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PartⅢGrammar&WritingGrammar——动词­ing形式作主语和宾语一、基本用法动词­ing形式在句子中可以作主语、宾语、表语、宾语补足语和状语。其基本形式如下：Beingexposedtothesunforalongtimewilld

oharmtoyourskin.暴露在太阳下太长的时间会伤害你的皮肤。Heenjoyswalkinginthefieldinasummermorning.他喜欢在夏日的早上在田间漫步。[名师点津](1)非谓语动词­

ing形式的一般式常表示该动作与句子谓语动作同时发生，而动词­ing形式的完成式则表示该动作发生在谓语动作之前。(2)非谓语动词­ing形式若与其逻辑主语之间为被动关系时，需用被动语态；而不及物动词的

非谓语形式无被动语态，但可有完成形式。(3)非谓语动词­ing形式的否定式通常是在其前加not，带有逻辑主语时not应放在逻辑主语和动词­ing形式之间。[即学即用]写出下列句中的动词­ing(短语)所充当的成分①Playingwithfir

eisdangerous.______________②Wouldyoumindopeningthewindow？______________③Havingfinishedhispaper，hehandedittohistutor.______________④Whenhewalkedpastt

heplayground，hesawsomeboysplayingfootballhappily.______________单句改错⑤Excusemefornotmycomingontime.______________⑥I'msorryforhavingnotkeptmyp

romise.______________[答案]①主语②宾语③状语④宾语补足语⑤notmy→mynot⑥havingnot→nothaving1．动词­ing形式作主语(1)动词­ing形式作主语时，多表示经常性、习惯性的动作，谓语动词多用单数形式La

ughingoftenwillbenefityoualot.笑口常开好处多多。Havinglivedabroadforalongtimemakeshimhomesick.在国外生活了很久令他想家。[名师点津]意义不同的

两个动词­ing形式并列作主语时，谓语动词需用复数形式。Writingandreadingarehertwohobbies.写文章及读书是她的两个爱好。(2)形式主语it代替动词­ing形式作主语①Itis＋adj.＋doingsth.Itis

/feelsfunnydoingsth.做某事(感觉)很滑稽Itisuselessdoingsth.做某事无用It'sworthwhiledoingsth.做某事是值得的②Itisawasteof＋n.＋doingst

h.It'sawasteoftimedoingsth.做某事是浪费时间③Itisno＋n.＋doingsth.It'snogood/nouse/nofundoingsth.做某事没好处/没用/没意思④Therebe＋no＋doing(joking/knowing...)I

tisuselessmakingsuchefforts.做这样的努力是没用的。Itisawasteoftimedoingsuchwork.做这样的工作是浪费时间。Itisnogoodsayingsuchwords.说那

样的话没有好处。Thereisnoknowinghowtheprojectwillbecarriedout.不知道这个工程将如何实施。[即学即用]单句语法填空①Itisawasteoftime__________(tr

y)topersuadehimtogiveupsmoking.②__________isworthwhilereading/toreadsuchawonderfulnovel.③It'snouse__________(complain)withou

ttakingaction.④Thereisno__________(deny)thattheenvironmentisfrombadtoworse.完成句子⑤__________________isagoodwaytolearnalangu

age.大声朗读是学习语言的一种好方法。⑥__________________isthesameaskillinghimforhisproperty.浪费别人的时间无异于谋财害命。[答案]①trying②It③complaining④denying⑤Read

ingaloud⑥Wastingaperson'stime2．动词­ing形式作宾语(1)在admit，avoid，consider(考虑)，enjoy，escape，excuse，finish，imagine，mind，miss，practise，suggest，delay，

appreciate等动词之后只能用动词­ing形式作宾语，不能用不定式Hefinallyadmittedhavingmadesuchamistake.他终于承认犯了那样的错误。Thelittlegirlpractisesplay

ingthepianoeveryday.女孩每天练习弹钢琴。(2)在动词短语giveup，feellike，putoff，getto(着手)，objectto，lookforwardto，devoteoneselfto，can'thelp(禁不住)，can'tbe

ar/stand等之后用动词­ing形式作宾语I'mlookingforwardtohearingfromyou.我盼望着收到你的来信。Hedevoteshimselftolookingintothematter.他致力于调查这起事件的真

相。[联想发散]接动词­ing作宾语的及物动词(短语)：建议考虑坚持练(suggest，advise，consider，insiston，practise)允许想象弃冒险(permit，allow，imagine，g

iveup，risk)阻止抵抗否逃脱(prevent，resist，deny，escape)不禁介意保持完(can'thelp，mind，keep，finish)耽误推迟求原谅(delay，putoff，require，forgive，excuse)

承认错过欣喜欢(admit，miss，appreciate，enjoy)[即学即用]单句语法填空①Ioftenpractise__________(listen)and__________(speak)．②Theboywaslucky

toescape________________(punish)．完成句子③Itisusefulforsomeonewhoistryingtogiveup__________.这对于正在试图戒烟的人来说很有用。④Ihaveneverdreamedof

_______________________.我从未梦想过要参观那个地方。⑤It'squitehottoday.Doyoufeellike_____________？今天很热。你愿意去游泳吗？[答案

]①listening；speaking②beingpunished③smoking④visitingthatplace⑤goingforaswim二、动词­ing形式作宾语时，需要注意的问题1．某些动词及动词短语后面既可以用不定式也可以用动词

­ing作宾语(1)动词begin，start，continue等后既可跟不定式，又可跟动词­ing作宾语，意义基本相同Theycontinuedreading/toread.他们继续朗读。(2)动词love，like，hate，prefer等后可跟动词­ing和不定式作宾语

，但接动名词表示经常性的情况，接不定式表示具体的动作Ihatewalkinginsucharainyday.(习惯)我不喜欢在这样的雨天里散步。Ihatetotroubleyou.(动作)我真不愿麻烦你。(3)一

些动词后既可跟动词­ing作宾语，又可跟不定式作宾语，但意义有很大差别goondoingsth.继续做同一件事goontodosth.接着做另一件事stopdoingsth.停止做某事stoptodosth.停下来去做某事forgetd

oingsth.忘记做过某事forgettodosth.忘记要做某事trydoingsth.试着做某事trytodosth.试图做某事rememberdoingsth.记得做过某事remembertodosth.记住要做某事regretdoingst

h.后悔做了某事regrettodosth.很遗憾要做某事meantodosth.打算做某事meandoingsth.意味着做某事Irememberedlockingthedoor.(记得事情做了)我记得锁门了。Whenyouleavethehouse，plea

seremembertolockthedoor.(记着去做)离开家时，记着锁门。(4)在need，want，require，demand，deserve等后用动词­ing的主动形式表示被动，need/want/require

/demand/deservedoing＝need/want/require/demand/deservetobedoneThecottageneedsrepairing.＝Thecottageneedstoberepaired.这所农舍需要修理。Theletterdemandsanswering

atonce.＝Theletterdemandstobeansweredatonce.需要立刻回复这封信。[即学即用]单句语法填空①Helikes__________buthedoesn'tlike______________thisafternoon.(swim)②Heusuallypre

fersstayinginthehousewhenitrains，butthistimeheprefers______________(go)out.单句改错③Imeantochangingitforanotherone._____________

_④IrememberedlockingthedoorbeforeIlefttheoffice，butforgotturningoffthelights.______________一句多译这位员工值得表扬。(deserve)⑤___________

_______⑥__________________这个窗户需要清扫了。⑦__________________⑧__________________[答案]①swimming；toswim②togo③changing→change④locki

ng→tolock；turning→toturn⑤Theworkerdeservedpraising.⑥Theworkerdeservedtobepraised.⑦Thewindowneeds/requires/wantscleaning.⑧Thew

indowneeds/requires/wantstobecleaned.2．动词­ing形式作宾语时，省掉介词的情况Tomoftenspendssometime(in)helpingthedisabled.汤姆经常花时间帮助残疾人。Iambusy(in)finishingmyho

mework.我忙于完成我的作业。Lastsummerholiday,Ihadagoodtime(in)traveling.去年暑假去旅行，我过得很高兴。Heisusuallybusy(in)managinghisshop.他通常忙于经营商店。sp

end...(in)doingsth.花费……做某事havedifficulty/trouble(in)doing...做……有困难/麻烦stop/prevent...(from)doing阻止……做某事wastetime(in)doing浪费时间做某

事bebusy(in)doing忙于做某事haveagood/hardtime(in)doingsth.做某事很高兴/费了很大劲[即学即用]单句语法填空①Yesterday，Ihaddifficulty/troublein__________(hunt

)forsomeimportantinformationontheInternet.②Weallhadagoodtime__________(stay)atyourhome.③Heusuallyspendshisfreetime_____

_____(develop)hisownhobby.④Mydearchild，don'twastetoomuchtimejust__________(play)around.[答案]①hunting②staying③developing④playing三、动词­ing的复合结构1．动词­i

ng的复合结构作主语动词­ing的复合结构作主语时的两种形式(1)形容词性物主代词＋动词­ing(2)名词(有生命的物体)'s＋动词­ingHisbeinglateagainmadehisbossveryangry.他又一次迟到令他的老板很生气。Jane'sbeingcarelesscaus

edsomuchtrouble.简这么粗心惹来了不少麻烦。2．动词­ing的复合结构作宾语动词­ing的复合结构作宾语时的四种形式(1)形容词性物主代词＋动词­ing(2)代词宾格＋动词­ing(3)名词＋动词­ing(4)名词(有生命的物体)'s或名词(有生命的物体)＋动词­

ingHemadeanapologyforhis/himtellingliestothepublic.他因向公众撒谎而道歉。Outsidetheclassroom，wecouldhearthenoiseofth

edesksbeingopenedandclosed.在教室外，我们能够听到课桌被打开及关闭的声音。ThechairmanofthemeetingwasangryatJohn's/Johnbeingabsentfromthemeeting.会议主席因约翰的缺席而生气。[名师

点津](1)动词­ing形式的否定形式：not置于动词­ing形式结构之前，即：notdoing...。(2)能够在句中充当主语和宾语的动词­ing形式又可称之为“动名词”。(3)动词­ing的复合结构(也

可称之为动名词的复合结构)的否定形式为：形容词性的物主代词/宾格/名词/名词所有格＋notdoing...。(4)动词­ing的复合结构中的“形容词性的物主代词/宾格/名词”与动词­ing之间构成逻辑上的主谓关系。Jerry'snotarrivingontimemadepeoplep

resentangry.杰瑞未能按时到达令在场的人很生气。Notknowingwhathashappenedtohisdaughtermakesthefatherupset.不知道女儿发生了什么使得这位父亲很是不安。[即学即用]用动名词的复合结构完成句子①____________

______madehimworried.他父亲病了，使他很担心。②Wearelookingforwardto__________________giveusaconcert.我们盼望着周杰伦来给我们举办一场演唱会。③__________________encouragedallofus.她来帮忙

鼓舞了我们所有人。④Thebabywasmadeawakeby__________________.这个婴儿被突然的关门声吵醒了。[答案]①Hisfather'sbeingill②JayChou'scomingt

o③Hercomingtohelp④thedoorsuddenlyshuttingⅠ.完成句子1．Thisbookisworth__________________.这本书值得再读一次。2．Wemusttrytoavoid________

__________.我们必须设法避免犯同样的错误。3．Peoplecouldn'thelp______________thatfoolishman.人们忍不住嘲笑那个愚蠢的人。4．Ishallneverf

orget__________________.我永远不会忘记见到过那位著名作家。5．Wedon'tallow__________________.我们不允许在办公室里吸烟。6．Itisworthwhile

__________________.做这个实验是值得的。7．Maryisconsidering______________________.玛丽正在考虑换工作。8．Wouldyoumind______________________？打开门你介意

吗？[答案]1.readingagain2.makingthesamemistakes3．laughingat4.seeingthefamouswriter5．smokingintheoffice6.makingtheexperiment7．changingherjob8.openin

gthedoorⅡ.单句语法填空1．Everybodystopped__________(talk)assoonastheoldexpertbeganhisspeech.2．Ihavenotrouble___

_______(persuade)himtochangehismind.3．It'snogood__________(make)anexcuseforthis.4．Peopleappreciate__________(work)withhimbecaus

ehehasagoodsenseofhumor.5．________________(put)onmoreclothesisnotsogood.6．Theseflowersneed______________

______(water)．7．Hegotwell­preparedforthejobinterview，forhecouldn'trisk__________(lose)thegoodopportunity.8．__________________(invite)tothe

partywasagreathonourtothefamily.9．Icannotimaginetheboy__________(speak)sorudelytohisparents.10．__________(me

et)youhasbeenagreatpleasure.[答案]1.talking2.persuading3.making4．working5.Putting/Toput6.watering/tobewatered7.losing8.Beinginvited9.speaking10.

Meeting1．(2018·北京卷)__________(travel)alongtheoldSilkRoadisaninterestingandrewardingexperience.2．(2016·浙江卷)Ihadasmuc

hfunsailingtheseasasInowdo__________(work)withstudents.3．(2016·全国卷Ⅰ)Myambassadorialdutieswillinclude__________(intr

oduce)Britishvisitorstothe120­pluspandasatChengdu...4．(2016·浙江卷)__________(plan)isgoodasitdecidesindetailhowwedowhatwewantto

do.5．(2016·陕西卷)AfterreceivingtheOscarforBestSupportingActress，AnneBenedictwenton__________(thank)allthepeoplewhohad

helpedinhercareer.6．(2015·安徽卷)__________(ignore)thedifferencebetweenthetworesearchfindingswillbeoneo

ftheworstmistakesyoumake.7．(2014·陕西卷)It'squitehottoday.Doyoufeellike__________(go)foraswim?8．(2014·湖南卷)__________(understand)yourownneedsandstyle

sofcommunicationisasimportantaslearningtoconveyyouraffectionandemotions.9．(2014·湖南卷)Thefilmstarwearssunglasses.Therefore，hecangoshoppi

ngwithout__________(recognize)．10．(2014·江西卷)Whenitcomesto__________(speak)inpublic，noonecanmatchhim.1．[解析]句意：沿古老的丝绸之路旅行是一次有趣和有益的

经历。本题考查非谓语动词作主语。根据题干可知，__________alongtheoldSilkRoad是主语部分，应该用动名词形式作主语。[答案]Traveling2．[解析]句意：我过去航海和现在与学生们打交道一样开心。句中do代替havefun，havefundoingsth.“做某

事很开心”。[答案]working3．[解析]includesth.“包含……”，introducing作include的宾语。[答案]introducing4．[解析]动词­ing作主语，故用planni

ng。[答案]Planning5．[解析]goontodosth.“继续做……”，故用tothank。[答案]tothank6．[解析]句意：忽视那两个调查结果的不同将会是你犯的最严重的错误之一。本题考查非谓语动词作主语。设空处在句

中作主语，故用不定式或动名词形式。[答案]Ignoring/Toignore7．[解析]句意：今天天气好热。你想去游泳吗？考查非谓语动词。feellikedoingsth.“想要做某事”。非谓语动词表示的动作并未在谓语动词的动作之前发生

，所以不能填havinggone。[答案]going8．[解析]句意：对你自己的交流需求及交流风格加以理解和学会表达你的爱和情感一样重要。本题考查非谓语动词作主语。[答案]Understanding9．[解析]放在介词without后要用动词­in

g形式且与句子主语之间为被动关系，故用beingrecognized。[答案]beingrecognized10．[解析]本句中to为介词，故应用speaking。[答案]speakingWriting

——海报海报属于应用文的范畴，是一种用于告知广大群众各种信息的宣传性招贴，其宣传内容涉及影视作品、体育赛事和学术报告等。海报往往以通告的形式张贴在公共场所。它由标题、正文、出海报的单位以及日期构成。海报写作形式灵活，语言活泼。海报一般由标题、正文和落款

三部分组成。1．标题。海报的标题是海报最显眼的一部分，一般写在海报上方正中处。标题可以反映海报的核心内容，如FootballMatch，Lecture，FilmNews等，也可直接写POSTER。2．正文。海报的内容通常包括三部分。开头通常先

介绍活动背景或开展此活动的目的；主体部分介绍活动细节，包括时间、地点、相关人员以及其他事宜；结尾通常发出号召，呼吁人们积极参加该活动。3．落款。海报要写明主办单位名称以及发出海报的日期。海报的署名一般在右下角，日期在署名的下一行，通常位于左下角。

[常用开头语]①Ourschoolpaperisingreatneedof/lookingfor...②Thosewhoareinterestedintheposition，pleasegetintouchwith...③Thecompanyisplanningtoemploy...④The

rewillbeacompetitiontobeheldin...on...⑤Thestudentunionhasdecided...⑥Inordertocelebrate...，ameeting/partyistobeheld...[主体部分]①Hereistheperfect

solutiontoallyourproblems.②It'smadeofwood/silver...③Youwilltellthedifferencefromothers.④What'stheadvantagesoftheproduc

t?⑤It'sarealbargainanditwillonlycostyou...⑥Theadvantagesoftheproductsare...[尾段常用句式]①Comehereontimeandbringapenand...withyou.②Noaskingforleavewi

thoutspecialreasons.③Pleasebethereontimeanddon'tbelate.④Everyoneisdemandedtobepresentontime.⑤Lookingforwardtoyourc

omingletter/e­mail.[写作提示]假如你校学生会组织了英语夏令营活动以便同学们能更好地学习英语、建立良好的人际关系。每年暑假有形式多样的活动(如学习英文歌曲、舞蹈、游戏等)，活动费用低。请你用英语写一篇海报向同学们介绍一下夏令营的情况并邀请同学们参加。注意：词数100左右。[写作

要点]1．文体：题目要求写一篇英文海报，海报属于应用文。2．人称：介绍夏令营的相关情况时用第三人称，邀请性的语句用第二人称。3．时态：多用一般现在时。4．谋篇布局：(1)标题：EnglishSummerCamp。(2)正文：介绍夏令营的情况——帮助学习英语，建立良好的人际

关系，定期举办活动，费用低，欢迎大家参加。(3)落款：海报组织方(TheStudentUnion)及时间。注意：文中可以使用一些激励性的词语，但不可夸大事实；海报文字要求简洁明了，篇幅要短。[经典范文]EnglishSumm

erCampWouldyouliketospendthesummervacationwithyourfriends？AreyoueagertopractiseyourEnglishand①get_your

_oral_English_improved②while_enjoying_yourself？Comeon！JointheEnglishSummerCampwithus！Thesummercampis_aimed_at_theimprovementofitsmembe

rs'Englishas_well_astheestablishmentofgoodinterpersonalrelationships.Everysummer，therearevarieties_ofactivities，su

chaslearningEnglishsongs，dancingandplayinggames.Thememberscanlearnalotintherelaxedatmosphere.Inthisway，③not_only_can_the_members_improv

e_their_English，butalsotheycanlearnhowtoget_along_well_withothers.Inaddition，themembershipfeeislow.Don'thesitateanylonger—joinusa

ndenjoyyoursummervacation!TheStudentUnionMay10th,2019[精彩点评]1．行文逻辑。标题—正文(介绍夏令营的具体情况)—落款。2．词和短语。运用了较高级的词汇，

如：eager(渴望的)，beaimedat(旨在)，improvement(提高)，aswellas(也/和)，establishment(建立)，interpersonal(人际的)，varietiesof(各种各样的)，getalongwellwith(与……相处融洽)，hesitat

e(犹豫)。3．句式句法。运用了多样化的句式结构，如①“get＋宾语＋宾补”结构：getyouroralEnglishimproved；②时间状语从句的省略：whileenjoyingyourself；③部分倒装结构：notonlycanthemembersimprovetheirEng

lish等。请根据以下信息写一份海报。为了增强同学们的环保意识，提高同学们的英语口语水平，我校学生会经研究决定于11月20日下午2∶00在学校学生活动中心举办一场关于“要经济还是要环境”的英语辩论赛。每班选3名学生代表本班参加；参加人员名单须于11月13日以前交至学生会办公室；

以班为单位奖励前五名。注意：1.词数100左右；2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。[答案]TheEconomyortheEnvironmentInordertostrengthenthestudents'senseofenvironmentalprotectionandimprove

ourspokenEnglish,theStudentUnionhasdeterminedtoorganizeanEnglishdebateon“theeconomyortheenvironment”．Thedeba

teisgoingtobeheldinthestudents'activitycenteroftheschoolat2∶00p.m.onNov.20th.Eachclassoughttoselect3stude

ntstotakepartinthedebateonbehalfoftheclass.ThelistoftheparticipantsmustbehandedintotheStudentUnionofficebeforeNov.13th.Thetopfiveclasseswillbeawa

rded.TheStudentUnion课后作业(六)Ⅰ.单句语法填空1．Wouldyoumind__________(turn)downyourradioalittle，please?2．__________(make)friendsplaysanimportantpa

rtinourlife.3．Itisuseless__________(telephone)him.Heisnotwillingtocome.4．Iremember__________(be)takentothezoobymymotherwhenIwasachild.5．Hesucceededi

n__________(persuade)hertotakethejob.6．________________(host)theOlympicGamesisagreathonortoeverycountry.7．Hehasbeenus

edto__________(get)upearly.8．__________(leave)itwithmeshouldbeagoodchoice.Trustme.9．__________(see)isonething；__________(do)i

sanother.10．Ourclassroomneeds______________________(clean)everyday.[答案]1.turning2.Making3.telephoning4．being5.persuading6.Hosting7.getting8.Leaving

9.Seeing/Tosee；doing/todo10.cleaning/tobecleanedⅡ.完成句子1．_____________________________________________________(他没准时到车站)madeeveryoneworriedlastnight.2．

Heisusedto__________________________(在公众场合讲话)．3．Wewilldoeverythingwecanto__________(阻止他伤害自己)．4．Mybrotherisveryfondof____________________

(集邮)．5．Inmanyways，ridingonabikeissimilarto__________(开车)．[答案]1.Hisnotarrivingat/gettingtothestationontime2.speakingi

npublic3.preventinghimfromhurtinghimself4.collectingstamps5.drivingacarⅢ.阅读理解AThesingle，decisive(关键的)factorthatmakesitpossibleformankindtosett

leinlastingcommunitiesisagriculture.AfterfarmingwasdevelopedintheMiddleEastinabout6500BC,peoplelivinginfami

lyunitsdidnothavetobeonthemovecontinuallysearchingforfoodorhuntingtheiranimals.Oncepeoplecouldcontro

ltheproductionoffoodandbeassuredofareliablesupplyofit,theirliveschangedcompletely.Farmingisarevolutionarydis

covery.Itnotonlymadesettlementspossibleandlaterthebuildingofcitiesbutalsomadeareliablefoodsupplyavailable

.Withmorefoodavailable,morepeoplecouldbefed.Populationthereforeincreased.Thegrowingnumberofpeopleformorekindsofworkledtothedevelopment

ofnewsocialformations.Withmoreandmorefood,acommunitycouldsupportavarietyofworkerswhowerenotfarmers.Farminginthewor

ldhasalwaysrelieduponadependablewatersupply.Fortheearliestsocietiesthismeantriversandstreamsorregularrainfall.Manygr

eatcivilizationsgrewupalongrivers.Latercommunitieswereabletodevelopbytakingadvantageoftherainyseasons.Alloftheancientcivilizationsprobablydevelop

edinmuchthesameway,inspiteofafewdifferences.Asvillagesgrew,theproductionofmorenumerousgoodsbecamepossible.Clothcouldbewovenfromwool.Housesmadeofwo

od,brickandstonecouldbeputup.Thescienceofmathematicswasanearlyoutcomeofagriculture.Peoplestudiedthemovementsofthemoon,thesun,andtheplanet

stoworkoutseasons.Bydoingsotheycreatedthefirstcalendars(日历).Withacalendaritwaspossibletofindoutthearrivalofeachgrowingseaso

n.Measurementoflandareaswasnecessaryiffieldwastobedividedaccurately.Measurementofthenumber,forexample,ofseedsorgrainswasalsoafactorinfarmi

ngandhousekeeping.Latermeasuresofvalueofmoneybecamecommon.AllofthemajorancientcivilizationsinMesopotamia,Egypt，theIndusValley,andChinaappea

redseveralthousandyearsago.Historiansstillargueoverwhichonecameintobeingfirst.ItmaywellhavebeentheMiddleEast.Thisplacereachesoutfro

mtheNileRiverinEgyptnorthwardalongthecoastofformerPalestine，theneastwardintoAsiatoincludeMesopotamia.Inthisareapeoplesett

ledalongtheriverbanksandpracticedfieldagriculture.Thiskindoffarmingdependedonthereproductionofseeds，normallyfromgraincrops.语篇解读：本文叙述了农业

的重要性。1．Thefinalresultofthedevelopmentofagriculturewasthat__________.A．anewsocialformationcameintobeingB．thepopulationincreasedslowlyC．avariety

ofjobswereopentopeopleD．aconstantsupplyoffoodwascertain[解析]推理判断题。根据第二段中的“Populationthereforeincreased.Thegrowingnumberofpeop

leformorekindsofworkledtothedevelopmentofnewsocialformations.Withmoreandmorefood，acommunitycouldsupportavarietyofworkerswhowerenotfarmers.”可知，农业发展的最

后结果就是一个新的社会形态的形成。故选A。[答案]A2．Whatcanwelearnaccordingtothepassage?A．Clothmakingmarkedanimportantperiodinagricultur

aldevelopment.B．Moderncitiesdevelopedoutoforiginallywealthiervillages.C．Societiesinthepastindifferentpartsoftheworl

dmightgrowinsimilarways.D．Mathematicshelpedcreatetheagriculturalsociety.[解析]推理判断题。根据第四段中的第一句“Alloftheancientciv

ilizationsprobablydevelopedinmuchthesameway，inspiteofafewdifferences.”可知，尽管有一些差异，所有的古代文明很可能都以相同的方式发展。故选C。[答案]C3．Itcanbesafelyconclude

dthat__________.A．theearliestcivilizationfirstcameintobeingintheMiddleEastB．thedevelopmentofagricultureplayedaveryimportantrole

inhumanhistoryC．thedevelopmentofmathsplayedadecisiveroleinthebirthofmoderncitiesD．allancientcivilizationsaroundtheworlddevelopedi

nexactlythesameway[解析]推理判断题。根据第一段的第一句“Thesingle，decisive(关键的)factorthatmakesitpossibleformankindtosettleinlastingcommunitiesisa

griculture.”可知，农业发展在人类历史中扮演着重要角色。故选B。[答案]B4．Thepassageismainlyabout__________.A．therelationshipbetweenagricultureandsocietyB．theoriginofagri

cultureC．theancientcivilizationD．theimportanceofagriculture[解析]主旨大意题。根据第一段中的“Thesingle，decisive(关键的)factorthatmakesitpos

sibleformankindtosettleinlastingcommunitiesisagriculture.”和“Oncepeoplecouldcontroltheproductionoffoodand

beassuredofareliablesupplyofit，theirliveschangedcompletely.”及全文内容可知，农业有着重要的作用。故选D。[答案]DBYou'reinabitofadilemmastand

inginfrontoftheproducesectionofyourlocalsupermarket.Inonehand，you'reholdingaconventionallygrownGrannySmithapple.Inyourotherhand,youhaveonetha

t'sbeenorganicallygrown.Bothapplesarefirm,shinyandgreen.Bothprovidevitaminsandfiber,andbotharefreeoffat,sodiumandcholesterol.Theconventionallygrown

applecostslessandisaprovenfamilyfavorite.Buttheorganicapplehasalabelthatsays“USDAOrganic”.Doesthatmeanit'

sbetter？Safer?Morenutritious?Becomeabetterinformedconsumerforyournexttriptothesupermarket.Severaldifferencesbetweeno

rganicandnon­organicfoodsexist.Theword“organic”referstothewayfarmersgrowandprocessagriculturalproducts,suchasfruits,vegetables，gra

ins,dairyproductsandmeat.Organicfarmingpracticesaredesignedtoencouragesoilandwaterconservationandreducepollution.Farmersw

hogroworganicproduceandmeatdon'tuseconventionalmethodstofertilize,controlweedsorpreventlivestockdisease.Hereareotherdifferencesbet

weenconventionalfarmingandorganicfarming：ConventionalfarmersOrganicfarmersApplychemicalfertilizerstopromoteplantgrowth.Applyn

aturalfertilizerstofeedsoilandplants.Applyinsecticidetoreducepestsanddisease.Usebeneficialinsectsandbirdstoredu

cepestsanddisease.Giveanimalsantibiotics，growthhormonesandmedicationstopreventdiseaseandpromotegrowth.Giveanimalsorganicfoodsandal

lowthemaccesstotheoutdoors.Usepreventivemeasures—suchasabalanceddietandcleanhousing—tohelpminimizedisease.*OrganicornotCheckthelabelTheUSDepartm

entofAgriculture(USDA)hasestablishedanorganiccertificationprogramthatrequiresallorganicfoodstomeetstrictgovernmentstandards.Thesest

andardsregulatehowsuchfoodsaregrown，handledandprocessed.AnyfarmerorfoodmanufacturerwholabelsandsellsaproductasorganicmustbeUSDAcertifiedasmee

tingthesestandards.Onlyproducerswhoselllessthan$5,000ayearinorganicfoodsareexempt(免除)fromthiscertification.IfafoodbearsaUSDAOrganicl

abel，itmeansit'sproducedandprocessedaccordingtotheUSDAstandards.Thesealisvoluntary，butmanyorganicprod

ucersuseit.语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。“有机食品”一词对我们来说耳熟能详。但有机食物和普通的食物在农业生产过程中到底有怎样的差异，并不是每一个人都很清楚。5．Themainpurposeofthepassageisto________.A．promotethesal

esoforganicfoodsB．informpeoplethatorganicfoodsarebetterfortheirhealthC．compareconventionalandorganicfoodsD．persuadepeopletobecomeinformedconsumers[解

析]目的意图题。该题目实际上是在考查文章是围绕什么内容展开的。文章的第一段就提出了conventionalapple和organicapple的不同概念，下文就这两种事物进行了对比，故该文章的写作目的是告诉人们传统食品与有机

食品的差别。[答案]C6．Accordingtothepassage,organicfarmingisintendedto________.A．improvethequalityofthesoilandwat

erB．taketheplaceofthetraditionalagricultureentirelyC．preventlivestockfromgettingdiseasemoreeffectivelyD．adoptenvironmentally­friendlymethodst

ogrowplantsandfeedanimals[解析]细节理解题。文章表格中对有机农业和传统农业做法的对比体现了有机农业的优势：在对环境有益的基础上生产健康的食品。由此可知，有机农业旨在通过对环境有益的方法进行生产

。[答案]D7．Whichofthefollowingmethodsbelongstoorganicfarming?A．Usingchemicalstokillinsectsandpreventdisease.B．Usingrott

edplantsasfertilizerstopromoteplantgrowth.C．Usinggrowthhormonestospeedupanimals'growth.D．Usingpeststoreduceinsectsanddisease.[解析]细节

理解题。根据表格右栏中的“Applynaturalfertilizerstofeedsoilandplants.”可知B项正确。A项中的chemicals，C项中的hormones以及D项中的pests均不符合有机农业的要求。[答案]B8．Fromthepassageweknowtheorgani

ccertificationprogram________.A．isnotmeantforproduceofallproducersB．makesitamusttoattachaUSDAOrganiclabel

C．setsrestrictionsonthesalesoforganicproduceD．requiresallfoodstosatisfythestrictgovernmentstandards[解析]细节理解题。根据最后一段可知，并非所有农产品

的生产商都要给他们的产品进行有机认证。[答案]AⅣ.短文改错Mysoccercoachretiredinlastweek.Iwantedtodoanythingspecialforhimathisretirementparty.Mymummakesthebetterb

iscuitsintheworld，soIdecidetoaskherforhelp.Mumtaughtmesomebasicstepofbaking.Iinsistedondoingmostofthebakingmyself.Ithoughtthebiscuitswerere

allywell.MyonlymistakewasthatIdroppedsomeonthefloorafterIwaspackingthemup.Ataparty，mycoach，withabiscuitinhismouth，askedsurprisinglywhomad

ethemandjoked，“Imighthavetoretireagainnextyearjustgetsomemoreofthesebiscuits.”Myfavoritepictureatthepartyisofmycoachandmeenjoyt

hebiscuitswithhappylaughter![答案]Mysoccercoachretiredin＼lastweek.Iwantedtodoanythingsomethingspecialforhima

thisretirementparty.Mymummakesthebetterbestbiscuitsintheworld，soIdecidedecidedtoaskherforhelp.Mumtaughtmesom

ebasicstepstepsofbaking.Iinsistedondoingmostofthebakingmyself.Ithoughtthebiscuitswerereallywellgood.Myonlymistakewas

thatIdroppedsomeonthefloorafterwhen/whileIwaspackingthemup.Atatheparty，mycoach，withabiscuitinhismouth，askedsurprisinglywho

madethemandjoked，“Imighthavetoretireagainnextyearjust∧togetsomemoreofthesebiscuits.”Myfavoritepictureatthepartyisofmyc

oachandmeenjoyenjoyingthebiscuitswithhappylaughter!Ⅴ.书面表达百度百科打算创建英文版的百度人物词条，请你结合以下信息，为袁隆平编写词条。姓名：袁隆平爱好：听音乐，游泳职业：科学家生活态度：生活简朴，淡泊名利出生：1930

年，北京毕业院校：西南农学院成就：1.提高水稻产量，消除世界饥饿2.杂交水稻之父注意：1.适当表达个人看法；2．词数100左右。参考词汇：西南农学院SouthwestAgriculturalCollege杂交水稻之父FatherofHybridRice[答案]YuanLo

ngpingisagreatscientistwhoisdevotedtoagriculture.BorninBeijingin1930，YuangraduatedfromSouthwestAgriculturalCollege.Aftergraduation，findingwaystogr

owmorericehasbeenhislifegoal.Thankstohisresearchinhybridrice，wehavemoretoolstoincreasethericeoutputandridtheworldofhunger，for

whichheishonoredas“FatherofHybridRice”．YuanLongpinglivesasimplelifeandhecareslittleaboutmoneyorbeingfamous.Asforhobbies，heenjoyslisteningtomusi

caswellasswimming.YuanLongpinghasmadegreatcontributionsnotonlytoChina，butalsotothewholeworld.Therefor

e，inmyeyes，heismorethanascientist；heisapioneerforallpeople.获得更多资源请扫码加入享学资源网微信公众号www.xiangxue100.com