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2022北京人大附中高二（上）期中英语第一部分：知识应用（共四节，43分）第一节（共10小题：每小题1.5分，共15分）阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡

上将该项涂黑。Nooneisbornawinner.Peoplemakethemselvesintowinnersbytheirown____1____.Ilearnedthislessonfromanexperiencemanyyearsago.Itooktheheadco

achingjobataschoolinBaxley,Georgia.Itwasasmallschoolwithaweakfootballprogram.Itwasatraditionfortheschool'soldteamtoplayag

ainstthe____2____teamattheendofspringpractice.Theoldteamhadnocoach,andtheydidn’tevenpracticetoprepareforthega

me.Beingthecoachofthenewteam,IwasexcitedbecauseIknewweweregoingtowin,buttomydisappointment,weweredefeated.Icouldn’tbelieveIhadgotintosuchasituati

on.Thinkinghardaboutit,IcametorealizethatmyteammightnotbethenumberoneteaminGeorgia,buttheywere____3____me.I

hadtochangemy____4____abouttheirabilityandpotential.IstarteddoinganythingIcouldtohelpthembuildalittle____5____.M

ostimportantly,Ibegantotreatthemlike___6___.Thatsummer,whentheotherteamsenjoyedtheirvacations,wemeteverydayandp

racticedpassingandkickingthefootball.Sixmonthsaftersufferingourdefeatonthespringpracticefield,wewonourfirstgameandoursecon

dandcontinuedtoimprove.Finally,wefacedthenumberoneteaminthestate.Ifeltthatitwouldbea____7____forusevenifwelostthegame.Butthatwasn’twhat

happened.MyboysbeatthebestteaminGeorgia,givingmeoneofthegreatest____8____ofmylife!Fromtheexperience,Ilearnedalotabouthowtheattitudeoftheleaderc

anaffectthemembersofateam.Insteadofseeingmyboysaslosers,Ipushedand____9____them.Ihelpedthemtoseethemselves______10______,andtheybuiltth

emselvesintowinners.Winnersaremade,notborn.1.A.luckB.effortsC.testsD.nature2.A.excellentB.successfulC.new

D.strong3.A.dependingonB.lookingforC.reactingtoD.caringabout4.A.intentionB.conclusionC.decisionD.attitude5.A.cultureB.fortuneC.relation

shipD.pride6.A.winnersB.leadersC.learnersD.part7.A.burdenB.victoryC.shameD.favor8.A.offersB.concernsC.thrillsD

.chances9.A.observedB.encouragedC.impressedD.protected10.A.calmlyB.honestlyC.differentlyD.individually【答案】1.B2.C3.A4.D5.D

6.A7.B8.C9.B10.C【解析】【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了多年前作者担任过一个学校足球队的教练，在一次比赛中输给了学校的老队。作者开始反思，不停的训练和鼓励队员，最终不可思议的赢得州

里最强的对手。从这次经历中，作者感悟到：没有人天生就是赢家，只有依靠自己的努力才能成为赢家。【1题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：人们通过自己的努力使自己成为胜利者。A.luck运气；B.efforts努力；C.tests测试；D.nature自然。根据“Nooneis

bornawinner.”可知，人们需要通过努力才能成为胜利者。故选B。【2题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在春季训练结束时，学校的老队与新队进行比赛是一项传统。A.excellent优秀的；B.successful成功的；C.new新的；D.strong强壮的。

根据“Itwasatradition”和“Beingthecoachofthenewteam”可知，此处表示学校的老队和新队进行比赛。故选C。【3题详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：仔细想了想，我意识到我的球队可能不是乔治亚州最好的球队，但他们依赖我。A.dependi

ngon依靠；B.lookingfor寻找；C.reactingto对……有反应；D.caringabout关心，在意。根据“Beingthecoachofthenewteam,”和“Ihadtochangemyabouttheirabili

tyandpotential.”可知，作为教练，孩子们还要依靠作者，作者需要做出改变。故选A。【4题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：我必须改变我对他们的能力和潜力的态度。A.intention意图，打算；B.conclusion结论；C

.decision决定；D.attitude态度。根据“Beingthecoachofthenewteam,IwasexcitedbecauseIknewweweregoingtowin,buttomydisappointment,weweredefeated.(作为新队的教练，我很兴奋，

因为我知道我们会赢，但令我失望的是，我们被击败了。)”可知，作者轻视对手导致了失败，因此要改变态度。故选D。【5题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：我开始尽我所能帮助他们建立自豪感。A.culture文化；B.fortune运气；C.relations

hip关系；D.pride骄傲，自豪。根据“buttomydisappointment,weweredefeated.”和“Ibegantotreatthemlike___6___”可知，作者在比赛失败后尽自己所能帮助孩子们建立自豪感。故选D

。【6题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：最重要的是，我开始像对待胜利者一样对待他们。A.winners获胜者；B.leaders领导；C.learners学习者；D.part部分。根据“Insteadofs

eeingmyboysaslosers”可知，作者像对待胜利者一样对待他们。故选A。【7题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：我觉得即使我们输了比赛，这对我们来说也是一场胜利。A.burden负担；B.victory胜利；C

.shame羞愧；D.favor赞成，偏爱。根据“Finally,wefacedthenumberoneteaminthestate.”可知，作者认为面对最强的队伍，即使输了比赛也是一场胜利。故选B。【8题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：我的孩子们打败了乔治亚州最好的球队，给

了我一生中最大的兴奋之一!A.offers提议；B.concerns关心，忧虑；C.thrills兴奋，激动；D.chances机会。根据“MyboysbeatthebestteaminGeorgia”可知，作者的队伍打败了乔治亚州最好的球队，这是令人兴奋的事。故选C。【9题详解】考查动词词义

辨析。句意：我没有把我的孩子们视为失败者，而是敦促和鼓励他们。A.observed观察；B.encouraged鼓励；C.impressed使印象深刻；D.protected保护。根据上文“Insteadofseeingmyboysaslosers,Ipushed”可知，作者把孩

子们视为胜利者，不断地鼓励他们。故选B。【10题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：我帮助他们以不同的方式看待自己，他们把自己打造成了胜利者。A.calmly冷静地；B.honestly诚实地；C.differently不同地；D.individually单独地，分别地。根据上文“Istarteddo

inganythingIcouldtohelpthembuildalittle____5____.Mostimportantly,Ibegantotreatthemlike___6___.”可知，作者帮助他们以不同的方式看待自己。故选C。第二节（共10小题：每小题1分，共10分）在

未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。请在答题卡指定区域内作答。11.____________(wait)forherfortwohoursinthepark,Ihadtoleave.(所给词的适当形式填空)【

答案】Havingwaited【解析】【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：在公园等了她两个小时之后，我不得不离开了。分析句子结构和意思可知，句子主语I是动词wait的发出者，存在逻辑上的主谓关系，所以用现在分词形式，表示主

动；动词wait发生在谓语动词hadtoleave之前，所以用现在分词的完成式。故填Havingwaited。12.Studentsare____________(appreciate)ofthehelpfr

omthesevolunteerteachers.(所给词的适当形式填空)【答案】appreciative【解析】【详解】考查形容词。句意：学生们非常感谢这些支教老师的帮助。设空处在句中作表语，应用形容词的形式，beappreciativeof感激……，故填appreciative。13

.Herealizesthatahugeamountofpaper,printedonlyone-sided,iswasted,andthereforecommitshimselfto____________(recyclable)it.(所给词的适当形式填

空)【答案】recycling【解析】【详解】考查动名词以及固定搭配。句意：他意识到只有单面印刷的大量纸张被浪费了，因此他致力于回收利用。分析句子可知，设空处构成固定短语commitoneselftodo

ing致力于做某事，应填动名词做宾语。故填recycling。14.Becausethemoon’sbodyblocksdirectradiocommunications,wehadtoputasatelliteinorbitabovethemooninasp

ot,____________itcouldsendsignalstothespacecraftandtoEarth.(用适当的词填空)【答案】where【解析】【详解】考查定语从句。句意：因为月球挡住了与探测器的直接无线电通讯，

我们首先必须把一颗人造卫星送入月球轨道上的一个点，人造卫星可以在这个点向航天器和地球发射信号。分析句子可知，空处引导一个定语从句，先行词是aspot，关系词替代先行词在从句中作地点状语，应用where引导。故填where。15.Theca

shlesspayingsystem____________(install)threeyearsagohelpsreducestudentsqueueingtime.(所给词的适当形式填空)【答案】installed【

解析】【详解】考查过去分词。句意：三年前安装的无现金支付系统有助于减少学生排队时间。分析句子可知，设空处作定语修饰名词system，二者之间是被动关系，应填过去分词形式。故填installed。16.Iheardapassengerbehindme____________(s

hout)tothedriver,andherefusedtostopuntilwereachedthenextstop.(所给词的适当形式填空)【答案】shouting【解析】【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：

我听到身后一名乘客向司机喊叫，他拒绝停车，直到我们到达下一站。hearsb.doingsth.“听到某人做某事”，现在分词作宾语补足语，和宾语之间存在主动关系，表示正在进行的动作。故填shouting。17.Theseareth

epaperstobereviewed,allof____________areintendedforthecomingexams.(用适当的词填空)【答案】which【解析】【详解】考查定语从句。句意：这些是要复习的论文，都是为即将到来的考试准备的。设空处引导非限制性定语从句，

先行词为thepapers，指物，空前为介词，应用which。故填which。18.ZhongyuanFestival,orGhostFestival,isnotasadday,buttimetocelebrate____________reunion(重聚)offamilies.【答案】

the【解析】【详解】考查冠词。句意：中元节，又称鬼节，不是一个悲伤的日子，而是庆祝家人团聚的时刻。根据句意及所给句子可知，此处特指“家人团聚”，应用定冠词。故填the。19.Nowadays,manypeopleareaddicted_________

___TikTok,whichisnotaveryproductivewayoflife.(用适当的词填空)【答案】to【解析】【详解】考查介词。句意：如今，许多人沉迷于抖音，这不是一种富有成效的生活方式

。分析句意可知此处填介词to，构成beaddictedto，表示“沉迷于……”。故填to。第三节（共10小题；每小题1分，共10分）请用方框中词组的适当形式填空，有一项为多余选项。每个词组只可以使用一次。geton,turnone

’sbackon,set..apart,boildownto,applyoneselfto,wrapup,setout,stressedout,doone’spart,berelatedto,makesense20.It________

____onesimplefact:thissocietyrewardseffortsratherthanresults.21.Whenhecameback,Iaskedhimhowhe____________attheinterview

.22.Inthepast,muchofthecrimeinthisarea____________drugabuse.23.Peoplecommentedthatherclearandelegantstyle__________

__frommostotherjournalists.24.Eventoday,itstill____________tostartsavingearlyforhighereducation.25.Overthepasttwoyears,she____________herstudi

eswithdedication.26.Itisnousegetting____________foritisonlygoingtomakethingsworse.27.Thenegotiationsareexpectedto____________withinsi

xtydays.28.She____________themwhentheyneededherprovedheruntrustworthy.29.Thenextmorning,hehiredaboatan

d____________tofindthewell-knownpainter.【答案】20.boilsdownto21.goton22.wasrelatedto23.setherapart24.makessense25.hasappliedherselfto26.s

tressedout27.bewrappedup28.turnedherbackon29.setout【解析】【20题详解】考查动词短语和时态。句意：这可以归结为一个简单的事实：这个社会奖励努力而不是结果。根据句意“归结为”可知，动词短语boildownto符合题意，此处陈述客观事实

，使用一般现在时，主语为it，谓语动词使用第三人称单数形式。故填boilsdownto。【21题详解】考查动词短语和时态。句意：他回来后，我问他面试进展如何。根据句意“取得进展”可知，动词短语geton符合题意，结合“cameback”和“a

sked”可知，使用一般过去时。故填goton。【22题详解】考查动词短语和时态。句意：过去，这一地区的许多犯罪都与滥用毒品有关。根据句意“与……相关”可知，动词短语berelatedto符合题意，结合时间状语“Inthepast”可知，使用一般过去时，主语为muchofth

ecrime，be动词用was。故填wasrelatedto。【23题详解】考查动词短语和时态。句意：人们评价说，她清晰、优雅的风格使她在大多数记者中脱颖而出。根据句意“使……脱颖而出”可知，动词短语set…apart符合题意，结合“commented”可知，此处使用一般过去

时。故填setherapart。【24题详解】考查动词短语和时态。句意：即使在今天，为接受高等教育尽早开始储蓄仍然是有意义的。根据句意“有意义”可知，动词短语makesense符合题意，结合时间状语“today”可知，使用一般现在时，主语为it，谓语动词使用第三人称单数形式。故

填makessense。【25题详解】考查动词短语和时态。句意：在过去的两年里，她全身心地投入到她的学习中。根据句意“全身心投入”可知，动词短语applyoneselfto符合题意，结合时间状语“Overthepasttwoyea

rs”可知，此处使用现在完成时，主语为she，助动词用has。故填hasappliedherselfto。【26题详解】考查固定短语。句意：压力太大是没有用的，因为它只会使事情变得更糟。根据句意“压力大”可知，动词短语getstressedout符合题意。故填str

essedout。【27题详解】考查动词短语和被动语态。句意：预计谈判将在60天内结束。根据句意“结束”可知，动词短语wrapup符合题意，beexpectedtodosth.为固定搭配，表示“预计做某

事”，空处需填动词原形，Thenegotiations和wrapup为被动关系，需填被动语态。故填bewrappedup。【28题详解】考查动词短语和时态。句意：当他们需要她时，她却背弃了他们证明她不值得信赖。根据句意“背弃”可知，动词短语turn

one’sbackon符合题意，结合“needed”和“proved”可知，使用一般过去时。故填turnedherbackon。29题详解】考查动词短语和时态。句意：第二天早上，他租了一条船，出发去寻找这位著名的画家。根据句意“出

发”可知，动词短语setout符合题意，结合“hired”可知，此处使用一般过去时。故填setout。第四节（共4小题：每小题2分，共8分）使用所给提示，翻译下列句子。只需要将所填写内容，写在答题卡指定区域内。30.无论遇到什么困难，我们都能解决。（whatever）Wecansolve___

_________.【答案】whateverdifficultieswecomeacross【解析】【详解】考查宾语从句。根据句意及所给句子可知，此处使用whatever引导宾语从句，“遇到”使用动词短语comeacross，“无论什么困难”使用whatever

difficulties，在从句中作宾语，句子陈述目前的状态，应用一般现在时。故填whateverdifficultieswecomeacross。31.没有你的帮助，所有的这一切都无法实现。（虚拟条件句）Allofthis_________,withoutyourhelp.

【【答案】wouldn’thavecometrue【解析】【详解】考查虚拟语气。分析句子结构和意思可知，这里有withoutyourhelp做条件，句子谓语用虚拟语气，这句话描述的是过去的事情，所以用对过去的虚拟的谓语动词结构would/could/shou

ld/might+havedone。表示“实现”应用动词短语cometrue。故填wouldn’thavecometrue。32.我宁愿骑车上学，而不搭计程车。（wouldrather...than.

..）I________________.【答案】wouldrathergotoschoolbybikethanbytaxi【解析】【详解】考查动词短语和介词短语。表示“宁愿……而不愿……”应用wouldratherdo...t

hando...；表示“骑车”为介词短语bybike，在句中作状语；表示“搭计程车”介词短语为bytaxi，在句中作状语。故填wouldrathergotoschoolbybikethanbytaxi。33.真正重要的不是发生了什么，而是你如何去应对所发生的事情。（not...but...）Iti

s___________________thattrulymatters.【答案】notwhathappenedbuthowyoureacttoit【解析】【详解】考查固定句式。分析句意可知，此句使用固定结构not...but..

.表示“不是……而是……”做真正主语从句；“发生了什么”可用whathappened表示；“你如何应对所发生的事”可用howyoureacttoit，其中reactto表示“应对”，it用于指代前文出现的“发生的事”。

整个句子是强调句，对主语“notwhathappenedbuthowyoureacttoit”进行强调。故答案为notwhathappenedbuthowyoureacttoit。第二部分：阅读理解（共两节，30分）第一

节（共10小题：每小题2分，共20分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。AWhoisaRealDanger?CyclistsorPedestrians?Wearehavingadebateaboutth

istopic.Herearesomelettersfromourreaders.Yesmanycyclistsbehavedangerously.Manydriversaredisrespectfulofcycli

sts.Butpedestriansareprobablytheworstoffenders.Peopleofallageshappilywalkalongthepavementwitheyesandhandsgluedtotheirmobilep

hones,quiteunawareofwhatisgoingonaroundthem.Theymayevendothesamethingwhilecrossingaroadatapedestrian,crossingorelsewhere.Therestof

ushavetoevade(避让)themorjuststandstilltowaitfortheunavoidablecollision.Therealproblemisthatsomepedest

riansseemtobe,atleastforthemoment,inworldsoftheirownthatare,tothem,muchmoreimportantthanthewelfareofothers.—MichaelHoranIlovetheletter

fromBobBrooksaboutcyclists(Viewpoints,May29).Iamafraidtheyseemtothinktheyowntheroads.IwaswalkingacrossAltrinchamRoadonemorningwhenac

yclistwentroundmeand,onbeingaskedwhathewasdoing,shoutedatme.Thegovernmentbuiltacyclelaneontheroad,butitishardlyused

.Thepolicedonothing.Whatalaughtheyare!Thecyclistsshouldallhavetobemadetousethecyclelanesandwearhelmets,fluorescent(发荧光的)jacketsandlightsatnightandin

themorning.Theyshouldpaysomesortoftaxandbefinedfornotwearingthem.—CarolHarveyCyclistsjumponandoffpavements(whic

haremeantforpedestrians),rideatspeedalongthepavements,andthinktheyhaveaspecialrighttogothroughtrafficlightswhentheyareonred.Iwas

almostknockeddownrecentlybyacyclistridingonthepavementwhentherewasacyclelanerightnexttohim.Otherroadusers,includinghorseriders,managetoobeyther

ules.Sowhynotcyclists?It’sabouttimetheywereregisteredandinsured,sowhentheydohitapedestrianoravehicleorcauseanaccident,atlea

sttheycanbetreatedandtheremightbeanopportunitytoclaimcompensation.—JMLWritetoViewpointsofthenewspaper.34.MichaelHoranwrotethelettermainlytosho

wthat__________.A.walkingwhileusingphoneshurtsone’seyesB.somepedestriansareathreattoroadsafetyC.roadacci

dentscanactuallybeavoidedD.driversshouldbepolitetocyclists35.CarolHarveysuggeststhatcyclistsshould__________.A.beprovidedwithenoughroadsB.bema

detopaylesstaxforcyclingC.beaskedtorideontheirownlanesD.befinedforlaughingatpolicemen36.Thethreeletterspresentviewpointson__________.A.waystoim

proveroadsafetyB.therealsourceofroaddangerC.measurestopunishroadoffencesD.increasedawarenessofroadrules【答案】34.B35.C36.B【解析】【导语】本文是一片议

论文。本文围绕一个主题展开一场争论——谁才是马路安全隐患的威胁？不遵守交通规则的骑自行车的人给行人带了了很多的危险。【34题详解】推理判断题。根据第二段“Manydriversaredisrespectfulofcyclists.Butped

estriansareprobablyworseoffenders.(许多司机不尊重骑自行车的人。但行人可能是更糟糕的违规者)”和第四段“Therealproblemisthatsomepedestriansseemtobe,atleast

forthemoment,inworldsoftheirownthatare,tothem,muchmoreimportantthanthewelfareofothers.(真正的问题是，一些行人似乎，至少目前，沉

浸在他们自己的世界，对他们来说，自己比其他人的幸福更重要)”可推断，MichaelHoran写信主要为了展示一些行人对道路安全构成威胁。故选B。【35题详解】细节理解题。根据CarolHarvey所说的话“Th

ecyclistsshouldallhavetobemadetousethecyclelanesandwearhelmets,fluorescent(发荧光的)jacketsandlightsatnightandinthemorning.

theyshouldpaysomesortoftaxandbefinedfornotwearingthem.(骑自行车的人都应该在早上和晚上使用自行车道和戴头盔，佩戴荧光夹克和灯。如果不穿他们应该支付一些税收和罚款)”可知，CarolHarvey建议要求骑自行车的人在他们自己的车道上骑行。

故选C。【36题详解】推理判断题。由文章开头“ForgetCyclists,PedestriansareRealDanger.Wearehavingadebateaboutthistopic.Herearesomele

ttersfromourreaders.(忘记骑自行车的人，行人是真正的危险。我们正在就这个问题进行辩论。下面是读者的来信）”以及三封信的具体内容可知，这篇文章主要探讨了谁是道路安全的真正隐患，是骑自行车的人，还是行人

？故选B。BTheLifecycleofaT-shirtWeallprobablyhavealotofT-shirts,butdoyoueverstopandthinkabouttheinfluenceofaT-shirtontheplanet?You'dprobab

lybesurprisedtolearnwhat'sinvolvedinthelifecycleofjustoneT-shirt.Thereare5majorstages：material,production,shipp

ing,useanddisposal(处理).Thematerialstageinvolvesfarming,irrigating,fertilizing,harvestingandginning.Whilecott

onisanaturalfiber(纤维)andnotasharmfultotheenvironmentasman-madefibers,itstilltakesatollinthemateriala

ndproductionstages.Commercialcottonfarmingusesalargeamountofwater,andtheuseofpesticides(杀虫剂)iswidespre

adacrosstheglobe,especiallyincottonfarming.Studieshaveshownthatfarmersspendaround$4.1billiononpesticidesannually,ofwhich25%wasspentoncottoncro

psintheUS.Oncethecottonisgrownandharvested,sobeginstheproductionstage:spinning,knitting,bleaching,dyeing,cutting,sewi

ng,etc.—theseprocessesalsouseagreatdealofwaterandenergy.Commercialdyesandbleachesareharmfulpollutants,andcaneventuallypol

lutegroundwater.AftertheT-shirtisproduced,itentersthetransportationstag.Thisofteninvolvesoverseasshipping.Takealo

okinyourcloset.Chancesarethatmostofyourcottongarments(衣服)aremadeinChinaorIndia.Garmentscanbeshippedvia

plane,shiportruck,allofwhichspillCO2intotheatmosphere.CalculationsshowthatCO2emissionsfromlighttrucksaloneamountto1.15pou

ndspermile.OnceT-shirtreachestheretailmarket,itispurchased.Thisstagemayseemliketheleastenvironmentallydamagingpart.Butconsiderthenumberoftimes

you'vewashedanddriedyourfavoriteT-shirt.Washingmachinesarecertainlybecomingmoreefficient.However,theaverageAmericanhouseholddoes400loadsoflaundr

yperyear,usingabout40gallonsofwaterperload.Suchexcessivewateruseiscombinedwiththelargeamountofenergyusedbydryers.Thefinalstageo

flifeisdisposal.Thisreleaseharmfulemissions,orinvolvesalandfillwherecottontakesyearstobreakdown.CurrentUSrecords

showthatanestimated15%ofclothesandshoesarerecycled,whichmeansthatconsumerssendashocking85%ofthesematerialstol

andfills.Weallneednewclotheseveryonceinawhile,butlet'salltrytokeepinmindwhatgoesintotheproductionofclothing.Ithasarealim

pactontheplanet.Therearealotofthingsandyoucandotohelpreduceyourimpact.Reuseandrecycledclothes.Ifthey'retoowornoutto

wear,cutthemupandusethemascleaningrags.Donatethemtocharityoranotherorganizationthatrecyclestextiles.Whenpossible,makeanefforttobuyorganiccotton.Tur

ndownthethermostat(恒温器)onyourwasher,andlinedryyourclotheswhentheweatherwillallowit.37.Theunderlinedphrase“takesatoll”probablymeans“______

_____”.A.usesenergyB.wasteswaterC.hasabadeffectD.takesalotoftime38.Whatcanbeinferredfromthispassage?A.Theusestage

istheleastenvironmentallyharmfulofthefivestages.B.Cottonclothesareburiedbecausetheyarehardtobreakdown.C

.TheclothingcostisrelativelylowinChinaandIndia.D.Theproductionprocessmayaffectwatersafety.39.Whatisthepurposeof

thisarticle?ATointroducethefivestagesinthelifecycleofclothing.B.Topersuadepeopletopurchasemoreorganiccotton.C.Topromoteeco-friendlyactionsr

elatedtoclothes.D.Toencouragepeopletodonateclothestocharity.【答案】37.C38.D39.C【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。作者介绍了T恤从生产、使用到废弃处理几个阶段对环境造成的不良影响，并对

此提出一些改善建议。【37题详解】词句猜测题。根据第二段倒数第二句“Commercialcottonfarmingusesalargeamountofwater,andtheuseofpesticides(杀虫剂)iswidespreadacr

osstheglobe,especiallyincottonfarming.（商业棉花种植需要大量的水和杀虫剂的使用(杀虫剂)在全球范围内普遍存在，尤其是在棉花种植业。）”可知，这里讲述的商业种植棉花因大量用水很杀虫剂产生了负面影响，而这句话正是对前文t

akesatoll的解释说明，故该词组的意思为“不好的影响”。故选C项。【38题详解】推理判断题。根据第三段最后一句“Commercialdyesandbleachesareharmfulpollutants,andcaneventu

allypollutegroundwater.（商业染料和漂白剂是有害的污染物，最终会污染地下水。）”可知，因生产T恤使用的染料和漂白剂，地下水遭污染，故推测用水安全也会因此受到不良影响。故选D项。【3

9题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段第一句“Therearealotofthingsandyoucandotohelpreduceyourimpact.（你可以做很多事情来帮助减少影响。）”可知，在分析了许多和T恤相关的环境问题之后作者呼吁我

们读者采取行动减少不良影响，可推测本文写作目的为呼吁和衣服相关的且对生态环境友好的行为。故选C项。CEudaimoniaisanAncientGreekword,particularlystressedbythephilosophersPlatoandAristo

tle,whichdeservesfarmoreattentionthanithasbecauseitcorrectstheshortfalls(缺失）inoneofthemostcentral,buttroublingwordsinourmodemlanguage:happiness.

Whenwenowadaystrytoclearlyexpressthepurposeofourlives，itistheword“happiness”thatwecommonlyturnto.Wetellourselvesandothersthatthemostimportantprincipl

eforourjobs,ourrelationshipsandtheconductofourday-to-daylivesisthepursuitofhappiness.Itsoundslikeaninnocentenoughidea,buttoomu

chrelianceonthetermmeansthatwefrequentlyunfairlytendtoquitor,atleast,heavilyquestionagreatmany.challengingbutworthwhilesituati

ons.TheAncientGreeksdidnotbelievethatthepurposeoflifewastobehappy;theyproposedthatitwastoachieveEudaimonia,awordwhichhasbeenbesttrans

latedas“fulfilment”.Whatdistinguisheshappinessfromfulfilmentispain.Itisverypossibletobefulfilledand—atthesametime—u

nderpressure,sufferingphysicallyormentally,overburdenedand,quitefrequently,inanirritable(易怒的）mood.Thisisaslightpsycholo

gicaldifferencethatishardfortheword“happiness”tocapture,forit’strickytospeakofbeinghappyyetunhappy,orhappyyetsu

ffering.However,suchacombinationisreadilyaccommodatedwithintherespectedandnoble-soundingideaofEudaimonia.Thewordencour

agesustotrustthatmanyoflife’smostworthwhileprojectswillsometimesbeinconflictwithcontentment,andyetwillbewo

rthpursuing.Properlyexploringourprofessionaltalents,managingahousehold,keepingarelationshipgoing,creatinganewbusinessventureorengagingi

npolitics...noneofthesegoalsarelikelytoleaveuscheerfulandgrinningonadailybasis.Theywill,infact,invol

veusinallmannerofchallengesthatwilldeeplyexhaustandweakenus,provoke(激怒）andwoundus.Andyetwewillperhaps,attheendofourlive

s,stillfeelthatthetaskswereworthundertaking.Throughthem,we’llhaveachievedsomethingdeeperandmoreinterestingthanhappiness.WiththewordEudai

moniainmind,wecanstopimaginingthatweareaimingforapain-freeexistence—andthenblamingourselvesunfairlyforbeinginabadmood.We’ll

knowthatwearetryingtodosomethingfarmoreimportantthansmileallthetime:we'restrivingtodojusticetoourfullhumanpotential.40.Whatdoweknowabout“Eudaimonia”f

romthepassage?A.ItwasfirstcreatedbytwoGreekphilosophers.B.Ithasreceivedalotofattentionfromthepublic.C.Itstillhas

someshortfallsthatneedtobecorrected.D.ItwasregardedasthepurposeoflifeinancientGreece.41.AccordingtoParagraph3,happiness

.A.istheoppositeoffulfillmentB.isfreefromphysicalormentalpainC.stressesthepsychologicaldifferenceD.servesas

arespectedandnoblelifegoal42.Wecanlearnfromthepassagethat.A.aimingforhappinessmayleadtowrongself-blamingB.goalsthatwoundandwe

akenusresultinhappinessC.challengesleadingtocontentmentareworthundertakingD.feelingfulfilledmeansweshouldavoid

toughsituations43.Thepassageencouragesthereadersto.AfindfulfillmentwithalleffortsB.seekforapain-freeexistenceC.keepoptimisticwhateverhappe

nsD.balancehappinessandsuffering【答案】40.D41.B42.A43.A【解析】【分析】这是一篇说明文。介绍了古希腊人的生活目标，Eudaimonia与happiness的区别，鼓励人们尽一切努力寻找满足感。40题详解】推理判断题。由第二段“TheAnc

ientGreeksdidnotbelievethatthepurposeoflifewastobehappy;theyproposedthatitwastoachieveEudaimonia,awordwhichhasbeenbesttranslatedas“fulfilment”.古希腊人不相

信生活的目的是快乐；他们提出，生活的目的是为了实现Eudaimonia，这个词最好翻译理解为“满足”可知，在古希腊，Eudaimonia被认为是生活的目的。故D选项正确。【41题详解】推理判断题。由第三段“Whatdistinguisheshapp

inessfromfulfilmentispain.Itisverypossibletobefulfilledand—atthesametime—underpressure,sufferingphysicallyormentall

y,overburdenedand,quitefrequently,inanirritablemood.Thisisaslightpsychologicaldifferencethatishardforthew

ord“happiness”tocapture”快乐与满足的区别在于痛苦。在压力下、在身体上或精神上遭受痛苦、负担过重以及经常处于易怒的情绪下，是很有可能得到满足的。这是一个微小的心理差异，这很难让“幸福”这个词捕捉到。可知,幸福没有身体或精神上的痛苦。故B选项

正确。【42题详解】推理判断题。由末段“WiththewordEudaimoniainmind,wecanstopimaginingthatweareaimingforapain-freeexistence—and

thenblamingourselvesunfairlyforbeinginabadmood.”想到了eudaimonia这个词，我们就可以不用想象我们的目标是一个没有痛苦的生活，不用不公平地责怪自己心情不好。可知，追求幸福可能导致错误的自责。故A选项正确。【43题

详解】推理判断题。由第四段“Thewordencouragesustotrustthatmanyoflife’smostworthwhileprojectswillsometimesbeinconflictwithcontentment...Throughthem,we’llhave

achievedsomethingdeeperandmoreinterestingthanhappiness.”可知，这篇文章鼓励读者尽一切努力找到满足感。故A选项正确。【点睛】通过对关键词的把握是解决推理判断题的重要的方法之一。通读短文我们可知

，短文主要介绍了.【Eudaimonia与happiness的区别，鼓励人们尽一切努力寻找满足感，一味儿的最求幸福感，会给自己带来很多烦恼。由末段“WiththewordEudaimoniainmind,wecanstopimaginingthatwe

areaimingforapain-freeexistence—andthenblamingourselvesunfairlyforbeinginabadmood.”中的关键词“stopimagining”“blaming”可知，不追求“Eudaimonia”而是最求“happines

s”可能导致错误的自责。故A选项为第3小题的正确选项。第二节（共5小题：每小题2分，共10分）根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。Failureisprobablythemos

texhaustingexperienceapersoneverhas.Thereisnothingmoretiringthannotsucceeding._____44_____Intheformercase,wekeepputtingo

ffataskbecauseitwaseithertooboringortoodifficult.Andthelongerwedelayit,themoretiredwefeel.Suchstart-upfatigueisvery

real,evenifnotactuallyphysical,notsomethinginourmusclesandbones._____45_____Yearsago,Iwasaskedtowrite102essaysonthegreatideasofsomefamousa

uthors.Applyingmyownrule,Ideterminedtowritethemalphabetically,neverlettingmyselfleaveoutatoughidea.And

Ialwaysstartedtheday'sworkwiththedifficulttaskofessay-writing.Theexperienceprovedthattheruleworks._____46

_____Thoughwillingtogetstarted,wecannotseemtodothejobright.Itsdifficultiesappearsogreatthat,howeverhardwework,wefailagainandagain.Insuchasitua

tion,IworkashardasIcan--thenlettheunconscious(无意识的)takeover.WhenplanningEncyclopaediaBritannica,Ihadtocr

eateatableofcontentsbasedonthetopicsofitsarticles.___47___butnoneofthemworked.Myfatiguebecamealmostunbearable.Oneday,

mentallyexhausted,Iwrotedownallthereasonswhythisproblemcouldnotbesolved.Itriedtoconvincemyselfthatthetroublewaswiththeproblemitself,notwithme.Re

lieved,Isatbackinaneasychairandfellasleep.Anhourlater,Iwokeupsuddenlywiththesolutionclearlyinmind._____48_____ThoughIworkedashardasbefore,Ifeltno

fatigue.Successwasnowasexcitingasfailurehadbeendepressing.Humanbeings,Ibelievemusttrytosucceed.Success,then,meansneverfeelingtired.A.

Performancefatigueismoredifficulttohandle.B.Wedoeverythingwecantogetourselvesoutofthisgloomysituation.C.Weexp

eriencethistirednessintwoways:start-upfatigueandperformancefatigue.D.Nothinglikethishadeverbeendonebefore,anddayafterdayIk

eptcomingupwithsolutions.E.Thesolutionisobviousthough-perhapsnoteasytoapply:alwayshandlethemostdifficultjobfirst.F.What'smore,makinguseofyouruncons

ciousnesswiselyalsoproveseffectiveintacklingdifficulttasks.G.Intheweeksthatfollowed,thesolutionwhichhadcomeup

inmyunconsciousmindprovedcorrectateverystep.【答案】44.C45.E46.A47.D48.G【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。围绕失败、疲劳和成功的关系展开论述，以亲身经历为例提出措施如何解决启动疲劳和执行疲劳。【44题详解】

根据上文“Thereisnothingmoretiringthannotsucceeding.(没有什么比不成功更累的了)”和下文“Intheformercase,wekeepputtingoffataskbecauseitwaseitherto

oboringortoodifficult.(在前一种情况下，我们总是推迟一项任务，因为它要么太无聊，要么太难)”可知，空格处应总的指出疲惫感分为两种情况，引出下文。选项C“Weexperiencethist

irednessintwoways:start-upfatigueandperformancefatigue.(我们以两种方式体验这种疲劳：启动疲劳和执行疲劳)”指出了两种疲劳，符合语境。故选C项。【45题详解】根据下文“AndIalwaysstartedthed

ay’sworkwiththedifficulttaskofessay-writing.Theexperienceprovedthattheruleworks.(我每天的工作都是从写作这项艰巨的任务开始的。经验证明这条规则是有效的)”推知，前文应该指出了作者所说的规则是什么。选项

E“Thesolutionisobviousthough-perhapsnoteasytoapply:alwayshandlethemostdifficultjobfirst.(解决方案很明显，但可能不容易应用：总是先处理最

困难的工作)”恰好提出了一个规则，即先处理最困难的事，符合语境。故选E项。【46题详解】下文“Thoughwillingtogetstarted,wecannotseemtodothejobright.(尽管我们愿意开始工作，但我们似乎不能把工

作做好)”指出我们愿意开始工作，即没有启动疲劳，可知本段开始讨论第二种疲劳：执行疲劳。选项A“Performancefatigueismoredifficulttohandle.(执行疲劳更难处理)”符合语

境。故选A项。【47题详解】根据下文“butnoneofthemworked.(但是没有一个奏效)”可知空格处应该指出作者尝试了很多办法，都没有成功。选项D“Nothinglikethishadeverbeen

donebefore,anddayafterdayIkeptcomingupwithsolutions.(以前从来没有这样做过，我日复一日地不断提出解决方案)”表明作者反复提出了许多解决措施，符合语境。故

选D项。【48题详解】根据上文“Anhourlater,Iwokeupsuddenlywiththesolutionclearlyinmind.(一个小时后，我突然醒来，脑海中清晰地浮现出解决方案)”和下文“ThoughIworkedashardas

before,Ifeltnofatigue.Successwasnowasexcitingasfailurehadbeendepressing.(虽然我和以前一样努力工作，但我并不感到疲劳)”推知，作者的方案是凑效的，因此他才没有觉得累。选项G“Inthew

eeksthatfollowed,thesolutionwhichhadcomeupinmyunconsciousmindprovedcorrectateverystep.(在接下来的几周里，我潜意识中想到的

解决方案在每一步都被证明是正确的)”符合语境。故选G项。第三部分：书面表达（共三节，27分）第一节（共4小题：第50、51小题各2分，第52小题3分，第53小题5分：共12分）阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。GoodTasteofKnowledge

Theaimofeducationorcultureismerelythedevelopmentofgoodtasteinknowledgeandgoodforminconduct.Theculturedmanortheidealeducatedmanisnotne

cessarilyonewhoiswell-readorlearned,butonewholikesanddislikestherightthings.Toknowwhattoloveandwhattohateistohavetasteinknowledge.Nothingi

smoreannoyingthantomeetapersonatapartywhosemindiscrammed(填塞)fullwithhistoricaldatesandfiguresandwhoisextreme

lywell-postedoncurrentinternationalaffairs,butwhoseattitudesorpointsofviewareallwrong.Ihavemetsuchpeople.Theydohavegreatacademicknowledg

e,butnogoodjudgmentortaste.Beingknowledgeableisamerematterofthecrammingoffactsorinformationwhilehavinggoodtasteisamatterofar

tisticjudgment.Inspeakingofascholar,theChinesegenerallydistinguishbetweentheirscholarship(学术成就),conductandtaste..Aneducatedman,t

herefore,isonewhohastherightlovesandhatreds.Thiswecalltaste,andwithtastecomescharm.Now,tohavetasterequiresacapacityforthinkingthingsthro

ughtothebottom,theindependenceofjudgment,andtheunwillingnesstobeaffectedbyanyformofpower.Whenamaniswrong,heiswrong,andthereisnoneedfor

onetobeimpressedbyagreatnameorbythenumberofbooksthathehasreadandwehaven't.Taste,then.iscloselyassociatedwithcourage.astheChinesealwaysassociateddan(

“胆”)withshi(“识”)Andcourageorindependenceofjudgment,asweknow,issuchararevirtueamonghumankind.Weseethisintellectualcourage

orindependenceduringthechildhoodofallthinkersandwriterswhoinlaterlifeamounttoanything.Suchapersonrefusestobeimpressedbyaphilosophicvogueorafashiona

bletheory,eventhoughitisbackedbythegreatestname.thisistasteinknowledge.Nodoubtsuchintellectualcourageorindependenceofjudgment

requiresacertainchildish.naveconfidenceinoneself,butthisselfistheonlythingthatonecanclingto.andthemomentastudentgivesup-hisrightofpersonaljudgmen

t,heismforacceptingallthedishonestandinsincereoflife.49.Accordingtotheauthor,whatisthegoalofeducation?_______________________________________________

_____________________________________________50.Whyisawell-readmannotnecessarilyaneducatedone?__________________

__________________________________________________________________________51.Pleasedecidewhichpartisfalseinthefollowingstatement:In

tellectualcourageorindependenceofjudgmentbuildsconfidenceinoneself;thenunderlineitandexplainwhyIntellectualcourageorindependenceofjudgmen

tbuildsconfidenceinoneself.____________________________________________________________________________________________52.Pleasenameonepersonwi

ththequalitiesofdanandshiinChinesehistoryandexplainwhataboutthispersonmakesyouthinkso.(Inabout40words)___

_________________________________________________________________________________________【答案】49.Theaimofeducationismerelythedevel

opmentofgoodtasteinknowledgeandgoodforminconduct.50.Becausetheculturedmanortheidealeducatedmanisnotnecessarilyonewhoiswell-readorle

arned,butonewholikesanddislikestherightthings.Toknowwhattoloveandwhattohateistohavetasteinknowledge.51.Intellectualcourageorindependenceofjudgmentb

uildsconfidenceinoneself.Becausebeingknowledgeableisamerematterofthecrammingoffactsorinformationwhilehavinggoodtasteisamatterofartisticjudgment.

Theindependenceofjudgmentisn’taffectedbyanyformofpower.52.IthinkthepersonwiththequalitiesofdanandshiinChinesehistoryisConfucius,whor

efusedtobeimpressedbyaphilosophicvogueorafashionabletheoryandhadhisownindependenceofjudgment.Confuciusbelievedthattheobjectofeducationshouldbe“t

aughtwithoutclass”.Andheallowedstudentstoattendschoolsregardlessoftheirwealthorrace.【解析】【导语】本文是一篇议论文。主要论述了教育的目的是培养良好的知识鉴赏力和

良好的行为方式以及懂得什么该爱，什么该恨，对知识有鉴赏力的人才是博学的人。【49题详解】考查细节理解。根据文章第一段“Theaimofeducationorcultureismerelythedevelopmentofgoodtasteinknowledge

andgoodforminconduct.(教育或文化的目的仅仅是培养良好的知识鉴赏力和良好的行为方式)”可知，教育的目的是培养良好的知识鉴赏力和良好的行为方式。故答案为Theaimofeducationismerelythedevelopmentofgoodtasteinknowled

geandgoodforminconduct.【50题详解】细节理解题。根据文章第一段“Theculturedmanortheidealeducatedmanisnotnecessarilyonewhoiswell-readorlearned,butonewholikesandd

islikestherightthings.Toknowwhattoloveandwhattohateistohavetasteinknowledge.(有教养的人或理想的有教养的人不一定是博览横书或博学的人，而是喜欢或不喜欢正确的东西的人。懂得什么该爱，什么该恨，就是对知识的鉴赏力)”可知，懂

得什么该爱，什么该恨，对知识有鉴赏力的人才是博学的人。故答案为Becausetheculturedmanortheidealeducatedmanisnotnecessarilyonewhoiswell-readorlearned,butonewholikesanddislikest

herightthings.Toknowwhattoloveandwhattohateistohavetasteinknowledge.【51题详解】推理判断题。根据文章第二段“Beingknowledgeableisa

merematterofthecrammingoffactsorinformationwhilehavinggoodtasteisamatterofartisticjudgment.Inspeakingofascholar,theChines

egenerallydistinguishbetweentheirscholarship(学术成就),conductandtaste.(知识渊博仅仅是对事实或信息的死记硬背，而有良好的品味则是艺术判断。说到学者，中国人一般会把他们的

学识、品行和品位区分开来)”以及文章“Aneducatedman,therefore,isonewhohastherightlovesandhatreds.Thiswecalltaste,andwithtastecomes

charm.Now,tohavetasterequiresacapacityforthinkingthingsthroughtothebottom,theindependenceofjudgment,andtheunwillingnesstobeaffectedbyanyfor

mofpower.(因此，一个受过教育的人是一个有正确的爱与恨的人。我们称之为品味，而伴随着品味而来的是魅力。要有品味，需要有一种彻底思考事物的能力，独立的判断能力，以及不愿受任何形式的权力影响的能力)”可知，独立的判断能建立对自己

的信心。故答案为Intellectualcourageorindependenceofjudgmentbuildsconfidenceinoneself.Becausebeingknowledgeableis

amerematterofthecrammingoffactsorinformationwhilehavinggoodtasteisamatterofartisticjudgment.Theindepend

enceofjudgmentisn’taffectedbyanyformofpower.【52题详解】开放性试题。言之有理即可，注意字数限制。IthinkthepersonwiththequalitiesofdanandshiinChine

sehistoryisConfucius,whorefusedtobeimpressedbyaphilosophicvogueorafashionabletheoryandhadhisownindependenc

eofjudgment.Confuciusbelievedthattheobjectofeducationshouldbe“taughtwithoutclass”.Andheallowedstudentstoat

tendschoolsregardlessoftheirwealthorrace.第二节53.Recentlytherehavebeenincreasingreportsonthefactthatalotofgraduate

swithshinyeducationalbackgroundsareapplyingforthegrassroots(positions.AndthereisanEnglishsaying“abigfishinasmallpond”todescr

ibethephenomenon.Whatisyouropiniononthis?Pleasewritea“for”and“against”essayonthistopic(Youshoulddiscussbothsidesoftheissueandthengiveyourow

nopinion)。_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________【答案】Now,manygraduatesfro

mfamousuniversitiesareapplyingforsomegrass-rootspositions.Manypeopleareinfavorofit.Theythinktheknowledgelearnedintheuniversityshouldbepracticedinth

esociety.Onlyfromthegrass-rootslevelcanweaccumulatemoreexperience.Anditwillsublimatetheknowledgewelearnedintheuniversity.

Butsomepeopledon’tthinkso.Theythinkthatstudentsgraduatedfromfamousschoolshaveahighstartingpoint,soitisbeneficialforthem

tofindahighstartingpointjobthatmatchestheirknowledge.Moreover,thisworkcanalsoprovidethemwiththeresourcesandexperiencetheyneedsot

hattheirtalentscanbefullyutilized.AsfarasIamconcerned,nomatterwhatschoolwegraduatedfrom,itisthemostimportanttofindajobthatsuitsus.How

ever,iftheycangetajobfromahighstartingpoint,Ibelievethatthesegraduatescanplayabiggerroleandmakegreaterachievements.【解析】【导语】本篇书面表达属于议论文。要求考生就越来越多的

名校大学生申请基层职位这一现象进行讨论，给出支持的论点和反对的论点，并给出自己的见解。【详解】1.词汇积累因为：becauseof→dueto有益的：bebeneficialto→beofbenefitto而且：moreover→what’sm

ore提供：provide→offer2.句式拓展简单句变复合句原句：Theythinktheknowledgelearnedintheuniversityshouldbepracticedinthesociety.拓展句：Theythinktheknowledgewhichwer

elearnedintheuniversityshouldbepracticedinthesociety.【点睛】【高分句型1】Moreover,thisworkcanalsoprovidethemwiththeresourcesandexperienc

etheyneedsothattheirtalentscanbefullyutilized.（运用了sothat引导的结果状语从句）【高分句型2】AsfarasIamconcerned,nomatterwhatschoolwegraduatedfrom

,itisthemostimportanttofindajobthatsuitsus.（应用了nomatter+特殊疑问词引导的让步状语从句）获得更多资源请扫码加入享学资源网微信公众号www.xiangxue10

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