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2022北京人大附中高二（上）期中英语第一部分：知识应用（共四节，43分）第一节（共10小题：每小题1.5分，共15分）阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。Nooneisbornawinner.Peoplem

akethemselvesintowinnersbytheirown____1____.Ilearnedthislessonfromanexperiencemanyyearsago.ItooktheheadcoachingjobataschoolinBaxley,Georgia.

Itwasasmallschoolwithaweakfootballprogram.Itwasatraditionfortheschool'soldteamtoplayagainstthe____2____teamattheendofspri

ngpractice.Theoldteamhadnocoach,andtheydidn’tevenpracticetoprepareforthegame.Beingthecoachofthenewte

am,IwasexcitedbecauseIknewweweregoingtowin,buttomydisappointment,weweredefeated.Icouldn’tbelieveIhadgotintosuchasituation.Thinkinghardabou

tit,IcametorealizethatmyteammightnotbethenumberoneteaminGeorgia,buttheywere____3____me.Ihadtochangemy____4____abouttheirabili

tyandpotential.IstarteddoinganythingIcouldtohelpthembuildalittle____5____.Mostimportantly,Ibegantotreatthemlike___6___.Thatsumme

r,whentheotherteamsenjoyedtheirvacations,wemeteverydayandpracticedpassingandkickingthefootball.Sixmonthsaftersufferingourdefeatonthespr

ingpracticefield,wewonourfirstgameandoursecondandcontinuedtoimprove.Finally,wefacedthenumberoneteaminthestate.Ifeltthatitwouldbea____7__

__forusevenifwelostthegame.Butthatwasn’twhathappened.MyboysbeatthebestteaminGeorgia,givingmeoneofthegreatest____8____ofmylife!Fromtheexp

erience,Ilearnedalotabouthowtheattitudeoftheleadercanaffectthemembersofateam.Insteadofseeingmyboysaslosers,Ipushedand____9____them.Ihelpedthemtosee

themselves______10______,andtheybuiltthemselvesintowinners.Winnersaremade,notborn.1.A.luckB.effortsC.testsD.nature2.A.excellentB.successfulC.newD.str

ong3.A.dependingonB.lookingforC.reactingtoD.caringabout4.A.intentionB.conclusionC.decisionD.attitude5.A.cultureB.fortuneC.rel

ationshipD.pride6.A.winnersB.leadersC.learnersD.part7.A.burdenB.victoryC.shameD.favor8.A.offersB.concernsC.thrillsD.

chances9.A.observedB.encouragedC.impressedD.protected10.A.calmlyB.honestlyC.differentlyD.individually【答案】1.B2.C3.A4.D5.D6.A7.

B8.C9.B10.C【解析】【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了多年前作者担任过一个学校足球队的教练，在一次比赛中输给了学校的老队。作者开始反思，不停的训练和鼓励队员，最终不可思议的赢得州里最强的对手。从这次经历中，作者感悟到：没有人天生就是赢家

，只有依靠自己的努力才能成为赢家。【1题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：人们通过自己的努力使自己成为胜利者。A.luck运气；B.efforts努力；C.tests测试；D.nature自然。根据“Nooneisbornawinner.”

可知，人们需要通过努力才能成为胜利者。故选B。【2题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在春季训练结束时，学校的老队与新队进行比赛是一项传统。A.excellent优秀的；B.successful成功的；C.new新的；D.strong强壮的。根据“Itwasatrad

ition”和“Beingthecoachofthenewteam”可知，此处表示学校的老队和新队进行比赛。故选C。【3题详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：仔细想了想，我意识到我的球队可能不是乔治亚州最好的球队，但他们依赖我。A.dependingon依靠；B.lookingfor寻找；C.r

eactingto对……有反应；D.caringabout关心，在意。根据“Beingthecoachofthenewteam,”和“Ihadtochangemyabouttheirabilityandpotential.”可知，作为教练，孩子们还要依靠作者，作者需要做出改变。故选A。【4题详解】

考查名词词义辨析。句意：我必须改变我对他们的能力和潜力的态度。A.intention意图，打算；B.conclusion结论；C.decision决定；D.attitude态度。根据“Beingthecoachofthenewteam,IwasexcitedbecauseIknewwe

weregoingtowin,buttomydisappointment,weweredefeated.(作为新队的教练，我很兴奋，因为我知道我们会赢，但令我失望的是，我们被击败了。)”可知，作者轻视

对手导致了失败，因此要改变态度。故选D。【5题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：我开始尽我所能帮助他们建立自豪感。A.culture文化；B.fortune运气；C.relationship关系；D.pride骄傲，自豪。根据“buttomydisappointment,weweredefe

ated.”和“Ibegantotreatthemlike___6___”可知，作者在比赛失败后尽自己所能帮助孩子们建立自豪感。故选D。【6题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：最重要的是，我开始像对待胜利者一样对待他们。A.winners获胜者；B.leaders领导；C.learners学习者；

D.part部分。根据“Insteadofseeingmyboysaslosers”可知，作者像对待胜利者一样对待他们。故选A。【7题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：我觉得即使我们输了比赛，这对我们来说也

是一场胜利。A.burden负担；B.victory胜利；C.shame羞愧；D.favor赞成，偏爱。根据“Finally,wefacedthenumberoneteaminthestate.”可知，作者认为面

对最强的队伍，即使输了比赛也是一场胜利。故选B。【8题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：我的孩子们打败了乔治亚州最好的球队，给了我一生中最大的兴奋之一!A.offers提议；B.concerns关心，忧虑；C.thrills兴奋，

激动；D.chances机会。根据“MyboysbeatthebestteaminGeorgia”可知，作者的队伍打败了乔治亚州最好的球队，这是令人兴奋的事。故选C。【9题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：我没有把我的孩子们视为失败者，而是敦促和鼓励他们。A.observed观察；B.enco

uraged鼓励；C.impressed使印象深刻；D.protected保护。根据上文“Insteadofseeingmyboysaslosers,Ipushed”可知，作者把孩子们视为胜利者，不断地鼓励他们。故选B。【10题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：我帮助他们

以不同的方式看待自己，他们把自己打造成了胜利者。A.calmly冷静地；B.honestly诚实地；C.differently不同地；D.individually单独地，分别地。根据上文“IstarteddoinganythingIcouldtohelpthembuildalittle_

___5____.Mostimportantly,Ibegantotreatthemlike___6___.”可知，作者帮助他们以不同的方式看待自己。故选C。第二节（共10小题：每小题1分，共10分）在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单

词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。请在答题卡指定区域内作答。11.____________(wait)forherfortwohoursinthepark,Ihadtoleave.(所给词的适当形式填空)【答案】Hav

ingwaited【解析】【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：在公园等了她两个小时之后，我不得不离开了。分析句子结构和意思可知，句子主语I是动词wait的发出者，存在逻辑上的主谓关系，所以用现在分词形式，表示主动；动词wait发生在谓语动词hadtolea

ve之前，所以用现在分词的完成式。故填Havingwaited。12.Studentsare____________(appreciate)ofthehelpfromthesevolunteerteachers.(所给词的适当形式填空)【答案】apprecia

tive【解析】【详解】考查形容词。句意：学生们非常感谢这些支教老师的帮助。设空处在句中作表语，应用形容词的形式，beappreciativeof感激……，故填appreciative。13.Herealizesthatahug

eamountofpaper,printedonlyone-sided,iswasted,andthereforecommitshimselfto____________(recyclable)it.(所给

词的适当形式填空)【答案】recycling【解析】【详解】考查动名词以及固定搭配。句意：他意识到只有单面印刷的大量纸张被浪费了，因此他致力于回收利用。分析句子可知，设空处构成固定短语commitoneselftodoing致力于做某

事，应填动名词做宾语。故填recycling。14.Becausethemoon’sbodyblocksdirectradiocommunications,wehadtoputasatelliteinorbitabovethemooninaspot,___________

_itcouldsendsignalstothespacecraftandtoEarth.(用适当的词填空)【答案】where【解析】【详解】考查定语从句。句意：因为月球挡住了与探测器的直接无线电通讯，我们首先必须把一颗人造卫星送入月球轨道上的一个点，人造卫星可以在这个点向

航天器和地球发射信号。分析句子可知，空处引导一个定语从句，先行词是aspot，关系词替代先行词在从句中作地点状语，应用where引导。故填where。15.Thecashlesspayingsystem____________(in

stall)threeyearsagohelpsreducestudentsqueueingtime.(所给词的适当形式填空)【答案】installed【解析】【详解】考查过去分词。句意：三年前安装的无现金支付系统有助于减少学生排队时间。分

析句子可知，设空处作定语修饰名词system，二者之间是被动关系，应填过去分词形式。故填installed。16.Iheardapassengerbehindme____________(shout)tothedriver,

andherefusedtostopuntilwereachedthenextstop.(所给词的适当形式填空)【答案】shouting【解析】【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：我听到身后一名乘客向司机喊叫，他拒绝停车

，直到我们到达下一站。hearsb.doingsth.“听到某人做某事”，现在分词作宾语补足语，和宾语之间存在主动关系，表示正在进行的动作。故填shouting。17.Thesearethepaperstobereviewed,allof_________

___areintendedforthecomingexams.(用适当的词填空)【答案】which【解析】【详解】考查定语从句。句意：这些是要复习的论文，都是为即将到来的考试准备的。设空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词为thepapers，指物，空前为介词，应用which。故填wh

ich。18.ZhongyuanFestival,orGhostFestival,isnotasadday,buttimetocelebrate____________reunion(重聚)offamilies.

【答案】the【解析】【详解】考查冠词。句意：中元节，又称鬼节，不是一个悲伤的日子，而是庆祝家人团聚的时刻。根据句意及所给句子可知，此处特指“家人团聚”，应用定冠词。故填the。19.Nowadays,m

anypeopleareaddicted____________TikTok,whichisnotaveryproductivewayoflife.(用适当的词填空)【答案】to【解析】【详解】考查介词。句意：如今，许多人沉迷于抖音，这不是一种富有成效的生活方式。分析

句意可知此处填介词to，构成beaddictedto，表示“沉迷于……”。故填to。第三节（共10小题；每小题1分，共10分）请用方框中词组的适当形式填空，有一项为多余选项。每个词组只可以使用一次。geton,t

urnone’sbackon,set..apart,boildownto,applyoneselfto,wrapup,setout,stressedout,doone’spart,berelatedto,makesens

e20.It____________onesimplefact:thissocietyrewardseffortsratherthanresults.21.Whenhecameback,Iaskedhimhowhe______

______attheinterview.22.Inthepast,muchofthecrimeinthisarea____________drugabuse.23.Peoplecommentedthatherclearandelegantstyle

____________frommostotherjournalists.24.Eventoday,itstill____________tostartsavingearlyforhighereducation.25.Overthepast

twoyears,she____________herstudieswithdedication.26.Itisnousegetting____________foritisonlygoingtomakethingsworse.27.Thenegotiationsaree

xpectedto____________withinsixtydays.28.She____________themwhentheyneededherprovedheruntrustworthy.29.Thenextmorning,hehir

edaboatand____________tofindthewell-knownpainter.【答案】20.boilsdownto21.goton22.wasrelatedto23.setherapart24.makessens

e25.hasappliedherselfto26.stressedout27.bewrappedup28.turnedherbackon29.setout【解析】【20题详解】考查动词短语和时态。句意：这可以归结为一个简单的事实：这个社会奖励努力而不是结果。根据句意“归结为”可知，动词短语

boildownto符合题意，此处陈述客观事实，使用一般现在时，主语为it，谓语动词使用第三人称单数形式。故填boilsdownto。【21题详解】考查动词短语和时态。句意：他回来后，我问他面试进展如何。根据句意“取得进展”可知，动词短语g

eton符合题意，结合“cameback”和“asked”可知，使用一般过去时。故填goton。【22题详解】考查动词短语和时态。句意：过去，这一地区的许多犯罪都与滥用毒品有关。根据句意“与……相关”可知，动词短语berelatedto符合题意，结合时间状语

“Inthepast”可知，使用一般过去时，主语为muchofthecrime，be动词用was。故填wasrelatedto。【23题详解】考查动词短语和时态。句意：人们评价说，她清晰、优雅的风格使她在大多数记者中脱颖而出。根据句意“使……

脱颖而出”可知，动词短语set…apart符合题意，结合“commented”可知，此处使用一般过去时。故填setherapart。【24题详解】考查动词短语和时态。句意：即使在今天，为接受高等教育尽早开始储蓄仍然是有意义的。根据句意“有

意义”可知，动词短语makesense符合题意，结合时间状语“today”可知，使用一般现在时，主语为it，谓语动词使用第三人称单数形式。故填makessense。【25题详解】考查动词短语和时态。句意：在过去的两年里，她全身心地投入到她的学习中

。根据句意“全身心投入”可知，动词短语applyoneselfto符合题意，结合时间状语“Overthepasttwoyears”可知，此处使用现在完成时，主语为she，助动词用has。故填hasappliedhersel

fto。【26题详解】考查固定短语。句意：压力太大是没有用的，因为它只会使事情变得更糟。根据句意“压力大”可知，动词短语getstressedout符合题意。故填stressedout。【27题详解】考查动词短语和被动语态。句意：预

计谈判将在60天内结束。根据句意“结束”可知，动词短语wrapup符合题意，beexpectedtodosth.为固定搭配，表示“预计做某事”，空处需填动词原形，Thenegotiations和wrapup为被动关系，需填被动语态。故填bewrappedup。【28题详解】考查动词短语和时态。句

意：当他们需要她时，她却背弃了他们证明她不值得信赖。根据句意“背弃”可知，动词短语turnone’sbackon符合题意，结合“needed”和“proved”可知，使用一般过去时。故填turnedherbackon。29题详解】考查动词

短语和时态。句意：第二天早上，他租了一条船，出发去寻找这位著名的画家。根据句意“出发”可知，动词短语setout符合题意，结合“hired”可知，此处使用一般过去时。故填setout。第四节（共4小题：每小题2分，共8分）使用所给提示，翻译下列句子。只需要将所填写内容，写在答题卡指定区域内。30

.无论遇到什么困难，我们都能解决。（whatever）Wecansolve____________.【答案】whateverdifficultieswecomeacross【解析】【详解】考查宾语从句。根据句意及所给句子可知，此处使用whatever引导宾语从句，“遇到”使用动词短语com

eacross，“无论什么困难”使用whateverdifficulties，在从句中作宾语，句子陈述目前的状态，应用一般现在时。故填whateverdifficultieswecomeacross。31.没有你的帮助

，所有的这一切都无法实现。（虚拟条件句）Allofthis_________,withoutyourhelp.【【答案】wouldn’thavecometrue【解析】【详解】考查虚拟语气。分析句子结构和意思可知，这里有withoutyourhelp做

条件，句子谓语用虚拟语气，这句话描述的是过去的事情，所以用对过去的虚拟的谓语动词结构would/could/should/might+havedone。表示“实现”应用动词短语cometrue。故填wouldn’thavecometrue。32.我宁愿骑车上学，而不

搭计程车。（wouldrather...than...）I________________.【答案】wouldrathergotoschoolbybikethanbytaxi【解析】【详解】考查动词短语和介词短语。表示“宁愿……而不愿……”应用wouldr

atherdo...thando...；表示“骑车”为介词短语bybike，在句中作状语；表示“搭计程车”介词短语为bytaxi，在句中作状语。故填wouldrathergotoschoolbybikethanbytaxi。33.真正重要的不是发生了什么，而是你如何去应对所发生的事情。（n

ot...but...）Itis___________________thattrulymatters.【答案】notwhathappenedbuthowyoureacttoit【解析】【详解】考查固定句式。分析句意

可知，此句使用固定结构not...but...表示“不是……而是……”做真正主语从句；“发生了什么”可用whathappened表示；“你如何应对所发生的事”可用howyoureacttoit，其中reactto表示

“应对”，it用于指代前文出现的“发生的事”。整个句子是强调句，对主语“notwhathappenedbuthowyoureacttoit”进行强调。故答案为notwhathappenedbuthowyoureacttoit。第二部分：阅读理解（共两节，30分）第一节（共10小题：每小题2

分，共20分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。AWhoisaRealDanger?CyclistsorPedestrians?Wearehavin

gadebateaboutthistopic.Herearesomelettersfromourreaders.Yesmanycyclistsbehavedangerously.Manydriversaredisrespectfulofcyclists.Butp

edestriansareprobablytheworstoffenders.Peopleofallageshappilywalkalongthepavementwitheyesandhandsgluedto

theirmobilephones,quiteunawareofwhatisgoingonaroundthem.Theymayevendothesamethingwhilecrossingaroadatapedestrian,crossingorelsewhere.The

restofushavetoevade(避让)themorjuststandstilltowaitfortheunavoidablecollision.Therealproblemisthatsomepe

destriansseemtobe,atleastforthemoment,inworldsoftheirownthatare,tothem,muchmoreimportantthanthewelfareofothe

rs.—MichaelHoranIlovetheletterfromBobBrooksaboutcyclists(Viewpoints,May29).Iamafraidtheyseemtothinkth

eyowntheroads.IwaswalkingacrossAltrinchamRoadonemorningwhenacyclistwentroundmeand,onbeingaskedwhathewasdoing,shoutedatme.Thegovernme

ntbuiltacyclelaneontheroad,butitishardlyused.Thepolicedonothing.Whatalaughtheyare!Thecyclistsshouldallhavetobemadetousethecyclelanesan

dwearhelmets,fluorescent(发荧光的)jacketsandlightsatnightandinthemorning.Theyshouldpaysomesortoftaxandbefinedfornotwearingthem.—CarolHarveyCyclist

sjumponandoffpavements(whicharemeantforpedestrians),rideatspeedalongthepavements,andthinktheyhaveaspecialrightto

gothroughtrafficlightswhentheyareonred.Iwasalmostknockeddownrecentlybyacyclistridingonthepavementwhentherewasacyclelanerightnexttohim.Ot

herroadusers,includinghorseriders,managetoobeytherules.Sowhynotcyclists?It’sabouttimetheywereregisteredan

dinsured,sowhentheydohitapedestrianoravehicleorcauseanaccident,atleasttheycanbetreatedandtheremightbeanopportunitytoclaimcompensa

tion.—JMLWritetoViewpointsofthenewspaper.34.MichaelHoranwrotethelettermainlytoshowthat__________.A.walking

whileusingphoneshurtsone’seyesB.somepedestriansareathreattoroadsafetyC.roadaccidentscanactuallybeavoide

dD.driversshouldbepolitetocyclists35.CarolHarveysuggeststhatcyclistsshould__________.A.beprovidedwithenoughroa

dsB.bemadetopaylesstaxforcyclingC.beaskedtorideontheirownlanesD.befinedforlaughingatpolicemen36.Thethreeletterspresentviewpointson__

________.A.waystoimproveroadsafetyB.therealsourceofroaddangerC.measurestopunishroadoffencesD.increasedawarenessofroadrules【答案】34

.B35.C36.B【解析】【导语】本文是一片议论文。本文围绕一个主题展开一场争论——谁才是马路安全隐患的威胁？不遵守交通规则的骑自行车的人给行人带了了很多的危险。【34题详解】推理判断题。根据第二段“Many

driversaredisrespectfulofcyclists.Butpedestriansareprobablyworseoffenders.(许多司机不尊重骑自行车的人。但行人可能是更糟糕的违规者)”和第四段“Ther

ealproblemisthatsomepedestriansseemtobe,atleastforthemoment,inworldsoftheirownthatare,tothem,muchmoreimportantthanthewelfareofothers.(

真正的问题是，一些行人似乎，至少目前，沉浸在他们自己的世界，对他们来说，自己比其他人的幸福更重要)”可推断，MichaelHoran写信主要为了展示一些行人对道路安全构成威胁。故选B。【35题详解】细节理解题。根据CarolHarvey所说的话“Thecyclistsshouldal

lhavetobemadetousethecyclelanesandwearhelmets,fluorescent(发荧光的)jacketsandlightsatnightandinthemorning.theyshouldpaysomesortoftaxandbefin

edfornotwearingthem.(骑自行车的人都应该在早上和晚上使用自行车道和戴头盔，佩戴荧光夹克和灯。如果不穿他们应该支付一些税收和罚款)”可知，CarolHarvey建议要求骑自行车的人在他们自己的车道上骑行。故选C。【36题详解】推理判断题。由文章开头“For

getCyclists,PedestriansareRealDanger.Wearehavingadebateaboutthistopic.Herearesomelettersfromourreaders.(忘记骑自行车的

人，行人是真正的危险。我们正在就这个问题进行辩论。下面是读者的来信）”以及三封信的具体内容可知，这篇文章主要探讨了谁是道路安全的真正隐患，是骑自行车的人，还是行人？故选B。BTheLifecycleofaT-shirtW

eallprobablyhavealotofT-shirts,butdoyoueverstopandthinkabouttheinfluenceofaT-shirtontheplanet?You'dprobablybesurprisedtolearn

what'sinvolvedinthelifecycleofjustoneT-shirt.Thereare5majorstages：material,production,shipping,useanddisposal(处理).Thematerialstageinvolv

esfarming,irrigating,fertilizing,harvestingandginning.Whilecottonisanaturalfiber(纤维)andnotasharmfultotheenvironmentasman-madefibers,itstil

ltakesatollinthematerialandproductionstages.Commercialcottonfarmingusesalargeamountofwater,andtheuseofpesticides(杀虫剂)iswidespreadacrosstheglobe,e

speciallyincottonfarming.Studieshaveshownthatfarmersspendaround$4.1billiononpesticidesannually,ofwhich

25%wasspentoncottoncropsintheUS.Oncethecottonisgrownandharvested,sobeginstheproductionstage:spinning,knitting,bleaching

,dyeing,cutting,sewing,etc.—theseprocessesalsouseagreatdealofwaterandenergy.Commercialdyesandbleachesareharmfulpollutants,andca

neventuallypollutegroundwater.AftertheT-shirtisproduced,itentersthetransportationstag.Thisofteninvolvesove

rseasshipping.Takealookinyourcloset.Chancesarethatmostofyourcottongarments(衣服)aremadeinChinaorIndia.

Garmentscanbeshippedviaplane,shiportruck,allofwhichspillCO2intotheatmosphere.CalculationsshowthatCO2emissionsfromlighttrucksaloneamountto1.15pou

ndspermile.OnceT-shirtreachestheretailmarket,itispurchased.Thisstagemayseemliketheleastenvironmentallydamagingpart.Butconsiderthenumberoftimesyo

u'vewashedanddriedyourfavoriteT-shirt.Washingmachinesarecertainlybecomingmoreefficient.However,theaverageAme

ricanhouseholddoes400loadsoflaundryperyear,usingabout40gallonsofwaterperload.Suchexcessivewateruseiscombinedwiththelargeamountofen

ergyusedbydryers.Thefinalstageoflifeisdisposal.Thisreleaseharmfulemissions,orinvolvesalandfillwherecottontakesyearstobreakdown.Cur

rentUSrecordsshowthatanestimated15%ofclothesandshoesarerecycled,whichmeansthatconsumerssendashocking85%ofthesematerialstolandfills.Weallneednewcloth

eseveryonceinawhile,butlet'salltrytokeepinmindwhatgoesintotheproductionofclothing.Ithasarealimpactonthep

lanet.Therearealotofthingsandyoucandotohelpreduceyourimpact.Reuseandrecycledclothes.Ifthey'retoowornouttowear,cutthemupandusethemascleani

ngrags.Donatethemtocharityoranotherorganizationthatrecyclestextiles.Whenpossible,makeanefforttobuyorganiccotton.Turndownthethermostat(恒

温器)onyourwasher,andlinedryyourclotheswhentheweatherwillallowit.37.Theunderlinedphrase“takesatoll”probablymeans“_

__________”.A.usesenergyB.wasteswaterC.hasabadeffectD.takesalotoftime38.Whatcanbeinferredfromthispassage?A.Theusestageistheleastenvironme

ntallyharmfulofthefivestages.B.Cottonclothesareburiedbecausetheyarehardtobreakdown.C.TheclothingcostisrelativelylowinChinaandIndia.D.Thepr

oductionprocessmayaffectwatersafety.39.Whatisthepurposeofthisarticle?ATointroducethefivestagesinthelifecycleofclothin

g.B.Topersuadepeopletopurchasemoreorganiccotton.C.Topromoteeco-friendlyactionsrelatedtoclothes.D.Toencouragepeopletodonateclothe

stocharity.【答案】37.C38.D39.C【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。作者介绍了T恤从生产、使用到废弃处理几个阶段对环境造成的不良影响，并对此提出一些改善建议。【37题详解】词句猜测题。根据第二段

倒数第二句“Commercialcottonfarmingusesalargeamountofwater,andtheuseofpesticides(杀虫剂)iswidespreadacrosstheglobe,especiallyincottonfarming

.（商业棉花种植需要大量的水和杀虫剂的使用(杀虫剂)在全球范围内普遍存在，尤其是在棉花种植业。）”可知，这里讲述的商业种植棉花因大量用水很杀虫剂产生了负面影响，而这句话正是对前文takesatoll的解释说明，故该词组的

意思为“不好的影响”。故选C项。【38题详解】推理判断题。根据第三段最后一句“Commercialdyesandbleachesareharmfulpollutants,andcaneventuallypollutegroundwater.（

商业染料和漂白剂是有害的污染物，最终会污染地下水。）”可知，因生产T恤使用的染料和漂白剂，地下水遭污染，故推测用水安全也会因此受到不良影响。故选D项。【39题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段第一句“Therearealoto

fthingsandyoucandotohelpreduceyourimpact.（你可以做很多事情来帮助减少影响。）”可知，在分析了许多和T恤相关的环境问题之后作者呼吁我们读者采取行动减少不良影响，可推测本文写作目的为

呼吁和衣服相关的且对生态环境友好的行为。故选C项。CEudaimoniaisanAncientGreekword,particularlystressedbythephilosophersPlatoandAristotle,whichdeservesfarmoreattentionthanith

asbecauseitcorrectstheshortfalls(缺失）inoneofthemostcentral,buttroublingwordsinourmodemlanguage:happiness.Whenwenowadaystrytoclearlyexpressthepurpos

eofourlives，itistheword“happiness”thatwecommonlyturnto.Wetellourselvesandothersthatthemostimportantprincipleforour

jobs,ourrelationshipsandtheconductofourday-to-daylivesisthepursuitofhappiness.Itsoundslikeaninnocente

noughidea,buttoomuchrelianceonthetermmeansthatwefrequentlyunfairlytendtoquitor,atleast,heavilyquestionagreatmany.challengingbutworthwhilesituations

.TheAncientGreeksdidnotbelievethatthepurposeoflifewastobehappy;theyproposedthatitwastoachieveEudaimonia,awordwhichhasbeenbesttranslate

das“fulfilment”.Whatdistinguisheshappinessfromfulfilmentispain.Itisverypossibletobefulfilledand—atthesametime—underpress

ure,sufferingphysicallyormentally,overburdenedand,quitefrequently,inanirritable(易怒的）mood.Thisisaslightpsychol

ogicaldifferencethatishardfortheword“happiness”tocapture,forit’strickytospeakofbeinghappyyetunhappy,

orhappyyetsuffering.However,suchacombinationisreadilyaccommodatedwithintherespectedandnoble-soundingideaofEudaimonia.Thewordencourage

sustotrustthatmanyoflife’smostworthwhileprojectswillsometimesbeinconflictwithcontentment,andyetwillbeworthpursuing.Properlyexplo

ringourprofessionaltalents,managingahousehold,keepingarelationshipgoing,creatinganewbusinessventureorengaginginpolitics...noneo

fthesegoalsarelikelytoleaveuscheerfulandgrinningonadailybasis.Theywill,infact,involveusinallmannerofchallengesthatwilldeeplyexhaustandwea

kenus,provoke(激怒）andwoundus.Andyetwewillperhaps,attheendofourlives,stillfeelthatthetaskswereworthundertaking.Throughthem,we’llhaveachievedsom

ethingdeeperandmoreinterestingthanhappiness.WiththewordEudaimoniainmind,wecanstopimaginingthatweareaimingforapain-freeexistence—andthenblamingourse

lvesunfairlyforbeinginabadmood.We’llknowthatwearetryingtodosomethingfarmoreimportantthansmileallthetime:we'restrivingtodojusticetoourfullhumanp

otential.40.Whatdoweknowabout“Eudaimonia”fromthepassage?A.ItwasfirstcreatedbytwoGreekphilosophers.B.Ithasreceivedalotofattentionf

romthepublic.C.Itstillhassomeshortfallsthatneedtobecorrected.D.ItwasregardedasthepurposeoflifeinancientGreece.41.AccordingtoParagraph3,happiness.

A.istheoppositeoffulfillmentB.isfreefromphysicalormentalpainC.stressesthepsychologicaldifferenceD.servesasarespectedandnoblelifegoal42.Wecanlea

rnfromthepassagethat.A.aimingforhappinessmayleadtowrongself-blamingB.goalsthatwoundandweakenusresultinhappinessC.challengesleadingtocontentmen

tareworthundertakingD.feelingfulfilledmeansweshouldavoidtoughsituations43.Thepassageencouragesthereadersto.Afindfulfillmentwit

halleffortsB.seekforapain-freeexistenceC.keepoptimisticwhateverhappensD.balancehappinessandsuffering【答案】40.D41.B42.A

43.A【解析】【分析】这是一篇说明文。介绍了古希腊人的生活目标，Eudaimonia与happiness的区别，鼓励人们尽一切努力寻找满足感。40题详解】推理判断题。由第二段“TheAncientGreeksd

idnotbelievethatthepurposeoflifewastobehappy;theyproposedthatitwastoachieveEudaimonia,awordwhichhasbeenbesttranslatedas“fulfilment”.古希腊

人不相信生活的目的是快乐；他们提出，生活的目的是为了实现Eudaimonia，这个词最好翻译理解为“满足”可知，在古希腊，Eudaimonia被认为是生活的目的。故D选项正确。【41题详解】推理判断题。由第三段“Wha

tdistinguisheshappinessfromfulfilmentispain.Itisverypossibletobefulfilledand—atthesametime—underpressure,suff

eringphysicallyormentally,overburdenedand,quitefrequently,inanirritablemood.Thisisaslightpsychological

differencethatishardfortheword“happiness”tocapture”快乐与满足的区别在于痛苦。在压力下、在身体上或精神上遭受痛苦、负担过重以及经常处于易怒的情绪下，是很有可能得到满足的。这是一个微小的心理差异，这很难让“幸福”这个词捕捉到。可知,幸福没有身

体或精神上的痛苦。故B选项正确。【42题详解】推理判断题。由末段“WiththewordEudaimoniainmind,wecanstopimaginingthatweareaimingforapain-freeexistence—andthenblamingourselvesunfairl

yforbeinginabadmood.”想到了eudaimonia这个词，我们就可以不用想象我们的目标是一个没有痛苦的生活，不用不公平地责怪自己心情不好。可知，追求幸福可能导致错误的自责。故A选项正确。【43题详解】推理判断题。由第四段“Thewordencouragesu

stotrustthatmanyoflife’smostworthwhileprojectswillsometimesbeinconflictwithcontentment...Throughthem,we’llhaveachievedsomethingdeeperandmo

reinterestingthanhappiness.”可知，这篇文章鼓励读者尽一切努力找到满足感。故A选项正确。【点睛】通过对关键词的把握是解决推理判断题的重要的方法之一。通读短文我们可知，短文主要介绍了.【Eudaimonia与happine

ss的区别，鼓励人们尽一切努力寻找满足感，一味儿的最求幸福感，会给自己带来很多烦恼。由末段“WiththewordEudaimoniainmind,wecanstopimaginingthatweareaimingforapain-freeexistence—

andthenblamingourselvesunfairlyforbeinginabadmood.”中的关键词“stopimagining”“blaming”可知，不追求“Eudaimonia”而是最求“happiness”可能导致错误的自责。故A

选项为第3小题的正确选项。第二节（共5小题：每小题2分，共10分）根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。Failureisprobablythemostexhausting

experienceapersoneverhas.Thereisnothingmoretiringthannotsucceeding._____44_____Intheformercase,wekeepputtingoffataskbecauseitwaseithertoobori

ngortoodifficult.Andthelongerwedelayit,themoretiredwefeel.Suchstart-upfatigueisveryreal,evenifnotactuallyphysical,notsomethingi

nourmusclesandbones._____45_____Yearsago,Iwasaskedtowrite102essaysonthegreatideasofsomefamousauthors.Applyingmyownrule,Idete

rminedtowritethemalphabetically,neverlettingmyselfleaveoutatoughidea.AndIalwaysstartedtheday'sworkwith

thedifficulttaskofessay-writing.Theexperienceprovedthattheruleworks._____46_____Thoughwillingtogetstarted,weca

nnotseemtodothejobright.Itsdifficultiesappearsogreatthat,howeverhardwework,wefailagainandagain.Insuchasituation,Iwork

ashardasIcan--thenlettheunconscious(无意识的)takeover.WhenplanningEncyclopaediaBritannica,Ihadtocreateatableofcontentsbasedonthetopicsofitsarticles.__

_47___butnoneofthemworked.Myfatiguebecamealmostunbearable.Oneday,mentallyexhausted,Iwrotedownallthereasonswhythisproblemcouldnotbesolved.

Itriedtoconvincemyselfthatthetroublewaswiththeproblemitself,notwithme.Relieved,Isatbackinaneasychairandfellasleep.Anhourlater,Iwokeupsuddenlywithth

esolutionclearlyinmind._____48_____ThoughIworkedashardasbefore,Ifeltnofatigue.Successwasnowasexcitingasfa

ilurehadbeendepressing.Humanbeings,Ibelievemusttrytosucceed.Success,then,meansneverfeelingtired.A.Performancefat

igueismoredifficulttohandle.B.Wedoeverythingwecantogetourselvesoutofthisgloomysituation.C.Weexperiencethistirednessintwow

ays:start-upfatigueandperformancefatigue.D.Nothinglikethishadeverbeendonebefore,anddayafterdayIkeptc

omingupwithsolutions.E.Thesolutionisobviousthough-perhapsnoteasytoapply:alwayshandlethemostdifficultjobfirst.F.What'smore,makingu

seofyourunconsciousnesswiselyalsoproveseffectiveintacklingdifficulttasks.G.Intheweeksthatfollowed,thesolutionwhichhadco

meupinmyunconsciousmindprovedcorrectateverystep.【答案】44.C45.E46.A47.D48.G【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。围绕失败、疲劳和成功的关系展开论述，以亲身经历为例提出措施

如何解决启动疲劳和执行疲劳。【44题详解】根据上文“Thereisnothingmoretiringthannotsucceeding.(没有什么比不成功更累的了)”和下文“Intheformercase,wekeepputtingoffa

taskbecauseitwaseithertooboringortoodifficult.(在前一种情况下，我们总是推迟一项任务，因为它要么太无聊，要么太难)”可知，空格处应总的指出疲惫感分为两种情况，引出下文。选项C“Weexperiencethistirednessintwo

ways:start-upfatigueandperformancefatigue.(我们以两种方式体验这种疲劳：启动疲劳和执行疲劳)”指出了两种疲劳，符合语境。故选C项。【45题详解】根据下文“AndIalwaysstartedtheday’sworkwiththedifficulttasko

fessay-writing.Theexperienceprovedthattheruleworks.(我每天的工作都是从写作这项艰巨的任务开始的。经验证明这条规则是有效的)”推知，前文应该指出了作者所说的规则是什么。选项E“Thesolutioni

sobviousthough-perhapsnoteasytoapply:alwayshandlethemostdifficultjobfirst.(解决方案很明显，但可能不容易应用：总是先处理最困难的工作)”恰好提出了一个规则，即先处理最困难的事

，符合语境。故选E项。【46题详解】下文“Thoughwillingtogetstarted,wecannotseemtodothejobright.(尽管我们愿意开始工作，但我们似乎不能把工作做好)”指出我们愿意开始工作，即没有启动疲劳，可

知本段开始讨论第二种疲劳：执行疲劳。选项A“Performancefatigueismoredifficulttohandle.(执行疲劳更难处理)”符合语境。故选A项。【47题详解】根据下文“butnoneofthemworked.(但是没有一个奏效)”

可知空格处应该指出作者尝试了很多办法，都没有成功。选项D“Nothinglikethishadeverbeendonebefore,anddayafterdayIkeptcomingupwithsolutions.(以前从来没有这样做过，我

日复一日地不断提出解决方案)”表明作者反复提出了许多解决措施，符合语境。故选D项。【48题详解】根据上文“Anhourlater,Iwokeupsuddenlywiththesolutionclearly

inmind.(一个小时后，我突然醒来，脑海中清晰地浮现出解决方案)”和下文“ThoughIworkedashardasbefore,Ifeltnofatigue.Successwasnowasexcitingasfailurehadbeendepressing.(虽然我和以前一样努力工作，但我并

不感到疲劳)”推知，作者的方案是凑效的，因此他才没有觉得累。选项G“Intheweeksthatfollowed,thesolutionwhichhadcomeupinmyunconsciousmindprovedcorrectateverystep.(在接下来的几周

里，我潜意识中想到的解决方案在每一步都被证明是正确的)”符合语境。故选G项。第三部分：书面表达（共三节，27分）第一节（共4小题：第50、51小题各2分，第52小题3分，第53小题5分：共12分）阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。GoodTa

steofKnowledgeTheaimofeducationorcultureismerelythedevelopmentofgoodtasteinknowledgeandgoodforminconduct.Thecultu

redmanortheidealeducatedmanisnotnecessarilyonewhoiswell-readorlearned,butonewholikesanddislikestherightthings.Toknoww

hattoloveandwhattohateistohavetasteinknowledge.Nothingismoreannoyingthantomeetapersonatapartywhosemindiscrammed(填塞)fullwithhistorica

ldatesandfiguresandwhoisextremelywell-postedoncurrentinternationalaffairs,butwhoseattitudesorpointsofviewareallwrong.Ihav

emetsuchpeople.Theydohavegreatacademicknowledge,butnogoodjudgmentortaste.Beingknowledgeableisamerematterofthecrammingoffactsorinformationwhile

havinggoodtasteisamatterofartisticjudgment.Inspeakingofascholar,theChinesegenerallydistinguishbetweentheirscholarship(学术成就),conducta

ndtaste..Aneducatedman,therefore,isonewhohastherightlovesandhatreds.Thiswecalltaste,andwithtastecomesc

harm.Now,tohavetasterequiresacapacityforthinkingthingsthroughtothebottom,theindependenceofjudgment,andtheunwillin

gnesstobeaffectedbyanyformofpower.Whenamaniswrong,heiswrong,andthereisnoneedforonetobeimpressedbyagreatnameorbythenumberofbooksthathehasreadandwehav

en't.Taste,then.iscloselyassociatedwithcourage.astheChinesealwaysassociateddan(“胆”)withshi(“识”)Andcourageorindependenceofj

udgment,asweknow,issuchararevirtueamonghumankind.Weseethisintellectualcourageorindependenceduringthechildhoodofallthinkersand

writerswhoinlaterlifeamounttoanything.Suchapersonrefusestobeimpressedbyaphilosophicvogueorafashionabletheory,eventhoughitisbackedbyth

egreatestname.thisistasteinknowledge.Nodoubtsuchintellectualcourageorindependenceofjudgmentrequiresacertainchildish.navec

onfidenceinoneself,butthisselfistheonlythingthatonecanclingto.andthemomentastudentgivesup-hisrightofpersonaljudgment,heismforacceptingallthedisho

nestandinsincereoflife.49.Accordingtotheauthor,whatisthegoalofeducation?_____________________________________________________________

_______________________________50.Whyisawell-readmannotnecessarilyaneducatedone?_______________________________________________________________

_____________________________51.Pleasedecidewhichpartisfalseinthefollowingstatement:Intellectualcourageorindependenceofjudgmentb

uildsconfidenceinoneself;thenunderlineitandexplainwhyIntellectualcourageorindependenceofjudgmentbuildsconfidenceinoneself._

___________________________________________________________________________________________52.Pleasenameo

nepersonwiththequalitiesofdanandshiinChinesehistoryandexplainwhataboutthispersonmakesyouthinkso.(Inabout40words

)____________________________________________________________________________________________【答案】49.Theaimofeducationismerelythedevelopmento

fgoodtasteinknowledgeandgoodforminconduct.50.Becausetheculturedmanortheidealeducatedmanisnotnecessarilyonewhoiswell-readorlearned,butonewholikesan

ddislikestherightthings.Toknowwhattoloveandwhattohateistohavetasteinknowledge.51.Intellectualcourageorindependenceofj

udgmentbuildsconfidenceinoneself.Becausebeingknowledgeableisamerematterofthecrammingoffactsorinformationwhilehavinggoo

dtasteisamatterofartisticjudgment.Theindependenceofjudgmentisn’taffectedbyanyformofpower.52.IthinkthepersonwiththequalitiesofdanandshiinChinesehistor

yisConfucius,whorefusedtobeimpressedbyaphilosophicvogueorafashionabletheoryandhadhisownindependenceofjudgment.Confuciusbelievedthatth

eobjectofeducationshouldbe“taughtwithoutclass”.Andheallowedstudentstoattendschoolsregardlessoftheirwealthorrace.【解析】【导语】本文是一篇议论文。主要论述了教

育的目的是培养良好的知识鉴赏力和良好的行为方式以及懂得什么该爱，什么该恨，对知识有鉴赏力的人才是博学的人。【49题详解】考查细节理解。根据文章第一段“Theaimofeducationorculture

ismerelythedevelopmentofgoodtasteinknowledgeandgoodforminconduct.(教育或文化的目的仅仅是培养良好的知识鉴赏力和良好的行为方式)”可知，教育的目的是培

养良好的知识鉴赏力和良好的行为方式。故答案为Theaimofeducationismerelythedevelopmentofgoodtasteinknowledgeandgoodforminconduct.【50题详解】细节理解题。根据文章第一段“Theculturedmanort

heidealeducatedmanisnotnecessarilyonewhoiswell-readorlearned,butonewholikesanddislikestherightthings.Toknowwhattoloveandwhattohateistoha

vetasteinknowledge.(有教养的人或理想的有教养的人不一定是博览横书或博学的人，而是喜欢或不喜欢正确的东西的人。懂得什么该爱，什么该恨，就是对知识的鉴赏力)”可知，懂得什么该爱，什么该恨，

对知识有鉴赏力的人才是博学的人。故答案为Becausetheculturedmanortheidealeducatedmanisnotnecessarilyonewhoiswell-readorlear

ned,butonewholikesanddislikestherightthings.Toknowwhattoloveandwhattohateistohavetasteinknowledge.【51题详解

】推理判断题。根据文章第二段“Beingknowledgeableisamerematterofthecrammingoffactsorinformationwhilehavinggoodtasteisamatterofartisticjudgment.Inspeak

ingofascholar,theChinesegenerallydistinguishbetweentheirscholarship(学术成就),conductandtaste.(知识渊博仅仅是对事实或信息的死记硬背，而有良好的品味则是艺术判断。说到学者，中国人一般会把他们的学识、品行和品位区分

开来)”以及文章“Aneducatedman,therefore,isonewhohastherightlovesandhatreds.Thiswecalltaste,andwithtastecomescharm.Now,tohavetasterequiresacapacityforth

inkingthingsthroughtothebottom,theindependenceofjudgment,andtheunwillingnesstobeaffectedbyanyformofpower.(因此，一个受过教育的人是一个有正确的爱与恨的人。我们称之为品味，而

伴随着品味而来的是魅力。要有品味，需要有一种彻底思考事物的能力，独立的判断能力，以及不愿受任何形式的权力影响的能力)”可知，独立的判断能建立对自己的信心。故答案为Intellectualcourageorindependenceofjudgmentbuildsconfidenc

einoneself.Becausebeingknowledgeableisamerematterofthecrammingoffactsorinformationwhilehavinggoodtastei

samatterofartisticjudgment.Theindependenceofjudgmentisn’taffectedbyanyformofpower.【52题详解】开放性试题。言之有理即可，注意字数限制。Ithinkthepersonwiththequalities

ofdanandshiinChinesehistoryisConfucius,whorefusedtobeimpressedbyaphilosophicvogueorafashionabletheoryandhadhisownindependence

ofjudgment.Confuciusbelievedthattheobjectofeducationshouldbe“taughtwithoutclass”.Andheallowedstudentstoattendschoolsregardlessoftheirwealthorrac

e.第二节53.Recentlytherehavebeenincreasingreportsonthefactthatalotofgraduateswithshinyeducationalbackgroundsareapplyingforthegrassroots(p

ositions.AndthereisanEnglishsaying“abigfishinasmallpond”todescribethephenomenon.Whatisyouropiniononthis?Pleasewritea“for”and“against”essayont

histopic(Youshoulddiscussbothsidesoftheissueandthengiveyourownopinion)。_______________________________________________

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__________________________________________________________________________________________________________【答案】Now,manygraduatesfromfamousu

niversitiesareapplyingforsomegrass-rootspositions.Manypeopleareinfavorofit.Theythinktheknowledgelearnedintheuniversityshouldbepracticedinth

esociety.Onlyfromthegrass-rootslevelcanweaccumulatemoreexperience.Anditwillsublimatetheknowledgewelearned

intheuniversity.Butsomepeopledon’tthinkso.Theythinkthatstudentsgraduatedfromfamousschoolshaveahighstartingpoint,soitisbeneficialforthemtofind

ahighstartingpointjobthatmatchestheirknowledge.Moreover,thisworkcanalsoprovidethemwiththeresourcesand

experiencetheyneedsothattheirtalentscanbefullyutilized.AsfarasIamconcerned,nomatterwhatschoolwegraduatedf

rom,itisthemostimportanttofindajobthatsuitsus.However,iftheycangetajobfromahighstartingpoint,Ibelievethatthesegraduatescanplayabiggerrolean

dmakegreaterachievements.【解析】【导语】本篇书面表达属于议论文。要求考生就越来越多的名校大学生申请基层职位这一现象进行讨论，给出支持的论点和反对的论点，并给出自己的见解。【详解】1.词汇积累因为：becauseof→duet

o有益的：bebeneficialto→beofbenefitto而且：moreover→what’smore提供：provide→offer2.句式拓展简单句变复合句原句：Theythinktheknowledgelearnedintheuniversityshouldbep

racticedinthesociety.拓展句：Theythinktheknowledgewhichwerelearnedintheuniversityshouldbepracticedinthesociety.【点睛】【高分句型1】Moreover,thiswork

canalsoprovidethemwiththeresourcesandexperiencetheyneedsothattheirtalentscanbefullyutilized.（运用了sothat引导的结果状语从句）【高分句

型2】AsfarasIamconcerned,nomatterwhatschoolwegraduatedfrom,itisthemostimportanttofindajobthatsuitsus.（应用了nomatter+特殊疑问词引导的

让步状语从句）获得更多资源请扫码加入享学资源网微信公众号www.xiangxue100.com