【文档说明】北京市中国人民大学附属中学2022-2023学年高二上学期期中考试英语试题 .docx，共(12)页，47.233 KB，由小赞的店铺上传

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2022北京人大附中高二（上）期中英语第一部分：知识应用（共四节，43分）第一节（共10小题：每小题1.5分，共15分）阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。Nooneisbornawinner.Peoplemake

themselvesintowinnersbytheirown____1____.Ilearnedthislessonfromanexperiencemanyyearsago.ItooktheheadcoachingjobataschoolinBaxleyGeorgia.It

wasasmallschoolwithaweakfootballprogram.Itwasatraditionfortheschool'soldteamtoplayagainstthe____2____teamattheendofsprin

gpractice.Theoldteamhadnocoach,andtheydidn’tevenpracticetoprepareforthegame.Beingthecoachofthenewteam,Iwasexci

tedbecauseIknewweweregoingtowin,buttomydisappointment,weweredefeated.Icouldn’tbelieveIhadgotintosuchasituation.Thinkingharda

boutit,IcametorealizethatmyteammightnotbethenumberoneteaminGeorgia,buttheywere____3____me.Ihadtochangemy___

_4____abouttheirabilityandpotential.IstarteddoinganythingIcouldtohelpthembuildalittle____5____.Mostimportantly,Ibegantotre

atthemlike___6___.Thatsummer,whentheotherteamsenjoyedtheirvacations,wemeteverydayandpracticedpassingandkickingthefootball.Sixmonthsaftersufferi

ngourdefeatonthespringpracticefield,wewonourfirstgameandoursecondandcontinuedtoimprove.Finally,wefacedthenumberoneteaminthesta

te.Ifeltthatitwouldbea____7____forusevenifwelostthegame.Butthatwasn’twhathappened.MyboysbeatthebestteaminGeorgia,givingmeoneofthegreatest____8

____ofmylife!Fromtheexperience,Ilearnedalotabouthowtheattitudeoftheleadercanaffectthemembersofateam.Insteadofseeingmyboysaslosers,Ipushed

and____9____them.Ihelpedthemtoseethemselves______10______,andtheybuiltthemselvesintowinners.Winnersaremade,no

tborn.1.A.luckB.effortsC.testsD.nature2.A.excellentB.successfulC.newD.strong3.A.dependingonB.lookingforC.reactingtoD.caringabo

ut4.A.intentionB.conclusionC.decisionD.attitude5.A.cultureB.fortuneC.relationshipD.pride6.A.winnersB

.leadersC.learnersD.part,7.A.burdenB.victoryC.shameD.favor8.A.offersB.concernsC.thrillsD.chances9.A.observedB

.encouragedC.impressedD.protected10.A.calmlyB.honestlyC.differentlyD.individually第二节（共10小题：每小题1分，共10分）在未给提示词的空白处仅

填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。请在答题卡指定区域内作答。11.____________(wait)forherfortwohoursinthepark,Ihadtoleave.(所给词的适当形式填空)12.Studentsare____________(a

ppreciate)ofthehelpfromthesevolunteerteachers.(所给词的适当形式填空)13.Herealizesthatahugeamountofpaper,printedonlyone-sided,iswasted,andthereforecomm

itshimselfto____________(recyclable)it.(所给词的适当形式填空)14.Becausethemoon’sbodyblocksdirectradiocommunications,w

ehadtoputasatelliteinorbitabovethemooninaspot,____________itcouldsendsignalstothespacecraftandtoEarth.(用适当的词填空)15

.Thecashlesspayingsystem____________(install)threeyearsagohelpsreducestudentsqueueingtime.(所给词的适当形式填空)16.Ih

eardapassengerbehindme____________(shout)tothedriver,andherefusedtostopuntilwereachedthenextstop.(所给词的适当形式填空)17.T

hesearethepaperstobereviewed,allof____________areintendedforthecomingexams.(用适当的词填空)18.ZhongyuanFestival,orGhostFestival,isnotasadday,b

uttimetocelebrate____________reunion(重聚)offamilies.19.Nowadays,manypeopleareaddicted____________TikTok,whichisnotaveryproducti

vewayoflife.(用适当的词填空)第三节（共10小题；每小题1分，共10分）请用方框中词组的适当形式填空，有一项为多余选项。每个词组只可以使用一次。geton,turnone’sbackon,set..apart,boildownto,applyoneself

to,wrapup,setout,stressedout,doone’spart,berelatedto,makesense20.It____________onesimplefact:thissocietyrewardseffortsrat

herthanresults.21.Whenhecameback,Iaskedhimhowhe____________attheinterview.22.Inthepast,muchofthecrimeinthisarea__

__________drugabuse.23.Peoplecommentedthatherclearandelegantstyle____________frommostotherjournalists.24.Eventoday,itstill__________

__tostartsavingearlyforhighereducation.25.Overthepasttwoyears,she____________herstudieswithdedication.26.Itisnousegetting____________fo

ritisonlygoingtomakethingsworse.27.Thenegotiationsareexpectedto____________withinsixtydays.28.She____

________themwhentheyneededherprovedheruntrustworthy.29.Thenextmorning,hehiredaboatand____________tofindthewell-knownpainter.第四节（共4小题：

每小题2分，共8分）使用所给提示，翻译下列句子。只需要将所填写内容，写在答题卡指定区域内。30.无论遇到什么困难，我们都能解决。（whatever）Wecansolve____________.31.没有你的帮助，所有的这一切都无法

实现。（虚拟条件句）Allofthis_________,withoutyourhelp.32.我宁愿骑车上学，而不搭计程车。（wouldrather...than...）I________________.33.真正重要的不是发生了什么，而是你如何去应对所发生的事情。（not.

..but...）Itis___________________thattrulymatters第二部分：阅读理解（共两节，30分）第一节（共10小题：每小题2分，共20分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、

B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。AWhoisaRealDanger?CyclistsorPedestrians?Wearehavingadebateaboutthistopic.Hereares

omelettersfromourreaders.Yes,manycyclistsbehavedangerously.Manydriversaredisrespectfulofcyclists.But

pedestriansareprobablytheworstoffenders.Peopleofallageshappilywalkalongthepavementwitheyesandhandsgluedtotheirmobilephones,quiteunawareofwhatisgoin

gonaroundthem.Theymayevendothesamethingwhilecrossingaroadatapedestriancrossingorelsewhere.Therestofushavetoevade(避

让)themorjuststandstilltowaitfortheunavoidablecollision.Therealproblemisthatsomepedestriansseemtobe,atleastforthemoment,inworldsofth

eirownthatare,tothem,muchmoreimportantthanthewelfareofothers.—MichaelHoranIlovetheletterfromBobBrooksaboutcy

clists(Viewpoints,May29).Iamafraidtheyseemtothinktheyown.theroads.IwaswalkingacrossAltrinchamRoadonemorningwhenacyclistwent

roundmeand,onbeingaskedwhathewasdoing,shoutedatme.Thegovernmentbuiltacyclelaneontheroad,butitishardlyused.Thepolicedonothi

ng.Whatalaughtheyare!Thecyclistsshouldallhavetobemadetousethecyclelanesandwearhelmets,fluorescent(发荧光的)jacketsandli

ghtsatnightandinthemorning.Theyshouldpaysomesortoftaxandbefinedfornotwearingthem.—CarolHarveyCyclistsjumponandoffpavements(whicharemeantforpedestrian

s),rideatspeedalongthepavements,andthinktheyhaveaspecialrighttogothroughtrafficlightswhentheyareonred.Iwasalmostk

nockeddownrecentlybyacyclistridingonthepavementwhentherewasacyclelanerightnexttohim.Otherroadusers,includinghorseriders,manag

etoobeytherules.Sowhynotcyclists?It’sabouttimetheywereregisteredandinsured,sowhentheydohitapedestrianoravehicleorcauseanaccident,atleasttheycanbet

reatedandtheremightbeanopportunitytoclaimcompensation.—JMLWritetoViewpointsofthenewspaper.34.MichaelHoranwrotethelettermainlytoshow

that__________.A.walkingwhileusingphoneshurtsone’seyesB.somepedestriansareathreattoroadsafetyC.roadaccident

scanactuallybeavoidedD.driversshouldbepolitetocyclists35.CarolHarveysuggeststhatcyclistsshould__________.AbeprovidedwithenoughroadsB.bemadetopayle

sstaxforcyclingC.beaskedtorideontheirownlanesD.befinedforlaughingatpolicemen36.Thethreeletterspresentviewpo

intson__________.A.waystoimproveroadsafetyB.therealsourceofroaddangerC.measurestopunishroadoffencesD.increasedawarenessofroadrulesBTheLife

cycleofaT-shirtWeallprobablyhavealotofT-shirts,butdoyoueverstopandthinkabouttheinfluenceofaT-shirtonthe.planet?You'dprobablybesur

prisedtolearnwhat'sinvolvedinthelifecycleofjustoneT-shirt.Thereare5majorstages：material,production,sh

ipping,useanddisposal(处理).Thematerialstageinvolvesfarming,irrigating,fertilizing,harvestingandginning.Whilecottonisa

naturalfiber(纤维)andnotasharmfultotheenvironmentasman-madefibers,itstilltakesatollinthematerialandproductionstages.Commercialcotto

nfarmingusesalargeamountofwater,andtheuseofpesticides(杀虫剂)iswidespreadacrosstheglobe,especiallyincottonfarming.

Studieshaveshownthatfarmersspendaround$4.1billiononpesticidesannually,ofwhich25%wasspentoncottoncropsintheUS.Oncethecottonisgrownandharvested,sobegi

nstheproductionstage:spinning,knitting,bleaching,dyeing,cutting,sewing,etc.—theseprocessesalsouseagreatdealofwaterandenergy.Commercialdyesa

ndbleachesareharmfulpollutants,andcaneventuallypollutegroundwater.AftertheT-shirtisproduced,itentersthetransport

ationstag.Thisofteninvolvesoverseasshipping.Takealookinyourcloset.Chancesarethatmostofyourcottongarments(衣服)ar

emadeinChinaorIndia.Garmentscanbeshippedviaplane,shiportruck,allofwhichspillCO2intotheatmosphere.Calcu

lationsshowthatCO2emissionsfromlighttrucksaloneamountto1.15poundspermile.OnceT-shirtreachestheretailmarket,itispurchased.

Thisstagemayseemliketheleastenvironmentallydamagingpart.Butconsiderthenumberoftimesyou'vewashedanddri

edyourfavoriteT-shirt.Washingmachinesarecertainlybecomingmoreefficient.However,theaverageAmericanhouseholddoes400loadsoflaundryperyear,usingabo

ut40gallonsofwaterperload.Suchexcessivewateruseiscombinedwiththelargeamountofenergyusedbydryers.Thefi

nalstageoflifeisdisposal.Thisreleaseharmfulemissions,orinvolvesalandfillwherecottontakesyearstobreakdown.CurrentUSrecordsshowthatanestimated15%ofclo

thesandshoesarerecycled,whichmeansthatconsumerssendashocking85%ofthesematerialstolandfills.Weallneednewclothesever

yonceinawhile,butlet'salltrytokeepinmindwhatgoesintotheproductionofclothing.Ithasarealimpactontheplanet.Therearealo

tofthingsandyoucandotohelpreduceyourimpact.Reuseandrecycledclothes.Ifthey'retoowornouttowear,cutthemupandusethemascleaningr

ags.Donatethemtocharityoranotherorganizationthatrecyclestextiles.Whenpossible,makeanefforttobuyorgani

ccotton.Turndownthethermostat(恒温器)onyourwasher,andlinedryyourclotheswhentheweatherwillallowit.37.Theunderlinedphrase“takesato

ll”probablymeans“___________”.A.usesenergyB.wasteswaterC.hasabadeffectD.takesalotoftime38.Whatcanbeinferredfromthispassage?A.Theusestageistheleas

tenvironmentallyharmfulofthefivestages.B.Cottonclothesareburiedbecausetheyarehardtobreakdown.C.Theclothingcostisrelativelylowin

ChinaandIndia.DTheproductionprocessmayaffectwatersafety.39.Whatisthepurposeofthisarticle?A.Tointroducethefivestagesinthelifecycleofclothin

g.B.Topersuadepeopletopurchasemoreorganiccotton.C.Topromoteeco-friendlyactionsrelatedtoclothes.D.Toe

ncouragepeopletodonateclothestocharity.CEudaimoniaisanAncientGreekword,particularlystressedbythephilosophersPlatoandAristotle,which

deservesfarmoreattentionthanithasbecauseitcorrectstheshortfalls(缺失）inoneofthemostcentral,buttroublingwordsinourmodemlangu

age:happiness.Whenwenowadaystrytoclearlyexpressthepurposeofourlives，itistheword“happiness”thatwecommonlyturnto.Wet

ellourselvesandothersthatthemostimportantprincipleforourjobs,ourrelationshipsandtheconductofourday-to-daylivesisthepursuitof

happiness.Itsoundslikeaninnocentenoughidea,buttoomuchrelianceonthetermmeansthatwefrequentlyunfairlytendtoquitor,atleast,

heavilyquestionagreatmanychallengingbutworthwhilesituations.TheAncientGreeksdidnotbelievethatthepurposeoflifewastobehappy;theypropose

dthatitwastoachieveEudaimonia,awordwhichhasbeenbesttranslatedas“fulfilment”.Whatdistinguisheshappinessfromfulfilmentispain.Itisverypossibletob

efulfilledand—atthesametime—underpressure,sufferingphysicallyormentally,overburdenedand,quitefrequently,inanirritable(易怒的）mood.Thisisa

slightpsychologicaldifferencethatishardfortheword“happiness”tocapture,forit’strickytospeakofbeinghappyyetunhappy,orhappyyetsuf

fering.However,suchacombinationisreadilyaccommodatedwithintherespectedandnoble-soundingideaofEudaimonia.Thewordencoura

gesustotrustthatmanyoflife’smostworthwhileprojectswillsometimesbeinconflictwithcontentment,andyetwillbeworthpursuing.Properlyexploring

ourprofessionaltalents,managingahousehold,keepingarelationshipgoing,creatinganewbusinessventureorengaginginpolitics...noneofthesegoalsarelikelytol

eaveuscheerfulandgrinningonadailybasis.Theywill,infact,involveusinallmannerofchallengesthatwilldeepl

yexhaustandweakenus,provoke(激怒）andwoundus.Andyetwewillperhaps,attheendofourlives,stillfeelthatthetaskswereworthundertaking.Throught

hem,we’llhaveachievedsomethingdeeperandmoreinterestingthanhappiness..WiththewordEudaimoniainmind,wec

anstopimaginingthatweareaimingforapain-freeexistence—andthenblamingourselvesunfairlyforbeinginabadmood.We’llknowthatwearetryingtodosomethingf

armoreimportantthansmileallthetime:we'restrivingtodojusticetoourfullhumanpotential.40.Whatdoweknowabout“Eudaimonia”fromthepassa

ge?A.ItwasfirstcreatedbytwoGreekphilosophers.B.Ithasreceivedalotofattentionfromthepublic.C.Itstillhassomeshortfallsthatneedtobecorrected.D.Itwasreg

ardedasthepurposeoflifeinancientGreece.41.AccordingtoParagraph3,happiness.A.istheoppositeoffulfillmentB.isfreefromphysicalormentalpainC.stresse

sthepsychologicaldifferenceD.servesasarespectedandnoblelifegoal42.Wecanlearnfromthepassagethat.A.aimingforhappinessmayl

eadtowrongself-blamingB.goalsthatwoundandweakenusresultinhappinessC.challengesleadingtocontentmentarewor

thundertakingD.feelingfulfilledmeansweshouldavoidtoughsituations43Thepassageencouragesthereadersto.A.findfulfillmentwi

thalleffortsB.seekforapain-freeexistenceC.keepoptimisticwhateverhappensD.balancehappinessandsuffering第二节（共5小题：每小

题2分，共10分）根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。Failureisprobablythemostexhaustingexperienceapersoneverhas.Th

ereisnothingmoretiringthannotsucceeding._____44_____Intheformercase,wekeepputtingoffataskbecauseitwaseithertooboringortoodifficult.

Andthelongerwedelayit,themoretiredwefeel.Suchstart-upfatigueisveryreal,evenifnotactuallyphysical,notsomethinginourmusclesandbone

s._____45_____Yearsago,Iwasaskedtowrite102essaysonthegreatideasofsomefamousauthors.Applyingmyownrule,Ideterminedtowritethemalphabet

ically,neverlettingmyselfleaveoutatoughidea.AndIalwaysstartedtheday's.workwiththedifficulttaskofessay-writing.Theexperienceprovedthattheru

leworks._____46_____Thoughwillingtogetstarted,wecannotseemtodothejobright.Itsdifficultiesappearsogreatthat,howeverh

ardwework,wefailagainandagain.Insuchasituation,IworkashardasIcan--thenlettheunconscious(无意识的)takeover.WhenplanningEncyclopaediaBritannica,Ihadto

createatableofcontentsbasedonthetopicsofitsarticles.___47___butnoneofthemworked.Myfatiguebecamealmostunbearable.Oneday

,mentallyexhausted,Iwrotedownallthereasonswhythisproblemcouldnotbesolved.Itriedtoconvincemyselfthatthetroublewaswiththeproblemitself,

notwithme.Relieved,Isatbackinaneasychairandfellasleep.Anhourlater,Iwokeupsuddenlywiththesolutionclearlyinmind._____48_____T

houghIworkedashardasbefore,Ifeltnofatigue.Successwasnowasexcitingasfailurehadbeendepressing.Humanbeings,Ibelievemusttrytosucceed.Success,

then,meansneverfeelingtired.A.Performancefatigueismoredifficulttohandle.B.Wedoeverythingwecantogetourselvesoutofthisgloomysituation.C.Weexperience

thistirednessintwoways:start-upfatigueandperformancefatigue.D.Nothinglikethishadeverbeendonebefore,anddayafterdayIkeptcomingupwithsoluti

ons.E.Thesolutionisobviousthough-perhapsnoteasytoapply:alwayshandlethemostdifficultjobfirst.F.What'smore,makinguseofyourunconsciousnesswiselyalso

proveseffectiveintacklingdifficulttasks.G.Intheweeksthatfollowed,thesolutionwhichhadcomeupinmyunconsciousmindprovedcorrectateverystep.第三部分：书面

表达（共三节，27分）第一节（共4小题：第50、51小题各2分，第52小题3分，第53小题5分：共12分）阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。GoodTasteofKnowledgeTheaimofeducationorcultureismerelythede

velopmentofgoodtasteinknowledgeandgoodforminconduct.Theculturedmanortheidealeducatedmanisnotnecessarilyonewhoiswell-readorlearned,bu

tonewholikesanddislikestherightthings.Toknowwhattoloveandwhattohateistohavetasteinknowledge.Nothingismoreannoyingthantomeetapersonatapartywhosem

indiscrammed(填塞)fullwithhistoricaldatesandfiguresandwhoisextremelywell-postedoncurrentinternationalaff

airs,butwhoseattitudesorpointsofviewareallwrong.Ihavemetsuchpeople.Theydohavegreatacademicknowledge,butnogoodjudgmentortaste.Be

ingknowledgeableisamerematterofthecrammingoffactsorinformationwhilehavinggoodtasteisamatterofartisticjudgm

ent.Inspeakingofascholar,theChinesegenerallydistinguishbetweentheirscholarship(学术成就),conductandtaste..Aneducatedman,

therefore,isonewhohastherightlovesandhatreds.Thiswecalltaste,andwithtastecomescharm.Now,tohavetasterequiresacapacityforthink

ingthingsthroughtothebottom,theindependenceofjudgment,andtheunwillingnesstobeaffectedbyanyformofpower.Whenamaniswrong,heiswrong

,andthereisnoneedforonetobeimpressedbyagreatnameorbythenumberofbooksthathehasreadandwehaven't.Taste,then.isclos

elyassociatedwithcourage.astheChinesealwaysassociateddan(“胆”)withshi(“识”)Andcourageorindependenceofjudgment,asw

eknow,issuchararevirtueamonghumankind.Weseethisintellectualcourageorindependenceduringthechildhoodofallt

hinkersandwriterswhoinlaterlifeamounttoanything.Suchapersonrefusestobeimpressedbyaphilosophicvogueorafashionabletheory,

eventhoughitisbackedbythegreatestname.thisistasteinknowledge.Nodoubtsuchintellectualcourageorindependenceofjudgmentrequiresacertainchildish.navec

onfidenceinoneself,butthisselfistheonlythingthatonecanclingto.andthemomentastudentgivesup-hisrightofpersonaljudgment,heismforacceptingallthedi

shonestandinsincereoflife.49.Accordingtotheauthor,whatisthegoalofeducation?________________________________________________

____________________________________________50.Whyisawell-readmannotnecessarilyaneducatedone?__________________________

__________________________________________________________________51.Pleasedecidewhichpartisfalseinthefollowingstatement:Intellect

ualcourageorindependenceofjudgmentbuildsconfidenceinoneself;thenunderlineitandexplainwhyIntellectualcourageorindependenceofjudgmentbuildsc

onfidenceinoneself.____________________________________________________________________________________________52.Pleasenameonepersonwiththeq

ualitiesofdanandshiinChinesehistoryandexplainwhataboutthispersonmakesyouthinkso.(Inabout40words)_______________

_____________________________________________________________________________第二节53.Recentlytherehavebeenincreasi

ngreportsonthefactthatalotofgraduateswithshinyeducationalbackgroundsareapplyingforthegrassroots(positions.AndthereisanEnglish

saying“abigfishinasmallpond”todescribethephenomenon.Whatisyouropiniononthis?Pleasewritea“for”and“against”essayonthi

stopic(Youshoulddiscussbothsidesoftheissueandthengiveyourownopinion)。________________________________

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