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练习4单句语法填空＋阅读理解授课提示：对应学生用书8页Ⅰ.单句语法填空(定语从句和状语从句)1．Themeetingwillbeputofftillnextweek,atime________mostofourclientswillhavebeenbackfromabroad.答案与解析：when

句意为：会议将被推迟到下周，那时我们的大部分客户就已从国外回来了。设空处引导定语从句，先行词为atime，关系词在从句中作时间状语，所以应用关系副词when。故填when。2．[2024·湖南长郡中学检测]Th

ereason________hewaslateforworkwas________hemissedthebusbyoneminutethismorning.答案与解析：why;that句意为：他上班迟到的原因是今天早晨晚了一分钟，错过了公共汽车。第一空应用关系副词why引导定语从句，修饰先行词r

eason，第二空应用that引导表语从句。故填why;that。3．[2024·河北深州中学期末]Withatotallengthof4，000metersandawidthof75meters,oneofitsrunwaysisa4Frunway—thehighe

stlevelintheinternationalaviationindustry,________largecivilaircraftlikeanAirbusA380cantakeoffandland.答案与解析：where句意为：它其中的一条跑道总长4000米

，宽75米，是国际航空业中等级最高的4F跑道，像空客A380这样的大型民用飞机，可以在这里起飞和降落。分析句子结构可知，设空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是runway，关系词在定语从句中作地点状语，故填where。4．WheneverIr

eadtheoldletters,________wasfairlyoften,sweetmemorieswarmedmyheart.答案与解析：which分析句子可知，________wasfairlyoften是个非限制性定语从句，修饰前面的整个句子，系动词was前缺

少主语，故填which。5．Withalovingcharacter,Tomissuchakindandhelpfulperson________wecannotpraisetoomuch.答案与解析：as分析句子可知，定语

从句中，动词praise后缺少宾语，且先行词akindandhelpfulperson前有such修饰，故用as来引导该定语从句。6．Itisthefamilyphotohungonthewallthatalwaysremindsmethatfamilyi

stheplace________Ishouldtrymybesttotakecareof.答案与解析：which/that分析句子结构可知，动词短语takecareof后缺少宾语，且先行词为theplace，故用which或that来引导该定语从句。7．Asfa

rasIamconcerned，youthisaperiod________weshouldstudyhardandmakeourselveswellpreparedforthefuture.答案与解析：when分析句子结构可知，空处引导定语从句修饰先

行词aperiod，且在从句中作时间状语，故用when。就我而言，青春是我们应该努力学习并且让我们自己为未来做好充分准备的时期。8．Young________sheis,shehastraveledtomanycountriestoputonshows.答案与

解析：as/though分析句子结构可知，as/though在此引导用了倒装形式的让步状语从句，表示“尽管”。9．Theyoungcouple,whoreturnedmylostwallet,left________Icouldaskfortheirnames.答案与解析：before那对年

轻的夫妇归还了我丢失的钱包，在我还没有问他们的名字之前他们就离开了。根据句子的意思，空处表示“在……之前”，故填before。10．Tosuchadegreewasheexcited________hecouldn'tsleeplastn

ight.答案与解析：that分析句子结构可知，此处为such...that...“如此……以至于……”引导的结果状语从句，故填that。Ⅱ.阅读理解A2023·新课标Ⅰ卷记叙文320词★★★☆☆WhenJohnToddwasachild,helovedtoexp

lorethewoodsaroundhishouse,observinghownaturesolvedproblems.Adirtystream,forexample,oftenbecameclearafterflowingthroughplan

tsandalongrockswheretinycreatureslived.Whenhegotolder,Johnstartedtowonderifthisprocesscouldbeusedtocleanupthemessespeo

pleweremaking.Afterstudyingagriculture,medicine,andfisheriesincollege,Johnwentbacktoobservingnatureandaskingquestions.Whycancertainplantst

rapharmfulbacteria(细菌)?Whichkindsoffishcaneatcancer­causingchemicals?Withtherightcombinationofanimalsandplants,hefigu

red,maybehecouldcleanupwastethewaynaturedid.Hedecidedtobuildwhathewouldlatercallaneco­machine.ThetaskJohnsetforhimselfwastoremoveharmfulsub

stancesfromsomesludge(污泥).First,heconstructedaseriesofclearfiberglasstanksconnectedtoeachother.Thenhewentaroundtolocalpondsandstreamsandbroughtb

acksomeplantsandanimals.Heplacedtheminthetanksandwaited.Littlebylittle,thesedifferentkindsoflifegotusedtooneanotheran

dformedtheirownecosystem.Afterafewweeks,Johnaddedthesludge.Hewasamazedattheresults.Theplantsandanimalsintheeco­machinetookthesludgeasfoodandbeg

antoeatit!Withinweeks,ithadallbeendigested,andallthatwasleftwaspurewater.Overtheyears,Johnhastakenonmanybigjobs.

Hedevelopedagreenhouse­likefacilitythattreatedsewage(污水)from1，600homesinSouthBurlington.Healsodesignedaneco­machinetocleancanalwaterinFuzhou,acit

yinsoutheastChina.“Ecologicaldesign”isthenameJohngivestowhathedoes.“LifeonEarthiskindofaboxofsparepartsforthei

nventor，”hesays.“Youputorganismsinnewrelationshipsandobservewhat'shappening.Thenyouletthesenewsystemsdeveloptheirown

waystoself­repair.”【语篇解读】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了JohnTodd从小就很爱思考且好学，他建造了一个生态机器，利用大自然可以自我修复的原理来净化污水。1．WhatcanwelearnaboutJohnfromthefirsttwoparagrap

hs?A．Hewasfondoftraveling.B．Heenjoyedbeingalone.C．Hehadaninquiringmind.D．Helongedtobeadoctor.答案与解析：C细节理解题。根据第一段“WhenJohnTod

dwasachild,helovedtoexplorethewoodsaroundhishouse,observinghownaturesolvedproblems.Adirtystream,forexample,oftenbecameclearaf

terflowingthroughplantsandalongrockswheretinycreatureslived.Whenhegotolder,Johnstartedtowonderifthisprocess

couldbeusedtocleanupthemessespeopleweremaking.(当约翰·托德还是个孩子的时候，他喜欢探索房子周围的树林，观察大自然是如何解决问题的。例如，一条肮脏的小溪流经植物和微小生物居住的岩石后，往往会变得

清澈。长大后，约翰开始想知道这个过程是否可以用来清理人们制造的垃圾)”以及第二段“Afterstudyingagriculture,medicine,andfisheriesincollege,Johnwentbacktoobservingnatur

eandaskingquestions.Whycancertainplantstrapharmfulbacteria(细菌)?Whichkindsoffishcaneatcancer­causingchemicals?(在大学

学习了农业、医学和渔业之后，约翰回到了观察自然和提出问题的生活中。为什么某些植物能捕获有害细菌？哪些鱼类会食用致癌化学物质？)”可知，约翰聪颖好学、好奇心很强。故选C。2．WhydidJohnputthesludgeintothetan

ks?A．Tofeedtheanimals.B．Tobuildanecosystem.C．Toprotecttheplants.D．Totesttheeco­machine.答案与解析：D细节理解题。根据第三段“Afterafewweeks,Johnaddedthesludge.(几个星期后，约

翰把污泥加了进去)”以及倒数第三段“Hewasamazedattheresults.Theplantsandanimalsintheeco­machinetookthesludgeasfoodandbegantoeatit!Withinweeks,it

hadallbeendigested,andallthatwasleftwaspurewater.(他对结果感到惊讶。生态机器里的动植物把污泥当成了食物，开始吃了起来！几周之内，它就完全被消化了，只剩下纯净水)”可知，约翰把污泥放进罐子里是为了测试生态机器。故选D。3．

Whatistheauthor'spurposeinmentioningFuzhou?A.ToreviewJohn'sresearchplans.B．ToshowanapplicationofJohn'sidea.C．TocompareJohn'sdifferentjobs.D．Toer

asedoubtsaboutJohn'sinvention.答案与解析：B推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“Overtheyears,Johnhastakenonmanybigjobs.Hedevelopedagreenhouse—li

kefacilitythattreatedsewage(污水)from1，600homesinSouthBurlington.Healsodesignedaneco­machinetocleancanalwaterinFuzhou,acityinsouth

eastChina.(这些年来，约翰承担了许多重大工作。他开发了一个类似温室的设施，可以处理来自南伯灵顿1600户家庭的污水。他还设计了一种生态机器来清洁中国东南部城市福州的运河水)”可推知，作者提到福州的目的是展示约翰想法的应用

。故选B。4．WhatisthebasisforJohn'swork?A．Naturecanrepairitself.B．Organismsneedwatertosurvive.C．LifeonEarth

isdiverse.D．Mosttinycreaturesliveingroups.答案与解析：A推理判断题。根据最后一段“Youputorganismsinnewrelationshipsandobservewhat'shappening.Th

enyouletthesenewsystemsdeveloptheirownwaystoself­repair.(你把微生物放在新的关系中，并观察要发生的事情。然后让这些新系统形成它们自己的自我修复的

方式)”可知，约翰工作的基础是自然可以自我修复。故选A。B2024·新课标Ⅱ卷，B记叙文269词★★☆☆☆Doyouevergettothetrainstationandrealizeyouforgottobringsom

ethingtoread?Yes,weallhaveourphones,butmanyofusstillliketogooldschoolandreadsomethingprinted.Well,there'sakiosk(小亭)forthat.IntheS

anFranciscoBayArea,atleast.“Youenterthefaregates(检票口)andyou'llseeakioskthatislitupandittellsyoucangetaone­minute,athree­minute

,orafive­minutestory，”saysAliciaTrost,thechiefcommunicationsofficerfortheSanFranciscoBayAreaRapidTransit—knownasBART.“Youchoosewhichlength

youwantanditgivesyouareceipt­likeshortstory.”It'sthatsimple.Ridershaveprintednearly20，000shortstoriesandpoemss

incetheprogramwaslaunchedlastMarch.Someareclassicshortstories,andsomeareneworiginalworks.Trostalsowantstointroducelo

calwriterstolocalriders.“WewantedtodosomethingwherewedoacalltoartistsintheBayAreatosubmitstoriesforacontest，”Trostsays.“Andasofrightnow,w

e'vereceivedabout120submissions.Thewinningstorieswouldgointoourkioskandthenyouwouldbeapublishedartist.”Ridershipontransit(交通)systemsacrossthe

countryhasbeendownthepasthalfcentury,socouldshortstoriessavetransit?Trostthinksso.“Attheendofthedayalltransitagenciesrig

htnowaredoingeverythingtheycantoimprovetheriderexperience.SoIabsolutelythinkwewillgetmoreridersjustbecauseofshortstories，

”shesays.Andyou'llneverbewithoutsomethingtoread.语篇类型：记叙文主题语境：人与社会——社会服务——阅读亭项目【语篇解读】本文主要讲述了旧金山湾区捷运系统的首席通讯官艾丽西亚·特罗斯特根据车站乘客的需求启动阅读亭项目，以便改善乘客的体验。

5．WhydidBARTstartthekioskprogram?A．Topromotethelocalculture.B．Todiscouragephoneuse.C．Tomeetpassengers'needs.D．Tored

uceitsrunningcosts.答案与解析：C推断。题干中的kiosk在第二段“there'sakiosk(小亭)forthat”中首次出现，句中的that指代文章第一段中的“butmanyofusstil

lliketogooldschoolandreadsomethingprinted”，即很多人仍然喜欢选择传统方式，读一些印刷的东西。所以为了满足乘客需求，BART启动了阅读亭项目，故答案为C。6．Howarethestoriescategorizedinthekiosk

?A．Bypopularity.B．Bylength.C．Bytheme.D．Bylanguage.答案与解析：B理解具体信息。根据文章第三段中的“ittellsyoucangetaone­minute,athree­minute,oraf

ive­minutestory”和“Youchoosewhichlengthyouwant”可知，你可以根据自己想要的长度选择1分钟、3分钟或者5分钟阅读时长的故事，即阅读亭里的故事是按长度分类的，故答案为B。7．WhathasTrostbeendoingrecently

?A．Organizingastorycontest.B．Doingasurveyofcustomers.C．Choosingaprintpublisher.D．Conductinginterviewswithartists.答案与解析：A理解具体信息。根据文章第五段

中的“wedoacalltoartistsintheBayAreatosubmitstoriesforacontest”和“asofrightnow,we'vereceivedabout120submissions”可知，特罗斯特号召艺术家们提交故事参加比赛，并

且目前为止收到了大约120份参赛作品，所以她是在组织故事比赛，故答案为A。8．WhatisTrost'sopinionaboutBART'sfuture?A．Itwillclosedown.B．Itsprofitswilldecline.C．Itwillexp

andnationwide.D．Itsridershipwillincrease.答案与解析：D理解观点、态度。根据第七段内容“Trostthinksso”和第八段中的“SoIabsolutelythinkwewil

lgetmoreridersjustbecauseofshortstories”可知，特罗斯特完全相信他们会因为短故事收获更多乘客，故答案为D。黄金考点语法填空——介词考点8介词的基本用法考例Thefa

rsideofthemoonisofparticularinteresttoscientistsbecauseithasalotofdeepcraters(环形山),moreso________thefamiliarnearside.点拨考查介词。根

据设空处前的more可知，设空处应填介词than。考点9介词用于固定短语考例Bambooplantsareassociated________health,abundanceandahappyhome.点拨句意：竹子与健康、富足和幸福家庭联

系在一起。beassociatedwith为固定短语，故填with。