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PartⅢGrammar&WritingGrammar——动词ing形式作主语和宾语一、基本用法动词ing形式在句子中可以作主语、宾语、表语、宾语补足语和状语。其基本形式如下:Beingexposedt
othesunforalongtimewilldoharmtoyourskin.暴露在太阳下太长的时间会伤害你的皮肤。Heenjoyswalkinginthefieldinasummermorning.
他喜欢在夏日的早上在田间漫步。[名师点津](1)非谓语动词ing形式的一般式常表示该动作与句子谓语动作同时发生,而动词ing形式的完成式则表示该动作发生在谓语动作之前。(2)非谓语动词ing形式若与其逻辑主语之间为被动关系时,需用被动语态;而不及物动词的非
谓语形式无被动语态,但可有完成形式。(3)非谓语动词ing形式的否定式通常是在其前加not,带有逻辑主语时not应放在逻辑主语和动词ing形式之间。[即学即用]写出下列句中的动词ing(短语)所充当的成分①Playingwithfireisd
angerous.______________②Wouldyoumindopeningthewindow?______________③Havingfinishedhispaper,hehandeditt
ohistutor.______________④Whenhewalkedpasttheplayground,hesawsomeboysplayingfootballhappily.______________单句改错⑤Excuse
mefornotmycomingontime.______________⑥I'msorryforhavingnotkeptmypromise.______________[答案]①主语②宾语③状语④宾语补足语⑤notmy→mynot⑥havingnot→nothaving1.动词
ing形式作主语(1)动词ing形式作主语时,多表示经常性、习惯性的动作,谓语动词多用单数形式Laughingoftenwillbenefityoualot.笑口常开好处多多。Havinglivedabroadforalon
gtimemakeshimhomesick.在国外生活了很久令他想家。[名师点津]意义不同的两个动词ing形式并列作主语时,谓语动词需用复数形式。Writingandreadingarehertwohobbies.写文章及读书是她的两个爱好。(2)形式主语it代替动
词ing形式作主语①Itis+adj.+doingsth.Itis/feelsfunnydoingsth.做某事(感觉)很滑稽Itisuselessdoingsth.做某事无用It'sworthwhiledoingsth.做某事是值得的②Itisawasteof+n.+doingsth
.It'sawasteoftimedoingsth.做某事是浪费时间③Itisno+n.+doingsth.It'snogood/nouse/nofundoingsth.做某事没好处/没用/没意思④Therebe+no+
doing(joking/knowing...)Itisuselessmakingsuchefforts.做这样的努力是没用的。Itisawasteoftimedoingsuchwork.做这样的工作是浪费时间。Itisnogoodsaying
suchwords.说那样的话没有好处。Thereisnoknowinghowtheprojectwillbecarriedout.不知道这个工程将如何实施。[即学即用]单句语法填空①Itisawasteoftime______
____(try)topersuadehimtogiveupsmoking.②__________isworthwhilereading/toreadsuchawonderfulnovel.③It'snouse__________(complain)withouttakingac
tion.④Thereisno__________(deny)thattheenvironmentisfrombadtoworse.完成句子⑤__________________isagoodwaytolearnalanguage.大声朗读是学习语言的一种好方法。⑥________________
__isthesameaskillinghimforhisproperty.浪费别人的时间无异于谋财害命。[答案]①trying②It③complaining④denying⑤Readingaloud⑥Wastingaper
son'stime2.动词ing形式作宾语(1)在admit,avoid,consider(考虑),enjoy,escape,excuse,finish,imagine,mind,miss,practise,suggest,delay,appreciate等动词之后只能用动词ing形
式作宾语,不能用不定式Hefinallyadmittedhavingmadesuchamistake.他终于承认犯了那样的错误。Thelittlegirlpractisesplayingthepianoevery
day.女孩每天练习弹钢琴。(2)在动词短语giveup,feellike,putoff,getto(着手),objectto,lookforwardto,devoteoneselfto,can'thelp(禁不住),can'tb
ear/stand等之后用动词ing形式作宾语I'mlookingforwardtohearingfromyou.我盼望着收到你的来信。Hedevoteshimselftolookingintothematter.他致力
于调查这起事件的真相。[联想发散]接动词ing作宾语的及物动词(短语):建议考虑坚持练(suggest,advise,consider,insiston,practise)允许想象弃冒险(permit,allow,imagin
e,giveup,risk)阻止抵抗否逃脱(prevent,resist,deny,escape)不禁介意保持完(can'thelp,mind,keep,finish)耽误推迟求原谅(delay,putoff,require,forgi
ve,excuse)承认错过欣喜欢(admit,miss,appreciate,enjoy)[即学即用]单句语法填空①Ioftenpractise__________(listen)and______
____(speak).②Theboywasluckytoescape________________(punish).完成句子③Itisusefulforsomeonewhoistryingtogiveup__________.这对于正在试图戒烟的人来说很
有用。④Ihaveneverdreamedof_______________________.我从未梦想过要参观那个地方。⑤It'squitehottoday.Doyoufeellike_____________?今天很热。你愿意去游泳吗?[答案]①list
ening;speaking②beingpunished③smoking④visitingthatplace⑤goingforaswim二、动词ing形式作宾语时,需要注意的问题1.某些动词及动词短语后面既可以用不定式也可
以用动词ing作宾语(1)动词begin,start,continue等后既可跟不定式,又可跟动词ing作宾语,意义基本相同Theycontinuedreading/toread.他们继续朗读。(2)动词love,like,hate
,prefer等后可跟动词ing和不定式作宾语,但接动名词表示经常性的情况,接不定式表示具体的动作Ihatewalkinginsucharainyday.(习惯)我不喜欢在这样的雨天里散步。Ihatetotroubleyou.(动作)我真不愿麻烦你。(
3)一些动词后既可跟动词ing作宾语,又可跟不定式作宾语,但意义有很大差别goondoingsth.继续做同一件事goontodosth.接着做另一件事stopdoingsth.停止做某事stoptodosth.停下来去做某
事forgetdoingsth.忘记做过某事forgettodosth.忘记要做某事trydoingsth.试着做某事trytodosth.试图做某事rememberdoin
gsth.记得做过某事remembertodosth.记住要做某事regretdoingsth.后悔做了某事regrettodosth.很遗憾要做某事meantodosth.打算做某事meandoingsth.意味着做某事Iremember
edlockingthedoor.(记得事情做了)我记得锁门了。Whenyouleavethehouse,pleaseremembertolockthedoor.(记着去做)离开家时,记着锁门。(4)在nee
d,want,require,demand,deserve等后用动词ing的主动形式表示被动,need/want/require/demand/deservedoing=need/want/requ
ire/demand/deservetobedoneThecottageneedsrepairing.=Thecottageneedstoberepaired.这所农舍需要修理。Theletterdemandsanswering
atonce.=Theletterdemandstobeansweredatonce.需要立刻回复这封信。[即学即用]单句语法填空①Helikes__________buthedoesn'tlike______________thisafternoon.(swim)②Heusuallyprefer
sstayinginthehousewhenitrains,butthistimeheprefers______________(go)out.单句改错③Imeantochangingitforanotherone._____
_________④IrememberedlockingthedoorbeforeIlefttheoffice,butforgotturningoffthelights.______________一句多译这位员工值得表扬。(deserve)⑤_________________
_⑥__________________这个窗户需要清扫了。⑦__________________⑧__________________[答案]①swimming;toswim②togo③changing→change④locking→tolock;turning→tot
urn⑤Theworkerdeservedpraising.⑥Theworkerdeservedtobepraised.⑦Thewindowneeds/requires/wantscleaning.⑧Thewindow
needs/requires/wantstobecleaned.2.动词ing形式作宾语时,省掉介词的情况Tomoftenspendssometime(in)helpingthedisabled.汤姆经常花时间帮助残疾人。Iambusy(in)finish
ingmyhomework.我忙于完成我的作业。Lastsummerholiday,Ihadagoodtime(in)traveling.去年暑假去旅行,我过得很高兴。Heisusuallybusy(in)managinghisshop.他通常忙于经营商店。spend...(in)doing
sth.花费……做某事havedifficulty/trouble(in)doing...做……有困难/麻烦stop/prevent...(from)doing阻止……做某事wastetime(in)doing浪费时间做某事
bebusy(in)doing忙于做某事haveagood/hardtime(in)doingsth.做某事很高兴/费了很大劲[即学即用]单句语法填空①Yesterday,Ihaddifficulty/troublein__________(hunt)forsomeimportantin
formationontheInternet.②Weallhadagoodtime__________(stay)atyourhome.③Heusuallyspendshisfreetime__________(develop)
hisownhobby.④Mydearchild,don'twastetoomuchtimejust__________(play)around.[答案]①hunting②staying③developing④play
ing三、动词ing的复合结构1.动词ing的复合结构作主语动词ing的复合结构作主语时的两种形式(1)形容词性物主代词+动词ing(2)名词(有生命的物体)'s+动词ingHisbeinglateagainmadehis
bossveryangry.他又一次迟到令他的老板很生气。Jane'sbeingcarelesscausedsomuchtrouble.简这么粗心惹来了不少麻烦。2.动词ing的复合结构作宾语动词ing的复合结构作宾语时的四种形式(1)形容词性物主代
词+动词ing(2)代词宾格+动词ing(3)名词+动词ing(4)名词(有生命的物体)'s或名词(有生命的物体)+动词ingHemadeanapologyforhis/himtellingliestothepublic.他因向公众撒谎而道歉。Outsi
detheclassroom,wecouldhearthenoiseofthedesksbeingopenedandclosed.在教室外,我们能够听到课桌被打开及关闭的声音。ThechairmanofthemeetingwasangryatJohn's/Johnbeingabsentfro
mthemeeting.会议主席因约翰的缺席而生气。[名师点津](1)动词ing形式的否定形式:not置于动词ing形式结构之前,即:notdoing...。(2)能够在句中充当主语和宾语的动词ing形式又可称之
为“动名词”。(3)动词ing的复合结构(也可称之为动名词的复合结构)的否定形式为:形容词性的物主代词/宾格/名词/名词所有格+notdoing...。(4)动词ing的复合结构中的“形容词性的物主代词/宾格/名词”与动词in
g之间构成逻辑上的主谓关系。Jerry'snotarrivingontimemadepeoplepresentangry.杰瑞未能按时到达令在场的人很生气。Notknowingwhathashappenedtohisdau
ghtermakesthefatherupset.不知道女儿发生了什么使得这位父亲很是不安。[即学即用]用动名词的复合结构完成句子①__________________madehimworried.他父亲病了,使他很担心。②W
earelookingforwardto__________________giveusaconcert.我们盼望着周杰伦来给我们举办一场演唱会。③__________________encouragedallofus.她来帮忙鼓舞了我们所有人。④Thebabywasmadeawakeb
y__________________.这个婴儿被突然的关门声吵醒了。[答案]①Hisfather'sbeingill②JayChou'scomingto③Hercomingtohelp④thedoorsuddenlyshuttingⅠ.完成句子1.Thisbookisworth__
________________.这本书值得再读一次。2.Wemusttrytoavoid__________________.我们必须设法避免犯同样的错误。3.Peoplecouldn'thelp______________thatfoolishman.人们忍不住嘲笑那个愚蠢的
人。4.Ishallneverforget__________________.我永远不会忘记见到过那位著名作家。5.Wedon'tallow__________________.我们不允许在办公室里吸烟。6.Itisworthwhile__________________.做
这个实验是值得的。7.Maryisconsidering______________________.玛丽正在考虑换工作。8.Wouldyoumind______________________?打开门你介意吗?[答案]1.readingagain2.makingthesame
mistakes3.laughingat4.seeingthefamouswriter5.smokingintheoffice6.makingtheexperiment7.changingherjob8.openingthedoorⅡ.单句语法
填空1.Everybodystopped__________(talk)assoonastheoldexpertbeganhisspeech.2.Ihavenotrouble__________(pers
uade)himtochangehismind.3.It'snogood__________(make)anexcuseforthis.4.Peopleappreciate__________(work)withhimbecausehehasagoodsenseofhum
or.5.________________(put)onmoreclothesisnotsogood.6.Theseflowersneed____________________(water).7.Hegotwellpreparedforthejobinterview,forhecou
ldn'trisk__________(lose)thegoodopportunity.8.__________________(invite)tothepartywasagreathonourtothefamily.9.Icannotimag
inetheboy__________(speak)sorudelytohisparents.10.__________(meet)youhasbeenagreatpleasure.[答案]1.talking2.persuadin
g3.making4.working5.Putting/Toput6.watering/tobewatered7.losing8.Beinginvited9.speaking10.Meeting1.(2018·北京卷)__________(travel)alongtheoldSilkRoadisa
ninterestingandrewardingexperience.2.(2016·浙江卷)IhadasmuchfunsailingtheseasasInowdo__________(work)withstudents.3.(2016·全国卷Ⅰ)Myambassadorialdutieswil
linclude__________(introduce)Britishvisitorstothe120pluspandasatChengdu...4.(2016·浙江卷)__________(plan)isgoodasitdecidesindetailhowwedowhatwewanttodo
.5.(2016·陕西卷)AfterreceivingtheOscarforBestSupportingActress,AnneBenedictwenton__________(thank)allth
epeoplewhohadhelpedinhercareer.6.(2015·安徽卷)__________(ignore)thedifferencebetweenthetworesearchfindingswillbeoneoft
heworstmistakesyoumake.7.(2014·陕西卷)It'squitehottoday.Doyoufeellike__________(go)foraswim?8.(2014·湖南卷)__________(understan
d)yourownneedsandstylesofcommunicationisasimportantaslearningtoconveyyouraffectionandemotions.9.(2014·湖南卷)Thefilmstarwearssunglasses.Ther
efore,hecangoshoppingwithout__________(recognize).10.(2014·江西卷)Whenitcomesto__________(speak)inpublic,noonecanmatchhim.1.[解析]句意:沿古老的丝绸之路
旅行是一次有趣和有益的经历。本题考查非谓语动词作主语。根据题干可知,__________alongtheoldSilkRoad是主语部分,应该用动名词形式作主语。[答案]Traveling2.[解析]句意:我过去航海
和现在与学生们打交道一样开心。句中do代替havefun,havefundoingsth.“做某事很开心”。[答案]working3.[解析]includesth.“包含……”,introducing作include的宾语。[答案]introducing4.[解析]动词ing作主语,故用pl
anning。[答案]Planning5.[解析]goontodosth.“继续做……”,故用tothank。[答案]tothank6.[解析]句意:忽视那两个调查结果的不同将会是你犯的最严重的错误之一。本题考查非谓语动词作主语。设空处在句中作主语,故用不定式或动
名词形式。[答案]Ignoring/Toignore7.[解析]句意:今天天气好热。你想去游泳吗?考查非谓语动词。feellikedoingsth.“想要做某事”。非谓语动词表示的动作并未在谓语动词的动作之前发生,所以不能填havingg
one。[答案]going8.[解析]句意:对你自己的交流需求及交流风格加以理解和学会表达你的爱和情感一样重要。本题考查非谓语动词作主语。[答案]Understanding9.[解析]放在介词withou
t后要用动词ing形式且与句子主语之间为被动关系,故用beingrecognized。[答案]beingrecognized10.[解析]本句中to为介词,故应用speaking。[答案]speakingWriting——海报海报属于应用文的范畴,是一种用于告知广大
群众各种信息的宣传性招贴,其宣传内容涉及影视作品、体育赛事和学术报告等。海报往往以通告的形式张贴在公共场所。它由标题、正文、出海报的单位以及日期构成。海报写作形式灵活,语言活泼。海报一般由标题、正文和落款三部分组成。1.标题。海报的标题是海报最显眼的一部分,一般写在海报上方正中处。标题
可以反映海报的核心内容,如FootballMatch,Lecture,FilmNews等,也可直接写POSTER。2.正文。海报的内容通常包括三部分。开头通常先介绍活动背景或开展此活动的目的;主体部分介
绍活动细节,包括时间、地点、相关人员以及其他事宜;结尾通常发出号召,呼吁人们积极参加该活动。3.落款。海报要写明主办单位名称以及发出海报的日期。海报的署名一般在右下角,日期在署名的下一行,通常位于左下角。[常用开头语]①Ourschool
paperisingreatneedof/lookingfor...②Thosewhoareinterestedintheposition,pleasegetintouchwith...③Thecompanyisplanningtoemploy...④Th
erewillbeacompetitiontobeheldin...on...⑤Thestudentunionhasdecided...⑥Inordertocelebrate...,ameeting/partyistobeheld..
.[主体部分]①Hereistheperfectsolutiontoallyourproblems.②It'smadeofwood/silver...③Youwilltellthedifferencefromothers.④What'stheadvantagesoftheproduct?⑤It'
sarealbargainanditwillonlycostyou...⑥Theadvantagesoftheproductsare...[尾段常用句式]①Comehereontimeandbringapenand...withyou.②Noaskingforleave
withoutspecialreasons.③Pleasebethereontimeanddon'tbelate.④Everyoneisdemandedtobepresentontime.⑤Lookingforwardto
yourcomingletter/email.[写作提示]假如你校学生会组织了英语夏令营活动以便同学们能更好地学习英语、建立良好的人际关系。每年暑假有形式多样的活动(如学习英文歌曲、舞蹈、游戏等),活动费用低。请你用英语写一篇海报向同学们介绍一下夏
令营的情况并邀请同学们参加。注意:词数100左右。[写作要点]1.文体:题目要求写一篇英文海报,海报属于应用文。2.人称:介绍夏令营的相关情况时用第三人称,邀请性的语句用第二人称。3.时态:多用一般现在时。4.谋篇布局:(1)标题:EnglishS
ummerCamp。(2)正文:介绍夏令营的情况——帮助学习英语,建立良好的人际关系,定期举办活动,费用低,欢迎大家参加。(3)落款:海报组织方(TheStudentUnion)及时间。注意:文中可以使用一些激励性的词语,但不可夸大事实;海报文字
要求简洁明了,篇幅要短。[经典范文]EnglishSummerCampWouldyouliketospendthesummervacationwithyourfriends?AreyoueagertopractiseyourEnglishand①get_your_oral
_English_improved②while_enjoying_yourself?Comeon!JointheEnglishSummerCampwithus!Thesummercampis_aimed_at_theimpro
vementofitsmembers'Englishas_well_astheestablishmentofgoodinterpersonalrelationships.Everysummer,therearevarieties_of
activities,suchaslearningEnglishsongs,dancingandplayinggames.Thememberscanlearnalotintherelaxedatmosphere.Inthisway,③not_only_can_the_members_improv
e_their_English,butalsotheycanlearnhowtoget_along_well_withothers.Inaddition,themembershipfeeislow.Don'the
sitateanylonger—joinusandenjoyyoursummervacation!TheStudentUnionMay10th,2019[精彩点评]1.行文逻辑。标题—正文(介绍夏令营的具体情
况)—落款。2.词和短语。运用了较高级的词汇,如:eager(渴望的),beaimedat(旨在),improvement(提高),aswellas(也/和),establishment(建立),interpersonal(人际的),varietiesof(各种各样的),getalongwe
llwith(与……相处融洽),hesitate(犹豫)。3.句式句法。运用了多样化的句式结构,如①“get+宾语+宾补”结构:getyouroralEnglishimproved;②时间状语从句的省略:whileenjoyingyourself;③部分倒
装结构:notonlycanthemembersimprovetheirEnglish等。请根据以下信息写一份海报。为了增强同学们的环保意识,提高同学们的英语口语水平,我校学生会经研究决定于11月20日下午2∶00在学校学生活动中心举办一场关于“要
经济还是要环境”的英语辩论赛。每班选3名学生代表本班参加;参加人员名单须于11月13日以前交至学生会办公室;以班为单位奖励前五名。注意:1.词数100左右;2.可以适当增加细节,以使行文连贯。[答案]TheEconomyortheEnvironmentInordertostre
ngthenthestudents'senseofenvironmentalprotectionandimproveourspokenEnglish,theStudentUnionhasdeterminedtoor
ganizeanEnglishdebateon“theeconomyortheenvironment”.Thedebateisgoingtobeheldinthestudents'activitycenterofthes
choolat2∶00p.m.onNov.20th.Eachclassoughttoselect3studentstotakepartinthedebateonbehalfoftheclass.Thelistoftheparticipantsmustbeha
ndedintotheStudentUnionofficebeforeNov.13th.Thetopfiveclasseswillbeawarded.TheStudentUnion课后作业(六)Ⅰ.单句语法填空1.Wouldyoumind______
____(turn)downyourradioalittle,please?2.__________(make)friendsplaysanimportantpartinourlife.3.Itisuseless__
________(telephone)him.Heisnotwillingtocome.4.Iremember__________(be)takentothezoobymymotherwhenIwasachild.5.Hesucceeded
in__________(persuade)hertotakethejob.6.________________(host)theOlympicGamesisagreathonortoeverycountry.7.Hehasbeenusedto____
______(get)upearly.8.__________(leave)itwithmeshouldbeagoodchoice.Trustme.9.__________(see)isonething;__________(do
)isanother.10.Ourclassroomneeds______________________(clean)everyday.[答案]1.turning2.Making3.telephoning4.being5.persuading6
.Hosting7.getting8.Leaving9.Seeing/Tosee;doing/todo10.cleaning/tobecleanedⅡ.完成句子1.__________________________________________
___________(他没准时到车站)madeeveryoneworriedlastnight.2.Heisusedto__________________________(在公众场合讲话).3.Wewilldoeverythingwecanto_______
___(阻止他伤害自己).4.Mybrotherisveryfondof____________________(集邮).5.Inmanyways,ridingonabikeissimilarto__________(开车)
.[答案]1.Hisnotarrivingat/gettingtothestationontime2.speakinginpublic3.preventinghimfromhurtinghimself4.co
llectingstamps5.drivingacarⅢ.阅读理解AThesingle,decisive(关键的)factorthatmakesitpossibleformankindtosettleinlastingcommunitiesisag
riculture.AfterfarmingwasdevelopedintheMiddleEastinabout6500BC,peoplelivinginfamilyunitsdidnothavetobeonthemov
econtinuallysearchingforfoodorhuntingtheiranimals.Oncepeoplecouldcontroltheproductionoffoodandbeassuredofareliablesupplyofit,the
irliveschangedcompletely.Farmingisarevolutionarydiscovery.Itnotonlymadesettlementspossibleandlaterthebuilding
ofcitiesbutalsomadeareliablefoodsupplyavailable.Withmorefoodavailable,morepeoplecouldbefed.Populationthereforeincreased.Thegrowingnumberofpeople
formorekindsofworkledtothedevelopmentofnewsocialformations.Withmoreandmorefood,acommunitycouldsupportavar
ietyofworkerswhowerenotfarmers.Farmingintheworldhasalwaysrelieduponadependablewatersupply.Fortheearliestsocietiesthismeantriversandstreamsorreg
ularrainfall.Manygreatcivilizationsgrewupalongrivers.Latercommunitieswereabletodevelopbytakingadvantageof
therainyseasons.Alloftheancientcivilizationsprobablydevelopedinmuchthesameway,inspiteofafewdifferences.Asvillagesgrew,theproductionofmoren
umerousgoodsbecamepossible.Clothcouldbewovenfromwool.Housesmadeofwood,brickandstonecouldbeputup.Thescienceofmathematicswasanea
rlyoutcomeofagriculture.Peoplestudiedthemovementsofthemoon,thesun,andtheplanetstoworkoutseasons.Bydoingsotheycreatedthefirstcalendars(日历).Wi
thacalendaritwaspossibletofindoutthearrivalofeachgrowingseason.Measurementoflandareaswasnecessaryiffieldwastobedividedaccurately.Measurement
ofthenumber,forexample,ofseedsorgrainswasalsoafactorinfarmingandhousekeeping.Latermeasuresofvalueofmoneybecamecommon.Allofthemajorancientc
ivilizationsinMesopotamia,Egypt,theIndusValley,andChinaappearedseveralthousandyearsago.Historiansstillargueoverwhichonecameintobeingfirs
t.ItmaywellhavebeentheMiddleEast.ThisplacereachesoutfromtheNileRiverinEgyptnorthwardalongthecoastofformerPalestine,t
heneastwardintoAsiatoincludeMesopotamia.Inthisareapeoplesettledalongtheriverbanksandpracticedfieldagriculture.Thiskindoffarmingdepe
ndedonthereproductionofseeds,normallyfromgraincrops.语篇解读:本文叙述了农业的重要性。1.Thefinalresultofthedevelopmentofagricu
lturewasthat__________.A.anewsocialformationcameintobeingB.thepopulationincreasedslowlyC.avarietyofjobswereope
ntopeopleD.aconstantsupplyoffoodwascertain[解析]推理判断题。根据第二段中的“Populationthereforeincreased.Thegrowingnumberofpeopleformorekind
sofworkledtothedevelopmentofnewsocialformations.Withmoreandmorefood,acommunitycouldsupportavarietyofworkerswhowerenotfarmers.”可知,农业发展的最后结果就
是一个新的社会形态的形成。故选A。[答案]A2.Whatcanwelearnaccordingtothepassage?A.Clothmakingmarkedanimportantperiodinagriculturaldevelopment.B.Modern
citiesdevelopedoutoforiginallywealthiervillages.C.Societiesinthepastindifferentpartsoftheworldmightgrowinsimilarways.D.Mathemat
icshelpedcreatetheagriculturalsociety.[解析]推理判断题。根据第四段中的第一句“Alloftheancientcivilizationsprobablydevelopedinmuchthesameway,inspiteofafewdifferences.”
可知,尽管有一些差异,所有的古代文明很可能都以相同的方式发展。故选C。[答案]C3.Itcanbesafelyconcludedthat__________.A.theearliestcivilizationfirstcameintobeingintheMiddleEa
stB.thedevelopmentofagricultureplayedaveryimportantroleinhumanhistoryC.thedevelopmentofmathsplayedadecisiveroleinthebirthofmoderncitiesD.alla
ncientcivilizationsaroundtheworlddevelopedinexactlythesameway[解析]推理判断题。根据第一段的第一句“Thesingle,decisive(关键的)factorthatmakes
itpossibleformankindtosettleinlastingcommunitiesisagriculture.”可知,农业发展在人类历史中扮演着重要角色。故选B。[答案]B4.Thepassage
ismainlyabout__________.A.therelationshipbetweenagricultureandsocietyB.theoriginofagricultureC.theanc
ientcivilizationD.theimportanceofagriculture[解析]主旨大意题。根据第一段中的“Thesingle,decisive(关键的)factorthatmakesitpossi
bleformankindtosettleinlastingcommunitiesisagriculture.”和“Oncepeoplecouldcontroltheproductionoffoodandbeassuredofareliablesupplyofit,theirlive
schangedcompletely.”及全文内容可知,农业有着重要的作用。故选D。[答案]DBYou'reinabitofadilemmastandinginfrontoftheproducesectionofyourlocalsupermarket.Inonehand,you'r
eholdingaconventionallygrownGrannySmithapple.Inyourotherhand,youhaveonethat'sbeenorganicallygrown.Bothapplesarefirm,
shinyandgreen.Bothprovidevitaminsandfiber,andbotharefreeoffat,sodiumandcholesterol.Theconventionallygrow
napplecostslessandisaprovenfamilyfavorite.Buttheorganicapplehasalabelthatsays“USDAOrganic”.Doesthatmeanit'sbetter?Safer?Morenutritious?Becom
eabetterinformedconsumerforyournexttriptothesupermarket.Severaldifferencesbetweenorganicandnonorganicfoodsexist.Theword“
organic”referstothewayfarmersgrowandprocessagriculturalproducts,suchasfruits,vegetables,grains,dairyproductsandmeat.Organicfarmingprac
ticesaredesignedtoencouragesoilandwaterconservationandreducepollution.Farmerswhogroworganicproduceandmeatdon'tuseconventionalmethodstoferti
lize,controlweedsorpreventlivestockdisease.Hereareotherdifferencesbetweenconventionalfarmingandorganicfarming:Conven
tionalfarmersOrganicfarmersApplychemicalfertilizerstopromoteplantgrowth.Applynaturalfertilizerstofeedsoilandplants.Applyinsecticidetoredu
cepestsanddisease.Usebeneficialinsectsandbirdstoreducepestsanddisease.Giveanimalsantibiotics,growthhormonesandmedicationstop
reventdiseaseandpromotegrowth.Giveanimalsorganicfoodsandallowthemaccesstotheoutdoors.Usepreventivemeasures—suchasabalancedd
ietandcleanhousing—tohelpminimizedisease.*OrganicornotCheckthelabelTheUSDepartmentofAgriculture(USDA)hasestablishedanorgan
iccertificationprogramthatrequiresallorganicfoodstomeetstrictgovernmentstandards.Thesestandardsregulatehowsuchfood
saregrown,handledandprocessed.AnyfarmerorfoodmanufacturerwholabelsandsellsaproductasorganicmustbeUSDAcertifiedasm
eetingthesestandards.Onlyproducerswhoselllessthan$5,000ayearinorganicfoodsareexempt(免除)fromthiscertification.Ifafoodb
earsaUSDAOrganiclabel,itmeansit'sproducedandprocessedaccordingtotheUSDAstandards.Thesealisvoluntary,butmanyorganicproducersuseit.语篇解读:本文是一篇
说明文。“有机食品”一词对我们来说耳熟能详。但有机食物和普通的食物在农业生产过程中到底有怎样的差异,并不是每一个人都很清楚。5.Themainpurposeofthepassageisto________.A.promotethesalesoforganicfoodsB.informpeoplet
hatorganicfoodsarebetterfortheirhealthC.compareconventionalandorganicfoodsD.persuadepeopletobecomeinformedconsu
mers[解析]目的意图题。该题目实际上是在考查文章是围绕什么内容展开的。文章的第一段就提出了conventionalapple和organicapple的不同概念,下文就这两种事物进行了对比,故该文章的写作
目的是告诉人们传统食品与有机食品的差别。[答案]C6.Accordingtothepassage,organicfarmingisintendedto________.A.improvethequalityofthesoilandwaterB.taketheplaceofthetrad
itionalagricultureentirelyC.preventlivestockfromgettingdiseasemoreeffectivelyD.adoptenvironmentallyfri
endlymethodstogrowplantsandfeedanimals[解析]细节理解题。文章表格中对有机农业和传统农业做法的对比体现了有机农业的优势:在对环境有益的基础上生产健康的食品。由此可知,有机农业旨在通过对环境有益的方法进行生产。[答案]D7.Whichoft
hefollowingmethodsbelongstoorganicfarming?A.Usingchemicalstokillinsectsandpreventdisease.B.Usingrottedplantsasfertilizerstopromoteplantgrowth.
C.Usinggrowthhormonestospeedupanimals'growth.D.Usingpeststoreduceinsectsanddisease.[解析]细节理解题。根据表格右栏中的“Applynaturalfertilizerstofeedsoilan
dplants.”可知B项正确。A项中的chemicals,C项中的hormones以及D项中的pests均不符合有机农业的要求。[答案]B8.Fromthepassageweknowtheorganiccertificationprogram______
__.A.isnotmeantforproduceofallproducersB.makesitamusttoattachaUSDAOrganiclabelC.setsrestrictionsonthesalesoforganicproduceD.requiresallfoods
tosatisfythestrictgovernmentstandards[解析]细节理解题。根据最后一段可知,并非所有农产品的生产商都要给他们的产品进行有机认证。[答案]AⅣ.短文改错Mysoccerc
oachretiredinlastweek.Iwantedtodoanythingspecialforhimathisretirementparty.Mymummakesthebetterbiscuitsintheworld,soIdecidetoaskherforhelp.Mu
mtaughtmesomebasicstepofbaking.Iinsistedondoingmostofthebakingmyself.Ithoughtthebiscuitswerereallywell.Myo
nlymistakewasthatIdroppedsomeonthefloorafterIwaspackingthemup.Ataparty,mycoach,withabiscuitinhismouth,askedsurpri
singlywhomadethemandjoked,“Imighthavetoretireagainnextyearjustgetsomemoreofthesebiscuits.”Myfavoritepictu
reatthepartyisofmycoachandmeenjoythebiscuitswithhappylaughter![答案]Mysoccercoachretiredin\lastweek.Iwantedtodoanythingsomethingspec
ialforhimathisretirementparty.Mymummakesthebetterbestbiscuitsintheworld,soIdecidedecidedtoaskherforhelp.Mumtaughtmesomebasicstepsteps
ofbaking.Iinsistedondoingmostofthebakingmyself.Ithoughtthebiscuitswerereallywellgood.Myonlymistakewast
hatIdroppedsomeonthefloorafterwhen/whileIwaspackingthemup.Atatheparty,mycoach,withabiscuitinhismouth,askeds
urprisinglywhomadethemandjoked,“Imighthavetoretireagainnextyearjust∧togetsomemoreofthesebiscuits.”Myfavoritepictureattheparty
isofmycoachandmeenjoyenjoyingthebiscuitswithhappylaughter!Ⅴ.书面表达百度百科打算创建英文版的百度人物词条,请你结合以下信息,为袁隆平编写词条。姓名:袁隆平爱好:听
音乐,游泳职业:科学家生活态度:生活简朴,淡泊名利出生:1930年,北京毕业院校:西南农学院成就:1.提高水稻产量,消除世界饥饿2.杂交水稻之父注意:1.适当表达个人看法;2.词数100左右。参考词汇:西南农学院SouthwestA
griculturalCollege杂交水稻之父FatherofHybridRice[答案]YuanLongpingisagreatscientistwhoisdevotedtoagriculture.BorninBeijingin1930,Yuangradua
tedfromSouthwestAgriculturalCollege.Aftergraduation,findingwaystogrowmorericehasbeenhislifegoal.Thankstohisresearchinhybridrice,wehavemoretoolstoinc
reasethericeoutputandridtheworldofhunger,forwhichheishonoredas“FatherofHybridRice”.YuanLongpinglivesasimplelifeandhecareslittleaboutmoneyorbeing
famous.Asforhobbies,heenjoyslisteningtomusicaswellasswimming.YuanLongpinghasmadegreatcontributionsnotonlytoC
hina,butalsotothewholeworld.Therefore,inmyeyes,heismorethanascientist;heisapioneerforallpeople.获得更多资源请扫码加入享学资源网微信公众号www.xiangxu
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