2)that引导的名词性从句，只有在宾语从句中可省略that,在其他

从句中that一般不省略；但若动词后有多个that引导的宾语从句时，第一个that可省略，其余的不能省略；that引导的从句如果作介词宾语，一般只用在except,in等少数介词后。exceptthat...除了……，inthat...因为……Welearned(t

hat)morepeoplehadfluandthatmostofthemwereyoungpeople.(第二个that不能省略)我们了解到更多的人患上了流感，他们大多是年轻人。Thefacttha

thedidn’tsayanythingatthemeetingsurprisedus.(that不能省略)他在会上什么也没说使得我们很惊讶。Iknownothingaboutmynewneighborexceptthatheusedtowo

rkinacompany.(that不能省略)对于我的新邻居我只知道他曾在一家公司上班，其他一无所知。对接高考⑤Themanagerputforwardasuggestion____________weshouldhav

eanassistant.Thereistoomuchworktodo.经理提出了一条建议，我们应该有个助手。有太多的工作要做。that解析：suggestion后是同位语从句，从句的结构和意义均完整，故用that引导。Ⅰ单句语法填空1．Yo

ursupportisimportanttoourwork.____________youcandohelps.答案：Whatever2．Myuncleistheownerofarestaurantcloseto_______

_____Ilive.答案：where3．Awarmthoughtsuddenlycametome____________Imightusethepocketmoneytobuysomeflowersformymother’sbirthday.答案：that4．Whynottryyour

luckdowntown,Bob?That’s____________thebestjobsare.答案：where5．____________parentssayanddohasalife-longeffectontheirchildren.答案：What6．Itisobvioustothe

students____________theyshouldgetwellpreparedfortheirfuture.答案：thatⅡ语法与写作1．很奇怪，她昨天没有来。Itisstrange__________________________．答案：thatshedidnotcom

eyesterday2．不论谁来参加这个俱乐部都欢迎。________________________iswelcome.答案：Whoevercomestotheclub3．我的想法是你该好好利用你的时间。Myideais__________________________________．

答案：thatyoushouldmakegooduseofyourtime4．我难过的原因是他不理解我。ThereasonwhyIwassadwas____________________________________．答案：thathedidn’tunde

rstandme5．那男孩对他在那里看到的任何事物都感兴趣。Theboywasinterestedin______________________．答案：whateverhesawthere6．我怀疑他是否会成功。Idoubt______

________________．答案：whetherhewillsucceed7．毫无疑问他错了。Thereisnodoubt________________．答案：thatheiswrong8．我不知道她何时回来。Ihavenoidea__________________．答案：w

henshewillbeback如何写看图作文文体感知1．看图作文的命题特点看图作文就是依据图画所表现的情景，按照规定和要求进行写作。一般的看图作文就是看图说话：要求考生按照所给图画，通过合理的联想将一组画面的内容正确地表达出来。看图作文的命题

形式可以多样化，即根据图画，要求学生写一篇日记、一封书信、一则通知、一篇记叙文或一篇说明文等；要求学生把一幅或几幅内容连续的图画有条理、有层次地再现出来。此类作文旨在考查学生的观察能力、分析能力、想象能力、创新能力以及遣

词造句、组句成篇的书面表达能力。2．看图作文的准备过程(1)正确理解提示和要求。一般情况下，看图作文在提供图画的同时也附带有简要的文字提示，我们可以利用文字提示去正确地理解图意，得到要点。切忌孤立地看图而忽视文字提示。(2)确定体裁格式。根据图片内容确定好题材与体裁，弄清是

写人还是写景，是说明还是叙事，是书信还是日记或其他应用文体。(3)确立人称。清晰把握作文的人称线条，切不可上下矛盾，混淆不清。(4)确定时态和语态。弄清所要叙述的内容事实是已然、未然还是正在进行，从而确立主体时态。(5)看懂图意，切中题意。正确理解图画的基本事实，并根据每幅画之间的联系，弄清要表

达的主题和梗概。(6)展开想象。仔细观察细节(图画中的人物、事件、地点、环境、时间、动作等),依据图画细节对画面的内容加以想象、扩充或补充。3．看图作文的基本步骤(1)列出要点。明确写作的具体内容，仔细寻找全部要点，做到要点无遗漏。(2)依据内容要点，选择确立可供自己使用的熟悉词汇、短语和句型

。做到“不求难，不求异，只求准”。(3)将要点译成基本句子。尽量用熟悉、简单的结构表达，避免因用大量的长句和复合句而造成的语法错误。忌用汉语思维造句子。(4)按一定的时间、空间及逻辑顺序或情节发展对基本句子进行有序的排列组合。(5)适当增加细节，运用适当的连接过

渡词将句子连接成文。(6)细心检查错漏：检查人称和主谓是否一致；检查时态和语态是否正确；检查语句和措辞是否恰当；检查拼写和标点是否无误；检查内容要点是否齐全。常用句式1．开头句Lookatthispicture./Thepictureshowsthat.../Fromthispic

ture,wecansee.../Asisshowninthepicture.../Asisseeninthepicture...2．衔接句Asweallknow,.../Asisknowntoall,.../Itiswellknow

nthat.../Inmyopinion,.../AsfarasIamconcerned,.../Thissceneremindsmeofsomethinginmydailylife.3．结尾句Inconclusion.../Inbrief.../Onthe

whole.../Inshort.../Inaword.../Generallyspeaking.../Ashasbeenstated...写作要求请根据下面四幅图画内容，写一篇短文，记述昨天发生在你叔叔身上的事。注意：1.词数1

00左右。2．参考词汇：吊销驾照revokeadrivinglicense审题谋篇项目结论体裁记叙文话题酒驾时态一般过去时为主人称第三人称词句推敲1．词汇①被邀请去……________________②喝醉___________

_____③劝说某人不要做……________________④坚持做……________________⑤撞到……上________________⑥罚款________________答案：①beinvitedto

...②getdrunk③persuadesb.nottodo...④insistondoing...⑤runinto⑥fine2．句式①他很高兴所以喝了很多酒。一般表达：Hewasveryglad,sohedranka

lotofbeers.高级表达：(用so...that...改写上面的句子)_____________________________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________②他不听他们的话并且说没问题。一般表达：Hedidn’tlistentothemandsaid“Noproblem”．高级表达：(用现在分词作伴随状语改写上面的句子)__

________________________________________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________③他在路上弯弯曲曲开着车，就在这时，车撞到了一棵树上。一般表达：Hewoundhiswayontheroad；justatthattime,hiscarranintoatallt

ree.高级表达：(用bedoing...when...改写上面的句子)__________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________④他被警察罚了款，驾照也被吊销了。一般表达：Hewasfinedbythepoliceandhisdrivi

nglicensewasrevoked.高级表达：(用with的复合结构改写上面的句子)______________________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________答案：①Hewassogladthathedrankalotofbeers.②Hedidn’tlistentothem,saying“Noproblem”．③H

ewaswindinghiswayontheroadwhenhiscarranintoatalltree.④Hewasfinedbythepolice,withhisdrivinglicenserevoked.妙笔成篇_________

_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

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___________________________________________________________________________________________________Onepossibleversion

:Myunclewillneverforgetwhathappenedtohimyesterday.Yesterdayeveningmyunclewasinvitedtodinnerbyhisfriends.Hewassogladthathedrankalotofbeers.Asaresulth

egotdrunk.Afterthemeal,hisfriendstriedtopersuadehimnottodrivehome,buthedidn’tlistentothem,saying“Noproblem”andin

sistedondoingso.Hegotintothecaranddroveaway.Afewminuteslater,hewaswindinghiswayontheroadwhenhiscarranintoata

lltree.Hewasbadlyinjuredbutstillalive.Thepolicecametothescene,andhewastakentohospital.Unfortunately,hehadtostayinhospit

alforseveraldays.Worsestillhewasfinedbythepolice,withhisdrivinglicenserevoked.Howheregrettedwhathehaddone!A卷[学生用书P89(单独成册)]Ⅰ单句语法填空1．

Couldyoutellme____________wearegoingforapicnicthisSunday?答案：whether/if2．Theproblemis____________wecanmakegoodpreparat

ionsinsuchashorttime.答案：whether3．Idon’tknow____________ornotthereportistrue.答案：whether4．Thenews____________hetold

meisthatTomwouldgoabroadnextyear.答案：that/which5．Webelievethatthereisnodoubt____________themeetingwillbeagreatsuccess.答案：that6．Energyi

s____________makesthingswork.答案：what7．Whetherthesportsmeetingwillbeheldnextweekdependson____________theweatherw

illbefine.答案：whether8．Thequestionis____________cancompletethedifficulttask.答案：who9．____________theSmithswillcometoourschoolnextweekisa

factthatweallknow.答案：That10．Ithasbeenfound____________plasticscanwidelybeusedinindustries.答案：thatⅡ阅读理解Duringthe15thcentury,spices(香料)fromIndiawe

reverypopularinEurope,however,theonlywaytotravelfromEuropetoIndiawasoverland.Thiswasalongandexpensivetrip

.TheKingofPortugalrealizedifhecouldfindawaytogettoIndiabysailingontheocean,hewouldbecomerichbytradingspicesinEurope.Anexplorerbythenam

eofBartolomeuDiashaddiscoveredtheCapeofGoodHopeatthetipofAfrica.ItwasthoughtthattheremaybeawayaroundtheCapeandtothenorth

easttowardsIndia.However,manywereskepticalandthoughtthattheIndianOceandidnotconnectwiththeAtlanticOcean.VascodaGama,whowasbornin1460s

toawealthyPortuguesefamilyinSines,wasgivenafleetofshipsbythekingandtoldtodiscoverasearoutearoundAfricatoIndia.Hewas

alsotoldtolookforothertradingpossibilitiesalongtheway.VascodaGamaleftonhisfirstvoyagefromLisbon,Portugal,withfourshipsand170menonJuly8,1497.Gamaand

hismenroundedthesoutherntipofAfricaattheCapeofGoodHopeonNovember22.TheythenheadednorthupthecoastofAfrica.T

heystoppedattradingportsalongthewayincludingMombasaandMalindi.AtMalindi(about120kmnortheastofMombasa),theypickedupalocalpilotwhokn

ewthedirectiontoIndia.WiththehelpofamonsoonwindtheywereabletocrosstheIndianOceanandarriveinCalicut,India,inlessthanamonth(o

nMay20，1498).AtCalicut,Vascoranintoserioustroublewhentryingtotrade.Hehadbroughtlittleofvalueinhisships.Thismadethelocaltradersdoubtfulofhimandvery

soonhehadtoleave.Thevoyagebackwasdisastrous.Aroundhalfofhismendiedfromscurvy(坏血病)asthetripbacktookmuchlongerbecauseofthewindsnotblo

winginhisfavor.However,whenhereturnedhome,hewasstillahero.HehadfoundthemuchneededtraderoutetoIndia.【解题导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章介绍了葡萄牙探险家达·伽马第一次航行到印度的原因

及过程。1．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“skeptical”inParagraph1mean?A．Worried.B．Doubtful.C．Hopeful.D．Supportive.B解析：词义猜测题。由第一段中的theremaybeaway...tow

ardsIndia和画线词后的theIndianOceandidnotconnectwiththeAtlanticOcean可知，因为许多人认为印度洋与大西洋不相连，所以他们对绕过好望角有到达印度的路线这一想法持怀疑态度。2．WhatwasthemainpurposeofVascodaG

ama’sfirstvoyagetoIndia?A．TotakecontrolofIndia.B．Tocontrolthespicetrade.C．TofindatraderoutetoIndia.D．TobringbackspicesfromIndia.C解析：细节理解题。第

一段解释了葡萄牙国王派遣达·伽马出行的原因findawaytogettoIndia...tradingspicesinEurope，再由第二段中的toldtodiscoverasearoutearoundA

fricatoIndia可知，达·伽马第一次航行到印度的目的是寻找一条贸易路线。3．WhichistheCORRECTrouteofGama’sfirstvoyagetoIndia?A．Sines→theCapeofGood

Hope→Mombasa→Malindi→Calicut.B．Sines→theCapeofGoodHope→Malindi→Mombasa→Calicut.C．Lisbon→theCapeofGoodHope→Malindi→Mombasa→Calicut.D．Lisbon→th

eCapeofGoodHope→Mombasa→Malindi→Calicut.D解析：细节理解题。由第三段描述达·伽马第一次从欧洲航海到印度的路线leftonhisfirstvoyagefromLisbon...rounded...att

heCapeofGoodHope...AtMalindi(about120kmnortheastofMombasa)．..crosstheIndianOceanandarriveinCalicut可知答案。4．WhathappenedtoGamaandhismenwhentheystayed

atCalicut?A．Theirtradingwaswell­received.B．Halfofthemgotaseriousillness.C．Theymissedthebesttimetogobackhome.D．Theywereconsidere

dunwelcomebythelocaltraders.D解析：推理判断题。由第三段中的Hehadbroughtlittleofvalue...doubtfulofhim可知，到达Calicut之后，由于船上有价值的东西太少，因此达·伽马和他的船员们在那里不受当地商人

的欢迎。Ⅲ完形填空EveryyearIwritealettertomydaughteronherbirthday.Ifillitwith__1__thingsthathappenedtoheronunpleasantdaysorhappydays.Iaddtothele

tterphotosandreportcardsthatwouldhave__2__astheyearpassed.Ihaveasmall__3__inwhichIkeepthethingsthatIwanttosendmydaughter.Everyweek,I__4__shortnotes

ofwhatIcanthinkoffromtheweek’sevents.Whenherbirthdayapproaches,I__5__thatboxandfinditfullofbeautifulcardsand__6__memories.__7__theletter

iswrittenandallthetreasuresareputintotheenvelope,Iseal(密封)it.Itthenbecomesthatyear’s__8__letter.Ontheenvelop

eIalwayswrite:AlettertoAnnfromDaddy—tobeopenedwhenyou’retwenty-oneyearsold.Itisagiftof__9__fromDadtoherdaughter.Itisalasting__10__ofherl

ifewrittenasshewasactuallylivingit.Thattraditionof__11__herbirthdaylettersisnowoneofmyduties.AsAnngrows__12__，Icanseethatitisagrowingand__13__parto

fherlife,too.Oneday,weweretalkingaboutlifeinthe__14__．Itwentlikethis:IjokinglytoldAnnthatonher61stbirthday,shewillbe__15__withhergr

andchildrenandhavingfunwiththem;onher31stbirthday,shewillbetakingherownkidstoschool;onher21stbirthday,shewillbe__16__univer

sityandwillbeofferedagoodjobsoon.“No，”shesaid,“Iwillbetoobusy__17__．”Oneofmygreatest__18__istobealiveandpresentto__1

9__thatwonderfultimeinthefuturewhenthoselettersare__20__andtheaccumulated(积累)lovewalksintoherlife.1．A.strangeB．unforget

tableC．terribleD．naturalB解析：A.strange奇怪的；B．unforgettable难忘的；C．terrible可怕的；D．natural自然的。根据下文的：thathappenedtoheronunpleasantdaysorhapp

ydays可知我在信中写一些在不愉快的或愉快的日子发生的难忘的事情，所以选B。2．A.arrivedB．increasedC．disappearedD．remainedC解析：A.arrived到达；B．in

creased增加；C．disappeared消失；D．remained仍然，留下。根据astheyearpassed可知我也在信中加上一些随着时间流逝会消失的照片和报告单。所以选C。3．A.bagB．boxC．basketD．pocketB解析：A.bag包；B

．box盒子；C．basket篮子；D．pocket口袋。根据下文：Whenherbirthdayapproaches,I______thatboxandfindit...可知作者有一个盒子，里面装的是想送给女儿的东西，所以选B。4．A.makeB．sendC．leaveD．ge

tA解析：A.make制作；B．send派，送；C．leave留下；D．get得到。每个星期我都会记录一些我能想到的一星期的事情。词组“makenotesof记下”，所以选A。5．A.lookforB．b

reakdownC．fillinD．takeoutD解析：A.lookfor寻找；B．breakdown崩溃；C．fillin填写；D．takeout拿出。根据下文：finditfullofbeautifulcardsand______memories

可知当生日临近的时候，我就会将盒子拿出来，所以选D。6．A.sweetB．shortC．magicalD．painfulA解析：A.sweet甜美的；B．short短的；C．magical神奇的；D．painful痛苦的。根据

上文的：Everyweek,I______shortnotesofwhatIcanthinkoffromtheweek’sevents.可知我打开盒子发现它装满了美丽的卡片和甜蜜的记忆。所以选A。7．A.WhileB．OnceC．BeforeD．UnlessB解析：A.Whil

e然而；B．Once一旦；C．Before在……前面；D．Unless除非。一旦这个信写好了，所有的宝贝被放进了信封，我就将它们密封。所以选B。8．A.businessB．thank­youC．ChristmasD．birthdayD解析：A.business生意；B．thank-you谢谢；C

．Christmas圣诞节；D．birthday生日。根据下文的句子：whenyou’retwenty-oneyearsold可知是生日信，所以选D。9．A.courageB．hopeC．loveD．artC解析：A.courage勇气；B．hope希望；C．love爱；D．

art艺术。根据下文的Itisalasting______ofherlifewrittenasshewasactuallylivingit.可知这些信是爸爸对女儿的爱的表示，所以选C。10．A.peaceB．friendshipC．recor

dD．impressionC解析：A.peace和平；B．friendship友谊；C．record记录；D．impression印象。这是她生活的永久的记录。所以选C。11．A.writingB．postingC．receivingD．answeringA解析：A.writ

ing写；B．posting邮寄；C．receiving接受；D．answering回答。根据上文：OntheenvelopeIalwayswrite:AlettertoAnnfromDaddy可知写生日信的传统现在是我的责任之一，所以选A。

12．A.olderB．strongerC．clevererD．wilderA解析：A.older年长的；B．stronger更强大的；C．cleverer更聪明的；D．wilder更野蛮的。根据下文的句子：Icanseethati

tisagrowingand______partofherlife,too.可知是随着年龄的增长……所以选A。13．A.earlyB．specialC．separateD．difficultB解析：A.early早的；B．special特殊

的；C．separate分离的；D．difficult困难的。我可以看到这是她人生成长的特殊的部分，所以选B。14．A.schoolB．familyC．pastD．futureD解析：A.school学校；B．fami

ly家庭；C．past过去；D．future未来。根据下文：Itwentlikethis:IjokinglytoldAnnthatonher61stbirthday可知他们讨论未来的事情，所以选D。15．A.arguingB．meetingC．playingD．s

leepingC解析：A.arguing争论；B．meeting遇到；C．playing玩；D．sleeping睡觉。根据下文：havingfunwiththem可知她可能和孙子玩耍，所以选C。16．A.studyingatB．goingtoC．teachingatD．gr

aduatingfromD解析：A.studyingat研究；B．goingto去；C．teachingat教；D．graduatingfrom毕业于。根据下文：andwillbeofferedagoodjobsoon可知21岁是要大学毕业了，所以选D。17．A

.readingB．workingC．cookingD．learningA解析：A.reading阅读；B．working工作；C．cooking烹饪；D．learning学习。根据上文作者的女儿习惯读信，所以这里表示她会忙于阅读，所以选A。18．

A.worriesB．abilitiesC．successesD．wishesD解析：A.worries担心；B．abilities能力；C．successes成功；D．wishes愿望。我最大的愿望是未来能活着享受这些美好的时刻。所以选D。19．A.makeB．enjoyC．rememb

erD．tellB解析：A.make制作；B．enjoy享受；C．remember记得；D．tell告诉。根据下文的whenthoselettersare______andtheaccumulated(积累)lovewalksintoherlife可知是享受这些美好

的时刻。所以选B。20．A.hiddenB．shownC．openedD．burntC解析：A.hidden躲藏；B．shown展示；C．opened打开；D．burnt燃烧。这些信被打开，累积的爱走近她的生活。所以

选C。B卷[学生用书P91(单独成册)]Ⅰ阅读理解AIwouldn’tbesurprisedatallifyoulovedoingsports.Sportsareaveryimportantpartofhuma

nlife.However,someareconsideredtobemoredangerous,suchasextremesports.Becauseofthedangerthosesportscanleadto,manypeop

lebelievetheyshouldbebanned(禁止).Istronglybelievethatextremesportsarenotadangerandshouldnotbebanned.Therearemanyrea

sonsforlettingthemstayapartofourlife.Firstly,extremesportscanincreaseconfidence.Secondly,extremespor

tschallengepeopleanddeveloptheirskills.Andlastbutnotleast,extremesportscanaddtoaperson’sexperience,determinationandcourage.Somepeopl

esaythatextremesportsaremuchtoorisky,andthereisalwaysadangerofseriousinjuryorevendeath.Butifyouwanttoremoverisks,youwillhavetoavoidmany

otherhumanactivitieslikedrivingandtravelingbyplane.Evencrossingaroadisdangerous!Manypopularsportsinfactcanmakeplayersinjurede

asily.Football,basketball,gymnastics,figureskatingandothersportscanleadtobadresults.Doyouknowthatfootballisoneofthemo

stdangeroussports？Aprofessionalfootballplayergetsupto200injuriesofdifferentkindseveryyear!Andtheincidentswhereaplayerdiesduringthematc

harenotveryrare.Sportsdonotjusthavepositivephysicaleffects,buttheyalsohavementalandsocialbenefitsforthosewhotakepartin

them.Ithinkthattakingawayelementsofrisk,danger,andchallengewouldleaveallsportsmeaningless.Oursocietywillbehealthierifmorepeopletakeparti

nalltypesofsports.Banningdangeroussportsonlylimitsthefreedomofchoosingfromawiderangeofsportsthatpeopleshouldfeelfreetotakepartin.Ofcourse,ifyouwantt

otakepartinanextremesport,youshouldalwaysbewellprepared.Afterall,safetycomesfirst.【解题导语】本文是一篇议论文。极限运动有一定的风险性，很多人倡议禁

止极限运动，但作者不赞成这样做。1．Whydoestheauthormentionsuchactivitiesasdrivingandtravelingbyplane?A．Totellustoavoidsuchactivities.B．Tosh

owextremesportsarereallyrisky.C．Toshowrisksarecommoninourdailylife.D．Totelluspeople’sattitudestowardex

tremesports.C解析：推理判断题。根据第二段中的Butifyouwanttoremoverisks,youwillhavetoavoidmanyotherhumanactivitieslikedrivingandtravelingbyplane.Even

crossingaroadisdangerous！可知，作者是想表明风险在我们的日常生活里很普遍。2．Whichofthefollowingstatementswouldtheauthoragreewith?A．Footballishighlydangerous.B．Popularsportsh

ardlymakepeopleinjured.C．Mostpeopleseldomrealizethedangerofextremesports.D．Professionalfootballplayersknowmoreaboutwaysofavoid

inginjury.A解析：推理判断题。根据第三段中的Doyouknowthatfootballisoneofthemostdangeroussports?Aprofessionalfootballplayergetsupto200injuriesofdifferen

tkindseveryyear!Andtheincidentswhereaplayerdiesduringthematcharenotveryrare.可推测，作者认为足球运动也很危险。3．What’stheauthor’sattitudetowardex

tremesports?A．Doubtful.B．Worried.C．Negative.D．Positive.D解析：观点态度题。根据文章内容可知，作者认为极限运动不应该被禁止，因此他对极限运动持肯定的态度。4．Whatwouldbethebesttitleforthetext?A．Shoul

dExtremeSportsBeBannedorNot?B．ShouldChildrenPlayDangerousSports?C．HowDoWeBenefitfromRiskySports?D．WhyDoPeopleLoveFo

otball?A解析：标题归纳题。根据文章内容可知，本文主要是围绕极限运动是否应该被禁止展开的。BOnanygivenday,youcanfindmost10-year-oldboysthrowingaballaroundoutside,ridingtheirbikes,orplayingvide

ogames.ButBradenBakerisdifferent.Bradenisahearingimpaired(受损的)5th-graderandhastowearhearingaids(助听器).Unluckily,Braden’sdo

gChewyfoundhishearingaidsontheflooranddestroyedthem—notonce,buttwice—andtheyhadtobereplaced.Butat$3，500to$6，000apair,Brade

n’scarelessnesswascostly.Braden’smotherAshleysatBradendownandhadalongtalkabouttakingbettercareofhishearingaids,expla

iningjusthowmuchtheycost.“Itoldhimthathewasluckywecouldbuyanotherpairandthatsomepeoplecouldn’taffordanewpair，”Ashleysaid.Thosewordsclearlystu

ckinBraden’smind,whorealizedthatnoteverychildwhoneededhearingaidscouldaffordthem.Sorecently,the10­year­oldtookituponhimselft

ostartaGoFundMepagetoraisemoneyforthosewhoaren’tsolucky.Bradenmadeavideotoexplainwhyhewantedtoraisemo

ney.Ashleysaid,“Weweren’treallysurehowitwouldturnout.Hebeganwithagoalof$1,000.Wewokeupthenextmorningandfoun

dthatithadraised$400.”Thisencouragedhimtostartmakingevenmorevideos.Fast­forwardafewmonthsandBraden’sGoF

undMepagehasraisedover$15，000,whichBradendonatedtotheOticonHearingFoundation.Andthatmoneywillbeusedtohelpotherfamiliesbuyheari

ngaidsfortheirchildren.TheprojecthasnotonlytaughtBradenthevalueofmoney,butaccordingtohismom，“he’slearnedthatifyouputas

mallideaintoaction,amazingthingscanhappen.”AsforBraden’sadvicetothoselookingforwaystogivebacktoothers？“Don’tgiveup！Anysmallideacangetreal

lybig.”【解题导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了10岁的听障男孩发起筹资网页，帮助贫困听障儿童购买助听器的故事。5．WhydidBradenchangehishearingaids?A．Hewantedabetterpairofhea

ringaids.B．Theoldpairsweredestroyedbyhisdog.C．Hishearingproblembecamemoreserious.D．Helosttheoldpairsbecause

ofhiscarelessness.B解析：细节理解题。由第二段的第二句可知，Braden的狗找到并弄坏了他的助听器。6．WhathasledtoBradenstartingaGoFundMepage?A．Hismother’swordsabouttheusefulnessofhearin

gaids.B．Hismother’sencouragementforhimtodogoodthings.C．Hiswishtohelppoorchildrenwithhearingproblems.D．Hisneedtobuyanewpairofhearin

gaids.C解析：细节理解题。由第四段中的Braden’smind，whorealizedthat...raisemoneyforthosewhoaren’tsolucky可知，Braden了解到有些听障儿童买不起助听器，因此他想

筹资帮助这些孩子。7．HowdidBradenandhismotherfeelwhenthepagewasstarted?A．Uncertain.B．Satisfied.C．Hopeful.D．Unexpected.A解析

：细节理解题。由第五段中的Weweren’treallysurehowitwouldturnout.可知，一开始发起筹资网页时，Braden和妈妈都不确定结果会怎样。8．WhathasBradenlea

rnedfromworkingontheproject?A．Oneshouldalwaysusemoneysmartly.B．Asmallideacanmakeabigdifference.C．Videoingisagoodwaytoreachpeople.D．It’sim

portanttodreambigandholdontoit.B解析：细节理解题。由倒数第二段中的he’slearnedthatifyou...thingscanhappen可知，Braden通过筹资学到一件事：将小小的想法付诸行

动，会有很棒的结果出现。CYou’llbelikelytobecomeangryifyoudon’tgetagoodnight’ssleep,anewpaperreports.Cuttingafewhoursofsleepoutofyourschedul

eisn’tasgoodanideaasitmayappear.ResearchersattheIowaStateUniversityreportthatmissingsleepwillmakeyouangrier,leavingyouill­equippedtodealwi

thuneasysituations.Thisisoneofthefirststudiestoprovideevidencethatsleeplosscausesanger.Thelinkbetweenlack(短缺)ofsleepandnegativemood

s(angerincluded)hasbeenprovedinpastresearch,buttheproblemisthatweknowthatthetwocometogether,butnotthatwhetheronecausestheother.Inthecu

rrentstudy,Krizanandco­authorGarrettHisler,anISUdoctoralstudent,dealwiththisquestion.Underthestudy,volunteersweredividedint

otwogroups.Thecontrolgroupfollowedtheirnormalsleeproutine,whiletheexperimentalgroupcuttwotofourhours

ofsleepeachnightfortwonights.Onaverage,thecontrolgroupgotalmostsevenhoursofsleepanight,whiletheexperimentalgroupgotaboutfo

urandahalfhourseachnight.Inordertomeasureanger,theyhadvolunteersvisitthelabbeforeandafterthesleepmanipulation(操纵).Allthewhile,theywereask

edtolistentosomeunpleasantbrownandwhitenoise.Krizansaysthepurposewastocreateuncomfortableconditions.“Ingeneral,angerwasmuchhigherfortho

sewhosesleepwasrestricted(限制)，”Krizansaid.“Wemanipulatedhowunpleasantthenoisewasduringthetask.Asexpected,volunteersreportedmoreangerwhenthenoisewas

moreunpleasant.Whensleepwasrestricted,peoplereportedevenmoreanger,regardlessofthenoise.”Sleeplossisknowntoincreasenegativemoods,suchasanxie

tyandsadness,anddecreasepositivemoods,suchashappinessandexcitement.However,theteamsaystheyfoundthatsleeplossuniquelyaffectedanger.【解题导语】本

文是一篇说明文。大家都知道睡眠不足和坏情绪之间有联系，但是之前的研究都没有表明到底是睡眠不足引起了愤怒，还是愤怒引起了睡眠不足。最新的一项研究给出了答案。9．Whatdidthestudymentionedfindout?A．Some

disadvantagesofsleepingless.B．Somesignsofhavingpoor­qualitysleep.C．Thelinkbetweenlackofsleepandnegativemoods.D．Thecause­effectrelationshipbetween

sleeplossandanger.D解析：细节理解题。根据第一段中的Thisisoneofthefirststudiestoprovideevidencethatsleeplosscausesanger.以及第二段内容可知，文中提到的这项研

究是发现了睡眠不足和怒气之间的因果关系。10．What’sthepurposeofaskingthevolunteerstolistentounpleasantnoise?A．Tomakethemangry.B．Tomakethemawake

.C．Totaketheirattentionaway.D．Toaffecttheirthinkingability.A解析：推理判断题。根据第四段中的Inordertomeasureanger和Kr

izansaysthepurposewastocreateuncomfortableconditions.以及后面的实验结果可推测，这个实验中的噪音主要是想提供一个令人不舒服的环境，激起志愿者们的怒气。11．FromwhatKri

zansaid,weknow________．A．thereasonsforthestudyB．thefindingsofthestudyC．theprocessofthestudyD．themethodusedinthestudyB解析：推理判断题。从倒数第二段Kri

zan说的话中，我们可以知道关于这项研究的一些发现。Ⅱ书面表达根据图画写一篇短文，叙述某天小明与其妈妈发生的故事。①妈妈阻止儿子去扶摔倒的女孩；②儿子对于倒了的油瓶置之不理。要求：1.不仅要表述出图中的内容，还要

发表自己的感想；2．词数：100左右；3．开头已给出，不计入总词数。Oneday,XiaoMingsawalittlegirlfallover.Hewantedtohelpthegirlup,buthismotherstoppedhimandsaid,____________________

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_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________Oneposs

ibleversion:One_day,_Xiao_Ming_saw_a_little_girl_fall_over.He_wanted_to_help_the_girl_up,_but_his_mother_stopped_him_and_said,_“Don’tdothat;o

therwiseotherswillthinkitwasyouwhoknockedherdown.”Afewdayslater,themotherwasshockedtoseeXiaoMingjustletthefalleno

ilbottlebe.AndXiaoMingsaidtohismother,“IfIdidsomethingaboutthebottle,youwouldthinkthatitwasIwhoknockeditover.”Idisagreewithwhatthemotherdidinthes

tory.Ithinkparentsshouldnotonlycarefortheirchildren’shealth,buttheirminds.Theyshouldlettheirchildrenknowitisapl

easuretohelpotherswhoareintrouble.Weliveinthesocietywhichisabigfamilyforallofus.Everyoneshoulddosomethinggoodtobuildupoursociety,right?获得更多资

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