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SectionⅣGrammar&Writing现在完成时和现在完成进行时一、现在完成时1．现在完成时的意义及其构成现在完成时用来表示之前已发生或完成的动作或状态，其结果的影响现在还存在；也可表示持续到现在的动作或状态。其构成：have/has＋过去分词。2．

通常使用现在完成时的几种情况情况常用时间状语例句表示过去发生的事对现在仍有影响already，yet，just，bythistime，sofar等Ihavealreadyfinishedallthework.我已经做完了所有的工作。表

示过去开始的动作或状态一直延续到现在allmylife，allthetime，sofar，uptonow，inthepast/lastfewyears，since等We’vebeengoodfriendssincewewereveryyoung.我们从很小的时候就是好朋友了。在时间

、条件等状语从句中，代替将来完成时when，before，once，aslongas，if等Onceyouhavepromised，youshouldkeepit.你一旦许下诺言，就应该遵守。对接高考①Whileonlineshopping____________(change)ourlif

e，notallofitseffectshavebeenpositive.尽管网上购物已经改变了我们的生活，但是并不是所有的影响都是积极的。haschanged解析：主语是onlineshopping，结合语境以及后面的havebeen可知，这里要用现在完成时。②I____________(r

ead)halfoftheEnglishnovel，andI’lltrytofinishitattheweekend.这本英语小说我已经读了一半，这个周末我将尽力把它读完。haveread解析：语境表示“已经读了一半”，应该

用现在完成时表示过去发生并且对现在有影响的动作。3．用于现在完成时的句型(1)Itisthefirst/second...timethat...结构中的从句部分用现在完成时。如果主句是过去时，从句相应地改为过去完成时。Itisthe

firsttimethatIhavevisitedthecity.这是我第一次参观这座城市。Itwasthethirdtimethattheboyhadbeenlate.这是这个男孩第三次迟到了。(2)sb./sth.＋be＋形容词最高级＋that...结构

，that从句要用现在完成时。如果主句是过去时，从句相应地改为过去完成时。YouarethemostcreativemanthatIhaveevermet.你是我遇到过的人中最有创造性的一位。(3)since引导时间状语从句时，

主句用现在完成时，从句用一般过去时。Ithasbeen/isalongtimesinceIlastcametothecity.自从我上次到这个城市来，已经有好长一段时间了。Istartedmyteachingcareeratthatschool.Thatwasmore

thantwentyyearsago，andIhavebeenthereeversince.我是在那个学校开始我的教书生涯的。那是二十多年前的事了，从那时起我就一直在那儿。非延续性动词的否定形式可以与表示延续时间的状语连用。即动作不发生

的状态是可以持续的。(错)Ihavereceivedhisletterforamonth.(对)Ireceivedhisletteramonthago.(对)Ihaven’treceivedhisletterforamonth.对接高考③Thereportswentm

issingin2012andnobody____________(see)themsince.那些报告2012年就丢失了，从那以后没有人看见过它们。hasseen解析：根据句意可知是指“自从2012年这些文件不见”是开始，到现在为止没有人看见。since经常和现在完成时连用。④Itis

themostinstructivelecturethatI____________(attend)sinceIcametothisschool.这是自我入校以来听过的最有教育意义的报告。haveattended解析：此处是指自入校到现在，所以用现在完成时。4．havegon

eto与havebeento的区别havegoneto表示“到某地去了”，动作的执行者不在说话现场。havebeento表示“去过某地”，是回来之后再谈论去过某地的情况，常与表示次数的状语连用。Maryhasgonetotheli

brary.玛丽去图书馆了。(现在还没回来)MaryhasbeentoHongKongtwice.玛丽去过香港两次了。(现在已经回来)二、现在完成进行时1．现在完成进行时的意义及其构成现在完成进行时表示某一动作从过去开始发生，已经持续到现在，并且还将

有可能持续下去。其构成：have/has＋been＋doing。2．该时态多用延续性动词，并常和allthetime，thismonth，allnight，allthemorning，recently以及since和for引导的

时间状语从句连用。3．使用现在完成进行时的两种情况情况例句表示一个由过去某时起一直持续的动作，这个动作可能刚刚停止，也可能还在进行Thereyouare！I’vebeenwaitingforanhour.你到底来了！我等了你一个小时了。表示在持续的一段时间中动作的

多次反复We’vealllongbeenmakingmistakeslikethis.我们一直犯这样的错误。对接高考⑤—Excuseme，whichmovieareyouwaitingfor?—ThenewStarWar

s.We____________(wait)hereformorethantwohours.——对不起，你们在等什么电影？——新版的《星球大战》。我们在这里等了两个多小时了。havebeenwaiting解析：根据时间状语判断

，语境表示在过去很长时间里一直在做某事，并且还将继续，此时应用现在完成进行时。⑥Sincethetimehumankindstartedgardening，we____________(try)tomakeourenvironmentmorebeautiful.自从人类开始

搞园艺活动到现在，我们一直都在让我们的环境更美丽。havebeentrying解析：since引导的从句经常要和现在完成时以及现在完成进行时连用。本句使用现在完成进行时，强调动作的持续性。⑦—Tony，whyareyoureyesred?—I____________

(cut)uppeppersforthelastfiveminutes.——Tony，为什么你的眼睛那么红啊？——在过去的5分钟里，我一直都在切辣椒。havebeencutting解析：根据句意可知，本句表示在过去的一段时间里一直都在做某事，所以使用现在完成进行时

表示动作的持续性和反复性。⑧Thegirlhasagreatinterestinsportand____________(take)badmintonclassestwiceaweekoverthelastthreeyears.这个女孩对运动很感兴趣，在过去的三年里一直一周

两次去上羽毛球课。hasbeentaking解析：时间状语overthelastthreeyears，表示以现在为起点的过去的三年时间。“take”这个动作从过去到现在一直有规律地(一周两次)持续，并且有可能持续下去，符合现在完成进行时的特

点。⑨Inordertofindthemissingchild，villagers____________(do)alltheycanoverthepastfivehours.为了找到丢失的孩子，在过去的5个小时里，村民们做了他们所能做的一切。havebeendoing

解析：overthepastfivehours通常与完成时连用，再结合can的时态，可知在过去到现在的这段时间里村民们一直在寻找，并有可能继续找下去。因此，符合现在完成进行时的使用条件。三、现在完成时与现在完成进行时的区别现在完成时现在完成进行时动作

的“完成性”可表示反复发生或刚刚结束的动作表示持续的、不间断的动作，侧重延续性谓语动词的种类可用状态动词也可用动作动词只能用动作动词对接高考⑩Themanager____________(tell)theworkershowtoimprovetheprogramsince9a．m.经理从早

上9点开始就一直在不停地告诉工人们如何改进这个项目。hasbeentelling解析：现在完成进行时表示：过去某一动作从过去开始一直延续到现在，现在刚刚结束或还在进行。Ⅰ用所给动词的适当形式填空1．—D

oyouknowaboutourschool?—No，thisisthefirsttimeI____________(be)here.答案：havebeen2．Thisisthefirsttimethatwe_______

_____(face)suchaproblem.答案：havefaced3．She____________(work)likethatallthetime.答案：hasbeenworking4．We____________(see)quite

alotofeachotherrecently.答案：havebeenseeing5．Mysister____________(be)acollegestudentforthreeyears.答案：h

asbeen6．Thefilm____________(be)onforfiveminutes.答案：hasbeen7．I____________(hear)nothingfromhimuptonow.答案：haveheard8．Tom____________(read)stories，but

hedidn’treadlastnight.答案：hasbeenreadingⅡ语法与写作1．—Nancydoesn’tlookverywell.What’swrongwithher?—Shehasaterribleheadachebecauseshe____________________

____________(学习的时间太长了)．Sheshouldstoptohaveagoodrest.答案：hasbeenstudyingtoolong2．—Iwonderifyoucouldgotothemoviewithme.—Oh,j

ustleavemealone.I________________________(一直在写)acompositionallthemorningandhaven’tfinishedyet.答案：havebeenwriting3．TheChinese_________

_______________________(一直造纸)fortwothousandyears.答案：havebeenmakingpaper4．We________________________(讨论)theproblemforq

uitealongtime,butwe________________________(没有达成)anyconclusionyet.答案：havebeendiscussing；haven’treache

d5．WhenNancywasatcollege，she________________________________(她会说三种外语)．ButIamsurprisedtofindthatshe____________________

(已经忘了)allexceptafewwordsofeach.答案：spokethreeforeignlanguages；hasforgotten如何写调查报告文体感知调查报告的基本框架有：调查内容(主要内容、对象、方式)；调查结果；解决措施或个人观点或建议

。调查报告的命题形式一般提供图(graph)或表(table)，要求用简洁、生动的语言把图中所提供的信息准确、完整地表达出来。图表作文的三个层次要求：第一层次的核心是“图文转换”，即将图表的主要内容和信息用语

言叙述出来；第二层次是在简单要求的基础上对图表进行解读，写出图表实际要表达的内涵意义；第三层次要求在前两个层次的基础上对图表的含义进行引申与议论，有的要求给出结论，有的要求写出你自己的观点等。常用句式1．直接点明本图表所反映的主题“如图所

知/所示”相关表达法：Accordingtothetable/chart/graph，wecansee/concludethat...Thetable/graph/datashows/indicates/pointsoutthat...Asweca

nseefromthetable，...Ascanbeseenfromthegraph，...Asisshowninthechart，...2．分析数据间的主要差异及描述表示增加的动词或词语：increase

/rise/climb/goup/jump/rocket/double等；表示减少的动词或词语：decrease/godown/drop/fall/decline/reduce等；表示稳定的动词或词语：remainstable/goon

steadily/staythesame等；表示变化的形容词、副词：rapid/rapidly，slow/slowly，sudden/suddenly，gradual/gradually，sharp/s

harply，steady/steadily，slight/slightly，significant/significantly，dramatic/dramatically...描述增减变化常用的句型：ComparedwithA，Bincreasedby

...Thepercentageof...islarger/smallerthanthatof...Thenumberis...timesas...asthatof...Thenumberis...timesmorethanthatof...There

wasadrop/fall/rise/anincreasein...3．归纳总结或发表评论表总结的常用短语和句型：inaword，inshort，inconclusion，insummary，tosumup，tocon

clude，generallyspeaking，It’sclearfromthechartthat...，Wecandrawtheconclusionthat...，Wecanlearn/know...写作要求某英

语报社正在举行征文比赛，题目是“谈谈你对现代中学生庆祝西方节日的看法”。假设你经过调查总结出以下两方面观点，请根据表格写一篇100词左右的文章。赞成反对1.促进对西方文化的了解2.西方节日趣味性强1.学生盲目追求时尚2.不了解西方

节日的历史3.对中国传统节日兴趣减弱审题谋篇项目结论体裁应用文话题调查报告时态一般现在时人称第三人称；第一人称词句推敲1．词汇①庆祝________________②同时________________③传统节日___________

_____④过时________________⑤用适当的方式________________答案：①celebrate②atthesametime③traditionalfestivals④outofdate⑤inaproperway2．句式(1)一句多译①在我看来，对中学生来说庆祝西方节

日是了解西方文化的好方法。________________，celebratingWesternfestivalsisagoodwayformiddleschoolstudentstounderstandmoreaboutWesternculture._______________________

_________，celebratingWesternfestivalsisagoodwayformiddleschoolstudentstounderstandmoreaboutWesternculture.________________，cel

ebratingWesternfestivalsisagoodwayformiddleschoolstudentstounderstandmoreaboutWesternculture.②事实上，他们不了解西方节日的历史。____________

，theyknowlittleaboutthehistoryofWesternfestivals.________________________，theyknowlittleaboutthehistoryofWesternfestivals.(2)合并句子Forexample，so

mestudentssimplydoit.Westernfestivalsarepopularamongyoungpeople.(用状语从句合并句子)______________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________答案：(1)①Inmyopinion；AsfarasI’

mconcerned；Asforme②Infact；Asamatteroffact/Actually(2)Forexample，somestudentssimplydoitbecauseWesternfestivalsarepopularamongyoun

gpeople.妙笔成篇_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________________________Onepossibleversion：Nowadays，manymiddlesc

hoolstudentslikecelebratingWesternfestivals，suchasChristmasandAprilFool’sDay.Accordingtotherecentsurvey，opinionsonthisphenomenondifferamongpeople.In

supporters’opinion，celebratingWesternfestivalsisagoodwayformiddleschoolstudentstounderstandmoreabout

Westernculture.Atthesametime，manyWesternfestivalsareveryinteresting.However，therearealsosomedisadvantagesofcelebratingWesternfe

stivals.Forexample，somestudentssimplydoitbecauseWesternfestivalsarepopularamongyoungpeople.Infact，theyknowlittleaboutthehistoryofWesternfestivals

.Insomecases，studentsdon’twanttocelebrateourowntraditionalfestivalsbecausetheythinkthattraditionalChin

esefestivalsareoutofdate.AsfarasIamconcerned，celebratingWesternfestivalscanenrichourlife.However，Westernfestivalscouldbringcultures

hock.Inaword，weshouldcombinetheminaproperway.A卷Ⅰ单句语法填空1．—Hi,waiter.Howaboutmydish?I____________(wait)for20minutes.—Oh

,sorrymadam.Justaminute,please.答案：havebeenwaiting2．—Whyhaven’tyouaskedhertocomehere?—She___________(do)animportantexperi

mentwhenIfoundherandshe___________(notfinish)it.答案：wasdoing；hasn’tfinished3．LeonardodaVinci(1452—1519)issaid____________(buy)birdskeptincagesinordert

ohavethepleasureofsettingthemfree.答案：tohavebought4．—Doyouknowourcountryatall?—No,thisisthefirsttimeI___

_________(be)here.答案：havebeen5．Itiseasytopick____________mycarfromothersintheparkinglot,ithasapictureofMickeyMouseontheback.答案：out6．Becauseofthe

financialcrisis(经济危机),over7，000companiesinthatarea____________downtillnowandstillsome____________down.(close)答案：haveclosed；areclosing7

．Helenrushedoutoftheclassroom，____________(leave)thedoorunlocked.答案：leaving8．Manyforeigncompaniesstillreport____________(do)

goodbusinessinChina.答案：doing9．Theyaretryingtostep____________theprojecttomeetthedeadline.答案：up10．Alexandertriedtohavehiswork____________(re

cognize)inthemedicalfield.答案：recognizedⅡ阅读理解KhanAcademyisawebsiteprovidingafreeeducationforanyperson.Thewebsiteincludesmorethan4，000shorttea

chingvideosaboutmanydifferentsubjects.Everymonth,over7millionpeoplegototheKhanAcademywebsitetowatchitsvideos.KhanAcademybeganwithonem

annamedSalmanKhan.Asayoungman,KhangotadegreefromHarvardBusinessSchoolandbegantoworkinbusiness.In2006,KhanusedtheInternettohelphisyou

ngcousins,wholivedfaraway,withtheirmathematicsschoolwork.Hedrewnumbersandpicturesonthewebsitetoteachthem.Afteratime,heputhisvideosontothe

websiteYouTube,wherehiscousinscouldwatchthemanytimetheywanted.ButKhannoticedthatotherpeoplewerealsow

atchinghisvideosonYouTube.By2009,thenumberofpeoplewatchinghisvideosonYouTubewasgettingverylarge.Khandecidedtomakethevideoshisjobinstead.Soheofficia

llybeganKhanAcademy,providingvideosonmathematicsandotherschoolsubjects.Peopledidnothavetopaytowatchthevideos.Buttheycouldgi

veKhanmoneyiftheywantedtosupporthiswork.SomepeopledidgiveKhansmallamountsofmoney,buthewasstillhavingahardtime.Later,awomantoldKhant

hatBillGatesusedKhanAcademyforhiskids.Afterthat,theBillandMelindaGatesFoundationbegangivingmoneytoKhanAcademy.In2010Google

gavethewebsitemoneytoo,wantingKhantotranslatehisvideosintotheworld’smostcommonlanguages.Today,peoplecanseeKhan’svideosinmanydi

fferentlanguages.SomepeoplethinkthatKhanAcademywillbethewaymoreandmorepeoplelearninthefuture.Teacherscanuseitint

heirclassrooms.KhanbelievesthatKhanAcademywillnever,andshouldnever,replaceaschool.Buthebelievesteachersandstudentscanuseittomak

eschoolsbetter.【解题导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要介绍了KhanAcademy这个学习网站的成立背景、发展过程以及现状。1．WhatcanonegetfromKhanAcademy?A．Video－makingmethods.B．Freelearninginform

ation.C．Anyhelpwiththeschoolwork.D．Agoodnumberofbeautifulpictures.B解析：细节理解题。根据第一段中的KhanAcademyisawebsiteprovidingafreeeducation

foranyperson.可知。2．Initsearlydays,KhanAcademy________.A．facedmoneyproblemsB．hadtroublewithlanguageC．wasunpopularwithschoolsD．hadashortageofskilledtea

chersA解析：细节理解题。根据第五段可知，KhanAcademy网站在创办初期曾遇到过资金问题。3．WhatdoesSalmanKhanthinkofKhanAcademy?A．Itwillplayanactiveroleinschoolteaching.B．Itcanr

eplaceteachersinclassrooms.C．Itcanreplaceateachingschool.D．It’sthefutureofeducation.A解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段中的Buthebelievest

eachersandstudentscanuseittomakeschoolsbetter.可知，SalmanKhan觉得他的网站可以促进教学。4．Thetextismainlywrittento________.A．describeanacademic

leaderB．introducealearningwebsiteC．offersomenetworkknowledgeD．comparetwodifferentlearningstylesB解析：写作意图题。本文主要介绍了Kh

anAcademy这个学习网站的成立背景、发展过程以及现状，由此可知B项概括正确。Ⅲ完形填空AsIwasmakingmywaytothecoffeeshop,Inoticedanoldergentlemanpoorlydressedsittin

gona__1__nearby.Iknewfromfirstsightthathewasinneedofsomekindof__2__．Hehadalittlelunchstretchedoutinfrontofhi

mandwaswholeheartedly__3__it.ThenI__4__thelineandwaitedtobeserved.Therewasayoungmaninfrontofme.Hehandedth

ewaitressatwentydollarbilland__5__anorangejuiceanda__6__．Thewaitresslookedattheyoungmanalittle__7__，notfullyunderstandingthereques

t.Thatwaswhentheyoungman__8__hertogivethejuicetotheoldergentlemaneatinghislunchoutsideonthebench.Theyoungmanalsotoldherthathewouldbewatchingevery

second__9__shewouldbecompletelysafeatalltimes.__10__therewasawonderful__11__betweenthewaitressandtheolderma

ninneedofsomeattention.IonlywishIhadaphotoofthe__12__onthebothoftheirfaces.AsIwas__13__thiseventlateron,Iwonderedwhytheyoungmandidn’tj

ust__14__thisactofkindnesshimself.Isuspectthatdeepoutinhishearthewas__15__thatthisactofkindnessmight__16__o

therstodosomethingforthisoldermanaswell.Thereare__17__waysofthinkingwhenwecomeacrosssomeonesuchasthisoldergentleman.__

18__he’sjustsimplylazyanddoesn’tworkhardenoughinhislife.Orheshouldhavegonetoschoolandmade__19__useofwhathehas.Butjustmaybeheneedsahelpinghandan

dthankGodforthisyoungmanwhoinspiredothersto__20__aswell.【解题导语】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。“我”在咖啡店里看到一位衣衫褴褛的老人坐在门外的长凳上，一位年轻人花钱让服务员给他送上

橘子汁并关照他。年轻人的善行让“我”思考：为别人做善事会让社会更美好。1．A.chairB．benchC．fenceD．tableB解析：根据第三段第一句中的“onthebench”可知，这位衣衫褴褛的老人坐在长凳上。故B项正确。

2．A.helpB．rescueC．attractionD．serviceA解析：根据上句中“...anoldergentlemanpoorlydressed...”以及最后一段中的“heneedsahelpinghand”可知，这位老人有绅士风度，但

衣衫褴褛，故可以判断，他需要某种帮助。A项意为“帮助”,符合语境。故A项正确。B项意为“解救”；C项意为“吸引”；D项意为“服务”，都与语境不符。3．A.tastingB．packingC．enjoyingD．orderingC解析：根据

该句中的“wholeheartedly”可推知，虽然他的午餐较少，但他全心享受。C项意为“享受”，符合语境。故C项正确。A项意为“品尝”；B项意为“打包”；D项意为“命令”，都与语境不符。4．A.jumpedB．j

oinedC．heldD．tookB解析：根据该句中的“thelineandwaitedtobeserved”可知，“我”加入了排队，等候服务。join意为“加入”，符合语境。故B项正确。A项意为“跳”；C项意为“支持，拿住”；D项意为“拿”，都与语境不符。5．A.preparedB．su

ppliedC．producedD．requestedD解析：根据下句中的“therequest”可知，这位年轻男子给了服务员20美元，点了橘子汁，并请求服务员帮个忙。D项意为“请求，要求，需要”，符合语境。故D项正确。A项意为“

准备”；B项意为“提供”；C项意为“生产”，都与语境不符。6．A.favourB．checkC．tipD．replyA解析：根据下文内容可知，这位年轻人要求服务员帮他忙，去给老人送橘子汁。favour意为“帮忙”，符合语境。故A项正确。7．A.shockedB．anno

yedC．puzzledD．disturbedC解析：根据该句中的“notfullyunderstandingtherequest”可知，服务员不能完全理解他的要求，故此处指感到困惑。C项意为“困惑的，迷惑不解的”，符合语境。故C项正确。A项意为“震惊的”；B项意为“烦恼的”；D项意为“

打扰的，心烦意乱的”，都与语境不符。8．A.commandedB．beggedC．requiredD．askedD解析：句意：那时那位年轻人让她去给在门外长凳上吃饭的老人送橘子汁。asksb.todosth.意为“让某人做某事”，符合语境。故D项正确。9

．A.incaseB．eventhoughC．sothatD．onlyifC解析：句意：年轻人还告诉她他将一直观察着，因此她将一直完全安全。sothat意为“所以”，引导结果状语从句，符合语境。故C项正确。A项意为“以防，万一”；B项意为“尽管，即使”；D项

意为“只有”，都与语境不符。10．A.BesidesB．AfterwardsC．OtherwiseD．AnyhowB解析：根据语境可知，在那位年轻顾客提出要求之后，服务员去给老人送橘子汁。B项意为“随后，后来”，符合语境。故B项正确。A项意为“此外”；C项意为“否则”；D项意为

“无论如何，总之”，都与语境不符。11．A.debateB．impressionC．bargainD．exchangeD解析：根据该句中的“betweenthewaitressandtheolderman”可知，那位需要关注的老人和服务员之间进行了一次美好的交换，即服务员给老人送

上了橘子汁。D项意为“交换，交流，交易”，符合语境。故D项正确。12．A.smilesB．worriesC．tearsD．hopesA解析：句意：我只是希望我能拍下他们两人脸上的笑容。A项意为“微笑，笑容”，符合语境。故A项正确。B项意为“担心”；C

项意为“眼泪”；D项意为“希望”，都与语境不符。13．A.pickingoutB．carryingonC．thinkingaboutD．makingupC解析：根据该句中的“lateron”可知，后来“我”回想起这件事。t

hinkabout意为“回想”，符合语境。故C项正确。A项意为“选择出，挑出”；B项意为“坚持”；D项意为“编造”，都与语境不符。14．A.introduceB．performC．ignoreD．passB解析：根据该句中的“ac

t”可知，“我”想知道为什么这位年轻人不自己去做这次的善行。perform意为“做，履行，执行”，符合语境。故B项正确。15．A.guessingB．hopingC．judgingD．concludingB解析：根据该句中

的“otherstodosomethingforthisoldermanaswell”可知，他在内心深处希望这种善行可以鼓励他人也如此做。B项意为“希望”，符合语境。故B项正确。A项意为“猜”；C项意为“判断”；D项意为“得出结论”，都与语境不符。16．A.inspireB．fo

rceC．warnD．instructA解析：根据该句中的“otherstodosomethingforthisolderman”以及本文最后一句中的“inspiredothers”可知，他在内心深处希望这种善行可以鼓励他人也来为这位老人服务。A项意为“鼓

励”，符合语境。故A项正确。B项意为“强迫”；C项意为“警告”；D项意为“指导”，都与语境不符。17．A.valuableB．usefulC．variousD．practicalC解析：根据复数可数名词“ways”以及下文列举的各种猜想可知，当

我们遇到像这样的老人时，会有许多种想法。C项意为“多种多样的”，符合语境。故C项正确。A项意为“有价值的”；B项意为“有用的”；D项意为“实用的”，都与语境不符。18．A.CertainlyB．PossiblyC．ObviouslyD．AbsolutelyB解

析：句意：很可能他只是懒惰或是在生活中工作不够努力。与下文中的“shouldhavegone”以及“maybe”相呼应可知，此处是指推测。B项意为“可能”，符合语境。故B项正确。19．A.closerB．widerC．harderD．betterD解析：句意：或者他本应该去上学，以

更加充分地利用他所拥有的。makebetteruseof为固定搭配，意为“更加充分地利用”，符合语境。故D项正确。20．A.goodnessB．confidenceC．respectD．creativit

yA解析：根据上文可知，这位年轻人让别人做了善事，由此可推知，这位年轻人也鼓励别人表现出了善良。A项意为“善良”，符合语境，故A项正确。B项意为“信心”；C项意为“尊敬”；D项意为“创造力”，都与语境不符。B卷Ⅰ阅读理解

AIt’s11p．m.,andI’mstillsittingherewritingthisarticlefortheschoolmagazine!I’vehadtwoweekstowriteit,andmyteach

er,Julia,wantsittomorrow.She’salwayscomplaining(抱怨)thatIleavethingstillthelastminute.Maybeshe’sright.AmonthagoImad

eadecisiontobemoreefficient(有效率的)thisyear.Well,I’veclearlyfailed.I’vealsobeentryingtogetfitterforfourweeksnow.I’vest

artedgoingtothehealthclub.I’veevenbeengoingtobedearlier.ButI’mnotfeelinganyfitter,justalittleunhappi

er.Imissmybadhabits.Whyisleadingabetterlifesohard?I’vejustreadanarticleonawebsite,andI’vediscoveredthatitisn’tmyfault(过错)!Infact,itisn’tanyone’sfau

lt.It’sourbrain’s.It’sprogrammedtomakeitdifficulttobreakbadhabits.There’snothingwecando.Scientistshavedoneexperimentsthatshowweuseoneparto

fourbrainwhenwethinkaboutourselvesandanotherwhenwethinkaboutotherpeople.However,whenwethinkaboutourselves

inthefuture,weusethesamepartofthebrainthatweusuallyusetothinkaboutotherpeople.Inotherwords,thebrainseesthe

“futureyou”asadifferentpersonthanyour“presentyou”．That’swhywedon’talwaysfinditeasytomakegooddecisionsforourselvesinthefut

ure.Butthat’snotall.Scientistshavealsodiscoveredthatittakesaroundtenweekstoformagoodhabit.That’stheamount(数量)oft

imethebrainneedstoacceptnewbehavioralpatterns(形式)．Thegoodnewsisthatonceyoumakeittotenweeks,everythin

gbecomesaloteasier.Thebadnewsisthattenweeksisareallylongtime,soit’seasytogiveupwhatyouwanttodobeforethen.Soevenwhenwe

wanttochangeourwaysandbecomebetterpeople,ourbrainswon’tletus.Oristhisjustanexcuse?Look—I’vefinishedmyarticleontime!Anythingispossible!【解题导语】本文是一篇

议论文。作者分析了为何习惯不容易被改变。1．InJulia’seyes,whatkindofpersonistheauthor?A．Abitlazy.B．Quitesmart.C．Veryhealthy.D．Trulyhonest.A解析：推理判断题。由第一段中的Julia...alway

scomplaining(抱怨)thatIleavethingstillthelastminute可知，作者总是把事情留到最后时刻才做，故在老师Julia眼里，他有点懒散。2．WhatdoesParagraph3mainlytellus?A．Whywecan’thaveabetterlife

.B．Howourbrainseesourselvesinthefuture.C．Howourbrainhelpsusmakegooddecisions.D．Whyitisnoteasyforustocha

ngeourhabits.D解析：段落大意题。由第二段可知，作者想改掉以前的习惯却发现很难。第三段承接上段内容，由其中的It’sourbrain’s.It’sprogrammedtomakeitdifficulttobreakbadhabits.可知，作者在本段介绍他

看到的一篇关于大脑在人们做决定时如何运转的文章，旨在告诉读者为何改变旧的习惯是如此之难。3．Accordingtoscientists,inordertoformthehabitoftakingexercise,theauthorneedstotakeabout________

．A．anothertwoweeksB．anotherfourweeksC．anothersixweeksD．anothertenweeksC解析：推理判断题。由第二段中的I’vealsobeentryingtogetfitterforfourweeksnow.和倒数第二段中的Scien

tistshavealsodiscoveredthatittakesaroundtenweekstoformagoodhabit.可知，根据科学家的研究，已锻炼四周的作者，再需要大约六周的时间就能养成锻炼的好习惯。BEatingprocessedmeatcancausecancer,Worl

dHealthOrganization(WHO)expertssaidMonday.Processedmeatismeatthathasbeenpreservedbycuring,salting,smoking

,dryingorcanning.ExpertsfromtheWHO’sInternationalAgencyforResearchonCancer(IARC)inLyon,France,studied800cases.IARCresearcherslinkedprocessedme

at,suchashotdogsandham,tobowelcancer,aswellaspancreaticcancerandprostatecancer.TheIARChasincludedprocessedmeatinitsgroup1list,

forwhichthereis“sufficientevidence”oflinkstocancer.Tobacco,asbestosanddieselfumesarealsoonthegroup1list.WHOexpertsals

ocalledredmeat,includingbeef,lambandpork,probablycarcinogenic(致癌的)tohumans.Dr.KurtStraifiswiththeIARC.H

esaidinastatementthattheriskofcancerincreaseswiththeamountofmeatapersoneats.Apersonwhoconsumes50gramsofprocessedmeatperd

ay—abouttwopiecesofbacon—increaseshisorherriskofbowelcancerby18percent.Healthexpertsinsomecountriesalreadyadviseagainsteatinglarge

amountsofredandprocessedmeat.Butthoseadvisorieshadbeencenteredontheincreasedrisksofheartdiseaseandobesity.Meatindustrygroupsareprotestin

gtheWHOstudy.Theysaythatmeatispartofabalanceddiet.Theyalsosaythecausesofcancerarebroad,andincludeenv

ironmentalandlifestylefactors.TheWHOreportcitedtheGlobalBurdenofDiseaseproject,whichestimatesthatdietsh

ighinprocessedmeatleadto34，000cancerdeathsperyearworldwide.4．Accordingtothetext,whichofthefollowingdoesnotbelongtoredmeat?A．Pork.B．Chicken.C．Beef.

D．Lamb.B解析：细节理解题。根据第三段中的“WHOexpertsalsocalledredmeat,includingbeef,lambandpork”可知，chicken不属于redmeat。5．InDr.Kurt’sview,whichofthefoll

owingstatementsisTRUE?A．Meatisabsolutelyharmfultopeople’shealth.B．Eatingmeatcancausebowelcancerforsure.C．Apersonwillnotdevelopcan

cerifheorsheconsumeslessthan50gramsofprocessedmeataday.D．Themoreapersoneatsredorprocessedmeat,themorelikelyheistosufferfrombowelcancer

.D解析：细节理解题。根据第四段中的“Hesaidinastatementthattheriskofcancerincreaseswiththeamountofmeatapersoneats.”患癌症的风险伴随着一个人吃肉的数量而增加。即“一个人吃红色肉类或加工过的肉类越多

，患癌症的可能性就越大”。由此可知，正确答案应为D项。6．Themainideaofthelastbutoneparagraphis________．A．meatindustries’protestagainstthestudyofWHOonr

edandprocessedmeatB．redmeatandprocessedmeatareconsideredabalanceddietbysomemeatindustriesC．therearesomeotherfactorscausin

gcancerD．badenvironmentandunhealthylifestylemayresultincancertosomeextentA解析：段落大意题。根据倒数第二段的首句可知，该段主要谈及的是一些肉类加工业对

于世界卫生组织的研究结果表示的抗议。由此可知，正确答案为A项。7．Thebesttitleofthetextmightbe________．A．FactorsCausingCancersB．ANewWHOStudyonMeatC．WHO:RedandProcessedMeatCanCa

useCancerD．MeatIndustry’sProtestAgainsttheStudyonMeatC解析：标题归纳题。综合全文内容可知，全文主要介绍的是世界卫生组织(WHO)的一项研究结果，即“过量食用红色肉类或者加工过的肉

类，人们会得癌症”。C项全面地概括了该主题。CPapercuttingisoneofChina’smostpopularfolkarts.Archaeological(考古学上的)findsshowthatthe

traditionstartedinthe6thcentury;itisevensupposedthatthebeginningofpapercuttingisevenafewcenturiesearlier.Papercutshavespe

cialimportanceatfestivalsandonholidays.Togetridof(摆脱)theoldandbringgoodluck,peopleputuppapercutsonthewindowson

theEveoftheSpringFestival.Papercutsarenotproducedbymachine,butbyhand.TheyaredonealloverChina,butaredifferentinthemethodindifferentar

eas.Therearetwomethodsofmakingpapercuts—byusingscissors(剪刀)orknives.Asthenamesuggests,scissorscuttingsaremadewithscissors.Severalpiecesofpaper

(uptoeightpieces)areplacedtogether.Thepatternsarethencutwithpointedscissors.Knifecuttingsaremadebyputtingseveralpie

cesofpaperonatable.Followingapattern,theartistcutsthepatternsintothepaperwithaknife.Inthepast,papercutswereusuallyma

deonlybywomenandgirls.Theyusedscissorsandpapertocutallkindsofpicturessuchasappletrees,peachblossoms,mice,fightingroosters(公鸡)andrabbitse

atingcarrots.Thisusedtobeoneoftheskillsthateverygirlwastomaster.Professionalpapercuttingartistsare,ontheotherhand,almostalwaysmenwhocanmakealiving

byworkingtogetherinworkshops.【解题导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了中国最为流行的民间艺术之一——剪纸。8．Howlonghaspapercuttinglastedatleast?A．About600years.B．About1，

500years.C．About2，000years.D．About2，700years.B解析：推理判断题。根据第一段可知，考古发现显示剪纸起源于六世纪，甚至有人认为还要早上几个世纪。由此可以推知，剪纸至少有约1500年的历史了。9．Peoplepu

tuppapercutsonthewindowsinorderto________．A．makethemlookmorebeautifulB．showotherstheirexcellentskills

C．bringthemgoodluckinthenewyearD．sellthemontheEveoftheSpringFestivalC解析：细节理解题。根据第二段的第二句Togetridof(摆脱)theoldandbringgoodluck...可

知，人们把剪纸贴在窗户上，是为了摆脱老旧的东西，带来好运。10．Whatdoesthethirdparagraphmainlytellus?A．Twokindsofpapercuts.B．Papercutsaremadebyhand.C．Papercuts

aremadebymachine.D．Theprocessofmakingpapercuts.A解析：段落大意题。通读第三段可知，本段介绍了两种不同的剪纸方法——剪刀剪纸和刻刀剪纸。11．Papercutsareusuallyabout________．A．familymembersofthea

rtistsB．sportsandsocialactivitiesC．fightsbetweenanimalsD．thingsinourdailylifeD解析：推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中的...suchasappletr

ees，peachblossoms，mice，fightingroosters(公鸡)andrabbitseatingcarrots可以推知，剪纸的内容大多是日常生活中常见的事物。Ⅱ书面表达随着电脑普及率的提高，老师、家长和学生对字迹的重视程度降

低了。据一项调查显示，有85.8%的中学生说自己的字迹不好看，而他们又不想改善字迹，其理由也各异。请根据上图写一篇100词左右的英文短文，说明该现象并发表自己的看法。注意：开头已给出，但不计入总词数。Nowadays，withthegrowingpopularityofcomput

ers，teachers，studentsandtheirparentsarepayinglessandlessattentiontohandwriting.__________________________________________________________________

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________________________________________________________________________________Onepossibleversion：Nowadays，withthegrowi

ngpopularityofcomputers，teachers，studentsandtheirparentsarepayinglessandlessattentiontohandwriting.Accordingtoarecentsurvey,about85

.8percentofmiddleschoolstudentsthinkthattheirhandwritingispoor.Yetforvariousreasons,manystudentsdon’twanttoimprovetheirh

andwriting.51.5percentofthestudentsthinkthattheycanjustuseacomputer,sothereisnoneedtowastetimeimprovingtheirhandwriting,and32.3percentbelieve

thattheyaresobusywiththestudythattheyhavenotimetopractice.10.9percentthinkthatpractisinghandwritingisuseless.Therearealso5.3percentforother

reasons.Personally,beautifulandneathandwritingisbeneficial,especiallyformiddleschoolstudents.Therefore,moreemphasissho

uldbeplacedonthisaspectinfuture.获得更多资源请扫码加入享学资源网微信公众号www.xiangxue100.com