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2022北京人大附中高二（上）期中英语第一部分：知识应用（共四节，43分）第一节（共10小题：每小题1.5分，共15分）阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。Nooneisbornawinner.Peoplem

akethemselvesintowinnersbytheirown____1____.Ilearnedthislessonfromanexperiencemanyyearsago.ItooktheheadcoachingjobataschoolinBaxleyGeorgia.Itwas

asmallschoolwithaweakfootballprogram.Itwasatraditionfortheschool'soldteamtoplayagainstthe____2____teamattheend

ofspringpractice.Theoldteamhadnocoach,andtheydidn’tevenpracticetoprepareforthegame.Beingthecoachofthenewteam,Iwasexcited

becauseIknewweweregoingtowin,buttomydisappointment,weweredefeated.Icouldn’tbelieveIhadgotintosuchasituation.Thinkinghardab

outit,IcametorealizethatmyteammightnotbethenumberoneteaminGeorgia,buttheywere____3____me.Ihadtochangemy____4____abouttheirabili

tyandpotential.IstarteddoinganythingIcouldtohelpthembuildalittle____5____.Mostimportantly,Ibegantotreatthemlike___6___.That

summer,whentheotherteamsenjoyedtheirvacations,wemeteverydayandpracticedpassingandkickingthefootball.Sixmonthsaftersufferingourdefe

atonthespringpracticefield,wewonourfirstgameandoursecondandcontinuedtoimprove.Finally,wefacedthenumberoneteaminthestate.Ifeltthatitwouldbea__

__7____forusevenifwelostthegame.Butthatwasn’twhathappened.MyboysbeatthebestteaminGeorgia,givingmeoneofthegreatest____8_

___ofmylife!Fromtheexperience,Ilearnedalotabouthowtheattitudeoftheleadercanaffectthemembersofateam.Insteadofs

eeingmyboysaslosers,Ipushedand____9____them.Ihelpedthemtoseethemselves______10______,andtheybuiltthemselvesintowinners.Winnersaremade,no

tborn.1.A.luckB.effortsC.testsD.nature2.A.excellentB.successfulC.newD.strong3.A.dependingonB.lookingforC.r

eactingtoD.caringabout4.A.intentionB.conclusionC.decisionD.attitude5.A.cultureB.fortuneC.relationshipD.pride6

.A.winnersB.leadersC.learnersD.part7.A.burdenB.victoryC.shameD.favor8.A.offersB.concernsC.thrillsD.chances9.A.observedB.encouragedC.imp

ressedD.protected,10.A.calmlyB.honestlyC.differentlyD.individually第二节（共10小题：每小题1分，共10分）在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括

号内所给词的正确形式填空。请在答题卡指定区域内作答。11.____________(wait)forherfortwohoursinthepark,Ihadtoleave.(所给词的适当形式填空)12.Studentsare___________

_(appreciate)ofthehelpfromthesevolunteerteachers.(所给词的适当形式填空)13.Herealizesthatahugeamountofpaper,printe

donlyone-sided,iswasted,andthereforecommitshimselfto____________(recyclable)it.(所给词的适当形式填空)14.Becausethemoon’sbodyblocksdirectradiocom

munications,wehadtoputasatelliteinorbitabovethemooninaspot,____________itcouldsendsignalstothespacecraftandtoEarth.(用适当的词填空)15.Thecashle

sspayingsystem____________(install)threeyearsagohelpsreducestudentsqueueingtime.(所给词的适当形式填空)16.Iheardapassengerbehindme_______

_____(shout)tothedriver,andherefusedtostopuntilwereachedthenextstop.(所给词的适当形式填空)17.Thesearethepaperstobereviewed,allof____________areintende

dforthecomingexams.(用适当的词填空)18.ZhongyuanFestival,orGhostFestival,isnotasadday,buttimetocelebrate__________

__reunion(重聚)offamilies.19.Nowadays,manypeopleareaddicted____________TikTok,whichisnotaveryproductivewayoflife.(用适当的

词填空)第三节（共10小题；每小题1分，共10分）请用方框中词组的适当形式填空，有一项为多余选项。每个词组只可以使用一次。geton,turnone’sbackon,set..apart,boildownto,applyoneselfto,wrapup,s

etout,stressedout,doone’spart,berelatedto,makesense20.It____________onesimplefact:thissocietyrewardseffortsratherthanr

esults.21.Whenhecameback,Iaskedhimhowhe____________attheinterview.22.Inthepast,muchofthecrimeinthisarea____________drugabuse.23.Peoplecommentedthath

erclearandelegantstyle____________frommostotherjournalists.24.Eventoday,itstill____________tostartsavingearlyforhighereducation.

25.Overthepasttwoyears,she____________herstudieswithdedication.26.Itisnousegetting____________foritisonlygoingtomakethingsworse.27

.Thenegotiationsareexpectedto____________withinsixtydays.28.She____________themwhentheyneededherprovedheruntrustworth

y.29.Thenextmorning,hehiredaboatand____________tofindthewell-knownpainter.第四节（共4小题：每小题2分，共8分）使用所给提示，翻译下列句子。只需要将所填写内容，写在答题卡指定区域内。30.无论遇到

什么困难，我们都能解决。（whatever）Wecansolve____________.31.没有你的帮助，所有的这一切都无法实现。（虚拟条件句）Allofthis_________,withoutyourhelp.32.我宁愿骑车上学，而不搭计程车。（wouldra

ther...than...）I________________.33.真正重要的不是发生了什么，而是你如何去应对所发生的事情。（not...but...）Itis___________________th

attrulymatters第二部分：阅读理解（共两节，30分）第一节（共10小题：每小题2分，共20分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。AWhoisaRealDanger?CyclistsorPedestrians

?Wearehavingadebateaboutthistopic.Herearesomelettersfromourreaders.Yes,manycyclistsbehavedangerously.Manydriver

saredisrespectfulofcyclists.Butpedestriansareprobablytheworstoffenders.Peopleofallageshappilywalkalongthepavementwitheyesandh

andsgluedtotheirmobilephones,quiteunawareofwhatisgoingonaroundthem.Theymayevendothesamethingwhilecrossingaroadatapedes

triancrossingorelsewhere.Therestofushavetoevade(避让)themorjuststandstilltowaitfortheunavoidablecollision.Therealproblemisthatsomepedestriansseemtob

e,atleastforthemoment,inworldsoftheirownthatare,tothem,muchmoreimportantthanthewelfareofothers.—MichaelHoranIlovethe

letterfromBobBrooksaboutcyclists(Viewpoints,May29).Iamafraidtheyseemtothinktheyowntheroads.IwaswalkingacrossAltrinchamRoadonemorningwhenacyclis

twentroundmeand,onbeingaskedwhathewasdoing,shoutedatme.Thegovernmentbuiltacyclelaneontheroad,butitish

ardlyused.Thepolicedonothing.Whatalaughtheyare!Thecyclistsshouldallhavetobemadetousethecyclelanesandwearhelmets,flu

orescent.(发荧光的)jacketsandlightsatnightandinthemorning.Theyshouldpaysomesortoftaxandbefinedfornotwearin

gthem.—CarolHarveyCyclistsjumponandoffpavements(whicharemeantforpedestrians),rideatspeedalongthepavemen

ts,andthinktheyhaveaspecialrighttogothroughtrafficlightswhentheyareonred.Iwasalmostknockeddownrecentlybyacyclistridingonthepavementwhe

ntherewasacyclelanerightnexttohim.Otherroadusers,includinghorseriders,managetoobeytherules.Sowhynotcyc

lists?It’sabouttimetheywereregisteredandinsured,sowhentheydohitapedestrianoravehicleorcauseanaccident,atleastth

eycanbetreatedandtheremightbeanopportunitytoclaimcompensation.—JMLWritetoViewpointsofthenewspaper.34.MichaelHoranwrotethelettermainlytoshow

that__________.A.walkingwhileusingphoneshurtsone’seyesB.somepedestriansareathreattoroadsafetyC.roadaccidentscanactuallybeavoidedD.driv

ersshouldbepolitetocyclists35.CarolHarveysuggeststhatcyclistsshould__________.AbeprovidedwithenoughroadsB.bemadetop

aylesstaxforcyclingC.beaskedtorideontheirownlanesD.befinedforlaughingatpolicemen36.Thethreeletterspresent

viewpointson__________.A.waystoimproveroadsafetyB.therealsourceofroaddangerC.measurestopunishroadoffencesD.increasedawareness

ofroadrulesBTheLifecycleofaT-shirtWeallprobablyhavealotofT-shirts,butdoyoueverstopandthinkabouttheinfluenceofaT-shirtontheplanet?You'd

probablybesurprisedtolearnwhat'sinvolvedinthelifecycleofjustoneT-shirt.Thereare5majorstages：material,production,shipping,useanddisposal(处

理).Thematerialstageinvolvesfarming,irrigating,fertilizing,harvestingandginning.Whilecottonisanaturalfiber(纤维)andnotasharmfultotheenvironm

entasman-madefibers,itstilltakesatollinthematerialandproductionstages.Commercialcottonfarmingusesalargeamountofwater,and

theuseofpesticides(杀虫剂)iswidespreadacrosstheglobe,especiallyincottonfarming.Studieshaveshownthatfarmersspendaround$4.1billiononpestic

idesannually,ofwhich25%wasspentoncottoncropsintheUS.Oncethecottonisgrownandharvested,sobeginstheproductionstage:spinning,knitting,.bleaching,d

yeing,cutting,sewing,etc.—theseprocessesalsouseagreatdealofwaterandenergy.Commercialdyesandbleachesareharmfulpollutants,andcaneventuallyp

ollutegroundwater.AftertheT-shirtisproduced,itentersthetransportationstag.Thisofteninvolvesoverseasshipping.Takealookinyou

rcloset.Chancesarethatmostofyourcottongarments(衣服)aremadeinChinaorIndia.Garmentscanbeshippedviaplane,shipo

rtruck,allofwhichspillCO2intotheatmosphere.CalculationsshowthatCO2emissionsfromlighttrucksaloneamountto1.15

poundspermile.OnceT-shirtreachestheretailmarket,itispurchased.Thisstagemayseemliketheleastenvironmentallydamagingpart.Butconsiderthenumberoftimes

you'vewashedanddriedyourfavoriteT-shirt.Washingmachinesarecertainlybecomingmoreefficient.However,theaverageAmericanhouseholddoes400loadsoflaundryp

eryear,usingabout40gallonsofwaterperload.Suchexcessivewateruseiscombinedwiththelargeamountofenergyusedbydrye

rs.Thefinalstageoflifeisdisposal.Thisreleaseharmfulemissions,orinvolvesalandfillwherecottontakesyearstobreakdown.CurrentUSrecordsshowthatanestimat

ed15%ofclothesandshoesarerecycled,whichmeansthatconsumerssendashocking85%ofthesematerialstolandfills.Weallneedn

ewclotheseveryonceinawhile,butlet'salltrytokeepinmindwhatgoesintotheproductionofclothing.Ithasarealimpactontheplanet.The

rearealotofthingsandyoucandotohelpreduceyourimpact.Reuseandrecycledclothes.Ifthey'retoowornouttowear,cutthemupandusethemascleaningrags.Donatet

hemtocharityoranotherorganizationthatrecyclestextiles.Whenpossible,makeanefforttobuyorganiccotton.Turndownthethermostat(恒温

器)onyourwasher,andlinedryyourclotheswhentheweatherwillallowit.37.Theunderlinedphrase“takesatoll”probablymeans“___________”.A.usesenergyB.wasteswaterC

.hasabadeffectD.takesalotoftime38.Whatcanbeinferredfromthispassage?A.Theusestageistheleastenvironmentallyharmfulofthefivestages.B.Cottonc

lothesareburiedbecausetheyarehardtobreakdown.C.TheclothingcostisrelativelylowinChinaandIndia.DTheproductionproces

smayaffectwatersafety.39.Whatisthepurposeofthisarticle?A.Tointroducethefivestagesinthelifecycleofclothing.B.Topersuadepeop

letopurchasemoreorganiccotton.C.Topromoteeco-friendlyactionsrelatedtoclothes.D.Toencouragepeopletodonateclothestocharity.CEudaimon

iaisanAncientGreekword,particularlystressedbythephilosophersPlatoandAristotle,whichdeservesfarmoreattentionthanithasbecau

seitcorrectstheshortfalls(缺失）in.oneofthemostcentral,buttroublingwordsinourmodemlanguage:happiness.Whenwenowadaystrytoclearl

yexpressthepurposeofourlives，itistheword“happiness”thatwecommonlyturnto.Wetellourselvesandothersthatthemosti

mportantprincipleforourjobs,ourrelationshipsandtheconductofourday-to-daylivesisthepursuitofhappiness.Itsou

ndslikeaninnocentenoughidea,buttoomuchrelianceonthetermmeansthatwefrequentlyunfairlytendtoquitor,atleast,heavilyquestionagreatmanych

allengingbutworthwhilesituations.TheAncientGreeksdidnotbelievethatthepurposeoflifewastobehappy;theyproposedthat

itwastoachieveEudaimonia,awordwhichhasbeenbesttranslatedas“fulfilment”.Whatdistinguisheshappinessfromfulfilmentispain.Itisv

erypossibletobefulfilledand—atthesametime—underpressure,sufferingphysicallyormentally,overburdenedand,quitefrequently,inanirritable(易怒的）mood.Th

isisaslightpsychologicaldifferencethatishardfortheword“happiness”tocapture,forit’strickytospeakofbein

ghappyyetunhappy,orhappyyetsuffering.However,suchacombinationisreadilyaccommodatedwithintherespectedandnoble-soundingidea

ofEudaimonia.Thewordencouragesustotrustthatmanyoflife’smostworthwhileprojectswillsometimesbeinconflictwith

contentment,andyetwillbeworthpursuing.Properlyexploringourprofessionaltalents,managingahousehold,keeping

arelationshipgoing,creatinganewbusinessventureorengaginginpolitics...noneofthesegoalsarelikelytoleaveuscheerfulandgrinningonadailybasis.Theywill,infa

ct,involveusinallmannerofchallengesthatwilldeeplyexhaustandweakenus,provoke(激怒）andwoundus.Andyetwewillperhaps,atthe

endofourlives,stillfeelthatthetaskswereworthundertaking.Throughthem,we’llhaveachievedsomethingdeepera

ndmoreinterestingthanhappiness.WiththewordEudaimoniainmind,wecanstopimaginingthatweareaimingforapain-f

reeexistence—andthenblamingourselvesunfairlyforbeinginabadmood.We’llknowthatwearetryingtodosomethingfarmoreimportantthansmileallthetime:we'restrivi

ngtodojusticetoourfullhumanpotential.40.Whatdoweknowabout“Eudaimonia”fromthepassage?A.ItwasfirstcreatedbytwoGreekphilosophers.B.Ithasr

eceivedalotofattentionfromthepublic.C.Itstillhassomeshortfallsthatneedtobecorrected.D.ItwasregardedasthepurposeoflifeinancientGreece.41.Ac

cordingtoParagraph3,happiness.A.istheoppositeoffulfillmentB.isfreefromphysicalormentalpainC.stressesthepsychologicaldifferenceD.se

rvesasarespectedandnoblelifegoal42.Wecanlearnfromthepassagethat.A.aimingforhappinessmayleadtowrongself-blamingB.goa

lsthatwoundandweakenusresultinhappinessC.challengesleadingtocontentmentareworthundertakingD.feelingfulfilledmeansweshoul

davoidtoughsituations43Thepassageencouragesthereadersto.A.findfulfillmentwithalleffortsB.seekforapain-free

existenceC.keepoptimisticwhateverhappensD.balancehappinessandsuffering第二节（共5小题：每小题2分，共10分）根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多

余选项。Failureisprobablythemostexhaustingexperienceapersoneverhas.Thereisnothingmoretiringthannotsucceeding._____4

4_____Intheformercase,wekeepputtingoffataskbecauseitwaseithertooboringortoodifficult.Andthelongerwedelayit,themoret

iredwefeel.Suchstart-upfatigueisveryreal,evenifnotactuallyphysical,notsomethinginourmusclesandbones._____45_____Yearsago,Iwasaskedtowrite102essa

ysonthegreatideasofsomefamousauthors.Applyingmyownrule,Ideterminedtowritethemalphabetically,neverlettingmyselfleaveoutatoughidea.AndIalwaysstarted

theday'sworkwiththedifficulttaskofessay-writing.Theexperienceprovedthattheruleworks._____46_____Thoughwillingtogetstarted

,wecannotseemtodothejobright.Itsdifficultiesappearsogreatthat,howeverhardwework,wefailagainandagain.In

suchasituation,IworkashardasIcan--thenlettheunconscious(无意识的)takeover.WhenplanningEncyclopaediaBritannica,Ihadtocreateatableofcon

tentsbasedonthetopicsofitsarticles.___47___butnoneofthemworked.Myfatiguebecamealmostunbearable.Oneday,mentallyexhausted,Iwrotedownall

thereasonswhythisproblemcouldnotbesolved.Itriedtoconvincemyselfthatthetroublewaswiththeproblemitself

,notwithme.Relieved,Isatbackinaneasychairandfellasleep.Anhourlater,Iwokeupsuddenlywiththesolutionclearlyinmind._____48_____ThoughIw

orkedashardasbefore,Ifeltnofatigue.Successwasnowasexcitingasfailurehadbeendepressing.Humanbeings,Ibelievemusttry

tosucceed.Success,then,meansneverfeelingtired.A.Performancefatigueismoredifficulttohandle.B.Wedoeverythingwecantogetourselvesoutofthisgloomysituatio

n.C.Weexperiencethistirednessintwoways:start-upfatigueandperformancefatigue.D.Nothinglikethishadeverbeendonebefore,anddayafterdayIkept

comingupwithsolutions.E.Thesolutionisobviousthough-perhapsnoteasytoapply:alwayshandlethemostdifficultjobfi

rst.F.What'smore,makinguseofyourunconsciousnesswiselyalsoproveseffectiveintackling.difficulttasks.G.Intheweekstha

tfollowed,thesolutionwhichhadcomeupinmyunconsciousmindprovedcorrectateverystep.第三部分：书面表达（共三节，27分）第一节（共4小题：第50、51小题各2分，第52小题3分，第53小题5分：共12分）阅读下面短文，根

据题目要求用英文回答问题。GoodTasteofKnowledgeTheaimofeducationorcultureismerelythedevelopmentofgoodtasteinknowledgeandgoodforminconduct.Theculturedmanor

theidealeducatedmanisnotnecessarilyonewhoiswell-readorlearned,butonewholikesanddislikestherightthings.Toknow

whattoloveandwhattohateistohavetasteinknowledge.Nothingismoreannoyingthantomeetapersonatapartywhosemindiscrammed(填塞)fullwithhis

toricaldatesandfiguresandwhoisextremelywell-postedoncurrentinternationalaffairs,butwhoseattitudesorpointsofviewareallwrong.Ihav

emetsuchpeople.Theydohavegreatacademicknowledge,butnogoodjudgmentortaste.Beingknowledgeableisamerematterof

thecrammingoffactsorinformationwhilehavinggoodtasteisamatterofartisticjudgment.Inspeakingofascholar,theChine

segenerallydistinguishbetweentheirscholarship(学术成就),conductandtaste..Aneducatedman,therefore,isonewhohast

herightlovesandhatreds.Thiswecalltaste,andwithtastecomescharm.Now,tohavetasterequiresacapacityforthinkingthingsthroughtothebottom,th

eindependenceofjudgment,andtheunwillingnesstobeaffectedbyanyformofpower.Whenamaniswrong,heiswrong,andthereisnoneedforonetobeimpressedbyagreatnameor

bythenumberofbooksthathehasreadandwehaven't.Taste,then.iscloselyassociatedwithcourage.astheChinesealwaysassociateddan(“胆”)w

ithshi(“识”)Andcourageorindependenceofjudgment,asweknow,issuchararevirtueamonghumankind.Weseethisintellectualcourageorindependenceduringthechildhoodof

allthinkersandwriterswhoinlaterlifeamounttoanything.Suchapersonrefusestobeimpressedbyaphilosophicvogueorafashionabletheory,event

houghitisbackedbythegreatestname.thisistasteinknowledge.Nodoubtsuchintellectualcourageorindependenceofjudgmentrequiresacertainchildish.naveconfide

nceinoneself,butthisselfistheonlythingthatonecanclingto.andthemomentastudentgivesup-hisrightofpersonaljudgment,heismforacceptingallthedishonest

andinsincereoflife.49.Accordingtotheauthor,whatisthegoalofeducation?___________________________________________

_________________________________________________50.Whyisawell-readmannotnecessarilyaneducatedone?___________________

_________________________________________________________________________51.Pleasedecidewhichpartisfa

lseinthefollowingstatement:Intellectualcourageorindependenceofjudgmentbuildsconfidenceinoneself;thenunderlineitande

xplainwhyIntellectualcourageorindependenceofjudgmentbuildsconfidenceinoneself.__________________________________________

__________________________________________________52.PleasenameonepersonwiththequalitiesofdanandshiinChinesehistoryandexplainwhataboutthispersonmak

esyouthinkso.(Inabout40words)____________________________________________________________________________________________第二节53.Recentlytherehavebe

enincreasingreportsonthefactthatalotofgraduateswithshinyeducationalbackgroundsareapplyingforthegrassroots(position

s.AndthereisanEnglishsaying“abigfishinasmallpond”todescribethephenomenon.Whatisyouropiniononthis?Pleasewritea“for”and“against”essayonthistop

ic(Youshoulddiscussbothsidesoftheissueandthengiveyourownopinion)。________________________________________________

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