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SectionⅣGrammar&Writing名词性从句(二)&it作形式主语名词性从句(二)一、基础点拨由what,which,who/whom,whose等连接代词和when,where,why,how等连接副
词引导的名词性从句在句子中可以充当主语、宾语、表语或同位语。1．主语从句Whythesuninthemorninglooksbiggerthanthesunatnoonisveryinteresting.为什么早晨的太阳看上去比中午的太阳
大，这事很有趣。Whenthenewroadisopentotraffichasnotbeenmadeclear.这条新公路什么时候开通还不清楚。主语从句作主语的主谓一致原则：(1)主语从句作主语，谓语动词常用单数，但是若what引导的主语从句表示复数概念，则用复数。Wh
atweneedistime.我们需要的是时间。Whatweneedareusefulbooks.我们所需要的是有用的书籍。(2)由and连接的两个或两个以上的主语从句作主语，谓语动词用复数；由两个或两个以上连接词引导的一个主语从句作主语，谓语动词用
单数。Whentheywillstartandwheretheywillgohavenotbeendecidedyet.他们何时动身以及要去哪里还没有定下来。Whenandwherethemeetingwillbeginhasnotbeendecided.会议何时何地举行还没有被定下来。2．宾语
从句Historylinguistsstudyhowlanguagesevolveovertime.历史语言学家研究语言是如何随着时间的推移而发展的。Iwonderwhysherefusedmyinvitation.我想知道她为什么拒绝了我的邀请。可运用形式宾语it的宾语从句：(1)动词fin
d,feel,think等后有宾语补足语时。WethinkitimportantthatMaryshouldtellthetruth.我们认为玛丽说出实情是重要的。(2)有些动词带宾语从句时。Ilikei
twhenshesingsasongforme.我喜欢她为我唱歌。3．表语从句Thisiswhereourproblemlies.这就是我们的问题所在。ThedifficultyishowIcanhelpsmokerskicktheirhabit.困难是我
如何帮助吸烟者戒烟。4．同位语从句Wehaven’tyetsettledthequestionwherewearegoingtospendoursummervacation.到哪儿去度暑假这个问题我们还没有解决。对接高考①Themostimp
ortantresultfortheuseris________theproductdoeswhatisintended.对用户来说最重要的是产品达到了预期的效果。that解析：本句中该词和系动词is构成系表结构，that引导表语从句。②—IsittruethatMikerefusedanoffe
rfromYaleUniversityyesterday?—Yeah，butIhavenoidea________hedidit；that’soneofhisfavoriteuniversities.——迈克昨天拒绝了耶鲁大学的录取，是真的吗？——是的，但我不知道他为什么这样做；那是他最喜欢的大
学之一。why解析：考查同位语从句的引导词。idea后接同位语从句，表示某个想法的具体内容。根据that’soneofhisfavoriteuniversities(那是他最喜欢的大学之一)可知，“我”不知道
他拒绝耶鲁大学的原因(why)所在。二、难点突破1．连接代词和连接副词的选择连接词在从句中的功能例句连接代词主语、宾语、表语、定语WhatIsawwasbeyondanyverbaldescription.(作宾语)我看到的难以
用语言描述。连接副词状语Whythecompanyhiredhimisstillunknown.(作状语)为什么公司雇用他尚不清楚。2.名词性从句两组引导词的用法区别(1)what和that的用法区别引导词能引导的从句在从句中的功能意义what主语从句，表语从句，宾语从句，同位语从句主语、表
语、宾语保留疑问(“什么”)的意义，相当于allthat或thething(s)thatthat主语从句，表语从句，宾语从句，同位语从句仅起引导作用，不在从句中作任何成分无任何实际意义Thathehaslosthisjobisnottru
e.他丢了工作不是真的。Ibelievewhat(whatever)hesays.我相信他说的(不管他说什么我都相信)。(2)that,why,because的用法区别连接词特征例句that主语是reason时，强调原因Thereasonwhyhewaslatewasthathemissedt
heearlybus.他迟到的原因是他没赶上早班车。why强调结果Thatiswhyyougoaway.那就是你要离开的原因。because强调原因ThatwasbecauseIgotuptoolate.那是因为
我起得太晚了。对接高考③Ababywillcometoaccepttheidea____________otherpeoplecanhavedifferentviewsanddesiresfromwhatheorsheha
s.一个婴儿会逐渐接受别人有和他/她不同的观点和渴望的想法。that解析：考查同位语从句的引导词。idea后接同位语从句，表示某个想法的具体内容。④Expertsbelieve____________peoplecanw
astelessfoodbyshoppingonlywhenitisnecessary.专家们认为必要的时候才购物可以减少食物的浪费。that解析：考查名词性从句的引导词。动词believe之后为宾语
从句，从句陈述一个事实，不缺少成分，故使用that表陈述。it作形式主语一、基础点拨1．it作形式主语的基本用法当不定式、动名词、从句等用作主语时，为避免句子头重脚轻，通常在句首使用形式主语it,而把真正的主语放在句子
末尾。2．it作形式主语常见的句型(1)代替不定式短语It’snoteasytofinishtheworkintwodays.两天之内完成这项工作不容易。(2)代替动词-ing形式短语Itisnousec
ryingoverthespiltmilk.覆水难收。(3)代替主语从句主要句型有：①It＋be＋形容词＋that从句Itisprobablethathetoldhereverything.很可能他把一切都告诉她了。②It
＋be＋名词词组(nowonder,anhonor,agoodthing,apity,nosurprise,etc.)＋that从句It’snosurprisethatourteamshouldhavewonthegame.我们没赢这场比赛真意外。③It＋be＋过去分词＋that从句Itissa
idthatMr.GreenhasarrivedinBeijing.据说格林先生已经到了北京。④It＋seems/happens等不及物动词及短语＋that从句ItseemsthatAliceisnotcomingtotheparty.爱丽丝似乎不来参加晚会。⑤It＋does
n’tmatter(makesnodifference,etc.)＋连接代词或连接副词引导的主语从句Itdoesn’tmatterwhethershewillcomeornot.她来或不来无关紧要。二、难点突破1．it作形式主语的主语从句的虚拟语气(1)
在句型“It＋is/was＋adj.＋主语从句”中，如果形容词是important,strange,natural,necessary等，从句谓语部分要用“should＋动词原形”形式，should可以省略。Itwasnecessarythatwe(should)makeeverythingre
adyaheadoftime.我们有必要提前把一切都准备好。(2)在“Itis/was＋过去分词＋that...”结构中，如果动词是require,demand,request等，从句谓语部分要用“should＋动词原形”形式，s
hould可以省略。Itisrequiredthatnobody(should)smokehere.要求所有人都不能在这里吸烟。2．注意区分it作形式主语的主语从句与强调句强调句句型是“Itis/was＋被强调部分＋that”，去掉该句型中的Itis/w
as,that,句子仍然成立。Itisnaturalthattheyshouldhavedifferentviews.(主语从句)他们有不同的观点是很自然的。Itisonlylatelythathehadafamilyhimself.(强调句)只是在最近他才有了自己的家庭
。对接高考⑤Butlikesomanyotherthings,itisonlytoomuchstress____________doesyouharm.就像其他别的事情一样，只有压力达到一定程度时才会对你造成伤害。that解析：本句是一个强调句型，itis..
.that...用来对主语onlytoomuchstress进行强调。Ⅰ单句语法填空1．Isthishotel____________yousaidweweretostayinyourletter?答案：where2．
Afterwhatseemedanendlesswait,____________washisturntoenterthedirector’soffice.答案：it3．____________leadsalifefullofloveisricheventhoughhed
oesn’thavemuchmoney.答案：Whoever4．Tonyeventuallyrealizedhischildhooddream____________hecouldplayononeofthetopteams.答案：that5．____________struckmem
ostinthemoviewasthefather’sdeeploveforhisson.答案：What6．Itrulybelieve____________beautycomesfromwithin.答案：that7．___
_________iswiseofhimtomakesuchadecisioninfaceofthatsituation.答案：It8．____________isapitythatsuchathin
gshouldhappeninyourclass.答案：ItⅡ句型转换1．Thatheisafamoussingerisknowntous.(变成it作形式主语的句型)→_______________________
_________________________________________________答案：Itisknowntousthatheisafamoussinger.2．Whenwillhegoabroadto
study?Itisfixed.(合并成名词性从句)→________________________________________________________________________答案：When
hewillgoabroadtostudyisfixed.3．Weshoulddevelopeducationinthecountryside.Itisverynecessary.(合并成名词性从句)→_________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
_答案：Itisverynecessarythatweshoulddevelopeducationinthecountryside.4．Whyisthecinemaclosed?Iwonder.(合并成
名词性从句)→________________________________________________________________________答案：Iwonderwhythecinemaisclosed.5．Myquestionisthis：wherewillth
electurebegiven?(变成名词性从句)→________________________________________________________________________答案：Myquestioniswherethelec
turewillbegiven.6．Whenwillwestart?Itisnotclear.(变成名词性从句)→________________________________________________________
________________答案：Itisnotclearwhenwewillstart.Ⅲ语法与写作1．她干了什么尚不清楚。____________isnotyetknown.答案：Whatshedid2．这事怎样发生的，谁也不清楚。__________________________i
snotcleartoanyone.答案：Howthishappened/cameabout3．你所在的任何地方都是我的家——我唯一的家。________________ismyhome—myonlyhome.答案：Whereveryouare4．问题是他是如何做此事的。Theque
stionis________________．答案：howhedidit5．你没去看这部电影，真是可惜。Itisapity____________________________．答案：thatyoudidn’tgotoseethemovie[学生用书P50]如何写调查报告文体
感知1．题型说明调查报告是针对某一现象、某一事件或某一问题进行深入细致的调查的写作题，要求同学们根据调查结果，针对某种现象进行分析并谈谈自己的看法，写一份调查报告。2．策略指导与解题技巧(1)应该站在读者的角度去思
考。(2)要写明调查的原因、调查过程、调查结果以及你得出的结论。(3)通常用一般现在时态。若出现具体的时间状语，如lastyear,nextyear,recently等，则根据具体情况使用适当的时态。(4)常见的
写作方法：①按调查的先后顺序逐点写；②按事物发展的阶段来写；③按调查对象的特点分门别类来写；④将两种事物进行对比，以显示其是非、优劣，找出其差异来写。叙述数据时要避免过多重复使用百分比，可以用约数、倍数等来表达。应选用有针对性的数据来说明
问题，切忌面面俱到、一一罗列全部数据。应该对图表信息加以分析、归纳，选取有代表性的，如最大值，最小值，以及同类信息加以表述，做到主次分明、准确生动。3．文章结构一般说来，文章开头应先交代调查的时间、对象、问题和主题或目的。其次，客观
介绍调查的信息。根据不同的调查内容，选择不同的方法。一般是描述表格中数据所反映的情况，数据间的主要差异或趋势，有的还要求谈谈数据所反映出来的问题，并分析原因。在进行客观介绍这一部分时，尽量避免过多使用同一种句式。其次，要
学会从题目中提取信息。最后，写出自己的观点或提出解决该问题的方案。常用句式1．点明主题的常用词句(交代调查时间、对象、主题等)：我们对……人进行了关于……的调查。Wemade/did/carriedoutasurveyon...among...peo
ple.2．图表反映的问题或总体趋势的常用词句：从以上表格中我们可以明显地看出……Fromthegraph/table/diagram/chartabove,wecanseeobviouslythat...3．图表内容描述的常用词句：表赞成的动词短语：agreewith,approveof,
beinfavorof,befor...表不赞成的动词短语：disagreewith,disapproveof,beopposedto,beagainst...4．呈现数据的常用词句：表示数字：可直接表达，如30%,75%表示倍数：倍数＋(形容词/副词)比较级＋than；倍数＋as＋(形容词/
副词)原级＋as表示约数：most(of),few(of),only,asmany/muchas表示比较：as...as,twicetheamountof,morethan,lessthan,thesameas,sim
ilarto,differentfrom...表示上升：rise,ontherise,goup,climb,rocket,increase,double表示下降：godown,fall,drop,decline,decrease/reduce,onthedecrease...表
示排序：sb./sth.rankthefirstplace,sb./sth.isinthesecondplace表示对比、转折：onthecontrary,incontrastto,comparedto/with,while,but,however5．分析原因的常用词句：……
的原因是……Thereasonfor...isthat...；Thereasonwhy...isthat...6．归纳总结或发表评论的常用词句：归纳总结：inaword,inshort,toconclude,inconc
lusion,generallyspeaking,personally,inmyopinion,asfarasI’mconcerned,frommypointofview...我们可以得出这样的结论：Wecandra
wtheconclusionthat...Wecanlearn/know...Fromthechangesinthecharts,wecanpredictthat...写作要求假如你们是寄宿制学校，大部分学生住校，也有一部分学生选择走读。你校开展了一次问卷
调查，主题为“我们是否应该住校？”下表是本次调查的结果，请你就此结果写一篇调查报告，并适当阐述自己的观点。70%的同学赞成住校30%的同学反对住校有利于培养我们良好的学习和生活习惯学校餐厅无法满足多样需求节约了时间学生住校不利于了解外界信息可与老师及同学充分交流，有利于共同进步和家人交流少注意
：1.词数100左右；2．文章的开头已为你写好，不计入总词数。Recently,asurveyhasbeenmadeinourschoolonwhetherwestudentsshouldliveoncampusinaboardingschool.Theopinionsaredivide
d.___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________审题谋篇项目结论体裁调查报告话题是否应该住校时态一般现在时为主人称第三人称为主词句推敲1．词汇①支持________________②在上学的路上_
_______________③有助于________________④与别人交流少________________⑤做……有必要________________答案：①infavorof②onthewaytoschool③contributeto④communicat
elesswithothers⑤it’snecessarytodo...2．句式①百分之七十支持这个观点。住校有助于形成好的学习和生活习惯。一般表达：70%ofusareinfavorofit.Livingoncampuscanhelpdeve
lopagoodhabitofstudyingandliving.高级表达：(用as引导的原因状语从句改写句子)________________________________________________________________________②再者
，他们可以向老师咨询，和同学讨论，这有助于他们的进步。一般表达：What’smore,theycanconsultteachersanddiscusswithclassmatesanditwillco
ntributetotheirimprovement.高级表达：(用which引导的定语从句改写句子)_____________________________________________________
___________________③没有父母陪伴，他们之间交流更少。一般表达：Ifparentsaccompanythemless,theycommunicatelesswiththem.高级表达：(用without作状语改写句子)_____
___________________________________________________________________答案：①70%ofusareinfavorofitaslivingoncampuscanhelpdevelopago
odhabitofstudyingandliving.②What’smore,theycanconsultteachersanddiscusswithclassmates,whichwillcontributetotheirimprovement.③Withoutparentsac
companying,theycommunicatelesswiththem.妙笔成篇______________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________Onepossibleversion:Recently,_a_s
urvey_has_been_made_in_our_school_on_whether_we_students_should_live_on_campus_in_a_boarding_school.The_opinions_are_divided.70%o
fusareinfavorofitaslivingoncampuscanhelpdevelopagoodhabitofstudyingandliving.Besides,theycanspendlesstimeonthewaytoschoolandhome.What’sm
ore,theycanconsultteachersanddiscusswithclassmates,whichwillcontributetotheirimprovement.However,30%ofthemare
againstitforthereasonsbelow：First,theschoolcanteencan’tmeetthevariousneedsofstudents.Second,iftheyliveoncampus,t
heywillhavelittlechancetogetintouchwithsociety.Last,withoutparentsaccompanying,theycommunicatelesswiththem.Personall
y,Ithinkit’snecessarytoliveoncampusbecausewecanlive,studyandplaytogetherhappily.A卷[学生用书P109(单独成册)]Ⅰ单句语法填空1
．____________youhavedonemightdoharmtootherpeople.答案：What2．____________leavestheroomlastoughttoturnoffthelights.答案：Who3．Thesephotographswillshowyo
u____________ourvillagelookslike.答案：what4．Canyoumakesure____________Alicehasputthegoldring?答案：where5．ItworriedTracyabit____________herhairwasturning
grey.答案：that6．____________youdon’tlikethesingerisnoneofmybusiness.答案：That7．____________isafactthatEnglishisacceptedasaninternationallanguage.答案：I
t8．____________we’llgocampingtomorrowdependsontheweather.答案：Whether9．Itisgenerallyconsideredunwisetogiveachild____________heorshewants.答案：w
hat10．____________isknowntousallisthatthe2008OlympicGamestookplaceinBeijing.答案：WhatⅡ阅读理解Thecarcanbeakiller.IntheUS,36,675p
eoplediedintrafficaccidentsin2014.Theyearbefore,2.3millionpeoplewereinjuredintrafficaccidents.Andduringthe
pasttenyears,electronicmonitoring(监控)programshavebeenwidelyusedinordertoreducethenumberofaccidents.Itismainlyaimedat
driverswhorunredlights.InastudyIco-authoredwithPaulJ.Fisher,weexaminedallpolicerecordedtrafficaccidentsinthreelargeTexascitiesovera12yea
rperiod—hundredsofthousandsofaccidents.Wefoundtheydidn’treducethetotalnumberofcaraccidentsaswellasthetotalnumberofpeopleinju
redinaccidents.Inaredlightcameraprogram,acameraisplacedinalocationwhereitcantakephotosorvideosofcarsastheypassthroughtheintersections(十字路口).Cityemplo
yeesthenexaminethephotos.Ifacarisintheintersectionwhenthelightisred,thedriverwillbefined(罚款).Evidenceclearlyshowsthatcameraprogr
amsreallyhelpreducethenumberofcarsrunningredlights.InonestudyinVirginia,redlightcamerasreducedthenumb
eroftotaldriversrunningredlightsby67percent.However,camerascanhavenegativeeffectsontrafficsafety.Somedriverswhointendtocontinuetocrosstheintersecti
onwhenthelightisyelloworredwillnowtrytostop.Thatmeansthatthenumberofaccidentscausedbycarsnotstoppingataredlightwilllikel
ydecrease.Butthenumberofaccidentsfromstoppingataredlightislikelytoascend.Inordertoavoidbeingfined,somedriverswilltrytostop,ca
usingahigherriskofotheraccidents.Theincreasednumberoftrafficaccidentsatintersectionsincitiesisaseriousproblem.Butourstudyshowsthatthe
cameraprograminTexaswashelplessinimprovingtrafficsafety.Therefore,electronicmonitoringisnottherealsolution
.【解题导语】本文是一篇议论文。作者主要是通过自己的研究说明在十字路口装摄像头并不能有效阻止交通事故的发生，因此需要更好的方式来改善交通安全。1．Theauthordidthestudymostprobablytoknowwhether________．A．redlightca
merasreallyworkedasexpectedB．trafficaccidentsmainlyhappenedatintersectionsC．redlightcamerashelpeddrivers
obeythetrafficrulesD．trafficaccidentsweremainlycausedbyrunningredlightsA解析：推理判断题。根据第二段的Wefoundtheydidn’treducet
hetotalnumberofcaraccidentsaswellasthetotalnumberofpeopleinjuredinaccidents.可知，这个是调查的结果，其中they指的是摄像头，因此可推测作者做这个调
查是为了知道装更多的摄像头是否真的像所预期的(对于减少交通事故)那样管用。2．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“ascend”inParagraph4mean?A．Fall.B．Rise.C．Change.D．Differ.B解析：词义猜测题。根据转折词But可知，此句与前一句构
成转折关系，再根据本段第一句However,camerascanhavenegativeeffectsontrafficsafety.可推测，该词意为“上升”。3．Whatcanweinferfromtheauthor’sstudy?A．Redlightsmayhaveneg
ativeeffectsontrafficsafety.B．Betterwaysshouldbefoundtoimprovetrafficsafety.C．Moreredlightcamerasshouldbeusedatintersections.D．Traffic
accidentsatintersectionsaredifficulttoavoid.B解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段的ButourstudyshowsthatthecameraprograminTexasw
ashelplessinimprovingtrafficsafety.Therefore,electronicmonitoringisnottherealsolution.可知，作者通过研究发现，安装摄像头并
不是有效改善交通安全的措施，所以可推测，为了改善交通安全，还需要找到更好的办法。4．Whatmightbethebesttitleforthepassage?A．Redlightcamerasdon’treallymakestreetssafer.B．Electronicmonitoring
iswidelyusedatintersections.C．ThenumberoftrafficaccidentsremainshighintheUS.D．Accidentscausedbyrunningredlightssho
uldn’tbeignored.A解析：标题归纳题。根据文章内容可知，作者主要是通过自己的研究表明，装更多的摄像头并不能有效减少交通事故。Ⅲ完形填空ABrickinLifeAyoungandsuccessfulmanagerwastravelingdownaneighborhoodstreet,g
oingabittoofastinhisnewJaguar.Hewas__1__kidsrushingoutfrom__2__parkedcarsandsloweddownwhenhethoughthesawsomething.__3
__hiscarpassed,onechildappeared,andabricksmashedintotheJaguar’ssidedoor.Heslammedonthe__4__andturnedtheJaguarbacktothespotfromwhe
rethebrickhadbeenthrown.Hejumpedoutofthecar,grabbedthekidand__5__himupagainstaparkedcar,shouting，“Whatwasthatallaboutandw
hoareyou?Justwhat__6__areyoudoing？”Thenhewenton，“Didn’tyouknowthatbrickyouthrewisgoingto__7__alotofmoney.Whydidyoudoit？”“Please,sir.Plea
se,I’msorry.Ididn’tknow__8__elsetodo！”beggedtheyoungster.“__9__mybrother，”hesaid.“Herolledoffthesidewalkandfelloutofhis__10__andIcan’tli
fthimup.”Sobbing,theboyaskedthemanager,“Wouldyoupleasehelpmegethim__11__intohiswheelchair?He’shurtandhe’stoo__12__for
me.”Moved__13__words,thedrivertriedtoswallowtherapidlyswellinglumpinhisthroat.Heliftedtheyoungmanbackintothewheelchairand__14__hish
andkerchiefandwipedthescrapesandcuts,checkingtosee__15__everythingwasgoingtobeokay.“Thankyou,sir.AndGodblessyo
u，”the__16__childsaidtohim.Themanthen__17__thelittleboypushhisbrothertothesidewalktoward__18__home.It
wasalong__19__backtohisJaguar—along,slowwalk.Heneverdidrepairthesidedoor.Hekeptthedent(凹痕)__20__himnottogothroughlifesofastthats
omeonehastothrowabrickatyoutogetyourattention.【解题导语】本文通过一个小故事告诉我们：生活的道路上不要走得太匆忙，我们需要其他人的敲打来引起我们的注意。1．A.watchingforB．lookingforC．h
eadingforD．leavingforA解析：watchfor密切注意，留意；经理留意着从车子间跑出来的孩子。由此可知A项符合语境。2．A.amongB．betweenC．inD．throughB
解析：从车子之间跑出来，根据语境可知选B项(between在……之间)。3．A.WhileB．BeforeC．AsD．AfterC解析：当经理的车通过的时候，一个小孩儿丢了一块砖头打到了他的车的侧门，由此
可知C项as“当……时”，符合语境。4．A.windowB．doorC．wheelD．brakeD解析：经理猛踩刹车并后退到被扔砖头的地方。brake“刹车”，符合语境。5．A.pushedB．pulledC．heldD．caughtA解析：经理抓住那个小孩儿并把他推向一辆停着的车子。push“
推”，符合语境。6．A.inearthB．onearthC．afterallD．aboveallB解析：经理质问小孩儿到底想干什么，onearth意为“到底，究竟”，符合语境。7．A.spendB．charg
eC．costD．payC解析：经理质问小孩儿：“你知不知道你扔那块砖要付很多钱，你为什么要这样做？”此处cost意为“需付费”，符合语境。8．A.whichB．whoC．thatD．whatD解析：此处表示“我不知道我还能怎么办？”，考查名词性从句，do后面
缺宾语，因此用what。9．A.It’sB．Which’sC．That’sD．Who’sA解析：根据下文可知，此处小孩儿在说明情况，是他的哥哥从轮椅上摔了下来，他没有办法把他抬回去。此处It’s用以明确身份，故选A项。10．A.JaguarB．wheelcha
irC．sidewalkD．bikeB解析：根据下文中的“gethim______intohiswheelchair”可知，他哥哥从轮椅上摔了下来。11．A.upB．downC．backD．forwardC解析：此处表示“你可以帮我把他抬回
轮椅上吗？”，back符合语境。下文中的“liftedtheyoungmanbackintothewheelchair”也是提示。12．A.lightB．funnyC．terribleD．heavyD解析：根据上文可知，此处表示“他受伤了，而且对我来说他太重了
”。D项heavy“重的”，符合语境。13．A.beyondB．insideC．outsideD．aroundA解析：这些话让这位年轻的经理深受感动，没法用语言表达，beyond“超出……之外，非……所能及”，符合
语境。14．A.brokeoutB．tookoutC．runoutD．gaveoutB解析：经理把小孩儿的哥哥抱回轮椅上，并拿出手帕擦拭小孩儿的哥哥的伤口，确定他哥哥没有什么问题。B项意为“拿出，取出”；故选B项。15．A.whatB．whereC．thatD．which
C解析：参见上题解析。seethat意为“确保，务必(做到)”，符合语境。16．A.angryB．willingC．satisfactoryD．gratefulD解析：根据空格前的“Thankyou,sir.AndGodblessy
ou”可知，小孩儿非常感激这个经理。故选D项。17．A.watchedB．glaredC．noticedD．witnessedA解析：然后经理看着小孩儿推着他哥哥回他们的家。watch注视，看；根据语境可知选A项。18．A.hisB．theirC．herD．i
tsB解析：参见上题解析。此处指小孩儿和哥哥。19．A.journeyB．tripC．walkD．runningC解析：经理返回Jaguar的路变得很漫长。破折号后面的“along,slowwalk”也是提示，选C项。20．A.remindingB．remindedC．remindsD．to
remindD解析：经理保留着车子侧门上的凹痕是为了提醒他自己。此处用动词不定式表示目的，故选D项。B卷[学生用书P111(单独成册)]Ⅰ阅读理解ALivingabroadisnotforeveryone.Thoughitcancertainlybeafunandexcitingexperi
ence，itcanalsobefilledwithdifficulties.Beforeyoubooktheplaneticket，it’sagoodideatothinkcarefullyaboutlivingabroad.Ifyou’vel
ivedinthesametownformostofyourlife，anewplacefullofnewfoodandthingscanseemlikeadreamcomestrue.Yourfreetimewillbefilled
withexplorationandsightseeing.You’llhavetheopportunitytoexperienceplacesmucholderthantheUnitedStates.However，thatfeelingwillbecome
lessandyoumayfindyourselfwishingyoucouldjustturnontheTVandwatcholdTVseriesinEnglishoreatyourfavoriteAmericanmeal.Americansi
nEuropeandSouthAmericaoftenfindthatmedicalcareisbothcheaperandeasiertogetthanintheUnitedStates.Forexample，everyonecangetadental(牙齿的)checkupforonlya
round$20inTurkey.However，youmaybedisappointedbythelackoffamiliarmedicines.Andyoumaynotbeabletoreadtheinstructions.Theworkthatt
heordinaryAmericanscandoabroadusuallypaysbetterthanwhattheordinarylocalsdo.Afull-timeteachingjobinUkraine，forexample，canh
elpyouliveaveryrichlife.However，ifyoubecomeboredwithyourposition，otherjobchoicesaresomewhatlimitedunlessyouspeakthelocallanguageaswella
sEnglish.Moreover，youwillprobablyfindthatsomebenefitsdon’texistforforeigners.Whenyouliveabroad，opportunitiesforinte
rnationaltravelincreasegreatly.YoumaybeabletotakeadaytripacrosstheborderfromyourapartmentinBudapesttoaconcertinViennao
rtakeaboattoMontevideoforanightoutafterworkinBuenosAires.However，yourmoneymaynotallowespeciallycomfortabletravelandyoumayhavetostayininexpensive
hotels，cookyourownfoodandtakelongdistancelandtransportation.【解题导语】美国人如果搬去国外居住有利也有弊，本文列举了一些利弊。1．Accordin
gtoParagraph2，howmayonefeelatfirstwhenlivingabroad?A．Bored.B．Excited.C．Frightened.D．Concerned.B解析：推理判断题。根据第二
段的Ifyou’velivedinthesametownformostofyourlife，anewplacefullofnewfoodandthingscanseemlikeadreamcomestrue.可知，一开始在国外的生活让你感觉像是梦想实现了，这很令人兴奋。
2．WhatdoestheexampleinParagraph3show?A．Seeingadoctorisquitecheapabroad.B．It’smuchbettertoliveintheUnitedStates.C．Adentalcheckupabroadis
notconvenient.D．MostAmericanscan’tafforddentalcheckups.A解析：细节理解题。根据第三段的everyonecangetadental(牙齿的)checku
pforonlyaround$20inTurkey可知，这个例子表明在国外就医很便宜。3．WhatdoestheauthorthinkisadisadvantageofAmericans’workingabroad?A．They’reusuallypaidlower
thanthelocals.B．Theymustlearnthelocallanguagequickly.C．Therearenotmanysuitablepositionsforthem.D．TheyfacetoomuchcompetitionwithotherAmeric
ans.C解析：细节理解题。根据第四段的However，ifyoubecomeboredwithyourposition，otherjobchoicesaresomewhatlimitedunlessyouspeakthelocallanguageaswellas
English.可知，在国外如果你不会说当地语言，那么你的职业选择就很少。4．Whoisthetextwrittenfor?A．Americanslivingabroad.B．ForeignerslivingintheU．S.
C．Americanstravelingabroad.D．Americansplanningtoliveabroad.D解析：推理判断题。根据第一段的Beforeyoubooktheplaneticket，it’sagoodideatothin
kcarefullyaboutlivingabroad.可知，本文主要是针对那些计划搬去国外居住的美国人写的。BIt’sabookaboutfriendship,loyalty(忠诚),andteamwork.Itwillmakeyoulaughandcry,andgiveyouhope.C
owrittenbyJessicaKenskyandherhusband,PatrickDownes,thenewpicturebook,Rescue&Jessica:ALifeChangingFriendsh
ip,tellsthestoryofagirlnamedJessicawhoisdealingwiththelossofherleg.Rescue,herservicedog,discoversthathe
canbeagoodfriendandhelpJessicagetthroughhardtimes.Thebookisillustrated(作插图)byScottMagoon,whosedrawingsshowRe
scueworkingalongsideJessica.“Hecanpickupthephonetobringittoherifsheneedsit，”Magoonsaid.“Hecanevenopendoorsforherorcallforhelpifshe’s
introuble.”Thestorydoesnotdiscussthebombingattack(炸弹袭击)attheBostonMarathonin2013,whichtookplaceatthefinishline,killingthre
epeopleandinjuringhundredsofothers.Butreaderslearnintheauthors’notethatDownesandKenskywereamongthoseinjured.Kenskylos
tbothlegs,andDowneslosthisleftleg.IttooktwoyearstowriteRescue&Jessica,andtwomoretopublish(出版)it.“Thebestpartwashavingagooddistraction(分散注意力的事物)fromt
hereallyhardtimeIwashavingduringmyrecovery，”Kenskysaid.DownesdescribedhowRescuehashelpedthecouple.“Whenwe’resa
d,hemakesfunnysoundsandmakesuslaugh，”Downessaid.“He’salsotheretohelpuscelebrategoodtimes.Ifyouhaveafriend,thingsmightbehard
,butyoucanovercomeittogether.”DownesandKenskyandtheirpicturebookspeakfor“BostonStrong”.Downesexplainedtheterm：“It
broughtpeopletogetherafterthebombingandbroughtoutthebestineveryone.Whenpeopleneededitthemost,wetookcareofeachother.”【解题导语
】本文是一篇议论文。作者介绍并简单评论了一本绘本故事书。5．WhathappenedtoJessicainthebook?A．Shelostoneofherlegs.B．Shesavedaservicedog.C．Shewasinjuredduringanattack.D
．Shewasforcedtoleaveherfriends.A解析：细节理解题。由第二段中的thestoryofagirlnamedJessicawhoisdealingwiththelossofherleg.可知，该绘本的主
人公Jessica失去了一条腿。6．Whatcanweinferaboutthebook?A．Itencouragespeopletobefriendlytodogs.B．Itisbasedontheauthors’
ownexperience.C．Itisespeciallyhelpfulforpeoplewithspecialneeds.D．Itplacesimportanceonhavingagoodfriendinlife.B解析：推
理判断题。由第二段中的agirlnamedJessicawhois...getthroughhardtimes和第四段中的Kenskylostbothlegs,andDowneslosthisleftleg.以及倒数第二段可知，绘本故事的情节与作者夫妇的经历相似，因
此推断，该故事是基于作者的亲身经历创作的。7．WhatdidKenskygetfromwritingthebook?A．Shebecamebetterpreparedforhardtimes.B．Shefeltittookhermindoffherhard
ship.C．Shegrewmoreinterestedinwriting.D．ShebecameclosertoRescue.B解析：细节理解题。由倒数第三段中Kensky所说的话可知，创作并发表该书期间，她正处于康复期，写书分散了她的注
意力，帮助她度过了痛苦的康复期。8．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“overcome”inthelastbutoneparagraphmean?A．Realize.B．Understand.C．Dependon.D．Getthrough.D解析：词义猜测题。由倒数第二段中的W
henwe’resad,hemakesfunnysoundsandmakesuslaugh和He’salsotheretohelpuscelebrategoodtimes.可知，主人不开心时，狗逗他们开心，同时也与他们一起庆祝美好时光。因此，Downes认为，身边有一个朋友陪伴，即使处境艰难
，也能一起克服困难。CWhenIwasachild,mymotherwouldlookatmeandsay，“Youhavesomethingspecial,andIknowyoucanachievewhateveryousetyourmindon.Butyousho
uldalwaysknowwhatyouwillbedoingnext.”Incollege,Imadeagoaltodowellinmystudyandwinascholarshipeveryyear.Ce
rtainly,Imadeit.Aftercollege,mygoalwastoworkandliveinNewYorkCity.Igotagoodjobandtwoyearslater,Ihadmyo
wnapartmentontheUpperEastSide.AsIlookback,Iunderstandmoreclearlythatsettinggoalsgavemedirectionandapathtofollow.WhenIwaspregnant(怀
孕的)withmyfirstchild,mynewgoalwastostayathomeandraisemybabybymyself.ItmeansthatIhadtogiveupalotofthings,suchasmyj
ob.Itwasdifficulttoacceptthetruth,butIknewwhatIwantedandnothingwasgoingtostandinmyway.Whenmysecondchil
dwassevenyearsold,Iwantedtogobacktowork.However,myfriendstoldmethatitwasimpossibletogetagoodjobafterbeingawayfromworkfor1
0years.ButthenIwenttoworkasamanagerinabigcompany.Itwasn’teasyatfirst,butIlikedthechallenge.Iworkedatthatjobforse
venyearsandlearnedsomuch.ButthenIfeltanewgoalcoming.Ileftmyjoblastmonthandstartedmyowncompany.Ialwaysteachmychildrenthesamethingthatmymothertoldme
:Youcanachieveanythingyousetyourmindon.Whatdoyouwant?Onceyouknow,gotogetit.【解题导语】本文是一篇记叙文。从小作者的母亲就告诉作者要树立目标，然后朝着目标努力，所以作者最后很成功，拥有了自己的公司。她的故
事告诉我们树立目标很重要。9．Whydidtheauthorstopworkingonce?A．Becauseshedislikedherpreviousjob.B．Becauseshemetwithdifficultiesinherjob.C．Be
causeshewantedtoraiseherchildherself.D．Becauseshehadnoonetolookafterherchild.C解析：细节理解题。根据第三段的mynewgoalwastostayathomeandraisemybabybymyself可知，作者停止
工作的原因是想要自己带孩子。10．Howdidtheauthor’sfriendsreacttoherdecisiontogobacktowork?A．Theyencouragedhergreatly.B．Theythoughtshecouldn’t
getagoodjob.C．Theythoughtshewasnotseriousaboutthat.D．Theygavehersuggestionsonfindingagoodjob.B解析：细节理解题。根据第四段的However,myfri
endstoldmethatitwasimpossibletogetagoodjobafterbeingawayfromworkfor10years.可知，当作者想要继续工作时，她朋友们的反应是觉得她找不到好的工作。11．Whatd
oestheauthormostprobablywanttoshowbywritingthispassage?A．It’simportanttosetgoalsinlife.B．Weshouldknowourownneeds.C．Weshouldalwa
ysbefullofconfidence.D．It’simportanttomakesomechangesinlife.A解析：写作意图题。根据文章内容可知，本文主要是讲树立目标的重要性。Ⅱ书面表达手机在中国发展很快，拥有和使用它
已成为当今时尚。你班同学开展了一项调查。请根据下表提示写一篇短文，介绍这次调查内容，并且表明自己的观点。AdvantagesDisadvantages1.方便，可以随时和别人联系；2．可以获取更多信息，娱乐放松1.干扰正常工作和生活；2．驾车接电话很危险自己的观点……注
意：1.短文内容必须涵盖表格所有内容，可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；2．短文开头已经给出，不计入总词数；3．词数：100左右。Asisseen,mobilephonesareusednowadayseverywhereinChina.Hereisthesurveywehave
madeofhowtheyareused._________________________________________________________________________________
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__________________________________________________________________________________Onepossibleversion：As_is_seen,_mobile_phones_ar
e_used_nowadays_everywhere_in_China.Here_is_the_survey_we_have_made_of_how_they_are_used.Ontheonehand,mobilephonesmakeitconvenientt
okeepusintouchwithothers.Besides,wecanalsohavefunandgetmuchinformationbysurfingtheInternetwithit.Ontheotherhand,ifwecar
ryamobilephone,wewillbefollowedbycallsandmessages,whichalwaysdisturbsourlifeandwork.Worsestill,itisverydangerou
stoanswerthephonewhiledriving.AsfarasIamconcerned,weshouldmanageourmobilephoneswell.Whenhavingameetingorlesson,
wemustturnitoffsothatitmaynotdisturbus.Makesurewedonotmakeanyphonecallwhendriving.Inthisway,mobileph
onewillbeusefultoourlife.获得更多资源请扫码加入享学资源网微信公众号www.xiangxue100.com
