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阅读理解解密03细节理解（分层训练）1.A【2021·英语全国甲卷】ATakeaview,theLandscape（风景）PhotographeroftheYearAward,wastheideaofC

harlieWaite,oneoftoday'smostrespectedlandscapephotographers.Eachyear,thehighstandardofentrieshasshownthattheAwardsar

etheperfectplatformtoshowcasetheverybestphotographyoftheBritishlandscape.Takeaviewisadesirableannualcompetition

forphotographersfromallcomersoftheUKandbeyond.MikeShepherd(2011)SkiddawinWinterCumbria,EnglandItwasanex

tremelycoldwinter'seveningandfreezingfoghungintheair.Iclimbedtothetopofasmallriseandrealisedthatthemistwaslittlemorethanafewfeetdeep,

andthoughitwasonlyashortclimb,IfoundmyselfcompletelyaboveitandlookingatawonderfullyclearviewofSkiddawwit

hthesumsettinginthewest.Iusedclassicaltechniques,translatedfrommycollegedaysspentinthedarkroomintoPhotoshop,toachievetheblack—and—whiteimage（图

像）.TimothySmith(2014)MacclesfieldForestCheshire,EnglandIwasbackinmyhometownofMacclesfieldtotakesomewinterimages.Walkingupapaththroughtheforesttowards

Shutlingsloe.alocalhighpoint,Icameacrossasmallclearingandimmediatelynoticedthedeadyellowgrassessetagainstthefreshsnow

.ThesmallpineaddedtotheinterestandIplaceditcentrallytotaketheviewfromtheforegroundrightthroughintotheforest.1．Whowouldmostprobablyente

rforTakeaview?A．Writers.B．Photographers.C．Painters.D．Tourists.2．WhatdotheworksbyShepherdandSmithhaveincommon?A．Theyarewin

terimages.B．Theyareinblackandwhite.C．Theyshowmountainousscenes.D．Theyfocusonsnow—coveredforests.【答案】1．B2．A【解析】这是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了摄影比赛Takeaview以及获奖的

相关情况。1．细节理解题。根据第一段“Takeaview,theLandscape(风景）PhotographeroftheYearAward,wastheideaofCharlieWaite,oneoftoday'smostrespectedlands

capephotographers.”（Takeaview，年度风景摄影师奖是CharlieWaite的主意，他是当今最受尊敬的风景摄影师之一）可知摄影师最有可能参加Takeaview。故选B。2．细节理解题。根据Mi

keShepherd部分“Itwasanextremelycoldwinter'seveningandfreezingfoghunginthe分层练Aair.”（那是一个极其寒冷的冬天的晚上，空气中弥漫着冰冷的雾）和TimothySmith部分“Iwasbackin

myhometownofMacclesfieldtotakesomewinterimages.”（我回到我的家乡Macclesfield拍摄一些冬季的照片）可知Shepherd和Smith的作品的共同之处是它们都是冬天的景象。故选A。2.A【2021·全国高考乙卷】

TheBiggestStadiumsintheWorldPeoplehavebeenpouringintostadiumssincethedaysofancientGreece.Inaround80A．D．,theRomansbuiltth

eColosseum,whichremainstheworld’sbestknownstadiumandcontinuestoinformcontemporarydesign.Rome’sColosseumwas157fe

ettallandhad80entrances,seating50,000people.However,thatwassmallfrycomparedwiththecity’sCircusMaximus,whichaccommodatedaround250,000people

.Thesedays,safetyregulations-nottomentionthemodernsportsfan’sdesireforagoodviewandcomfortableseat—tendtoke

epstadiumcapacities（容量）slightlylower.Evensoccerfanstendtohaveaseateach;gonearethedaysofthousandsstandingto

watchthematch.Forthebiggeststadiumsintheworld,wehaveuseddatasuppliedbytheWorldAtlaslistsofar,whichranksthembythe

irstatedpermanentcapacity,aswellasupdatedinformationfromofficialstadiumwebsites.Allthesestadiumsarestillfuntiona1,stillopenands

tillhostingthebiggesteventsinworldsport.·Rungrado1stofMayStadium,PyongyangD．P.R.Korea.Capacity:150,000.Opened:May1,1989.·Mich

iganStadium,AnnArbor,Michigan,U.S.Capacity:107,601.Opened:October1,1927.·BeaverStadium,StateCollege,Pennsylvania,U.S.Capacity:106,572.Opened:Septem

ber17,1960.·OhioStadium,Columbus,Ohio,U.S.Capacity:104,944.Opened:October7,1922.·KyleField,CollegeStation,Texas,U.S.

Capacity:102,512.Opened:September24,1927.1．HowmanypeoplecouldtheCircusMaximushold?A．104,944.B．107,601.C．About150,000.D．About250,000.2．Oft

hefollowingstadiums,whichistheoldest?A．MichiganStadium.B．BeaverStadium.C．OhioStadium.D．KyleField.3．Wh

atdothelistedstadiumshaveincommon?A．Theyhostbiggames.B．Theyhavebecometouristattractions.C．TheywerebuiltbyAmericans.D．Theyarefav

oredbyarchitects.【答案】1．D2．C3．A【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了世界上著名的大型竞技场的基本情况。目前这些竞技场仍在运行并且还在承办大型体育赛事。1．细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句“However,thatwassmallfryco

mparedwiththecity’sCircusMaximus,whichaccommodatedaround250,000people.”(然而，与这座城市容纳了25万人的大竞技场相比，这只是小巫见大巫。)可知，CircusMaximus的可以容纳250,000

人。故选D项。2．细节理解题。根据文章最后部分中的“OhioStadium,Columbus,Ohio,U.S.Capacity:104,944.OpenedOctober7,1922.”(美国俄亥俄州哥伦布市俄亥俄体育场，容纳人数：104,944人。1922年

10月7日开业。)及其他四个著名竞技场的开放时间介绍可知，OhioStadium开放时间最早在1922年，属于年代最久远的。故选C项。3．细节理解题。根据文中“Allthesestadiumsarestillfunctional,stillope

nandstillhostingthebiggesteventsinworldsport.”(所有这些体育场馆仍在使用，仍在开放，仍在举办世界上最大的体育赛事。)可知，这些体育馆都还在承办大型的体育赛事。故选A项。3

.【2020·全国新课标III】AJourneyBackinTimewithScholarsClassicalProvence（13days）JourneythroughthebeautifulcountrysideofProvence，France，withProf.Or

iZ.Soltes.Wewillvisitsomeofthebest-preservedRomanmonumentsintheworld.OurtouralsoincludesachancetowalkinthefootstepsofVanGoghandGauguin.Fieldsoffl

owers,tile-roofed（瓦屋顶）villagesandtastymealsenrichthiswonderfulexperience.SouthernSpain（15days）Spainhaslovelywhitetownsand

thescent（芳香）oforanges，butitisalsoatreasuryofancientremainsincludingthecitiesleftbytheGreeks，RomansandArabs.Aswetra

velsouthfromMadridwithProf.RonaldMessiertohistoricToledo，RomanMeridaandintoAndalucia,weexplorehistoricalmonumentsandarchitectur

e.China’sSacredLandscapes（21days）DiscovertheChinaof“pastages，itswalledcities，templesandmountainscenerywit

hProf.RobertThorp.Highlights（精彩之处）includeChina’smostsacredpeaksatMountTaiandHangzbou’srollinghills，waterwaysandpeacefultemples.Wewillwanderintradit

ionalsmalltownsandendourtourwithanexceptionalmuseuminShanghai.Tunisia（17days）JoinProf.PedarFossonourin-depthTunisiantour.TourhighlightsincludetheRoma

ncityofDougga，theundergroundNumidiancapitalatBullaRegia,RomanSbeitlaandtheremoteareasaroundTataouineandMatmata，uiqueforundergroundcities.Ourjo

urneytakesustopicturesqueBerbervillagesandlovelybeaches.1.WhatcanvisitorsseeinbothClassicalProvenceandSouthernS

pain？A.Historicalmonuments.B.Fieldsofflowers.C.VanGogh’spaintings.D.Greekbuildings.2.WhichcountryisProf.Thorpmostknowledgeableabout？A.France.B.Sp

ain.C.China.D.Tunisia.3.WhichofthefollowinghighlighttheTunisiantour？A.Whitetowns.B.Undergroundcities.C.Tile-roofedvillages.D.Rollinghills.【答案】1.A

2.C3.B【文章大意】本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了四个国家中，那些可以让人们回顾过去的著名景点。1.细节理解题。根据第一部分的Wewillvisitsomeofthebest-preservedRomanmonu

mentsintheworld.(我们将参观一些世界上保存最完好的罗马建筑遗迹)和第二部分的weexplorehistoricalmonumentsandarchitecture.(我们探索历史遗迹和建筑)可知，在ClassicalProvence和SouthernSpain游客

们可以参观历史遗迹。A.Historicalmonuments（历史遗迹）符合以上说法，故选A项。2.推理判断题。根据第三部分的China'sSacredLandscapes(21days)(中华神山21天)和DiscovertheChinaof''pastages'',itswalledciti

es,templesandmountainscenerywithProfRobertThorp.HighlightsincludeChina'smostsacredpeaksatMountTaiandHangzhou

'srollinghills,waterwaysandpeacefultemples(和Robert教授一起发现中国的过去，有墙的城市、寺庙和山景。精彩之处包括中国最神圣的泰山之巅，杭州起伏的群山、运河和宁静的寺庙)可知，去中国的神山之行总共有27天，而且Thorp对中国的名山

非常了解。由此推测Thorp在这四个国家里最了解中国。C.China(中国)符合以上说法，故选C项。3.细节理解题。根据第四部分的TourhighlightsincludetheRomancityofDougga,theundergroundMumidiancapitalatBullaRegi

a,RomanSbeitlaandtheremoteareasaroundTaraounineandMatmata,uniqueforundergroundcities.(突尼斯的旅游亮点包括罗马城市Dougga，地下城市Mumidian,它是BullaRegia的首府，RomanS

beitla以及在Taraounine和Matmata附近的区域，它们是独特的地下城市)可知，突尼斯的旅游亮点是地下城市。A.Undergroundcities(地下城市)符合以上说法，故选A项。4.【2020·全国新课标I】ATrainInformationAll

customerstravellingonTransLinkservicesmustbeinpossessionofavalidticketbeforeboarding.Forticketinformation，pleaseaskatyourlocal

stationorcall131230.WhileQueenslandRailmakeseveryefforttoensuretrainsrunasscheduled，therecanbenoguaranteeofconnectionsbetweentrainsorbetween

trainservicesandbusservices.Lostproperty(失物招领)CallLostPropertyon131617duringbusinesshoursforitemslostonQueenslandR

ailservices.ThelostpropertyofficeisopenMondaytoFriday7:30amto5:00pmandislocated(位于)atRomaStreetstation

.PublicholidaysOnpublicholidays,generallyaSundaytimetableoperates.Oncertainmajoreventdays，i.e.AustraliaDay,

AnzacDay,sportingandculturaldays,specialadditionalservicesmayoperate.ChristmasDayservicesoperatetoaChristmasDaytimetable，Before

travelpleasevisittranslink.com.auorcallTransLinkon131230anytime.CustomersusingmobilitydevicesManystationshavewhee

lchairaccessfromthecarparkorentrancetothestationplatforms.Forassistance,pleaseQueenslandRailon131617.Guardiantra

ins(outbound)DepartOriginDestinationArrive6:42pmAltandiVarsityLakes7:37pm7:29pmCentralVarsityLakes8:52pm8:57pm

FortitudeValleyVarsityLakes9:52pm11:02pmRomaStreetVarsityLakes12:22am1．Whatwouldyoudogettickerinformation?A．Call131617.B．Visittranslink.com

.au.C．Askatthelocalstation.D．Checkthetrainschedule.2．Atwhichstationcanyoufindthelostpropertyoffice?A．Altandi.B．RomaStreet.C．VarsityL

akes.D．FortitudeValley.3．WhichtrainwouldyoutakeifyougofromCentraltoVarsityLakes?A．6:42pm.B．7:29pm.C．

8:57pm.D．11:02pm.【答案】1．C2．B3．B【解析】这是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了一些火车信息，包括失物招领、公共假期安排以及列车出发时间等信息。1．细节理解题。根据第一段中Forticketinformation,pleaseaskyourloc

alstationorcall131230.可知查询车票信息，请向您当地的车站询问或拨打131230。由此可知，你可以询问当地车站或拨打131230来获得车票信息。故选C。2．细节理解题。根据Lostproper

ty部分中ThelostpropertyofficeisopenMondaytoFriday7:30amto5:00pmandislocatedatRomaStreetstation.可知失物招领处周一至周五早上

7:30到下午5:00营业，位于罗马街车站。由此可知，在RomaStreet你可以找到失物招领办公室。故选B。3．细节理解题。根据Guardiantrans部分中信息，可知从起始地Central出发，开往目的

地VarsityLakes的火车是下午7:29开车。由此可知，如果你要从Central去往VarsityLakes，你应当乘坐下午7:29的火车。故选B。5.【2020·全国新课标II】ATheLake

DistrictAttractionsGuideDalemainMansion&HistoricGardensHistory,Culture&Landscape(景观).Discoverandenjoy4centuriesofhistory,5acresofcelebrat

edandaward-winninggardenswithparklandwalk.OwnedbytheHasellfamilysince1679,hometotheInternationalMarmaladeFestival.Giftsandantiques,plan

tsales,museums&MediaevalHallTearoom.Open:29Mar-29Oct，SuntoThurs.Tearoom，Gardens&GiftShop:10.30-17.00(16

.00inOct).House:11.15-16.00(15.00inOct)Town:PooleyBridge&PenrithAbbotHallartGallery&MuseumThoseviewingthequality

ofAbbotHall’stemporaryexhibitionsmaybeforgivenforthinkingtheyareinacitygallery.TheimpressivepermanentcollectionincludesTurn

ersandRomneysandthetemporaryexhibitionprogrammehasCanalettoandtheartistsfromStIves.Open:MontoSatandSummerSundays.10.30-17.00Sum

ner.10.30-16.00Winter.Town:KendalTullieHouseMuseum&ArtGalleryDiscover,exploreandenjoyaward-winningTullieHouse,wherehistoriccollections,c

ontemporaryartandfamilyfunarebroughttogetherinoneimpressivemuseumandartgallery.Therearefourfantasticgall

eriestovisitfromfinearttointeractivefun,sothere’ssomethingforeveryone!Open:HighSeason1Apr–31Oct:MontoSat10.00–17.00,Sun11.00–17.00.LowSeas

on1Nov–31Mar:MontoSat10.00–16.30,Sun12.00–16.30.Town:CarlisleDoveCottage&ThewordsworthMuseumDiscoverW

illiamWordsworth’sinspirationalhome.TakeatourofhisLakelandcottage,walkthroughhishillsidegardenandexploretherichesofthecollectionintheMuseum.

Visittheshopandrelaxinthecafé.Exhibitions,eventsandfamilyactivitiesthroughouttheyear.Open:Daily,09.30–17.30(lastadmission17

.00).Town:Grasmere1．WhenistheHouseatDalemainMansion&HistoricGardensopenonSundaysinJuly?A．09.30-17.30.B．10.30-16.00.C．11.15-16.00.D．12

.00-16.302．WhatcanvisitorsdoatAbbotHallArtGallery&Museum?A．EnjoyRonney’sworks.B．Havesomeinteractivefun.C．Attendafamousfesti

val.D．Learnthehistoryofafamily3．WhereshouldvisitorsgoiftheywanttoexploreWordsworth’slife?A．Penrith.B．Kendal.C．Carlisle.D．Grasmere.【答案】1．C2

．A3．D【解析】本文是应用文。是湖区景点指南，介绍了几个主要的景点的特色，地点和参观时间。1．细节理解题。根据题干中的DalemainMansion&HistoricGardens可知定位在第一部分，根据段中的House:11:15-16:

00可知，在7月周日的参观时间是11:15-16:00。C.11:15-16:00.符合以上说法，故选C项。2．细节理解题。根据题干中的AbbotHallArtGallery&Museum可知答案定位在第二部分，根据其中的Thei

mpressivepermanentcollectionincludesTurnersandRomneysandthetemporaryexhibitionprogrammehasCanalettoandt

heartistsfromStIves.(令人印象深刻的永久性收藏包括特纳和罗姆尼，临时展览计划有卡纳莱托和来自圣艾夫斯的艺术家)可知，在这个博物馆可以欣赏到Romneys的作品。A.EnjoyRomney'sworks.(欣赏Romneys的作品)符合以上说

法，故选A项。3．细节理解题。根据题干中的exploreWordsworth'slife可知答案定位在最后一部分第一句，以及最后一行Town:Grasmere可知，如果想了解Wordsworth's的生活，可以去Grasmere。D.Grasmere.符合以上说法，故选D项。6.

B【2021·英语全国甲卷】PortLympneReserve,whichrunsabreeding(繁育)programme,haswelcomedthearrivalofarareblackrhinocalf(犀牛

幼崽).WhenthetinycreaturearrivedonJanuary31,shebecamethe40thblackrhinotobebornatthereserve.AndofficialsatP

ortLympneweredelightedwiththenewarrival,especiallyasblackrhinosareknownforbeingdifficulttobreedincaptivity(圈养).PaulBe

er,headofrhinosectionatPortLympne,said:“Obviouslywe'reallabsolutelydelightedtowelcomeanothercalftoourblackrhinofamily.She's

healthy,strongandalreadyeagertoplayandexplore.Hermother,Solio,isafirst-timemumandsheisdoingafantasticjob.It'sstillalittletoocoldforthemto

gooutintotheopen,butassoonastheweatherwarmsup,Ihavenodoubtthatthelittleonewillbeoutandaboutexploringandplayingeveryday.”Thea

dorablefemalecalfisthesecondblackrhinobornthisyearatthereserve,butitistooearlytotellifthecalveswillmakegoodcandidatestobereturnedtoprotect

edareasofthewild.ThefirstrhinotobebornatPortLympnearrivedonJanuary5tofirst-timemotherKisimaandweighedabou

t32kg.Hismother,grandmotherandgreatgrandmotherwereallbornatthereserveandstilllivethere.AccordingtotheWorldWildlifeF

und,theglobalblackrhinopopulationhasdroppedaslowas5500,givingtherhinosa“criticallyendangered”status.

1．WhatdoesPaulBeersayaboutthenew-bornrhino?A．Shelovesstayingwithhermother.B．Shedislikesoutdooractivities.C．SheisingoodconditionD．She

issensitivetoheat.2．WhatsimilarexperiencedoSolioandKisimahave?A．TheyhadtheirfirstborninJanuary.B．They

enjoyedexploringnewplacesC．Theylivedwiththeirgrandmothers.D．Theywerebroughttothereserveyoung【答案】1．C2．A【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了在PortLympne保护区的部分黑

犀牛现状。1．细节理解题。通过文章第二段“She'shealthy,strongandalreadyeagertoplayandexplore.(她很健康，很强壮，已经渴望玩耍和探索了)”可知，PaulBeer认为新生的犀牛身体状况很好。故选C项。2．细节理解题。通过文章第一段“Whenth

etinvcreaturearrivedonJanuary31,shebecamethe40thblackrhinotobebornatthereserve.(1月31日，当这头小犀牛来到保护区时，她成为了第40头在保护区出生的黑犀牛)”以及文章倒数第二段“Thefirstrhi

notobebornatPortLympnearrivedonJanuary5tofirst-timemotherKisimaandweighedabout32kg.(1月5日，犀牛妈妈Kisima分娩的第一头小犀牛，同时也是第一个出生在PortLympne，

体重约为32公斤)”可知，Solio和Kisima的第一个孩子都是在一月份出生的。故选A项。7.C【2020·全国I】Racewalkingsharesmanyfitnessbenefitswithrunning,researchshows,whilemostlikelycontributingt

ofewerinjuries.Itdoes,however,haveitsownproblem.Racewalkersareconditionedathletes.Thelongesttrackandfieldeventat

theSummerOlympicsisthe50-kilometerracewalk,whichisaboutfivemileslongerthanthemarathon.Butthesport’srulesrequirethatar

acewalker’skneesstaystraightthroughmostofthelegswingandonefootremainincontact(接触)withthegroundatalltimes.It’sthisstrangef

ormthatmakesracewalkingsuchanattractiveactivity,however,saysJaclynNorberg,anassistantprofessorofexercisescienceatSalemStateUniversityinSa

lem,Mass.Likerunning,racewalkingisphysicallydemanding,shesays,Accordingtomostcalculations,racewalkersmovingatapaceofsixmilesperhourwouldburnabout

800calories(卡路里)perhour,whichisapproximatelytwiceasmanyastheywouldburnwalking,althoughfewerthanrunning,whi

chwouldprobablyburnabout1,000ormorecaloriesperhour.However,racewalkingdoesnotpoundthebodyasmuchasrunningdoes,Dr.Norbergsays.Accordingto

herresearch,runnershitthegroundwithasmuchasfourtimestheirbodyweightperstep,whileracewalkers,whodonotleavethegro

und,createonlyabout1.4timestheirbodyweightwitheachstep.Asaresult,shesays,someoftheinjuriesassociatedwithr

unning,suchasrunner’sknee,areuncommonamongracewalkers.Butthesport’sstrangeformdoesplaceconsiderablestressontheanklesandhips,s

opeoplewithahistoryofsuchinjuriesmightwanttobecautiousinadoptingthesport.Infact,anyonewishingtotryracewalkingshouldpro

bablyfirstconsultacoachorexperiencedracertolearnpropertechnique,shesays.Ittakessomepractice.3061．Whyarerace

walkersconditionedathletes?A．Theymustrunlongdistances.B．Theyarequalifiedforthemarathon.C．Theyhavetofollowspeci

alrules.D．Theyaregoodatswingingtheirlegs.2．Whatadvantagedoesracewalkinghaveoverrunning?A．It’smorepopu

larattheOlympics.B．It’slesschallengingphysically.C．It’smoreeffectiveinbodybuilding.D．It’slesslikelyto

causekneeinjuries.3．WhatisDr.Norberg’ssuggestionforsomeonetryingracewalking?A．Gettingexperts’opinions.B．Havingamedicalcheckup.C．Hiringanexper

iencedcoach.D．Doingregularexercises.【答案】1．C2．D3．A【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了竞走相比跑步有诸多的优势，但是之前受过伤的人，要想从事这样运动要谨慎，最好咨询专家的建议。1．细节理解题。根据第二段“Butthesport’srul

esrequirethataracewalker’skneesstaystraightthroughmostofthelegswingandonefootremainincontactwiththegroundatallti

mes.”可知，但这项运动的规则要求竞走者的膝盖在摆动腿的大部分时间保持伸直，一只脚始终与地面接触。由此可知，竞走运动员是需要具备某些条件的运动员是因为运动员需要遵守特殊的规则。故选C项。2．细节理解题。根据最后一段“Asaresult,shesays,someo

ftheinjuriesassociatedwithrunning,suchasrunner’sknee,areuncommonamongracewalkers.”可知，一些与跑步有关的损伤，比如跑步者的膝盖，在竞走者中并不常见。由此可知，竞走与跑步相比的优势

是不太可能导致膝盖受伤。故选D项。3．细节理解题。根据最后一段Dr.Norberg说的话“Infact,anyonewishingtotryracewalkingshouldprobablyfirstconsultacoachorexperience

dracertolearnpropertechnique(事实上，任何想尝试竞走的人都应该首先咨询教练或有经验的竞走运动员，学习适当的技巧。)”可知，Dr.Norberg建议想尝试竞走的人征询专家的建议。故选A项。8.B【2020·全国新课标II】Someparentswillbuy

anyhigh-techtoyiftheythinkitwillhelptheirchild,butresearcherssaidpuzzleshelpchildrenwithmath-relatedskills.P

sychologistSusanLevine,anexpertonmathematicsdevelopmentinyoungchildrentheUniversityofChicago,foundchildrenwhoplaywithpuzzlesbetwe

enages2and4laterdevelopbetterspatialskills.Puzzleplaywasfoundtobeasignificantpredictorofcognition(认知)aft

ercontrollingfordifferencesinparents’income,educationandtheamountofparenttalk,Levinesaid.Theresearchersanalyzedvideorecordingsof53child-parentpairsd

uringeverydayactivitiesathomeandfoundchildrenwhoplaywithpuzzlesbetween26and46monthsofagehavebetterspatialskillsw

henassessedat54monthsofage.“Thechildrenwhoplayedwithpuzzlesperformedbetterthanthosewhodidnot,ontasksthatassessedt

heirabilitytorotate(旋转)andtranslateshapes,”Levinesaidinastatement.Theparentswereaskedtointeractwiththeirchildrenastheynormallywould,andabouthalf

ofchildreninthestudyplayedwithpuzzlesatonetime.Higher-incomeparentstendedtohavechildrenplaywithpuzzlesm

orefrequently,andbothboysandgirlswhoplayedwithpuzzleshadbetterspatialskills.However,boystendedtoplaywithmorecomplexpuzzlesthangirls,andtheparent

sofboysprovidedmorespatiallanguageandweremoreactiveduringpuzzleplaythanparentsofgirls.ThefindingswerepublishedinthejournalDevelopmentalScience

.2421．Inwhichaspectdochildrenbenefitfrompuzzleplay?A．Buildingconfidence.B．Developingspatialskills.C．Learningself-control.D．Gai

ninghigh-techknowledge.2．WhatdidLevinetakeintoconsiderationwhendesigningherexperiment？A．Parents’age.B．Children’simagination.C．Parents’

education.D．Child-parentrelationship.3．Howdoboydifferfromgirlsinpuzzleplay?A．Theyplaywithpuzzlesmoreoften.B．Theytendtotalkle

ssduringthegame.C．Theyprefertousemorespatiallanguage.D．Theyarelikelytoplaywithtougherpuzzles.【答案】1．B2．C3．D【解析】本文

是说明文。是关于孩子们玩智力游戏的研究，介绍了研究考虑的因素，研究过程和结果。1．细节理解题。根据第二段中…foundchildrenwhoplaywithpuzzlesbetweenages2and4developbetterspati

alskill(在2岁到4岁之间玩智力游戏的儿童在空间能力方面更好)可知，孩子们可以从智力游戏中发展更好的空间技能。B.Developingspatialskills(发展空间能力)符合以上说法，故选B项。

2．细节理解题。根据第二段中Puzzleplaywasfoundtobeasignificantpredictorofcognitionaftercontrollingfordifferenceinparen

ts'income,educationandtheamountofparenttalk,Levinesaid.(Levine说，在控制了不同父母的收入、教育和父母谈话次数后，拼图游戏被发现是一个重要的认知预测)可知Levine在设计这个试验时考虑了父母的收入、教育程

度和父母谈话的次数。C.Parents'education.(父母的教育)符合以上说法，故选C项。3．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中However,boystendedtoplaywithmorecomplexpu

zzlesthangirls,可知男孩比女孩更喜欢玩复杂的谜题，即他们可能会玩难度更大的谜题。D.Theyarelikelytoplaywithtougherpuzzles.(他们有可能玩更复杂的谜题)符合以上说法，故选D项。9.C【2020·全国新课标III】Withtheyoungunab

letoaffordtoleavehomeandtheoldatriskofisolation(孤独),morefamiliesarechoosingtolivetogether.Thedoorwayt

opeaceandquiet,forNickBrightatleast,leadsstraighttohismother-in-law,shelivesonthegroundfloor,whilehelivesupstair

swithhiswifeandtheirtwodaughters.Fouryearsagotheyallmovedintoathree-storeyVictorianhouseinBristol—oneofagrowingnumberofmultigene

rationalfamiliesintheUKlivingtogetherunderthesameroof.Theyshareafrontdoorandawashingmachine,butRitaWhiteheadhasherownkitchen,bathroom,bedroom

andlivingroomonthegroundfloor.“Wefloatedtheideatomymumofsharingatahouse,”saysKathrynWhitehead.Ritacutsin:“WespokemorewithNickbecauseIthinkit’sabigthi

ngforNicktolivewithhismother-in-law.”AndwhatdoesNickthink?“Frommystandpoint,itallseemstoworkverywell.WouldIrecommendit?Yes,

IthinkIwould.”It’shardtotellexactlyhowmanypeopleagreewithhim,butresearchindicatesthatthenumbershavebeenrisingforsometim

e.Officialreportssuggestthatthenumberofhouseholdswiththreegenerationslivingtogetherhadrisenfrom325,000in200

2to419,000in2013.Othervarietiesofmultigenerationalfamilyaremorecommon.Somepeoplelivewiththeirelderlyparents;manymoreadultch

ildrenarereturningtothefamilyhome,iftheyeverleft.Itissaidthatabout20%of25-34-year-oldslivewiththeirparent

s,comparedwith16%in1991.ThetotalnumberofallmultigenerationalhouseholdsinBritainisthoughttobeabout1.8million.Storieslikethataremorecomm

oninpartsoftheworldwheremultigenerationallivingismorefirmlyrooted.InIndia,particularlyoutsidecities,youngwomenareexpectedtomovei

nwiththeirhusband’sfamilywhentheygetmarried.1.WhomainlyusesthegroundfloorintheVictorianhouseinBristol?A.Nick.B.Rita.C.KathrynD.Thedaughters.2.Whati

stheauthor’sstatementaboutmultigenerationalfamilybasedon?A.Familytraditions.B.Financialreports.C.Publishedstatistics.D.Publicopinions.【

答案】1.B2.C【文章大意】本文是一篇新闻报道。短文报道了在英国，由于年轻人负担不起离家的费用，而老年人又面临着被孤立的风险，越来越多的家庭选择住在一起，出现了多世同堂的现象。1.细节理解题。根据第三段“butRitaWhite

headhasherownkitchen,bathroom,bedroomandlivingroomonthegroundfloor.”可知，但Rita在一楼有自己的厨房、浴室、卧室和客厅。由此可知，Rita在布里斯托尔的维多利亚式住宅中使用一楼。故选B项。

2.细节理解题。根据第六段“Officialreportssuggestthatthenumberofhouseholdswiththreegenerationslivingtogetherhadrisen

from325,000in2002to419,000in2013.”官方报告显示，三代同堂的家庭数量从2002年的32.5万户增加到2013年的41.9万户。根据第七段“Itissaidthatabout20%of25-34-year-oldslivewit

htheirparents,comparedwith16%in1991.ThetotalnumberofallmultigenerationalhouseholdsinBritainisthoughttob

eabout1.8million.”可知，据说，25-34岁的年轻人中有20%和父母住在一起，而1991年这一比例为16%。据估计，英国多代同堂的家庭总数约为180万。由此可知，作者关于多世同堂家庭的论述基于发布的统计数据。故选C项。1.【江苏省苏州市常熟市2022-202

3学年高三12月阶段性抽测二】InternetGenealogy(族谱)isyourguidetosuccessfulgenealogyresearchusingtheWorldWideWeb.Wealsorecognize,however,thattheInternetisn’t

necessarilytheonlysourceforresearch,soInternetGenealogywillalsotellyouwhattodoifyoucannotfindtherecordsyouneedandhowtoconf

irmyourfindings.Themagazinealso分层练BcoversadvancedgenealogicalmethodssuchasDNAanalysis,aswellassoftwareandtec

hnologyreviews,casestudies,databasesandotherinternet-relatedfamilyhistorytopics.$27.95Print1year(6issues)$19.95Digital1year(6issues)YourG

enealogyTodayisahow-togenealogymagazine.Peoplewhoaretryingtodiscovertheirfamilyrootsknowthatthereisno“masterplan”thattellsyouh

owtoconductyourresearch.Whilesomeancestrallinescanbetracedbackseveralgenerationswithrelativelylittlee

ffort,otherscanonlybediscoveredafterpainstakingresearch.YourGenealogyTodayrecognizesthattherearehundreds,maybethou

sands,ofdifferentrecordsandmethodsthatmayapplytoyourownresearch.$25.00Print1year(6issues)$17.95Digital1year(6issues

)HistoryMagazineopensawindowonthepast,providingbelievablestoriesabouthowourworldbecametheplaceitistoday.Writtenfro

maNorthAmericanperspective,HistoryMagazine’sarticlesareclear,informativeandinsightfulandcomesupportedbybeautifulimagesandmaps.HistoryMagazinebreat

heslifeintostoriesofthepast,tellingtalesofbothcriticalmomentsandeverydaylifewithpassionandspirit.$24.95Print1year(6issues)$17.95Digital1year(6

issues)1．WhoisInternetGenealogytargetedat?A．Engineerswhoareexpertatsoftware.B．Thosewhoarefondofstoriesoffamilyhisto

ry.C．Thosewhoshowinterestingenealogyresearch.D．ResearcherswhoaredoingDNAanalysis.2．HowmuchwillyoupayforYourGenealogyToday(Digital)fortwoyears?A．$17.9

5.B．$25.00.C．$19.95.D．$35.90.3．WhichofthefollowingcouldbeincludedinHistoryMagazine?A．NorthAfricanperspective.B．Storiesofpastlive

s.C．Studiesoffamilyroots.D．Advancedgenealogicalmethods.【答案】1．C2．D3．B【文章大意】本文是一篇应用文，主要介绍的是三本杂志的相关信息。1．推理判断题。根据InternetGenea

logy部分的“InternetGenealogy(族谱)isyourguidetosuccessfulgenealogyresearchusingtheWorldWideWeb.(InternetGenealogy是您的指南，是运用互联网的成功的家谱

研究)”可知，InternetGenealogy针对的是对家谱研究感兴趣的人。故选C。2．细节理解题。根据YourGenealogyToday部分的“$17.95Digital1year(6issues)(数码$17.95美元1年（6期）)”可知，买YourGenealogyToda

y的数码版两年需要的钱是$17.95*2=35.9。故选D。3．细节理解题。根据HistoryMagazine部分的“HistoryMagazinebreatheslifeintostoriesofthepast,tellingtalesofbothcriticalmomen

tsandeverydaylifewithpassionandspirit.(HistoryMagazine杂志为过去的故事注入生命，以激情和精神讲述关键时刻和日常生活的故事)”可知，前世的故事可以收录在HistoryMa

gazine杂志中。故选B。2.【河南省TOP20名校2022-2023学年高三上学期12月调研考】Belowisalistofactivitiesthatwillgetyouexcitedandaddabitoffunintoyourscheduleatthesam

etime.Ready,set,play!JoinateamsportPlayingsportaspartofateamcanhelpyougetactivewhilemakingfriendsandfeelingpartofyourcommu

nity.Thislistoflinkswillleadyouthroughtosportsclubsandfixturesacrossthestate,oryoucanusetheMyCommunitydirectorytosearchfor

yoursportofchoice.MakedatenightactivenightDatenight(oranytimeyouhangwithlovedonesorfriends)doesn’thavetobespentsitt

inginacinema.Getactiveonyournextdatebygoingbowling,playinglasertagorpaintball,orsinkingballsatminigolf.CatchandkickAny

onewithkidswillknowthatsometimesentertainingthemtakespriorityoverlookingafteryourownhealth.Killtwobirdswithonest

oneandtakethemtotheparktokickafootyorthrowaballbackandforth.Onceeveryone’spractisedtheirkicking,throwingandcatchingskills,takethings

tothenextlevelbyaskingthemtothroworkicklongandmakeyourunforit.TakethestairsAnoldybutagoody,takingthestairsinsteadofalift

isgreatforworkingthemajormusclegroupsinthelegs.Itmightnotseemlikethemostfunoptionforaworkout,butyoucanfitasurprisingamo

untofactivityintoeverydaybytakingthestairswhenevertheyareanoption.Andifyougethooked(喜欢上),youcanevenbecomeacompetitives

tairclimber.1．Whereisthistextprobablytakenfrom?A．Publichealthandwellbeing.B．Researchandreports.C．Newsandevent

s.D．Strategicdirection.2．WhatistheadvantageofJoinateamsport?A．Youhavemoretimeformorningexercise.B．Youhaveabetterwayofcommunication.C．Itisaway

toworkthemajormuscleinlegs.D．Youwillgetanexpertdirectioninthegroup.3．Whichwouldafatherchooseifhewantedtoplaywithhis5—ye

ar—oldson?A．JoinateamsportB．TakethestairsC．CatchandkickD．Makedatenightactivenight【答案】1．A2．B3．C【导语】本文是一篇应用文。介绍了给你

的日程安排增加一点乐趣四项活动。1．推理判断题。根据第一段“Belowisalistofactivitiesthatwillgetyouexcitedandaddabitoffunintoyourscheduleatthesametime.(下面是

一些会让你兴奋的活动，同时给你的日程安排增加一点乐趣。)”可知，全文介绍了四项体育活动，因此应该出现在公共健康栏目。故选A。2．细节理解题。根据第二段“Playingsportaspartofateamcanhelpyougetactivew

hilemakingfriendsandfeelingpartofyourcommunity.(作为团队的一分子参加体育活动可以帮助你在交朋友和感觉自己是社区的一部分的同时变得活跃。)”可知，参加这项活动，除了健身外，还可以交朋友和更好地成为社区一员，因此有助于建立良好

的交流。故选B。3．细节理解题。根据第四段“Anyonewithkidswillknowthatsometimesentertainingthemtakespriorityoverlookingafteryou

rownhealth.(任何有孩子的人都知道，有时娱乐他们比照顾自己的健康更重要。一举两得，带他们去公园踢足球或来回扔球。)”可知，这是适合家长与孩子一起玩的活动。故选C。3.【2023届高三第一次学业质量评价（T8联考）】Leavingourhostelinthecentre

ofPhnomPenh,weclimbinsideoursmallTukTukcabinattachedtothebackofKiwi’smotorbike;abottleofwaterinonehandandasurgeon-stylemaskintheotherwese

toffonour45-minutecommute.Itisafamiliarstarttothedayformeandtwoothervolunteers.Wearesettingouttoworkinanorphanagejust

outsideCambodia’scapitalcity.ThemorningrushhourinPhnomPenhiscrowdedandchaotic.Kiwidirectsourpathbetweenthetrucks,4×4Lexus’andcountlessmotorbikes,

whichoftencarryentirefamilies.Wereachthedustyhighway,masksandsunshadesfirmlyinplacetoprotectoureyesandlu

ngs.Amixtureofconcretebuildingsandhutsexistalongthesideoftheroadamongaseaofrubbish.Theresidentsoftensmileandw

aveaswepassby.Weturnontoafarmtrack.Thelastpartofourjourneyisarollercoaster,jumpingoutofpotholes(路面坑洼)andturningtoavoidfallingoffthesin

kingroad.Wepasshutsonstilts(木桩),skinnycowsandfarmyardswherechildrenjumpandscreamuponseeingus.Thestreamalongthesideofthero

adisalmostbonedryandvegetationisrareacrossthefields.Finallywearriveatourdestination:theoasis(令人快慰的地方)isSamrongFarm.Bythegates,agroupof10-year-

oldchildrencompeteintheareaofmarbles.We’regreetedbytheshoutsof“Cha,cha(shortfor‘teacher’)!”fromseveralotherkidsgatheri

nground.Asweclimboutofourvehicle,thesunisalreadyhotandtheoasisisasdryasthefieldssurroundingit.Insuchconditionsyouwouldimaginelifetobehard,butyouwo

uldn’tknowittoseethewarmsmilesandhearthelaughteroftheresidentsatSamrongOrphanage.ComparedtochildrenintheWesternWorldtheyhavel

ittleandyettheygivesomuchingenerosityofspiritandenthusiasmforeveryday.Despitethejourney,itissogoodtoarriveatworki

nthemorning.1．Wherewastheauthorgoing?A．ToSamrongOrphanage.B．TotheoasisofSamrong.C．TothecapitalofCambodia.D．TothecentreofPhnomPenh.2．Whatwordcanbeus

edtodescribeKiwi?A．Disciplined.B．Confident.C．Devoted.D．Ambitious.3．Whatdidtheyseealongthefarmtrack?A．Drybones.B．Shyc

hildren.C．Almostbarefields.D．Arollercoasterbesideit.4．Whatcanwelearnfromthestory?A．Enthusiasmofthechi

ldren.B．Comfortofridingamotorbike.C．Beautyofworkinginthemorning.D．Pleasureofbeinginadifferentculture.【答案】1．A2．B3．C4．A【文章大意

】本文是一篇记叙文。作者叙述了自己在金边做志愿者的经历，且主要讲的是从他们所住的旅店到他们所工作的孤儿院的一段45分钟旅程的所见所闻。1．细节理解题。根据第一段“Wearesettingouttoworkinanorphanage

justoutsideCambodia’scapitalcity.(我们开始在柬埔寨首都城外的一家孤儿院工作。)”和第四段“Finallywearriveatourdestination:theoasis

(令人快慰的地方)isSamrongFarm.(最后我们到达目的地：令人快慰的地方是桑荣农场。)”及“Insuchconditionsyouwouldimaginelifetobehard,butyouwouldn’tknowittoseethewarmsmilesandhearthel

aughteroftheresidentsatSamrongOrphanage.(在这样的条件下，你会想象生活会很艰难，但你不会知道，会看到SamrongOrphanage居民温暖的笑容，听到他们的笑声)”可知，作者他们去

的地方是桑荣农场孤儿院，SamrongOrphanage。故选A。2．推理判断题。根据第二段“ThemorningrushhourinPhnomPenhiscrowdedandchaotic.Kiwidirectsour

pathbetweenthetrucks,4×4Lexus’andcountlessmotorbikes,whichoftencarryentirefamilies.(金边的早高峰拥挤而混乱。Kiwi在卡车、4×4雷克萨斯和无数摩托车之间指引我们的道路，这些摩托车

通常载着整个家庭。)”可以看出，Kiwi开着嘟嘟车在拥挤的交通中间穿行，毫不畏惧，由此说明Kiwi很自信。故选B。3．细节理解题。根据第三段“Thestreamalongthesideoftheroadisalmostbo

nedryandvegetationisrareacrossthefields.(沿着路边的小溪几乎干涸，田野的植被稀疏。)”可知，沿着农场的路边几乎是光秃秃的田野。故选C。4．推理判断题。根据第四段“Insuchconditionsyouwouldimaginelifetobehard,bu

tyouwouldn’tknowittoseethewarmsmilesandhearthelaughteroftheresidentsatSamrongOrphanage.(在这样的条件下，你能想象到生活会很艰难，但你不会知道，会

看到SamrongOrphanage居民温暖的笑容，听到他们的笑声。)”和最后一段“ComparedtochildrenintheWesternWorldtheyhavelittleandyettheygivesomuc

hingenerosityofspiritandenthusiasmforeveryday.(与西方世界的孩子相比，他们几乎没有什么，但他们每天都在慷慨地奉献精神和热情。)”可知，作者提到孩子们在贫穷的环境中仍然快乐，笑声不断，精神上慷慨富足

，体现出孩子们对待生活的热情。故选A。4.【河南省TOP20名校2022-2023学年高三上学期12月调研考】Recently,researchersatYaledidagroundbreakingstudythatfoundthatpare

ntshadenormouspowertoreducetheirchild’sanxiety,evenifthechilddidn’tdoanythingdifferent.Thestudyinvolved124parentsandtheirc

hildren,aged7to14,whohadbeendiagnosedwithanxietydisorders.Halfthechildrenreceived12weeklysessionsofcognitive(认知的)behaviourtherapy(治疗).Theotherhal

freceivednotherapyatall，buttheirparentsreceived12weeklysessionstoguidethemonhowtorespondtoanxietyintheirchi

ldren.Parenttherapyfocusedonhelpingparentsreducetheiraccommodationbehaviour,whicharethebehaviourthatmakeanxietymorepossible.Thesebehaviourinclude

dparentssupportingavoidance,over-comforting,changingtheenvironmenttoavoidanythingthatmightfuelanxiety,accommodatingobsessive-compulsive(

强迫症)behaviour(eitherbyjoininginormakingwayforthem).Forexample,ifaparentreceivedloadsoftextmessagesadayfromananxiouschild,thatparent

graduallyreducedthenumberoftextmessagesheorshesentbacktotwoorthree.Parentsofchildrenwhowererefusingora

voidingschoolbecauseofanxiety-drivenstomachachesweretaughttorespondwithsomethinglike,“Iknowyouarefeelingupsetright

now,andIknowyouwillbeokay,”beforesendingthechildtoschool.Theresultswereremarkable.Childreninbothgroupsshowedthesamereductioninanxiety,regardlessof

whethertheyortheirparentsreceivedsuggestions.Ontopofthis,therelationshipbetweentheparentandchildwasbetterinthegroupwhereonlythepa

rentsreceivedtherapy.Ifyouhavestoodwithachildduringanxiety,youwouldprobablybewaytooawareofthesenseofhelpl

essnessthatcanswampthem.Whenanxietylaysaheavyhand,itcanunderstandablybetoughforourchildrentoopenuptodoingsomethingdifferent.Whatthisres

earchistellingusisthatwedon’tneedthemto.Evenwithoutinvolvingtheirchildren,parentshaveenormouspowertoreduceanxietyintheirchi

ldrenbychangingthewaytheyrespondtoanxiety.1．Whatarethetwotherapiesintendedfor?A．Oneforchildrenandoneforparents.B．Bothforchildren’scognitive

behaviour.C．Bothforparents’anxietyandbehaviour.D．Bothforchildrenwithanxietyandbaddeeds.2．Whyshouldparentsreducesent-backmessageswhenreceivingsoman

y?A．Toletexpertsgivesomeadvice.B．Toshowtheirignorancetothem.C．Toreducethechildren’sanxiety.D．Togivechildrentoomuchcomfort.3．Whatdoestheresultofthere

searchshowtous?A．Children’swaystodealwithanxietyarevital.B．Parents’properbehaviorsaremoreimportant.C．Children’scognitivebehavior

sshouldbeguided.D．Childrenareshortofexperienceintreatinganxiety.4．Whatshouldaparentdointreatingchildren’sanxiety?A．

Changehimself.B．Giveadvicequickly.C．Takethemtodoctors.D．Getintotheirbehaviors.【答案】1．A2．C3．B4．A【文章大意】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了父母在帮助减少孩子焦虑方面的重要作用。1．细节理解题。根据第二段第二句和

第三句“Halfthechildrenreceived12weeklysessionsofcognitivebehaviourtherapy.Theotherhalfreceivednotherapyatall，buttheirparentsreceived12weeklysessio

nstoguidethemonhowtorespondtoanxietyintheirchildren.(一半的儿童每周接受12次认知行为治疗。另一半人根本没有接受任何治疗，但他们的父母每周接受12次治疗，指导他们如何应对孩子

的焦虑)”可知两种治疗分别针对孩子和父母。故选A项。2．细节理解题。根据第三段的前三句“Parenttherapyfocusedonhelpingparentsreducetheiraccommodationbehavio

ur,whicharethebehaviourthatmakeanxietymorepossible.Thesebehaviourincludedparentssupportingavoidance,over-comf

orting,changingtheenvironmenttoavoidanythingthatmightfuelanxiety,accommodatingobsessive-compulsivebehaviour(eitherbyjoininginorm

akingwayforthem).Forexample,ifaparentreceivedloadsoftextmessagesadayfromananxiouschild,thatparentgraduallyreducedthenumberoftextmessagesheorshes

entbacktotwoorthree.(父母治疗的重点是帮助父母减少他们的迁就行为，这些行为使焦虑更有可能发生。这些行为包括父母支持回避，过度安慰，改变环境以避免任何可能加剧焦虑的事情，包容强迫症行为(要么加入，要么为他们让路)。例如，如果一位家长每天收到来自一个焦虑的孩子的大量短信，

这位家长就会逐渐减少他或她回复的短信数量，减少到2或3条。)”可知，父母减少回复信息的原因是为了要减少父母对孩子的迁就行为，以便于使孩子的焦虑更少（更不太可能）发生。故选C项。3．推理判断题。根据最后一段第三句“Ontopofthis,therelationshipbetweenthep

arentandchildwasbetterinthegroupwhereonlytheparentsreceivedtherapy.(最重要的是，在只有父母接受治疗的小组中，父母和孩子之间的关系更好。)”可知，接受治疗的父母那一组，孩子的情况更好，因

此可以推断，父母的恰当行为对于减少孩子焦虑更重要。故选B项。4．推理判断题。根据最后一段最后一句“Evenwithoutinvolvingtheirchildren,parentshaveenormouspowertore

duceanxietyintheirchildrenbychangingthewaytheyrespondtoanxiety.(即使没有孩子的参与，父母也有巨大的能力通过改变他们应对焦虑的方式来减少孩

子的焦虑)”可知，父母改变自己是关键。故选A项。5.【江苏省镇江南京部分学校九校2022-2023学年高三上学期12月学情调研联考】Examsarenerve-racking,especiallyforthosealreadyofananxiousdisposi

tion.Thesilenceofthehall;thetickingoftheclock;thebeadyeyeoftheinvigilator;thesmugexpressionofthepersonsitti

ngattheneighboringdeskwhohasfinished15minutesearly.Itthereforeseemshardlysurprisingthatthosewhoworryabouttakingtestsdosystemati

callyworsethanthosewhodonot.Whatis,perhapssurprising,accordingtotheresearchpublishedrecentlyinPsychologicalSciencebyMariaTheobadattheLeibnizInstitute

forResearchandInformationinEducationandhercolleagues,isthatitisnotthepressureoftheexamhallwhichcausesthe

problem.Itisthepressureofrevision.WhatDrTheobaldfoundwasthatanxietyonthedayofthetestdidnotpredictexamperforma

nceatall.Whatdidpredictitwasthelevelofknowledgeastudentdisplayedinthemockexamandtheearlierdigitallearn

ingactivities.Thosewhoperformedwellinthesealsodidwellintherealthing,regardlessofhowanxioustheywereontheday.Whatactuallyhamperedstudents,ittur

nedout,werehighlevelsofanxietyduringtheweeksbeforetheexamtookplace.Thegreaterastudent’sanxietyinthedaysbeforetheexamthelowerhisor

herknowledgegainwasduringthatperiod,leavingthatstudentwithlesshelpfulmaterialinmindduringtheexamitself.Andthisisapositivediscovery,foritsuggestsa

changeofapproachtorevisionbytheanxiousmighthelpimprovetheirresults.DrTheobaldnotesthattest-anxietyisatitswors

twhenstudentshavelowexpectationsofsuccessandsimultaneouslyknowthatpassingtheexamisexceedinglyimportant.Toreducethisanxiety

,sheproposesatwofoldstrategyforstudentstoconsiderastheyrevise.Firsttheycanraisetheirbeliefintheirownabilitiesbyr

emindingthemselvesofjusthowmuchtheyknow.Second,theycanweakenthesignificanceofthetestbyremindingthemselvesthat,whileitisimportant,itisnot

alifeordeathsituation.1．Accordingtotheresearch,whichofthefollowingcanhelptopredictastudent’sbadresultsinexams?A．Theexamhal

lissilentduringtheexams.B．Heisverymuchafraidoftheexams.C．Hefeelsgreatpressurefromhisclassmates.D．Hedisplayedlow-levelknowledgegaininhisrevisi

on.2．Astudent’sexamperformancecanbepredictedbasedon____________.A．Thelevelofhisanxietyontheexamday.B．Hisscaleofknowledgeshowninthemocke

xam.C．Hisdigitallearningabilitiesduringtheexam.D．Hisgoodperformanceintherealexam.3．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“hampered”meani

nParagraph4?A．helped.B．encouraged.C．stimulated.D．blocked.4．Whatcanstudentsdotoreducetheirexamanxiety?A．Havemorec

onfidenceintheirabilities.B．Valuetheimportanceofpassingtheexam.C．Havelowexpectationsofsuccess.D．Denythesignificanceofthetext.【答案】1．D2．

B3．D4．A【文章大意】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了焦虑对学生考试产生的影响。1．细节理解题。根据第二段最后一句“Itisthepressureofrevision.”（这就是复习的压力。）以及第三段中“Whatdidpred

ictitwasthelevelofknowledgeastudentdisplayedinthemockexamandtheearlierdigitallearningactivities.”（真正能预测结果的是学生在模拟考试和早期数字学习活动中表现出的知识水平。）可知，根据这项研究，在复习中

获得了较低水平的知识可以帮助预测一个学生在考试中的坏成绩。故选D项。2．细节理解题。根据第三段中“Whatdidpredictitwasthelevelofknowledgeastudentdisplayedinthemockexamandthe

earlierdigitallearningactivities.”（真正能预测结果的是学生在模拟考试和早期数字学习活动中表现出的知识水平。）可知，学生的考试成绩可以根据他在模拟考试中展示的知识水平来预

测。故选B项。3．词句猜测题。根据第四段中“Thegreaterastudent’sanxietyinthedaysbeforetheexamthelowerhisorherknowledgegainwasduringthatperiod,leavingthatstude

ntwithlesshelpfulmaterialinmindduringtheexamitself.”（学生在考试前几天越焦虑，他或她在这段时间获得的知识就越少，在考试期间，学生脑海中有用的材料就越少。）可知

，讲的是考试前几天越焦虑就越阻碍知识的获得，故可猜测划线单词hampered为“阻碍，阻塞”的意思，结合选项D项blocked“阻塞”意思一致。故选D项。4．细节理解题。根据最后一段“Firsttheycanraisetheirbeliefi

ntheirownabilitiesbyremindingthemselvesofjusthowmuchtheyknow.Second,theycanweakenthesignificanceofthetestbyremindingthemselvesthat,whileitisi

mportant,itisnotalifeordeathsituation.”（首先，他们可以通过提醒自己知道多少来提高对自己能力的信心。其次，他们可以通过提醒自己，虽然这很重要，但这不是一个生死攸关的情况，来削弱测试的重要性。）可知，学生们对自己的能力更

有信心可以减轻考试焦虑。故选A项。