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阅读理解解密04猜测词义（分层训练）1.【河北省张家口市部分学校2022-2023学年高三上学期期中】ProfessorSmithwasteachinghisclass.Allthestudentsintheclasswerelisteningtothelecturewithgre

atinterest.Butamongthosestudents,therewasNick,whowassittingquietlyandinabadmood.TheprofessortooknoticeofNickonthefirs

tdaybutdidnotsayanything.Butwhenthiswentonforaweek,hecalledNickinhisofficeaftertheclassandasked,“Youaredepressedallthetime.Whatisthem

atter?”Nicksaidwithsomehesitation,“Sir,somethinghashappenedinmypast,duetowhichIremaintroubled.Idon’tknowwhattodo.”ProfessorcalledNickat

hishouseintheevening.WhenNickarrived,theprofessorwenttothekitchenandstartedmakinglemonade.Hedeliberatelyputmoresaltinthelemonade.Thenhegaveaglassofl

emonadetoNick.AssoonasNicktookasip,duetothetasteofexcesssalt,hismouthbecamesour.Seeingthis,theprofessorasked,“Whathappened?DidyounotliketheLemonad

e?”“Nosir,thisisnotthecase.Justalittleexcesssaltinthedrink.”Nicksaid,“Hey,nowgivemetheglass.Iwillthrowitaway.”Theprofessorreache

douttogetthedrinkfromNick.ButNickrefused,saying,“Nosir,justsaltismore.Ifyouaddmoresugar,thetastewillbefine.”Uponhearingthis,theprofessorbecameserio

usandsaid,“Youareright.Nowsee,thislemonadeislikeyourlife.Justassaltcannotbetakenoutofthelemonade,similarlythosebadexperie

ncesalsocannotbeseparatedfromlife.Butbyaddingmoresugaritcanchangethetasteoflemonade.”Nicknoddedandsmiledinrelief.1．WhydidNickfailtofocuso

ntheclass?A．Hewasdisturbedbythepast.B．Hewastoonervoustoconcentrate.C．ProfessorSmithwastoodemanding.D．T

helecturewasboringandhardtounderstand.2．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“excess”inParagraph3probablymean?A．Rare.B．Toomuch.C．Poisonous.D．Smelly.3．Whichofthe

followingwordscanbestdescribeProfessorSmith?A．Determinedandinspiring.B．Cleverandbrave.C．Wiseandcaring

.D．Generousandlovely.4．WhatcanwelearnfromNick’sstory?A．Letitgoandliveinthepresent.B．Lifewithoutaimislikedri

nkwithoutsalt.C．Nothingismorepleasantthanawarmingword.D．Allthegoodandbadexperiencesareunavoidable.2.【湖

北省宜城一中、枣阳一中等六校2022-2023学年高三上学期期中】BJustastheshinybrochurepromised,fromthemomentIsetfootontheHarvardcampuslastfall,I

wasexposedtoanexcitingandenlighteningnewworld.Iwasbornandraised1,500milesaway,inasmallapartmentinJackson,Mississippi.Iamtheonlyc

hild,somymotheroverpoweredmewithherlove.Forsomeonewhoseessomuchbeautyintheworld,sheworked分层练Aawfullyhar

dtoprotectmefromit.Television,rapmusic,andevenbasketballwiththekidsontheblockwasbeyondconsideration.Itleftmeabitbitt

erasateenager,butIgrewtoappreciateherenormoussacrifices(牺牲)—walkingmetothelibraryeveryafternoon,laboringatmultiplejobsto

keepfoodonthetable,andtellingmestorieslateintothenight.WhenIannouncedthesummerbeforemysenioryearofhighschoolthatIhaddecidedtoapplytoHarvard,Inoticedh

erhesitantlookbeforeawarmsmileenvelopedherface.Ipretendednottosee,butIwasneverabletoforgetit.Itriedtoexplainmyreasonsforwantingtol

eave-toproveIwassmartenough,fearoftakingthepathofleastresistance,theclassicteenagefeelingofbeingtrapped—butthewordsjustmademesoundshallowa

ndungrateful.Nevertheless,Ibegantoworkonthecollegeapplications-anearlyoneforHarvardandroughlyadozenothersstandingb

y.IknewthechanceofgettingintoHarvardwasnotinmyfavor.Tomyjoy,IwasinformedofmyacceptanceintoHarvardthreedaysb

eforemybirthday.Thatnight,afterallofthecelebratorytextsandhugs,Isatinmyroomandbegantocryuncontrollably.Overthecourseofthisyear,Ihavecha

ngedinwaysIneveranticipated.IthinkIknownowwhymymotherletmego.Harvardhasforcedmetogrowandtakeafairlookatthewo

rld,andatmyself.Needlesstosay,Iwouldnottradetheexperienceforanything.1．TheunderlinedwordinParagraph2mostproba

blymeans________.A．madeadifferencetoB．madepeacewithC．tookadvantageofD．tookcontrolof2．Whatwasthemother’sfirstresponsetotheauthor’sdecision?A．Shewaswor

riedaboutit.B．Shelaughedatit.C．Sheapprovedofitimmediately.D．Sheturnedadeafeartoit.3．WhatdidtheauthorsayabouthisadmissiontoHarvard?A．Itdeservedabigce

lebration.B．Itservedasalatebirthdaypresent.C．Itwasbeyondhisexpectations.D．Itwasafavorheowedhismother.4．Whichofthefol

lowingcanbethebesttitleforthetext?A．LifelongLearninginHarvardB．ReflectionsontheRoadtoHarvardC．WhatHarvardMeanstoMyMotheran

dMeD．HowHarvardShapesMyTeenageYears3.【辽宁省葫芦岛市协作校2022-2023学年高三上学期第二次考试】CJewelWhite,a15-year-oldstudent,ga

thersherbooksandsignsherselfoutofaroutinemorningmathclass.Sheisnotleavingschoolfortheday,butisofftotrysomemorechallengingequation

s.ThispracticeisnotuncommonatWestmountSecondarySchoolinHamilton,Ontario,Canada,whereanunconventionallearningapproachi

sprevailing.Westmountisoneoftheeightregularschoolsinthecountrywherestudentsworkattheirownpaceandsettheirow

ndirection,spendingasmuchoraslittletimeastheyneedonsubjects.Teachersactasadvisers.Withtheclassroomteachers’permissio

n,studentscansignoutofaclasstoworkonothermaterialsorwalkintoanotherclasstocatchuponanothersubject.Andeverytwoweekstheymakeplans

fortheirownlearningtime,withsupportfromtheiradviser.Atatimewhenashrinkingstudentpopulationiscausingboardstocloseschools.We

stmountsitsat30percentovercapacitywith1,500students.Itsburstingnumberlededucationofficialstoconsiderexpandingtheprogramtootherlocations

.“Ifstudentsareinterested,wearegoingtodoourbesttoprovidethatsortofprogramming,”saidToddWhite,chairoftheHamilton-WentworthDistrictSch

oolBoard.WhenstudentslikeJewelarenotinaclassroom,theycanusuallybefoundintheschool’slearningcommons,astudyareaforallstud

ents.Thereareteachersavailabletohelp,butgenerallystudentsareworkingontheirownassignmentsorprojects.JewelsaidWestmount’sself

-pacedstylecaughtherattentionwhenshewaslookingathighschools.Westmountisnottheschoolclosetoherhome.Shesaida

telementaryschoolshewouldoftencausetroubleinclassbecauseshewouldcompleteherworkearlyandnothavemuchelsetodo.“Ifindthiskin

dofacademicenvironmentinWestmountisalotbetterforme,”shesaid.“Ilikethethoughtofbeingabletoworkfasterorslowerifneede

d.”1．Whatdoestheword“prevailing”underlinedinparagraphImean?A．Catchingon.B．Givingway.C．Slowingdown.D．Causingtrouble.2．Whichofth

efollowingwordscanbestdescribetheschool’slearningapproach?A．Complexbutfamiliar.B．Flexibleandefficient.C．Traditionalan

dcommon.D．Difficultbutinteresting.3．WhatisToddWhite’sattitudetoWestmount’sstyleoflearning?A．Tolerant.B．Doubtful.C．Positive.D．Un

concerned.4．WhatdidJewelthinkofherelementaryschool?A．Itwasaschoolclosesttoherhome.B．Itprovidedtoomuchhomeworkforstudents

.C．Itslearningatmospherewasnotverysatisfying.D．ItsstudentsdidnotworkasfastasWestmount.4.【河南省TOP20名校2022-2023学年高三上学期12

月调研考】PhineasTBarnumisthebest-knowncircusbusinessownerofthenineteenthcentury.Heexcelledasashowman,andthroughouthiscareerinthee

ntertainmentbusiness,hepromotedmanydifferentformsofattractions.Barnum’sfirstindustrywasasanewspaperowner.He

alsoworkedasawriterandpublisher.Hisenduringfame,however,isasashowman.Barnumconsideredthistobehismaintalentandheneverchangedthisviewof

hischaracter.T.Barnum’sentertainmentinterestscoveredmuseums,travelingdancetroupes(团),andeventhemid-centuryUStourbyJennyLind,theSwedishsin

ger.Hewas,bynature,arisk-taker,andusuallygainedsuccessfromthemostunlikelyenterprises.Barnumwaswillingtoadoptanytacticthatpublicizedhisbusinesses.H

isAmericanMuseuminNewYorkincludedhoaxesandfreaks(恶作剧和怪物),bothhumanandanimal.Thiswasnotunusualbythestandardsofthetime,butevenhefeltthe

needtoprovehishoaxesfair,asadvertisingtricks.Barnum’sunboundedself-confidencemeantheneverdoubtedhisabilitytomakeasuccessofanybusiness.HeopenedAmeri

ca’sfirstaquarium(水馆)andopenedatheaterinNewYorkthatwasthelargestandmostmoderninthecity.Heaimedtochangethepublicknowledgeofth

eaters,andinthis,helargelysucceeded.Hemadetheater-goingrespectable.DeterminationandhardworkfeaturedmajorlyinthequalitiesthatBarnumdisplayed

,andhefrequentlyspokeaboutthenecessityofboth.Hebelievedsuccessonlycametothosewhoworkedforitandknewtheyhadtheself-determinationnecessary.Healsost

atedthenecessityofunderstandingthebusinessthatapersonwasrunning.KnowledgeandexperiencecountedformuchinBarnum’slife,an

dhecertainlyknewtheentertainmentbusiness.Successinlife,accordingtoBarnum,couldonlybeachievedwhenapersonisingoodhealth.Headvisedthatget

tinghealthyandmaintainingahealthybodyandmindwouldleadtohappinessaswellassuccess.1．WhatdidBarnumthinkwashismosts

uccessfulcareer?A．Awriter.B．Apublisher.C．Ashowman.D．Anewspaperowner.2．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“tactic”inparagraph4mean?A．Medi

a.B．Strategy.C．Support.D．Opportunity.3．WhydoestheauthormentionBarnum’ssuccessinopeningtheaquariumandtheater?A．ToshowBarnum’sfir

mbeliefsinhisowncapacity.B．Totelluschancesareimportantforanybusiness.C．Toexplainwhatkindofbusinesswassuccessful.D．Toindicateh

owbadpeople’slifewasatthattime.4．WhichofthefollowingcanbestdescribeBarnumandhisbusiness?A．Eventful.B．Adventurous.C．Unsteady.D．Outstanding.5.【辽

宁省名校联盟2022-2023学年高三12月联考】Itisbecomingmoreapparentnowthatstudentsdomoreonlinelearningthantheyeverhavebefore.Therearep

lentyofwaysthateducatorscanusetechnologytocreateonlinelessonsanddeliverinstructionsremotely.Youmaythinkthattheonlywaytorunanonlineclassissynchronousl

ythroughwebconferences,inthesamewaythatphysicallearningdoes—withallofthestudentsandtheteacherpresentatthesametime.Inmostcases,thatwon’tbev

erypractical,sincetheprobabilitythatallofthelearnersandtheeducatorbeingalltogetherwithlive,stableInternetconnectionsisrelativelylow.Themostcrucial

thingtokeepinmindisthatonlinelearningdoesnotneedtotakeplaceatthesametimeasonlineteaching.YoucreateacourseinyourLMS(LearningManagementSystem)

tobeaseriesofmodules(模块).Thenyouaskyourlearnerstotakethemodulesoneafteranother,becauseeachbuildsonthelast.Eachmodulemaybeavid

eothatyoucreatedregardingthecontent,accompaniedbyaPDF,somerelevantdocumentsandthird-partylinks,etc.Learnerscanlogintothevirtual

classroomwhenevertheywant,evenduringtheearlyhoursofthemorning,toaccesseachmoduleintheorderyouhavedesigned

.Youcanalsolayoutsomeessentialrulesforthecourse,likethefrequencyandtypesofassessmentsandmore.AsfarasI’mconcerned,whilemostofthetim

eonlinelearningsavesthelearningcostandprovidesdiversestudyingmaterialsandinstructionsfromeducators,allowingyourlearnersthefreedomtodotheirco

urseworkaccordingtotheirschedulesiswhatmakesonlinelearningdistinctive.Ithelpsboostengagement,teachyourlearne

rshowtoplanforthemselvesandberesponsible,andimprovetheiroveralllives.1．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“synchronously”inparagraph2pro

bablymean?A．Atthesametime.B．Inthesameplace.C．Onvariousconditions.D．Throughdifferentchannels.2．Whyarelearnerssup

posedtofollowthemodulesinacertainorder?A．Everymodulehasessentialrules.B．Themodulesdealwithvarioustopics.C．Each

moduleisbasedonthepreviousone.D．Themodulesaredesignedindifferentforms.3．Whatmakesonlinelearninguniqueacc

ordingtotheauthor?A．Flexiblelearningtime.B．Easyaccesstoteachers.C．Abundantlearningresources.D．Affordableeducationfee.4．Who

arethetargetreadersofthetext?A．Students.B．Parents.C．Officials.D．Teachers.1.【江苏省决胜新高考2022-2023学年高三上学期12月大联考】Thearrivalofspringhasseemi

nglyunchangeableresults-lengtheningdays,blossomingplantsandagreatincreaseinbees’activity.Butnewresearchfindsthatmanyspeciesofbirdsarene

stingandlayingeggsnearlyamonthearlierthantheydidacenturyago.Thesespecies,includingbluejays,yellowwarblersandfieldsparrows,arenowlayingtheirfi

rsteggs25daysearlier,onaverage,thantheywere100yearsago,theresearchhasfound.Theheatingoftheatmosphere,duetotheburningoffossil

fuels,isseeminglychangingaprocessthatlongappearedunshakeable.Thestudy,publishedintheJournalofAnimalEcology,drewuponrecordsofbirds’eggsgatheredduringa

period,fromabout1880to1920,whenpeoplecouldrampantly(猖獗的)collectthemfromnestswithoutpunishment.Theserecords,la

rgelyconsistingofboxesofeggswithhand-writtenlabelsdescribingthetypeofbird分层练Bandwhentheeggswerecollected,werecomparedwithmodernnestingdatacheckedbyr

esearchers,whousedmirrorsmountedonlongpolestoobservehigh-upnests.Amodelbuiltbytheresearchersrevealedthatbirdsmovingthe

irnestingdatesforwardhasbeencloselycorrelatedwithrisingcarbondioxidelevelsintheatmosphere,aleadingdriver

ofrisingglobaltemperatures.Birdschoosewhentonestinlinewithotherdevelopmentsinspring,suchasthebudding(发芽)ofplantsandtheincreaseininsectnumbers.

Theseinteractionsofnaturearebeingunpickedbyclimatechange—intheUSbearsareemergingfromhibernationearlierandcherry,peach,pear,appleandplumtreesareblosso

mingweeksearlierthantheyoncedid.IntheUK,plantsfloweredafullmonthearlierbetween1987and2019thantheydidbefore1986,recentresearchfoun

d.“Ifyou’reabirdandyounestearlier,youputyourselfatriskofthesecoldsnaps(寒流)thatcanstillarriveinspring,wh

ichthenaffectstheplantsandinsects,”saidBates.“Thatthenimpactsthereproductivesuccessofthebirds.Springsarebecomingmore

volatile(反复无常)andthatistakingitstoll.”1．Whatmightberesponsibleforthebirds’earliernestandlayingeggs?A．Lengtheningspringdays.B．Globalwarming.C．Blossomi

ngplants.D．Theincreaseinbees’activity.2．Howdidtheresearchersgettheirfinding?A．Byreferringtopreviousresearches.B．Bymonitoringbi

rds’behaviour.C．Byinvestigatingbirds’habitats.D．Bycomparingdatafromdifferentperiods.3．WhyarebearsandplantsmentionedinPara.6?A．Toexplainarule.B．To

clarifyaconcept.C．Toproveastatement.D．Tomakeaprediction.4．Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase“takingitstoll”inth

elastparagraphmean?A．Upsettingbalanceofnature.B．Shapinglandscape.C．Receivingattention.D．Causingloss.2.【

江苏省南京市第一中学2022-2023学年高三上学期9月质量检测】DianaGoldenwastwelveyearsoldwhenshehadcancer.Shewaswalkinghomeonedayafterplayinginthesnowwhenherrigh

tlegsimplygaveout.Doctorsdiagnosedtheproblemasbonecancer.Theyrecommendedremovingherlegabovetheknee.WhenDianaheardthenews,sheaskedtheonlyf

irstquestion:“WillIbestillabletoski?”“Whenthedoctorssaidyes,”shelaterrecalled,“Ifigureditwouldn’tbetoobad.”Los

ingalegwouldcausemostchildrentoloseconfidenceandhope,butDianarefusedtodwellonthenegative.“Itisnothing.Abodypart.”she’dsay.

Mostofall,Dianawasnotdiscouraged.Shelovedskiingandshehadbeenonskissincetheageoffive.Aftertheoperation,Dianaworked

hardtogetbacktothemountainnearherhome.“IalwaysskiedandIintendedtokeeponskiing.Ineverdoubtthat.”shedeclared.D

ianamethergoal.Shewasbackoutontheslopes.Withjustoneleg,Dianamadethebestofit.Inhighschool,Dianabecameamemberofherschool’sskiracingteam.A

ndin1979,whenshewasjustseventeen,shejoinedtheUSDisabledSkiTeam.Afterhighschool,DianawentontoDartmouthCol

lege.Determinednottobeleftbehind,DianacontinuedhertrainingwiththeDartmouthteam.“Ihadoneleg,whichmeantIhadtodoitdi

fferently.”shelaterexplained.In1982,Dianaenteredherfirstinternationalskirace.ShewontheworldHandicappedChampionshipinNorway.In1986,DianawontheBeckA

wardgiventothebestAmericanracerininternationalskiing.Andin1988,shewasnamedSkiRacingMagazine’sU.S.FemaleSkieroftheYear.Withhe

rcourageanddetermination,Dianahaschangedhowpeoplelookatdisabledathletes.“Everyonehassomekindofdisability,”Dianasays.“It’swhatwedowithourabilitiestha

tmatters.”In1990,Dianaretiredfromracingforgood.1．Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase“dwellon”probablymeaninparagraph4?A．

Putaway.B．Thinkabout.C．Leavebehind.D．Hangover.2．WhichofthefollowingisthecorrectorderoftheeventshappeningtoDiana?a.

Dianaenteredherfirstinternationalskirace.b.Dianawasdiagnosedwithbonecancer.c.Shepracticedskiingattheageoffive.d.Dianabegant

rainingwiththeDartmouthteam.e.ShebecameamemberoftheUSDisabledSkiTeam.A．bcade.B．cbdae.C．cbeda.D．bceda.3．Thewriterprobablywrotethistextto______

_____.A．informthereadersaboutdisabledskiersB．describetheeventsininternationalskicompetitionsC．tellaboutthedisadvant

agesofbeingadisabledskierD．inspirethereaderswithDiana’scourageandresolution4．Whatwouldbethesuitabletitleofthistext?A．GoforthegoldB．LosealegC．Skitot

helastminuteD．Competeforthedisabled3.【浙江省慈溪市2022-2023学年高三上学期12月适应性考试】Fromcowboyhatsandcattletobarbecuea

ndfootball,Texasisknownformanythings.OnethingtheLoneStarStateisnotknownfor,however,iswinterweather.ThatchangedinFebruarylastyear,whenwinterstor

mburiedTexasiniceandsnow.Itragedforatotalofeightdays,23hours,and23minutes,whichwasoneofthemostimpactfulwintereventsinrecenthis

tory.AccordingtoTexasTVstation,winterstormLandonwassoextremethatitcausedtreesacrossnorthTexasto“explode”,fillinglocalcommunitieswith

boomsthatsoundedmorelikegunshotsthantreebranches.Thephenomenonof“explodingtrees”isn’tasunusualorasterrifyingasitsounds,accordingtoJanet,whosays

treesoftenfreezeandburstasaresultofrapidtemperatureshifts.“Ourwidetemperatureswingsmeanthattreesmayno

tbecompletelydormant(休眠的)orpreparedforthecold,”Janetsaid.“Treeshaveseveralmechanismstheyusetopreventfreezing.Theytakecuestogetadaptedandreadyfo

rthefreeze.”Intreesthataren’tcompletelyinactive,coldweathercausestreesaptofreeze.Whenthathappens,thesapexpandsbeyondwhatthetree’sba

rkcancontain.Andso,thetreesplitsinplacesthatcan’tcopewiththepressure,creatingcracksknownas“frostcracks”.Althoughtreesdonotactuallyexplodeint

opieceswhenfrostcrackshappen,theremaybeloudnoisesandvisiblefractures(折断),andheavybranchescanfalltotheground.“Treesexp

lodeincoldweatherbecausethewatercontentinthecellsandtissuesfreezes,”MacKenziesaid.“Frommidwintertoear

lyspringthiscanoccurwhenthetemperatureswings,snowmeltsandwarmsun,coldnightsworkinharmony.Itisusuallynothingtobet

ooconcernedabout;thetreewillstarttohealjustasquickly.Ihavebeenawakenedmanycoldwinternightshearingthetreesexplode.”1．Whatdoestheund

erlinedword“That”referto?A．TexasisrelatedtoAmericanfootball.B．Texasislittleknownforitswinterweather.C．Texasisasuitableplaceforr

aisingcattle.D．Texashasafamoushistoryofcowboys.2．WhatdoesJanetthinkcausesthetreestoexplode?A．Theoccurrenceo

fthewinterstorm.B．Thefragiletreebranchesinwinter.C．Thesuddenchangeoftemperatures.D．Thetrees’preparationforthecold.3．Whatdoesthefifthparag

raphmainlytalkabout?A．Theeffectofcoldweatheronplants.B．Waystohelptreespreventfreezing.C．Theroleofsapinwinter.D．Thereasonwhytreesexplode.4．W

hatdoesMacKenzieimplyinhiswords?A．Treeexplosionisanaturalphenomenon.B．Meltingsnowcanleadtotreeexplosion.C．Treesmay

explodeeveninwarmnights.D．Peopleshouldbecarefulaboutexplodingtrees.4.【浙江省舟山市2022-2023学年高考首考模拟英语试卷（二）】Ifyou’rereachingforthelastpieceofpi

zzaataparty,andmeanwhileseeanotherhandgoingforit,yournextmoveprobablydependsonhowyoufeelandwhomthehandbelongsto.Your

littlesister—youmightjustgrabthepizza.Yourboss—youprobablywillgiveup.Nowresearchershavemadeprogressinunderstand

inghowmammals’brainencodessocialrankandusesthisinformationtoshapebehaviors—suchaswhethertofightforthelastpizza

slice.Theydiscoveredthatanareaofthebraincalledthemedialprefrontalcortex(mPFC)wasresponsibleforrepresentingsocialrankinmammals;changestoamouse’sm

PFCaffecteditsdominancebehavior.ButitwasunknownhowthemPFCrepresentedthisinformationandwhichneurons(神经元)wereinvolvedinchangingdominancebehaviou

r.Inthenewstudy,ProfessorKayTyeletgroupsoffourmiceshareacage.Somemicebecamemoredominantandothersmoresubordinate.Assoon

asthemicewerepairedup,hediscovered,theactivityoftheirmPFCneuronscouldpredict—with90percentcertainty—therankoftheiropponen

t.“Weexpectedanimalsmightonlysignalrankwhentheyareinacompetition,”saysco-researcherNancy.“Butitturns

outanimalswalkaroundwiththisrepresentationofsocialrankallthetime.”WhentheresearchersnextaskedwhethertheactivityofthemP

FCneuronswasassociatedwithbehaviour,theyfoundsomethingsurprising.Thebrainactivitypatternswerelinkedwithslightchangesinbehaviour,suchash

owfastamousemoved,andtheyalsocouldpredict—afull30secondsbeforethecompetitionstarted—whichmousewouldwinthefoodreward.Thewinnerwa

snotalwaysthemoredominant,buttheoneengagedinawinningmindset.Justasyoumightsometimesbeinamorecompetitivemoodand

bemorelikelytosnatchthatpizzaslicebeforeyourboss,asubordinatemousemightbeinamorewinningmindsetthanamoredominantmouseandendupwinning.The

areasofthemPFCassociatedwithsocialrankandwinningmindsetarenexttooneanotherandhighlyconnected.Signalsonsocialrankimpactthestateofthebraininvolvedi

nwinningmindset.Inotherwords,asubordinatemouse’sconfidenceandwinningmindsetmaypartiallydecreasewhenfacedwithadomin

antone.“Thisisfurtherevidencetosuggestthatweareindifferentbrainstateswhenwearewithotherscomparedtowhenwe’realone,”saysTye.1．W

hatisthepurposeofthefirstparagraph?A．Toprovidebackgroundinformation.B．Tostatetheimportanceofsocialrank.C．Togivereadersanexampleofsoci

alrank.D．Tointroducethetopicofthereadingpassage.2．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“they”inparagraph5referto?A．ThemPFCneurons.B．Theresearchers.C

．Thebrainactivitypatterns.D．Thechangesinbehaviour.3．Whatcanwelearnfromthenewstudy?A．Brainactivitiescaninfluencesocialrank.B．D

ominantopponentsboostwinningmindset.C．Socialrankandwinningmindsetaffectbehaviour.D．Animalsonlyexhibittheirrankincompetition.4．Whatcanweinferfromthe

passage?A．Winningmindsetestablishesdominance.B．Socialrankguidescompetitivebehaviour.C．Asubordinatemousecanneverbeenawinner.D．Awarenessofdifferentpeop

learoundyoumakeyourbrainusedifferentneurons.5.【河南省TOP20名校2022-2023学年高三上学期12月调研考】Thenextbigstage,theimprovementfromautomatictotrulyautonomoustrains

,isalreadyhere.Itwilltaketrainautonomytothenextlevel,beyondtheautomatedperformanceonclosedloops(圈；环)suchasautomaticraillinestodayandon

tothevastexpanseofinternationalrailways.Thatwillmeanthatthenextgenerationoftrainswillbeabletolocatethems

elvesintheirenvironmentandinteractwithothertraintrafficwithouthumanassistance.Theywillhavetheabilitytodetectandmanageontheirownallelements

oftheirenvironment,designedbyaconnectedtrafficmanagementsystem.Thetransitiontowardtrainautonomyisspeeding,saysKaiTaylor,ThalesMarketi

ng&CommunicationsDirectorMainLineRailSignalling,andforareasonthatcanbesummedupinoneword:digitalisation.“Thekeyt

osuccess,”saysKaiTaylor,“isinfactwhatisin‘theThalesDNA’—thedigitaltechnologiesacrossThalesbusinessunits-aerospace,space,transportation,defencean

dsecurity.”“Thesetechnologiesrepresentthepiecesofthepuzzletoachieverealtrainautonomy.Theyareartificialintelligence,bigdata,connectivity,i

ncludingtheinternetofthingslinkingtrainstointelligentrailwayswitches,andwithnetsecuritybuiltin.Wehavesensorsforobstacle(障碍)detectionfro

mThalesdefence,safeandprecisesatellitepositioningfromourspaceandavionics(航空电子设备)division,IoTconnectivityfromourrecentpurchaseGemalto,cybersecurityfro

mtheThalessecuritysectorandthetrustedexplainableandapprovableartificialintelligenceledbyThalesforsafedecisions.Takentogether,theywill

providethetrainwithtrueautonomyforsafeandefficientoperations.”Ofcourse,allthesetechnologiesareatthebaseoftheThalesgroundandair

transportationsector’scurrentofferingsforefficient,safeandreliabletravelintheairorontheground.KaiTaylorexp

lains,“We’reuniqueinhavingtheexperienceandtheexpertiseinallaspectsofmobility,includingThalesgloballeadershipinairandtr

ainmanagementsystemswhichareassuringrailandairtravelforairlinesandrailoperatorsallovertheworld.”1．Whatwillt

rulyautonomoustrainsdo?A．Carryouttheautomatedperformanceonclosedloops.B．Communicatewithothertrainswiththehelpofhu

mans.C．Examineanddealwiththesituationsofthesurroundings.D．Travelautomaticallywithgreatspeedsusingsolarpowers.2．Whatdoestheunderlinedwo

rd“that”inparagraph3mean?A．Theirenvironment.B．Thetransition’speeding.C．Humanassistance.D．Theabilitytolocateth

emselves.3．Whatdoesparagraph5mainlytellus?A．Howdigitalisationworksinrealtrainautonomy.B．Whatsensorsontheauton

omoustrainsdealwithC．Whatwillprovidethetrainwithsafetyandefficiency.D．Howobstaclesareremovedfromthepath

softrains.4．What’sKaiTaylor’sattitudetowardsthefutureofautonomoustrains?A．Cautious.B．Concerned.C．Critical.D．Confident.6.【2

023届四川省资阳市高中高三上学期第一次诊断性考试】EachyearonOctober15,GlobalHandwashingDayisobservedtostrengthenthehealthawarenessandpreventthespreadofinfectiousdiseases.A

ndahand—shapedrobotcalled“Pepe”,whichencourageskidstowashtheirhands,hashelpedpupilsataremoteIndianprimaryschooltodevelophabitsofpersonalhygi

ene(卫生).Pepewasfixedonthewallaboveahand—washingstationatWayanadGovernmentPrimarySchoolinKerala,which

hasabout100pupilsaged5and10.AsmallvideoscreenbehindthegreenplasticPepeactedasa“mouth”,allowingresearc

herstotele—operatetherobottospeaktothepupilsanddrawtheirattentiontotheposteroutliningthestepsofeffectivehand—was

hing.Asetofmoving“eyes”helpedPepepayattentiontothechildren’sactions.Therobothelpedpupilswashtheirhandsmoreeffectively

,increasingtheirratesofhand—washingby40percent.PupilsspenttwiceaslongwashingtheirhandsafterPepe’sarriv

al.Andmorethan95%ofthestudentscouldcorrectlydeterminewhenhand—washingwithsoaphastobedone—beforeamealandafteravisittothetoilet.Hand—washingisoneof

themosteffectivewaysagainstthespreadofdiarrheaandrespiratoryinfections.Dr.AmolDeshmukh,fromtheUniversityofGlasgow’sSchoolofComputingScience,

ledtheprojectinpartnershipwithcolleaguesfromAmritaUniversity.Hesaid,“WeweredelightedbythesuccessofPepe’svisittothisprimary

school.Thechildrenwereexcitedtointeractwiththisrelativelysimplemachine,whichwasclearlygoodforkeepingtheirhandsclean.Dr.BhavanifromAmritaUnivers

itysaid,”AMMACHI(AmritaMultiModalApplicationandComputerHumanInteraction)Labshavetakenmultiplanstoaddresscommonchallenge

sfacinglow—incomeruralcommunitiesinIndiaandworldwideusingtechnology.”1．Whywas“Pepe”fixedatthePrimarySchool?A．Towatchon

pupil’actions.B．Towashchildren’shands.C．Tofreshentheenvironment.D．Todevelopchildren’shealthhabits.2．Howdidthero

botbringchangestothepupils?A．Byplayingwithpupils.B．Byprovidingknowledge.C．Byofferingpupilssoap.D．Bywashingpupils’ha

nds.3．WhatcanyoulearnaboutPepe’svisittotheprimaryschool?A．Itwasafailure.B．Ithadnoeffect.C．Itwasasuccess.D．Itwasawasteoftime.4．Whatdoestheunderli

nedword“address”inthelastparagraphmean?A．dealwith.B．writeaplaceon.C．makeaspeechto.D．speakto.