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阅读理解解密01主旨要义（分层训练）1.【辽宁省葫芦岛市协作校2022-2023学年高三上学期第二次考试】BDouglasSmith,ngardenerfromHertfordshire.theU.K.,recentlysetanewGuinne

ssWorldRecordforthemosttomatoesgrownonasinglestem(茎),1,269.Upuntillastsummer,therecordforthemosttomatoesgrownonasin

glestemhadstoodunchallengedforoveradecade.ThenEnglishfarmerDouglasSmithsethissightonbreakingit,thinkingthathecouldgrowmore

than488fruitsonssinglestem.Heprovedthatlastyear,whenhemanagedtobreaktheoldrecordbygrowing839tomatoesonagreenhouse-grownplan

t.Itwasquiteanachievement,buthewasonlygettingstarted,asonlyafewweekslaterDouglasSmithbrokehisownrecordbygrowingnolessthan1,269to

matoesonasinglestem.IsDouglasSmithagardeningaddict?Hespendsuptofourhoursadayinhisbackgardentendinghisplants,andhasbeenworkinghardonbe

comingthebestpossiblegardenertheworldhaseverseen.Tomaximizehischancesofsettinganewworldrecord,hereadvariousscientificpapersandeventooksoilsamplestob

etestedinalaboratory.Andintheend,theyallpaidoff.“Iamoverthemoon,”Douglassaid.“Thisyearwasonlymeanttobeanexperimentalyeartoseewhichvarie

tieswouldproducethemostfruitsandwehadtofightwithearlyblight(疫病),whichputpaidtoanumberofothertomatoplants.I’mamazedbyhowmany

tomatoeswereontheplantintheend.”Growing1,269tomatoesonasinglestemisonlyDouglasSmith’slatestachievemen

t.In2020,hegrewa20-foot-tallsunflower,andalsosetanewnationalrecordfortheheaviesttomato,witha3.106kgt

omato.Helikestorunlittleexperimentsonothervegetablesandcrops,andheiscurrentlyexperimentingonpeas,auberginesandpotatoes.1．WhatcanweknowaboutDougl

asSmithfromparagraph2?A．Hebroketheoldrecordtwice.B．Hehadplantedthebesttomatoes.C．Hethoughtbreakingtherecordwaseasy.D．Hehadworkedtobreaktherec

ordforadecade.2．WhichofthefollowingcandescribeDouglasSmithbest?A．Strictandtolerant.B．AttractiveandbraveC．Patientandhard-working

.D．Friendlyandhumorous.3．WhatmaybeachallengeforDouglasSmithtobreaktheoldrecord?A．Alackofmoney.B．Skillshortages.C．Buildingalaboratory.D．Dealingwiththe

blight.4．Whatisthelastparagraphmainlyabout?分层练AA．Therecord’ssignificance.B．DouglasSmith’snextplan.C．Thedetails

abouttheheaviesttomato.D．MoreinformationaboutDouglasSmith’splanting.【答案】1．A2．C3．D4．D【文章大意】这是一篇记叙文。讲述了打破吉尼斯世界纪录的

DouglasSmith种植番茄和其他植物的故事。1．细节理解题。根据第二段最后一句“Itwasquiteanachievement,buthewasonlygettingstarted,asonlyafewweekslaterDouglasSmithbrokehisownrecordbygr

owingnolessthan1,269tomatoesonasinglestem.Heprovedthatlastyear,whenhemanagedtobreaktheoldrecordbygrowing839tomatoesonagreenhouse-grow

nplant.（去年他就证明了这一点，他在温室里种了839个西红柿，打破了以前的纪录。这是一项相当大的成就，但他才刚刚开始，因为仅仅几周后，DouglasSmith就打破了自己的纪录，在一根茎上种出了超过1269个西红柿。）”可知，Douglas

Smith两次打破原先的世界记录。故选A项。2．推理判断题。根据第三段二三句“Hespendsuptofourhoursadayinhisbackgardentendinghisplants,andhasbeenworki

nghardonbecomingthebestpossiblegardenertheworldhaseverseen.Tomaximizehischancesofsettinganewworldrecord,hereadvariousscientificpaper

sandeventooksoilsamplestobetestedinalaboratory.（他每天在后花园里花四个小时打理植物，并一直在努力成为世界上有史以来最好的园丁。最大限度地提高他创造新世界纪录的机会，他阅读了各种科学论文，甚至取了土壤样本

在实验室进行测试。）”可知，愿意花数个小时打理植物，并努力阅读相关论文的DouglasSmith是一个很有耐心很勤奋的人。故选C项。3．推理判断题。根据第四段他说的话“Thisyearwasonlymeanttobeanexperimen

talyeartoseewhichvarietieswouldproducethemostfruitsandwehadtofightwithearlyblight(疫病),whichputpaidtoanumberofothertomatoplants.（今年只是一个试验性的一年，看看哪些品种会结

出最多的果实，我们必须与早期疫病作斗争，这毁掉了许多其他番茄苗。）”可知，导致很多番茄苗被毁掉的疫病是他面临的挑战。故选D项。4．主旨大意题。根据最后一段最后一句“Helikestorunlittleexperimentsonot

hervegetablesandcrops,andheiscurrentlyexperimentingonpeas,auberginesandpotatoes.（他喜欢在其他蔬菜和作物上做一些小实验，目前他正在豌豆、茄子和土豆上做实验。）”，可

知这一段谈及番茄之外其他的一些植物种植情况。故选D项。2.【湖北省宜城一中、枣阳一中等六校2022-2023学年高三上学期期中】BJustastheshinybrochurepromised,from

themomentIsetfootontheHarvardcampuslastfall,Iwasexposedtoanexcitingandenlighteningnewworld.Iwasbornandraised1,500mil

esaway,inasmallapartmentinJackson,Mississippi.Iamtheonlychild,somymotheroverpoweredmewithherlove.Forsomeonewhoseessomuchbeautyintheworld,shewo

rkedawfullyhardtoprotectmefromit.Television,rapmusic,andevenbasketballwiththekidsontheblockwasbeyondconsideration.Itl

eftmeabitbitterasateenager,butIgrewtoappreciateherenormoussacrifices(牺牲)—walkingmetothelibraryeveryafternoon,laboring

atmultiplejobstokeepfoodonthetable,andtellingmestorieslateintothenight.WhenIannouncedthesummerbeforemysenior

yearofhighschoolthatIhaddecidedtoapplytoHarvard,Inoticedherhesitantlookbeforeawarmsmileenvelopedherface.I

pretendednottosee,butIwasneverabletoforgetit.Itriedtoexplainmyreasonsforwantingtoleave-toproveIwassmartenough,fearoftaki

ngthepathofleastresistance,theclassicteenagefeelingofbeingtrapped—butthewordsjustmademesoundshallowandungrateful.Nevertheless,Ibeg

antoworkonthecollegeapplications-anearlyoneforHarvardandroughlyadozenothersstandingby.Iknewthechanceofgett

ingintoHarvardwasnotinmyfavor.Tomyjoy,IwasinformedofmyacceptanceintoHarvardthreedaysbeforemybirthday.Thatnight,afterallofthecelebrat

orytextsandhugs,Isatinmyroomandbegantocryuncontrollably.Overthecourseofthisyear,IhavechangedinwaysIneveranticipated.IthinkIknowno

wwhymymotherletmego.Harvardhasforcedmetogrowandtakeafairlookattheworld,andatmyself.Needlesstosay,Iwouldnottradetheexp

erienceforanything.1．TheunderlinedwordinParagraph2mostprobablymeans________.A．madeadifferencetoB．madepeacewith2．Whatwasthemother’sfirstr

esponsetotheauthor’sdecision?A．Shewasworriedaboutit.B．Shelaughedatit.C．Sheapprovedofitimmediately.D．Sheturnedadeafeartoit.3．Whatdidtheauthors

ayabouthisadmissiontoHarvard?A．Itdeservedabigcelebration.B．Itservedasalatebirthdaypresent.C．Itwasbeyondhisexpectations.D

．Itwasafavorheowedhismother.4．Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleforthetext?A．LifelongLearninginHarvardB．ReflectionsontheRoadtoHarva

rdC．WhatHarvardMeanstoMyMotherandMeD．HowHarvardShapesMyTeenageYears【答案】1．D2．A3．C4．B【文章大意】这是一篇记叙文，文章主要介绍了作者的哈佛求学之路以及自

己的思考。1．词义猜测题。根据第二段画线词后“Forsomeonewhoseessomuchbeautyintheworld,sheworkedawfullyhardtoprotectmefromit.Television,rapmusic,an

devenbasketballwiththekidsontheblockwasbeyondconsideration.(作为一个能看到世界上这么多美好事物的人，她却非常努力地保护我不受它的伤害。看电视、听说唱音乐，甚至和街区里的孩子们一起打篮球都是不可能的)”可推知，母亲对作者的

管教很严格，所以画线词所在句意为“我是独生子，所以我的母亲用她的爱控制了我”，overpowered意为“控制”。故选D。2．细节理解题。根据第三段中“WhenIannouncedthesummerbeforemysenioryearofhighsc

hoolthatIhaddecidedtoapplytoHarvard,Inoticedherhesitantlookbeforeawarmsmileenvelopedherface.(在我升入高三的那个夏天，我告诉母亲我决定申请去哈佛念书，我察觉到母亲脸上那一丝犹豫，尽管那很

快就被温暖的笑容所掩盖)”可知，母亲对作者的决定的第一反应是担心。故选A。3．推理判断题。根据第四段中“IknewthechanceofgettingintoHarvardwasnotinmyfavor.Tomyjoy,Iwasinformedofmyacc

eptanceintoHarvardthreedaysbeforemybirthday.(我知道进入哈佛的胜算并不是我能决定的。令我高兴的是，在我生日的前三天，我被哈佛录取了)”可知，被哈佛大学录取超出了作者的预料。故选C。4．主旨大意题。根据全文内容，结合最后一

段中“Harvardhasforcedmetogrowandtakeafairlookattheworld,andatmyself.Needlesstosay,Iwouldnottradetheexperienceforanything.(哈佛迫使我成长，让我以公正的眼光看待这个世界和我自己。不

用说，我不会拿这段经历换任何东西)”可知，文章主要介绍了作者的哈佛求学之路以及自己的思考。故选B。3.【河南省新乡市2023届高三上学期第一次模拟】DOneofthemostcommonbeliefsamongresearchersisthathumansfir

starrivedinNorthAmerica16,000yearsago.Accordingtoarecentfossildiscovery,thatmightnotbetrue.Thenewfindingsuggeststhathuma

nsmighthavearrivedinNorthAmericafarearlier.In2013,adamagedmammoth(猛犸象)skullandotherbonesthatlooked“deliberate

lybroken”werefound.Thedamagetothebonessuggestedthathumansweretheoneswhocausedittomaketools.Carbon-datinganalysissuggeste

dthepiecesareroughly37,000yearsold.Thisdiscoverycouldshiftourunderstandingofhumans‘earliestexistenceinNorthAmerica.Thesefossilssuggesthumanskil

ledanimalsintheareamuchearlierthan16,000yearsago.Previousresearchledscientiststobelievethefirsthumansthatsettledin

NorthAmericabelongedtotheClovisculture.Thiswasagroupofpeoplewholeftbehindcarefullymadetools16,000yearsago.However,carbon-datinganal

ysisofthemammothbonesindicatesthatthesiteisaround36,250to38,900yearsold.Thatmeansit’stheoldestknownsiteleftbehindbyancienthumansin

NorthAmerica.“That’snottheonlyinterestingthingaboutthediscovery,”saidTimothyRowe,aprofessorattheUniversityofTexas.“Th

esimilarfindingssupportinganearlierdateforhumanarrivalhavebeenmostlyignored.Thisisbecausetheyhavecontradictedpreviousresearch.”Now,howev

er,hethinksthere’sagoodchancethatresearcherswillfindevidenceofhumansfartherbackintime.Theearlyhumansshapedbonesi

ntosharpblades,whichwereusedtotakeapartanimals’remains,accordingtoRowe.Therearealsosignsthattheycookedth

eanimalbonesoverafiretomeltoffthefat.“Therealevidencethatwehavehastodowiththebreakagepatterns,andhowthor

oughtheyare.Theymusthaveusedrocksorhammerstonestobusttheskeletonapart...Thesepeoplewouldusewhatevertheycould,”RowetoldUSAToday.1．Whatcanbelearnt

abouttheearliesthumansinNorthAmerica?A．Theyarrivedthere16,000yearsago.B．Theycausedmammothtodisappear.C．

TheybelongedtotheClovisculture.D．Theycouldmaketoolswithbones.2．Whyarethefindingssimilartothenewoneignored?A．Theylackagoodchance.

B．Theyfailtodrawattention.C．Theydisagreewithearlierresearch.D．Theyaren’tstudiedscientifically.3．HowdoesRowefindthenewdiscovery?A．Inspiri

ng.B．Annoying.C．Puzzling.D．Embarrassing.4．Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A．TheEarliestHumans’SettlinginNorthAmericaB．EvidenceofEarlierHuman

s’ArrivalinNorthAmericaC．TheEarliestToolMakersinNorthAmericaD．ResearchonMammothsinNorthAmerica【答案】1．D2．C3．A4．B【文章大意】

本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍一项新的研究表明人类远早于16000年前就到达了北美。1．细节理解题。根据第二段的“Thedamagetothebonessuggestedthathumansweretheoneswhocausedittomaketools.(骨头上的损伤表明是人类制造的工

具造成的)”可知，北美洲最早的人类可以用骨头制作工具。故选D。2．细节理解题。根据第四段的“Thesimilarfindingssupportinganearlierdateforhumanarrivalhavebeenmostlyignored.Thisisbecausetheyhave

contradictedpreviousresearch.(支持人类更早到达的类似发现大多被忽视了。这是因为它们与之前的研究相矛盾)”可知，与新发现相似的早期发现被忽略是因为与早期研究相矛盾。故选C。3．推理判断题。根据第五段“Now,however,hethinksth

ere’sagoodchancethatresearcherswillfindevidenceofhumansfartherbackintime.(然而，现在他认为研究人员很有可能找到更早以前人类存在的证据)”可知，Rowe认

为新的研究很有可能帮助研究人员找到更早以前人类存在的证据。由此推知，Rowe认为这个发现是鼓舞人心的。故选A。4．主旨大意题。根据文章的主要内容，尤其第一段“Oneofthemostcommonbeliefsamongresearchersisthathumansfirs

tarrivedinNorthAmerica16,000yearsago.Accordingtoarecentfossildiscovery,thatmightnotbetrue.Thenewfindingsuggeststhathumansmighthavearrive

dinNorthAmericafarearlier.(研究人员最普遍的观点之一是，人类在16000年前首次到达北美。根据最近的化石发现，这可能不是真的。这项新发现表明，人类可能更早到达北美)”和第二段的“Thisdiscoverycouldshiftourunderstandi

ngofhumans‘earliestexistenceinNorthAmerica.Thesefossilssuggesthumanskilledanimalsintheareamuchearlierthan16,000year

sago.(这一发现可能会改变我们对人类最早在北美存在的理解。这些化石表明，早在一万六千年前，人类就在该地区捕杀动物)”可知，本文主要介绍新的研究表明人类远早于16000年前就到达了北美。B项“早期人类到达北美的证据”可以作为本文最佳标题。故选B。4.【河北省唐山

市部分学校2022-2023学年高三上学期12月月考】CTheuniverseisincrediblyvast.Thediameter(直径)oftheobservableuniverseisestimate

dtobeabout93billionlightyearsacross.Withjustoureyes,wecangenerallyonlyseeafewthousandlightyearsworthofdistancethoughtherearesomeob

jectswecanseethataremuchfurtheraway.ThefarthestobjectwecanseewithoureyesisAndromedaGalaxy(仙女座星系)located2.5millionlig

htyearsaway,andyetitisonlyvisibleifthereislittlelightpollution.Inordertoseefartherintospace,wemustrelyontelescope

s.Howfarcanweseeusingthemostpowerfultelescopes?TheHubbleSpaceTelescope(HST)wastherecordholderforthefarthe

stvisibledistanceinspaceuntilthelaunchoftheJamesWebbSpaceTelescope(JWST)in2021.JWSTisnowthemostpowerfultelescopeeverbuilt,anditisabl

etoseetheuniverseasitwasonly200millionyearsaftertheBigBang.ThatmeansthatJWSTisabletopiecetogetheranadditional300millionyearso

funiversalhistorycomparedtoHST.JWSTwillbeabletostudysomeofthefirstgalaxiestoformaftertheBigBang.Thefarthestphysicaldistancewe

canseeistheCosmicMicrowaveBackgroundRadiation(CMBR).CMBRcanbethoughtofastheecho(回声)oftheBigBangasitistheleftoverradiationfromthebirt

hoftheuniverse.TheCMBRitselfisthefarthestpossibledistancehumanscanseeasitrepresentsthemomentthattheuniversebecametransparenttolight.Althoughligh

tdidexistbeforeCMBR,gasanddustweresimplytoodenseforlighttocrossspace.CMBRformedonly380,000yearsaftert

heBigBang,andsoweareseeingtheuniversepriortotheformationofeventhefirststars.1．WhydoestheauthormentionAndromedaGalaxy?A．Topre

senttheoriginoftheuniverse.B．Tostresstheseverityofspacepollution.C．Toshowthelimitedrangeofhumanvision.D．Toprovehumans'wonderfulviewofspace.

2．WhatdoweknowaboutJWST?A．Itwaslaunchedin2022.B．ItismoreadvancedthanHST.C．Itcansee300millionyearsaftertheBigBang.D．Itwasusedtostudytheformation

ofthefirstgalaxies.3．Whatdoestheunderlinedword"dense"inthelastparagraphmean?A．Distant.B．Rare.C．Tiny.D．Thick.4．Whatisthebesttitleforthete

xt?A．HowFarCanHumansSeeInSpace?B．HowWillJWSTBeApplied?C．HowWillHumansExploreSpace?D．HowFarCanJWSTSee?【答案】1．C2．B3．D4．A【文章大意】本文是

一篇说明文。讲述了我们用肉眼观察到的宇宙范围十分有限，但是在太空望远镜的帮助下可以看到大爆炸后形成的第一批星系。1．目的意图题。根据文章第一段中“Withjustoureyes,wecangenerall

yonlyseeafewthousandlightyearsworthofdistance.(仅凭我们的眼睛，我们通常只能看到几千光年的距离。)”以及“Inordertoseefartherintospace,w

emustrelyontelescopes.Howfarcanweseeusingthemostpowerfultelescopes?(为了看得更远的太空，我们必须依靠望远镜。使用最强大的望远镜，我们能看到多远

?)”可知，作者提到仙女座星系是想表达肉眼可见范围十分有限，故选C。2．细节理解题。根据文章第二段“TheHubbleSpaceTelescope(HST)wastherecordholderforthefarthestvisibledistanceins

paceuntilthelaunchoftheJamesWebbSpaceTelescope(JWST)in2021.(在2021年詹姆斯·韦伯太空望远镜（JWST）发射之前，哈勃太空望远镜（HST）一直是太空最远可见距离

的纪录保持者。)”及“ThatmeansthatJWSTisabletopiecetogetheranadditional300millionyearsofuniversalhistorycomparedtoHST.JWSTwil

lbeabletostudysomeofthefirstgalaxiestoformaftertheBigBang.(这意味着与HST相比，JWST能够再拼凑3亿年的普世历史。)”可知，JWST(詹姆斯·韦伯太空望远镜)比HS

T(哈勃太空望远镜)更先进可以观测到更远的范围，故选B。3．词义猜测题。根据第三段中“AlthoughlightdidexistbeforeCMBR,gasanddustweresimplytoodenseforlighttocrossspace(虽然光在宇宙微波背景辐射之前就已经

存在，但气体和尘埃的密度太大，光无法穿过空间。)”以及结合光无法穿过空间可知，是因为气体和尘埃的原因，光无法穿过的可能性是气体和尘埃密度太大，故选D。4．标题判断题。根据第一段最后一句“Howfarcanweseeusing

themostpowerfultelescopes?(使用最强大的望远镜，我们能看到多远)”及各段大意，文章第一段主要讲述了肉眼可见最远距离，第二段讲述了新的詹姆斯·韦伯太空望远镜的优势，第三段讲述了我们能看到的最远物理距离。可知，文章主要

讲述了人类可观测到的最远距离，故选A。1.【辽宁省葫芦岛市协作校2022-2023学年高三上学期第二次考试】CThesedays,there’sagreenversionofjustabouteverything.Therearecarsthatrunonelectricityanda

lternativefuels,housesthatarepoweredbysolarenergyandwindfarmsseeminglypoppinguponeveryopenspacefromCalifor

niatocoastalJapan.Evendrones(无人机)ategettinginontheaction.Theunmannedairvehiclesarealsobeingputtoenvironmentalusesa

roundtheglobe.Theeyeintheskythattheyprovidehelpsresearchersbetterunderstandwhat’sgoingonwiththenaturalworldinwh

ichwelive.Forenvironmentalistsandearthscientists,theflyingmachinescanbesentwayupintheairtorecordsweep

ingfootageofalargeareatotracktheimpactofthingslikeclimatechange,migrationandtheactsofcuttingdownandburn

ingforesttrees,whichcanbedonewithouthavingtobuyahelicopter,rentaplaneortapeavideocameratoabird.Sure,there’spl

entyofsatellitefootagealreadyoutthere,butdronesletresearchersaccuratelypositionthedatasetthattheywantt

ogetaquicker,closerlookattheareathatthey’relookingtomonitor.In2013,forexample,theNationalAeronauticsandSpaceAdministration(NASA)s

entadroneintotheTurrialbaVolcanoinCostaRicatogatherdataaboutitsemissions.Thetemperature,ashheightandgasconcentrationinformationcollectedduringthe分层

练Bmissionhelpedearthscientistsdeterminewhichwaythevolcanicandpotentiallypoisonousgaseruptingfromthevolcanowasmovingandtakestepstolimititsenviro

nmentalimpact.Similarly,Arcticresearchersareusingdronestohelpstudytemperaturechangeandthemeltingofglaciers.Theyusedronesequipped

withinfrared(红外线的)camerastosweepintoplacesthattheymayotherwisenotbeabletoreachtomonitorandcollectdataonthemeltingice.Thesameflying

machinesmayalsoeventuallybeusedtotransportotherdatacollectiontoolsintothewild.1．Howdoestheauthorleadinthetopicofthetext?A．Bygiv

ingexamples.B．Bylistingdata.C．Bydrawingadistinction.D．Bymakingassumptions.2．Whatmainlymakesdronesusedtobet

terwatchnature?A．Thehighsafety.B．Thehugespace.C．Therecoverycapabilityafterdamage.D．Theabilitytocollectdat

aatahighaltitude.3．Whatdothelasttwoparagraphsmainlytellusaboutdrones?A．Theirproductionsteps.B．Theirpracticalfunctions.C．Theirpotentia

limpactsontheatmosphere.D．Theirdatasetformotoringtheenvironment.4．Whichisasuitabletitleforthetext?A．Drones:Poisonou

sB．Drones:Eco-friendlyC．Drones:LimitedD．Drones:Adaptable【答案】1．A2．D3．B4．B【文章大意】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了无人机在环境保护方面的应用。1．推

理判断题。根据第一段中“Thesedays,there’sagreenversionofjustabouteverything.Therearecarsthatrunonelectricityandalternativefuels,hou

sesthatarepoweredbysolarenergyandwindfarmsseeminglypoppinguponeveryopenspacefromCaliforniatocoastalJapan.Evendrones(无人机)ategettinginonthe

action.”（现在，几乎所有东西都有绿色版本。从加利福尼亚到日本沿海的每个开放空间似乎都出现了使用电力和替代燃料的汽车、太阳能驱动的房屋和风力发电场。就连无人机也加入了行动。）可知，本段中作者列举了生活中随处可见的环保行文

：电动汽车代替燃料汽车，太阳能驱动的房屋和风力发电场，引入了本文的话题。故选A。2．细节理解题。根据第二段“Theeyeintheskythattheyprovidehelpsresearchersbetterunderstandwhat’sgoingonwith

thenaturalworldinwhichwelive.Forenvironmentalistsandearthscientists.theflyingmachinescanbesentwayupintheairtorecordsweep

ingfootageofalargeareatotracktheimpactofthingslikeclimatechange,migrationandtheactsofcuttingdownandburningforesttrees,whichcanbedone

withouthavingtobuyahelicopter,rentaplaneortapeavideocameratoabird”(它们提供的空中眼睛帮助研究人员更好地了解我们生活的自然世界正在发生什么。对于环境学家和地球科学家来说，这些飞行器可以被送到空中去记录大片区域的

影像来追踪气候变化，迁徙以及砍伐和焚烧森林树木的行为，这些都不需要购买直升机，租用飞机或者给鸟类装摄像机。）可知，使用无人机可以帮助研究人员更好地了解我们生活的自然世界正在发生什么，可以在空中实现影像采集，追踪气候变化，动物迁徙以及人类对森林的破坏行为。故选D

。3．主旨大意题。根据倒数第二段中“dronesletresearchersaccuratelypositionthedatasetthattheywanttogetaquicker,closerlookatt

heareathatthey’relookingtomonitor.”（无人机可以让研究人员精确定位数据集，他们希望得到一个更快，更近距离地观察他们要监视的区域。）讲述了无人机能实现的功能。最后一段中“Similarly,Arcticresearchersareusingdronestohelps

tudytemperaturechangeandthemeltingofglaciers.”（同样，北极研究人员正在使用无人机帮助研究气温变化和冰川融化。)具体说明了无人机在研究气温变化和冰川融化方面的

帮助作用。所以两段主要说明了无人机的实际生活中的运用。故选B。4．主旨大意题。通读全文，结合文章第一段中“Thesedays,there’sagreenversionofjustabouteverything.”（现在，几乎所有东西都有绿色版本。）“Theunmanneda

irvehiclesarealsobeingputtoenvironmentalusesaroundtheglobe.”（无人驾驶飞行器也正在全球范围内用于环境保护。）同时根据本段中的举例，引出了文章的话题：无人机在环境保护方面的应用。第二

段提到了无人机可用于观测自然的原因，最后两段阐述了无人机的实际应用。所以本文的标题应为：用于环境保护的无人机。选项B与文意相符，故选B。2.【湖北省宜城一中、枣阳一中等六校2022-2023学年高三上学期期中】CNearly10millionpeopleworldwidelivewithParki

nson’sdisease.WhileParkinson’sisincurable,someofitsworstsymptomscanberelievedandcontrolledusingmedications.Amajorproblemofge

ttingeffectivetreatmentattherighttimeisidentifyingthediseasesoonenough,beforepatientsexperiencethesymptomsbroughto

nbyirreversible(不可逆转的)neuronloss.Butscientistsmighthavejustthethingtochangethesituation.Anditinvolvesanose.InastudypublishedinthejournalACS

Omega,researchersfromChina’sZhejiangUniversitycreatedan“e-nose,”aportabledevicethatcandetectbodysmellsspecifi

ctoParkinson’spatients.ItmaycomeasasurprisetolearnParkinson’spatientshavetheirownsmells.Butafteraretirednursei

nScotlandmadeheadlinesin2015foraheightenedsenseofsmellthatledtoherownhusband’sParkinson’sdiagnosis,scientist

shavebeentryinghardtocreateadevicethatcouldsmellthediseasebeforephysicalsymptomsstarttoshow.Overthey

ears,scientistshavefoundpeoplewithParkinson’stendtoproducemoresebum(皮脂)thantheaverageperson.Thissebu

mmixeswithotheroverproducedsubstancestoproducecertain,uniquesmells.Totrackdownthesesmells,theZhejiangUniversityresearchersswa

bbed(用拭子擦拭)theupperbacksof31Parkinson’spatientsand32healthyvolunteers.Usingmachine-learningsoftware,theywereabletoidentifyth

reesmellcompoundsthathealthyvolunteerslacked.Theresearchersthentestedthee-noseonsebumtakenfrom12Parkinson’spatientsand12healthypeople.Thede

vicewasfoundtobeabout71percentaccurateindistinguishinghealthysebumfromParkinson’ssebum.Theseareencouragingfindings,butbef

orethee-noseisreadyforclinicaluse,theteamneedstotestitonmanymorepeopletoimprovetheaccuracyofthemodels

.Theywillalsoneedtotestwhetherfactorslikeraceaffectthee-nose’sperformanceinanyway.Butfornow,asthenumberofpeoplelivingw

ithParkinson’sintheU.S.isexpectedtoriseto1.2millionby2030,anosemightbethebestoptiontodetectthisdisease.1．What

makesitdifficultforParkinson’spatientstogeteffectivetreatment?A．Itsmedicationsareinshortsupply.B．Itinvolvesirreversibleneuronloss.C．Itsea

rlysignsarenoteasytonotice.D．It’snotacurablediseasemedically.2．WhatdidtheScottishnursefind?A．Herhusband’sbodygaveoffastran

gesmell.B．Herhusbandhadaheightenedsenseofsmell.C．Asmellcausedherhusbandtosufferfromadisease.D．Asmellcouldr

elieveherhusband’sParkinson’ssymptoms.3．Whatwilltheresearchersdoconcerningtheirinvention?A．Putitintoclinicaluse.B．Conductabroader

test.C．Createmorelabmodels.D．ExpanditsmarketoutsidetheU.S.4．Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?A．Thise-nosecansmellParkinson’sB

．Parkinson’spatientsproducemoresebumC．PeoplelivingwithParkinson’sareontheriseD．ResearchershavefoundtreatmentforParkinso

n’s【答案】1．C2．A3．B4．A【文章大意】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲的是患有帕金森病的患者在获得有效的救治之前往往很难发现早期的症状，针对于这个问题研究人员研发出了一种可以检测出患者在身体症状出现之前的特有气味的便

携式设备——“电子鼻”。1．推理判断题。根据文章第一段“Amajorproblemofgettingeffectivetreatmentattherighttimeisidentifyingthediseasesoo

nenough,beforepatientsexperiencethesymptomsbroughtonbyirreversible(不可逆转的)neuronloss.(在正确的时间获得有效治疗的一个主要问题是，在患者经历不可逆的神经元损失带来的症状之前，尽快确定疾病。)”可知只有尽快确

定疾病，帕金森患者才能在正确的时间里得到有效的救治，所以可以推断出早期症状的难以发现使帕金森患者得到有效救治变得困难。故选C项。2．细节理解题。根据文章第三段“ButafteraretirednurseinScotlandmadeheadlinesin2015foraheightenedsens

eofsmellthatledtoherownhusband’sParkinson’sdiagnosis(但2015年，苏格兰一名退休护士因为她敏锐的嗅觉帮助其丈夫被诊断出帕金森病而上了头条。)”可知这名苏格兰退休护士发现她丈

夫的身体发出一种特殊的气味。故选A项。3．细节理解题。根据文章最后一段“Theseareencouragingfindings,butbeforethee-noseisreadyforclinicaluse,theteamneedstotestitonmanymorepeopletoimpro

vetheaccuracyofthemodels.Theywillalsoneedtotestwhetherfactorslikeraceaffectthee-nose’sperformanceinanyway.(这些都是令人鼓舞的发

现，但在电子鼻投入临床使用之前，研究小组还需要在更多的人身上进行测试，以提高模型的准确性。他们还需要测试种族等因素是否会以任何方式影响电子鼻的性能。)”可知为了提高模型的准确性，在电子鼻投入临床使用之前，研究小组还需要进行更广泛的

测试。故选B项。4．主旨大意题。文章第一段主要讲的是电子鼻出现的背景——帕金森病人在得到正确救治之前很难发现其症状，第二、三、四和五段主要围绕着电子鼻的研发，测试及功效展开，最后一段“Theseareencouragingfindings,butbeforethee-noseisrea

dyforclinicaluse,theteamneedstotestitonmanymorepeopletoimprovetheaccuracyofthemodels.Theywillalsoneedtot

estwhetherfactorslikeraceaffectthee-nose’sperformanceinanyway.Butfornow,asthenumberofpeoplelivingwithParkinson’sintheU.S.isexpectedtoriseto1.2millio

nby2030,anosemightbethebestoptiontodetectthisdisease.(这些都是令人鼓舞的发现，但在电子鼻投入临床使用之前，研究小组还需要在更多的人身上进行测试，以提高模型的准确性。他们还需要测试种族等因素是否会以任何方式影响电子鼻的性能。但

目前，美国帕金森患者的数量预计将上升到120万。到2030年，电子鼻可能是检测这种疾病的最佳选择。)”向我们展示了电子鼻的使用前景，对全文进行总结。纵观全文，文章都是在围绕着一种能够测出帕金森患者身上特

有气味的电子鼻展开，所以A项Thise-nosecansmellParkinson’s作为文章的标题最为合适。故选A项。3.【河北省张家口市部分学校2022-2023学年高三上学期期中】DWhenAnika

PurivisitedIndiawithherfamilyfouryearsago,shewassurprisedtocomeacrossamarketinBombayfilledwithrowsofivoryjewelry(象牙饰品)andstatue

s.Globally,ivorytradehasbeenillegalformorethan30years,andelephanthuntinghasbeenprohibitedinIndiasincethe1970s.“Iwasquiteshocked,

”the17-year-oldfromNewYork,recalls,“Becausepoaching(偷猎)isillegal,howcomeitisstillsuchabigissue?”Curious,Purid

idsomeresearchanddiscoveredashockingstatistic:Africa’sforestelephantpopulationhaddeclinedbyabout62percentbetween2002and2011.

Yearslater,thenumberscontinuedtodrop.Puri,awildlifelover,wantedtodosomethingtohelpprotectthespeciesandothersstillthreatenedbypoaching.Overtheco

urseoftwoyears,PuricreatedEISa,alow-costproductofamachinelearning-drivensoftwarethatanalyzesmovementpatternsinthermalinfrared(热红外)vid

eosofhumansandelephants.Purisaysthesoftwareisfourtimesmoreaccuratethanexistingstate-of-the-artdetectionmethods.Italsoeliminatesth

eneedforexpensivehigh-definitionthermalcameras,whichcancostthousands,shesays.EISausesa$250FLIRONEProthermalcamerawith20

6*156resolutionthatplugsintoanoff-the-shelfiPhone6.ThecameraandiPhonearethenattachedtoadrone(无人机),andthesystemproducesreal-timeinferen

cesasitfliesoverparksastowhetherobjectsbelowarehumansorelephants.ItspotentialimpactonsocietyearnedherthePeggyScrippsAwardforScienceCommunication.“Res

earchisn’tastraightline,”Purisays.“Itmakesmeresourceful.Ithelpsmedevelopintoamorecreativethinker.”1．WhatinspiredAnikaPuritomakethe

invention?A．OnestudytriptoBombay.B．Thedeeppassionforlaw.C．OnevisitinIndia.D．Herloveforivory.2．HowdoestheauthorexplainthesituationofAfrica’sforeste

lephant?A．Bylistingfigures.B．Bymakingcomparison.C．Byshowinganexample.D．Byreferringtosomeformerstudies.3．What’sther

esearchlikeinAnikaPuri’seyes?A．It’stoughandcan’treachthegoal.B．It’sbeneficialtoone’sdevelopment.C．Itreallyr

equiresavarietyofresources.D．Itshouldbefurtherdevelopedbecauseoftheneed.4．Whatmaybethebesttitleofthetext?A．PoachingIsaSho

ckingProblemB．DronesWereAppliedtotheBanonPoachingC．AFantasticDiscoveryWasEventuallyMadebyaBrilliantTeenagerD．ATeenagerInventedaLow-CostTooltoSpot

ElephantPoachersinRealTime【答案】1．C2．A3．B4．D【文章大意】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了主人公AnikaPuri在与家人外出旅行中偶然间发现盗猎大象的现象，于是她通过观察和研究，发明了EISa软件来帮助保护大象。1．细节理解题。

根据第一段中“WhenAnikaPurivisitedIndiawithherfamilyfouryearsago,shewassurprisedtocomeacrossamarketinBombayfilledwithrowsofivoryjewelry(象牙饰品)andstatue

s.Globally,ivorytradehasbeenillegalformorethan30years,andelephanthuntinghasbeenprohibitedinIndiasincethe1970s.(四年前，当A

nikaPuri和家人一起访问印度时，她惊讶地发现孟买的一个市场里摆满了成排的象牙珠宝和雕像。在全球范围内，象牙贸易30多年来一直是非法的，自20世纪70年代以来，印度就禁止猎杀大象。)”以及第三段中“Pur

i,awildlifelover,wantedtodosomethingtohelpprotectthespeciesandothersstillthreatenedbypoaching.(AnikaPuri是一名野生动物爱好者，她想做点什么来帮助保护这

些物种和其他仍然受到偷猎威胁的物种。)”可知，当AnikaPuri和家人一起访问印度时，发现了市场里摆满了成排的象牙珠宝和雕像，由此激发了她要做点什么来保护大象。故选C。2．推理判断题。根据第三段中“Curious,Purididsomeresearchanddiscoveredashockin

gstatistic:Africa’sforestelephantpopulationhaddeclinedbyabout62percentbetween2002and2011.Yearslater,thenumb

erscontinuedtodrop.(出于好奇，Puri做了一些研究，发现了一个令人震惊的统计数据：2002年至2011年间，非洲森林象的数量下降了约62%。多年后，这一数字继续下降。)”可知，作者通过列举数字的方式介绍了非洲

森林象的情况。故选A。3．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Purisays.“Itmakesmeresourceful.Ithelpsmedevelopintoamorecreativethinker.”(Puri说“这让我足智多谋。它帮助我成长为一个更有创造力的思考者。”)

”可知，在Puri看来，研究让她变得足智多谋，让她成长为一个更有创造力的思考者，即科学研究对一个人的发展是有益的。故选B。4．主旨大意题。通读全文，文章讲述了主人公AnikaPuri在与家人外出旅行中偶然间

发现盗猎大象的现象，于是她通过观察和研究，发明了EISa软件来帮助保护大象的故事。故D选项“ATeenagerInventedaLow-CostTooltoSpotElephantPoachersinRealTime(一名青少年发明了一种低成本的工具，可以实时发现大象偷猎者)”概括全

文，适合文章标题。故选D。4.【安徽省皖北五校2022-2023学年高三上学期第一次联考】Inrecentyears,wehavealwaysseendifferentkindsofnewenergyv

ehiclesontheroadfrequently,butdoyouknowanythingaboutthem?Inthe21stcentury,withtheincreasingshortageofresourcessuchasoilandnaturalgas,

theissueofnon-renewableresourceshasbecomeamajorconcern.Thetraditionalindustryusesmostlyoilasafuel,andthecarbondioxideproducedbyburningoil

hurtstheair.Thevehicleemissions(排放)contributetoglobalwarmingandotherpoisonousgasescauseseriousairpollution.Inr

esponsetotheproblemofvehiclepollution,countriesandregionsworldwidearesettingincreasinglystrictstandardsforvehicleemissions.Tocopewith

theincreasingseverityofvehicleemissionstandards,themajorcarmanufacturers(制造商)arenowmainlyadoptingmethodstoimprovethetechnolo

gyrelatedtotheenginesofconventionalenergyvehicles.Althoughthishasimprovedthequalityofemissions,itwillbeinc

reasinglydifficulttoupgradethetechnology.Atthispoint,thedevelopmentofnewenergyvehicleshasbecomeanewoptionformanufacturers,astheproductionanduse

ofnewenergyvehicleswillfundamentallysolvetheproblemofvehicleemissions.Therefore,thedevelopmentofnewenergy

vehiclesareanecessityandageneraltrend.Newenergyvehiclesareproposedasopposedtotraditionalvehicles,whicharemai

nlyfuelledbypetrol.Anewenergyvehicleisatypeofvehiclethatrunsoncleanenergysources,usingnewenergysourcesasthefuelcommonlyus

edtopowerthecarandprovidethedriveenergyforthevehicle.Newenergyvehiclescanbedividedintoseveralcategories,such-aspureelectricvehicles,fuelcelle

lectricvehicles,hybrid(混合动力)vehicles,andsoon.Inaddition,newenergyvehicleshavetheadvantageoflowenergyconsumptionandlow-

carbonenvironmentalprotection.However,althoughnewenergyvehiclesfollowtheconceptofsustainabledevelopment,therearestillmanyproblems

andchallengesinthedevelopmentofnewenergyvehicleresearchandproduction.Forinstance,manyissuesrequirespecialisttechn

iciansandsolutions,andfurtherbreakthroughsareneededinkeytechnologyareas.Inaddition,theefficiencyofnewenergyuseneedstobefurtherimproved,makingitdif

ficulttoformanindustrial-scaleoperationinashortperiod.1．Whatdoesusingnon-renewableresourcesinvite?A．Harmtotheplanet.B．Low-carbo

nlife.C．Lessairpollution.D．Shortageofwater.2．Whichcanbestagreewiththeconceptofsustainabledevelopment?A．Improvingenergyefficiencyoftraditionalresou

rces.B．Replacingtheenginesofconventionalenergyvehicles.C．Innovatingvehiclesrelatedtorenewableresources.D．Manufacturingmorecarsandloweringtheirpri

ces.3．Whatdoesthefourthparagraphtalkaboutconcerningthenewenergyvehicles?A．Thesource,fuelandadvantage.B．Thedefinition,fuelandprotection.C．Thesource

,categoryandconformation,D．Thedefinition,categoryandadvantage.4．Whatisexpectedofnewenergyvehicles?A．Theysho

uldbereplaced.B．Furtherexploringinneeded.C．Itisunnecessarytoimprove.D．Theycallfornomoreenergy.【答案】1．A2．C3．D4．B【文章大意】这是一篇说明文。文章主要阐述因传统能源危机及其

使用过程中产生的危害促使人类开始对可再生资源和新能源汽车的开发和利用。1．细节理解题。根据第二段的“Inthe21stcentury,withtheincreasingshortageofresourcessuchasoilandnaturalgas

,theissueofnon-renewableresourceshasbecomeamajorconcern.Thetraditionalindustryusesmostlyoilasafuel,andthecarbondioxideproducedbyburning

oilhurtstheair.”（在21世纪，随着石油、天然气等资源的日益短缺，不可再生资源的问题已成为一个主要问题。传统工业主要使用石油作为燃料，燃烧石油产生的二氧化碳对空气有害）可知，传统的非再生资源会对地球造成伤害。故选A项。2．细

节理解题。根据第三段的“Atthispoint,thedevelopmentofnewenergyvehicleshasbecomeanewoptionformanufacturers,astheprodu

ctionanduseofnewenergyvehicleswillfundamentallysolvetheproblemofvehicleemissions.Therefore,thedevelopmentofnewenergyvehiclesareanecessityandag

eneraltrend.”（此时，新能源汽车的生产和使用将从根本上解决汽车排放问题，发展新能源汽车成为厂商的新选择。因此，发展新能源汽车是必然和大势所趋）和最后一段的“However,althoughne

wenergyvehiclesfollowtheconceptofsustainabledevelopment(虽然新能源汽车遵循可持续发展的理念)”可知，开发可再生资源的车辆最符合可持续发展理念。故选C项。3．主旨大意题。根据第四段中“Anewenergyvehicleisa

typeofvehiclethatrunsoncleanenergysources,usingnewenergysourcesasthefuelcommonlyusedtopowerthecarandprovidethedriveenergyforthevehicle.Newenergyv

ehiclescanbedividedintoseveralcategories,such-aspureelectricvehicles,fuelcellelectricvehicles,hybrid(混合动力)vehicles,andsoon.Inaddition,new

energyvehicleshavetheadvantageoflowenergyconsumptionandlow-carbonenvironmentalprotection.”（新能源汽车是一种使用清洁能源的汽车，使用新能源作为汽车常用的

燃料，为汽车提供驱动能量。新能源汽车可以分为几类，如纯电动汽车、燃料电池电动汽车、混合动力汽车等。此外，新能源汽车具有低能耗、低碳环保的优势。）可知，本段是从definition,category,advantage（定义、类别及优势）三个方面来

阐述的新能源汽车。故选D项。4．推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“However,althoughnewenergyvehiclesfollowtheconceptofsustainabledevelopment,therearestillmanyproble

msandchallengesinthedevelopmentofnewenergyvehicleresearchandproduction.Forinstance,manyissuesrequirespecialisttechnic

iansandsolutions,andfurtherbreakthroughsareneededinkeytechnologyareas.Inaddition,theefficiencyofnewenergyuseneedst

obefurtherimproved,makingitdifficulttoformanindustrial-scaleoperationinashortperiod.”（然而，新能源汽车虽然遵循可持续发展的

理念，但在新能源汽车研发和生产的发展中仍存在许多问题和挑战。例如，许多问题需要专门的技术人员和解决方案，关键技术领域需要进一步突破。此外，新能源利用效率有待进一步提高，难以在短时间内形成工业规模经营）推知，新能源汽车目前虽然取得了一定的成就，但仍然需要进一步探索和研究。故选B项。5.【2023

届青海省西宁市高三上学期一模】Israeliresearcherssaytheyhaveinventedareusablefacemaskthatcankillthecoronaviruswithheatbydrawingpowerfromamo

bilephonecharger.Thedisinfecting(消毒)processtakesabouthalfanhour—andusersshouldnotwearthemaskwhileitispluggedin,saidProfessorYairEin-Eli,w

holedtheresearchteamatTechnionUniversityinHaifa.ThenewmaskhasaUSBportthatconnectstoapowersourcesuchasastandardcell-phonechargerthatheatsaninne

rlayerofcarbonfibresto70degreesCelsius,highenoughtokillviruses.Ein-Elisaiddisposablemaskswerenoteconomicallyorenvironmentallyfriendly.“Youh

avetomakeitreusableandfriendly,andthisisoursolution,”hesaid.ProfessorAllonMoses,aninfectiousdiseasesexpertatJerusalem’sHadassahMedicalCenter,saidt

herewas“noquestion”thatahalfhour’sexposureto70-degrceheatwouldkillthecoronavirus.Buthecautionedthatrepeatedheatingcould“da

magethemask’spaperorfabricandspoilitsabilitytoprotectfromdiseasesinthefuture”.Duringtesting,theprototypewasexposedto20heatingcycles,eachforhalfanhou

r,withnoimpactondurability,Ein-Elisaid.“Wecanguaranteeituptoafewdozencycles,withoutanyrisk,”headded.TheprototypclookslikeastandardN95fa

cemask,withavalve(阀)atthefrontandbandstoholditinplacearoundthehead.Theresearcherssubmitted(递交)apatentforthemaskintheUnitedState

sinlateMarchandsaytheyarediscussingcommercializingtheproductwiththeprivatesector.1．Howlongdoesthedisinfecti

ngprocessusuallytake?A．Around20minutes.B．Around30minutes.C．Around60minutes.D．Around70minutes.2．WhydoIsraeliresearchersinventanewfacemask?A．Tokill

virusesthoroughly.B．Tospreadanovelidea.C．Toreplacethetraditionalones.D．Tomakereusableandfriendlyones.3．WhatwasAllonMoses’concernac

cordingtothetext?A．Thereusablefacemaskscouldbeunhealthy.B．70-degreeheatwouldhurtpeopleinaway.C．Thecostofreus

ablefacemasksmightbehigh.D．Thefunctionofmasktopreventdiseasecouldbeaffected.4．What’sthebesttitleforthetext?A．AMaskforCuringtheCoronavir

usB．TheLatestStyleoftheStandardN95C．AKindofMaskKillingViruseswithHeatD．TheCheapestMaskInsteadoftheStandardN95【答案】1．B2．D

3．D4．C【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了以色列理工学院的科研人员近日研发出新型的充电口罩，这种口罩通过充电加热杀死口罩上的病毒。而且这种新型充电口罩既经济又环保。1．细节理解题。根据第二段第一句中的“Thedisinfecting(消毒)pro

cesstakesabouthalfanhour...(消毒过程耗时大约30分钟)”可知，口罩消毒过程大约花费半小时。故选B。2．细节理解题。根据第三段“Ein-Elisaiddisposablemaskswerenoteconomicallyorenvi

ronmentallyfriendly.“Youhavetomakeitreusableandfriendly,andthisisoursolution,”hesaid.(恩伊莱说，一次性口罩既不经济也不环保。

他说:“你必须让它可重复使用且友好，这就是我们的解决方案。”)”可知，科学家们发明这种新口罩，是为了让它们既经济又环保。故选D。3．细节理解题。根据第四段最后一句“Buthecautionedthatrepeatedhe

atingcould‘damagethemask’spaperorfabricandspoilitsabilitytoprotectfromdiseasesinthefuture’.(但他警告说，反复加热可能会“损坏口罩的纸张或面料，并破坏其未来抵御疾病的能力”)”可知，阿龙·摩西

教授担心的是反复加热对口罩预防疾病功能的破坏。故选D。4．主旨大意题。根据第一段“Israeliresearcherssaytheyhaveinventedareusablefacemaskthatcankillthecoronaviruswithheatbydrawingpowerfromam

obilephonecharger.(以色列研究人员称，他们已经发明了一种可重复使用的口罩，可以通过从手机充电器充电来加热杀死冠状病毒)”并结合下文内容可知，文章主要围绕这种可通过充电加热杀死病毒的新口罩展开介绍。C项“一种发热的杀菌口罩”作为文章标题最佳。故选C。