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专题06议论文专练二1.（2022·山东淄博·校联考二模）Cominguponaclear-cutinanoldforestisashockingexperience.Teeslargeandsmallarecollapsedoneabo

vetheotherinpile,andthegroundiscoveredwiththetracksofheavymachinery.SuchwasthescenewhenforestactivistZackPorterandIhikedanewlybuiltlogging

(伐木)roadinGreenMountainNationalForest.Clear-cuttingintheAmericanforestshaslongbeenwidespread.Butnow,theForestHabitatCreationProjectr

epresentsnewreasoningwhichishotlydebated-thatclear-cuttingbenefitsnativecreatures.Thethinkingisthatclear-cuttingdonewiselycanmimicnaturaldisturban

ces,forexample,frominsectinvasionsorfromstormsoverturningoldertreesthatproducewhatecologistscallEarlySucc

essionalHabitats-placeswhereyoungtreesandbushesgettheupperhandandanimalsthatdependonsuchhabitatthrive.Theprojectalsostatesthatforests“canonlybes

avedbybeingdestroyed”-bykeepingthemyoung.Timber(木材)interestsareenthusiasticabouttheapproachbecauseitletsthemprofit

fromcuttingtreeswhileclaimingthesignificanceofconservation.Huntinggroupsfavoritbecauseayounger,lessthickforestmakesiteasiertofindthegameandbirdsthey'

retracking.Nevertheless,Portersays,“AllowingsomeoftheoldeststandingtreesinNewEnglandtoberemovedisequaltodereli

ctionofdutyonthepartofthegovernment,whoseestheforestsascommodities(商品).”“Forestscanproducecleanwater,cleanair,carbonstorage,andbiodivers

itythatweneed,”hecontinuesaswewalkamonglovelymixedhardwoodsandevergreensthatarecutdownforlogging.“Weshouldn'tberemovingthemforshort-termgain.”In

thissense,ZackPorter'sdescriptionofloggingforwildlifeforshort-termgain-theshort-termgainoffavoringhabitatforspeciespeople

todaywanttoseeandhunt-isreasonable.1．Howdoestheauthorstartthetext?A．Bypresentingsomeideas.B．Bylistingsomeevi

dence.C．Bycomparingdifferentviews.D．Bystatinghisownexperience.2．WhichargumentdoestheForestHabitatCreationProjecthold?A．Profitscanbemadefromloggi

ng.B．Clear-cuttingisbeneficialtothewildlife.C．Theconservationofforestisofsignificance.D．Clear-cuttingcancausenaturaldisturbances.3．W

hatdoestheunderlinedword“dereliction”meaninparagraph4?A．Fulfillment.B．Promise.C．Misconduct.D．Exposure.4．Whichofthe

followingisasuitabletitleforthetext?A．ANewApproachtoForestProtectionB．AHikingExperienceintheLoggingRoadC．HowtoBuildEarly

SuccessionalHabitats?D．IsClear-cuttingForestsGoodforWildlife?2.（2022·福建泉州·统考一模）Peopletodayarenotunfamiliarwithtermsuchas"goingeco-friendly"and"su

stainablelifestyle".However,thereexistsagroupofsceptics（怀疑论者）whobelievethatgoingeco-friendlyismerelyafad（一时的风尚）.Idisagree

withthisviewpoint,Goingeco-friendlyisnotmerelyafadanditdoes,infact,changethebeliefsandattitudesofpeople.Thelong-termpre

senceofenvironmentalorganisationsshowstheeffortsthatpeoplehavemadetowardsgoingeco-friendly.Organisationssucha

sWorldWildlifeFundadvocatepeopletogoeco-friendly.Thehighinvolvementoftheorganisationsandtheparticipantsisthusastrongindicatorthatgoi

ngeco-friendlyisnotmerelyafadbutatrendthatcanlastdecades.Anotherstrongindicatoristheemergenceofsustainableproductsinmanyindustries,suchasorga

nicproduceandelectricvehicles.Theconsumerdemand,coupledwitheco-conscious（环保意识的）businesses,isbehindthesharpincreaseinsuchproducts.Thisshowsashi

ftinthebeliefsandattitudesofpeopletowardsadoptingasustainablelifestyle.Thus,itseemsquitecertainthatgoingeco-friendlyisnotmerelyafad.Whilesomepeop

lewhobroadcasttheireco-friendlypracticesarecriticisedforjusthopingtoprojectaneco-consciousimage,thereareanumberofcelebritieswh

ohavebeenpractisingthezero-wastelifestyleforyears.Forthosewhodosoforyears,andnotmeredaysormonths,itisindeedacom

mitmentthatcanonlycomewithatruechangeinbeliefsandattitudestowardscaringfortheearth.Thecalltosavetheearthl

ookssettostay.Withthedevelopmentoftechnologyandtheappearanceofmanyplatformsadvocatinggoinggreen,peopl

earemorewillingtochangetheirbeliefsandattitudeswhentheycanlearnaboutandappreciatethepositiveimpactoftheworkofdiffere

ntenvironmentalorganisationsandindividuals.Itishopedthattheseeffectswillgoalongwayinensuringthatourplanetwillremainasuitableplacetolive

in.5．WhydoestheauthormentionWorldWildlifeFund?A．Toappreciateitsenvironmentalefforts.B．Toencouragepeopletogoeco-friendly.C．

Toevidencetheuniversalrecognitionofgoinggreen.D．Tohighlightthedifficultyinchangingpeople'sattitudes.6．Whatdoes

theunderlinedword"emergence"meaninparagraph3?A．Suddendisappearance.B．Sharpincrease.C．Gradualdevelopment.D．Limitedapplic

ation.7．Whatdoestheauthorexpectoftechnologydevelopment?A．Itmaydiscouragepeoplefromsustainablelifestyle.B．Itmayboostthebusi

nessoforganicproduce.C．Itwillbeusedtoprojectaneco-consciousimage.D．Itwillpromoteenvironmentalawareness.8．Wha

tistheauthor'spurposeinwritingthistext?A．Toprovegoingeco-friendlyalastingtrend.B．Topopularizetheeco-friendlyproducts.C．Toofferstrategiesto

goeco-friendly.D．Toadvertiseforeco-friendlyplatforms.3.（2022秋·天津·高三天津市扶轮中学校考期末）IfIcouldgivetoday’syoungpeoplethreewishes,theywoul

dbe:Morehugs.Moretimeoutsideinnature.Morebeliefintheirownpowertochangetheworld.Whilemostpeopleunderstandtheimporta

nceofthefirsttwowishes,thethirdoneleavessomefolkswonderingwhyyoungpeople’sbeliefintheirownpowerissoessential.Let’sstartwiththeideathat

allofus-especiallyyoungpeople-needheroes.Weneedthemtobeourguidesonthedifficulttrail(足迹)wecalllifeandtoshowusjusthowfarwecango.Andwen

eedheroestodaymorethanever.Ourmodernsocietyisterriblyconfusedaboutthedifferencebetweenacelebrity(名人)andahero.Andthedifferenceisvital.Aceleb

rityisallaboutfame(名望)-temporary,superficialfame,usuallyforqualitiesthatareeasytosee:aprettyface,agreatdancemove.Ahero,bycont

rast,isaboutcharacter-qualitiesunderthesurfacethataren’tvisibleuntiltheytakeaction.Heroesareallaroundus.Theytrulyholdourworldtogeth

er,throughtheirunselfishdevotiontohelpingothers,teachingchildren,andprotectingtheenvironment.Theydon’twantfame,orglory;theyjustwa

nttohelp.Insomanyways,theseunsungheroespilottheboatinwhichallofussail.Yet,youngpeoplehearalotmoreaboutcele

britiesthanaboutheroesinthemedia.Thehiddenmessagetheygetfromallthisisthattheirself-worthcomesfromwhattheybuy-whichshoes,whic

hcellphone-notwhotheyaredowninside.Whatgetslostinthis?Youngpeople’ssenseoftheirownpotentialforheroicqualities-theirownpowertomakeapositivediff

erenceintheworld.Truthis,thereisapotentialhero,afuturedifferencemaker,ineveryyoungperson.Eachofthem,fromwhateverbackground,isap

ositiveforcewhocandosomething.Allittakesforthattobetrueisbelief.Howdowehelpyoungpeoplebelieveintheirownpower?Thebes

twayissimplytoshareexamples,ofotheryoungpeoplewhohavemadeadifference.Ryan,age11,hasworkedtirelesslytoraisem

oneytoprovidecleandrinkingwatertoAfricanvillages.Whenhefirstheardabouttheplight(困苦)ofAfricanchildrenwhodiedfromimpurewater,Ryanwasonlysixyear

sold.Inthenextfiveyears,heraisedover$500,000-enoughtobuildover70waterwells.Barbara,age17,grewuponafarminTexas.Whensherealizedthatlocalfarmerswere

pouringtheirusedmotoroilintorivers,causingpollution,sheorganizedthecreationofarecyclingcenterforcrude(未加提炼的)oil.H

erprojecthasgrowntoinclude18recyclingcentersinTexas.Thelistcouldcontinue.Thesearebutafewexamplesofyoungpeoplewhohavediscov

eredthattheycanbuildontheirownenergytodosomethinggreat.9．Whatistheauthor’spurposeinwritingParagraph2?A．Togiveexampleso

fcelebritiesandheroesaroundus.B．Todiscussthedifferencesbetweencelebritiesandheroes.C．Toprovidedefinit

ionsofthewords“celebrity”and“hero”.D．Toexplainthedetailsaboutbeingcelebritiesandheroes.10．Whatisthemeaningoftheword“superficial”inParagraph2?A

．Notknown.B．Unexpected.C．Undeveloped.D．Withoutdepth.11．WhatcouldbeinferredfromParagraph3?A．Heroesmaketheworldgoround.B．Heroesmustbelievei

nthemselves.C．Heroesfocusonsocialwelfareprograms.D．Heroespromotecooperationbetweenpeople.12．Howdoestheauthoradvancehisviewtha

tyoungpeoplehavethepotentialtobeahero?A．Bydefiningthequalitiesthatmakeayoungpersonahero.B．Bycontrastingtheachievementsmadebydifferentyoungpeo

ple.C．Bygivingexamplesofyoungpeoplewhoshowthequalitiesofahero.D．Byprovidingexamplesofqualitiesthathavemadeyoungpeoplefamous.13．Whatisthemaini

deaofthepassage?A．Moreheroesareneededintheworld.B．Celebritiesarereportedtoomuchinthemedia.C．Adultsshouldbecomerole

modelsforyoungpeople.D．Youngpeopleshouldbelieveintheirabilitytomakeadifference.4.（2022·全国·模拟预测）Rememberthetimewhensu

mmerholidaysfeltreallylong?Buttheolderyougot,thefasterthedaysdisappeareduntilmonthsandyearswentbywithoutyourealizing

it.Sowhydoesthishappen?Severalexplanationshavebeenputforwardtoexplainthisphenomenon.Thesimplestoftheseisthatittak

eslongertoencodenewexperiencesthanfamiliarexperiences,andwhenyou’reyoung,allexperiencesarerelativelynew,sotimeseemstogoslower.Forexa

mple,ifyouareafive-year-oldkid,thenthepasttwoyearsofyourliferepresent40%ofallthelifeyou’velivedandcanrecall.Butw

henyouarea50-year-oldadult,thenthepasttwoyearsrepresentonly4%ofallyourrecallablelife.So,forakid,twoyear

smightseemtolastforever,butforanadult,thosetwoyearsmightnotevenseemlongatall.AnothertheoryproposedbyProfessorAdrianBejanisthatit

isrelatedtothenumberofmentalimagesthebrainencountersandorganizesandthestateofourbrainsasweage.Whenwegetolder,therateatwhichchangesinme

ntalimagesareperceiveddecreasesbecauseofseveraltransformingphysicalfeatures,includingvisionandbraincomplexity.Daysseemedtolastlo

ngerinyouryouthbecausetheyoungmindreceivesmoreimagesduringonedaythanthesamemindinoldage.Justasahighernumberofframespersecondcangiveyouaslow-mot

ionvideoonacamera,lifeseemstogoslowlywhenyou’reyoung,andjustasalowernumberofframespersecondcangiveyouafast-motionvideo,lifeseemstohu

rrybywhenyou’reolder.Itisn’tjustagethatchangesourperception(感知)oftime.Everysingleoneofushasfeltthesecondsdragbywhenwe’reboredandthin

gsseemtomoveinslowmotionwhenwe’reinlife-threateningsituations.Butifwe’rehavingfun,timefliesbybeforeweknowit.14．Whatisthefunction

ofthefirstsentenceinparagraph1?A．Tointroducethemaintopic.B．Toaskreaders’opinions.C．Tosummarizethewho

lepassage.D．Todescribelongsummerholidays.15．WhatdoesAdrianBejanthinkperceivingtimehastodowith?A．Ouremotion’scha

nges.B．Ourbrain’sprocessingspeed.C．Theimprovementofourlifequality.D．Theenrichmentofourlifeexperiences.16．How

doestheauthorargueforhisopinion?A．Byaskingquestions.B．Bylistingnumbers.C．Bymakingcomparisons.D．Byprovi

dingexamples.17．Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?A．HowWePerceiveTimeWithAgeB．TimeSeemstoSlowDownWithAgeC．WhyTimeGoesFasterasWeG

rowOlderD．OurMoodDeterminesOurPerceptionofTime5.（2022·全国·一模）InJuly,AustralianartistMatthewGriffinhadhisworkPickle(《酸黄瓜》)exhibitedataNewZealandga

llery.TheworkismerelyapickletakenfromaMcDonald’sburger,stuckontothegallery’sceilingwithketchup(番茄酱)onit.Withapricetago

fNZ$10,000(about42,200yuan),itstartedanongoingdebate:Isthisart?Infact,thisisnottheonlystrangeartworkpeoplehavesee

ninrecentyears.In2019,ItalianartistMaurizioCattelan’sworkComedianfeaturedastore-boughtbananawithducttape(强力胶).Farbeforethat,ArtistRog

iervanderZwangused3Danimationinsteadofpaintingmaterialstomakevisualrainbow.Thesetrendsbringusbacktotheclassicdiscussiononhowtounderstand

art.AsBritisharthistorianErnstGombrichfamouslyputit,“Therereallyisnosuchthingasart.Thereareonlyartists.”Artisapersonale

xpression;ultimatelyitsagencyiscreatedbytheartist.Aseacheracultivatesitsuniqueartists,theprivatemessageanartworkconveyscanconnectwitheveryindividuala

crosstime.Greatartistsfromthepasttothepresentallenjoybothfameandcriticism.Thewaytheyappealtocertainaudiencesandencourageawiderangeofdebatesand

interpretationsisexactlythecharmofart.Opponentsmayholdthatdespitetheartist’srighttocreate,itisnotuptotheartisttodetermineifapieceofworkisconsidere

dart.Itistruethatweseeonlytheleftoverofacheeseburger.ThereisnorealtechniqueinGriffin’sPickle.However,thisisalsowhereit

isopentointerpretation:Forsome,thepickleseemsmeaninglessandartificial;forsome,thepicklecanbeacommercialandculturalsymbol.Thereisundoubtedl

yaninnovationof“form”.Itshowstheartist’sexplorationofthevehicleofart.Thesliceofpicklecanbeseenasasymbol.Theketchu

pplaysaninfluenceonthecolors,withthesurroundingwhitewallbeinganothervehicleforexpression.Afterall,artwelcomes

variousresponses,whichexplainswhyviewingartissuchanengagingexperience.Inaword,weshouldalwayskeepanopenmindtowar

danyembodiment(化身)ofart.18．WhatdoweknowabouttheworkPickle?A．It’smadeonthegallery’sceiling.B．Itisassimpleastheb

ananawork.C．People’sopinionsvaryonthework.D．Peoplethinkit’snotworththemoney.19．Whichofthefollowingistruea

ccordingtoparagraph3?A．Artcanconnectwithpeopleeasily.B．Artistsarealwaysadmiredbypeople.C．Theinterpretationofartiscriti

cal.D．Theunderstandingofartissubjective.20．What’stheauthor’sattitudetotheworkPickle?A．ObjectiveB．OpposedC

．FavorableD．Indifferent21．Accordingtothispassage,artcanbebestdescribedas______.A．connectivebutunrealB．charmingbutuntouchableC．abstractb

utengagingD．appealingbutcontroversial6.（2022·吉林·统考模拟预测）Nobusinesswouldwelcomebeingcomparedtogambling(赌博).Yetthatiswhatishappeningtomakersofvi

deogames.Foryearsparentshavecomplainedthattheirchildrenare“addicted”totheirvideogamesandsmartphones.Today,however,evenmoredoct

orsareusingtheterm.OnJanuary1thisyear,“gamingdisorder”—inwhichgamesareplayeduncontrollably,despitecausingharm—gainedrecognitionfro

mtheWorldHealthOrganization(WHO).Aregamesreallyaddictive?Psychologistshavedifferentopinions.Thosewhodo

n’tthinksosaythatthisisjustanothermoralpanic.Similarwarningshavebeengivenabouttelevision,rock’n’roll,jazz,comicbooks,no

velsandevencrosswordpuzzles,butitturnsoutthattheyarenotasharmfulasexpected.However,supportersarguethatgamesdevelopershavethemotivationa

ndthemeanstodesigntheirproductstomakethemextremelyattractive.Foronething,thebusiness-modelhaschanged.Intheolddaysgame

swereboughtonceandforall.Butthesedays,gamesarefreeandmoneyisearnedfrompurchasesofin-gamegoods,whichtiesplaytimedirectlytorevenue(收益).Foranother,g

ames-makerscombinepsychologicaltheoryanddata,whichhelpsthemmaximizetheplaytime.Smartphonesandmodernvideogamemachinesusetheirpermanent

Internetconnectionstosendgameplaydatabacktodevelopers.Inthiswayproductsareconstantlyadjustedtoencourageplayers’spending.Thebiggestspendersa

reknownas“whales”,atermthatoriginatedincasinos(赌场).Thegamingindustryshouldrealizethat,intherealworld,ithasaproblem,andth

atproblemisgrowing.NowthatgamingaddictioncomeswithanofficialWHOrecognition,diagnoseswillbecomemorecommon.Anyway,beingputtogetherwithgamblinginth

epublicmind,whetheritisfairlyornot,willnotdotheindustryanygood.22．WhatdoweknowfromParagraph1?A．Itisnotsuitableto

comparevideogamestogambling.B．Parentscomplainabouttheirchildren’saddictiontogambling.C．Moredoctorsareagainsttheuseoftheterm“addi

cted”.D．Gamingaddictionwasofficiallyrecognizedasadisease.23．Whatdoestheunderlinedwords“moralpanic”inParagraph2mean?A．Wrongjudgmentonhowharmful

somethingis.B．Troublecausedbysomeone’simmoralbehavior.C．Socialprogresscausedbyscienceandtechnology.D．Panicduetothegapbetweentherichandthepoor.24．Wha

tdogamesdevelopersdotomakegamesattractive?A．Theydon’tchargeplayersforin-gamegoods.B．Theyadjustproductsbasedonreceiveddata.C．Th

eykeepplayers’videogamemachinesupdated.D．Theyrewardbigspenderswithauniquetitle.25．Inthelastparagraph,theauthoraimsto______.A．offerasuggestionB．mak

eapredictionC．giveawarningD．putforwardasolution7.（2022·广东·一模）Intheautumnof1853ThomasButlerGunngotlost—tempor

arilyratherthanphysically.OnavisittoMammothCaveinKentucky,andisolatedfromtheoutsideworld,hisdiaryquicklydivorcedthetimeorderofreality.Wednesdaysarere

peatedanddaysgomislabelled.Ittookaroundafortnight,andrenewedcontactwithcivilization,forGunntorestorehisweeklybear

ings.Theepisode(经历),saysDavidHenkin,suggestshowfragileasenseoftimecanbe—especiallywhenitcomestoweeks.Unlikemonthsoryears

,theseseven-daygroupingshavenorealbasisinastronomy.PeoplefromNigeriatoChinahavelivedwellwithoutthem.Andyettheweekhasbecomethemeasureno

tonlyofroutine,butevenofwisdom.“Weeklyrhythmshavebecomesothoroughlyabsorbedintoordinaryhumanexperience,”MrHenkinwrites,“thatforgettingwhatdayitis

constitutesasingularsymptomandfeelingofdisorientation(迷失方向).”Hisnewbookshowshowtheweekcametoruletheworld.Butwhennewspapers,factoryschedulesandw

eeklypaydayswereallrarer,theweeklystructurewaslessimportant.Peoplegotconfused.Aslateas1866,theLouisvilleCouriermentionedamangettingdrunkonF

ridaybecausehethoughtitwasSaturday.Astownsgrewandsocietybecamemorecomplicated,citizens“becamedifferentlyandmo

reintenselyweek-oriented,inwayswecannowrecognizeasmodern”.WhenhislocalcharitymetonWednesdaysin1859,andch

oralconcertswerescheduledforFridays,JamesFiskeofMassachusettscouldn’taffordtomixuphisdays.Japanformallyadoptedtheseven-daysystemonlyin1873;allthe

same,acharacterinanovelbyHarukiMurakamiisassureofsomething“asIamsurethattodayisWednesday”.26．WhatisthefunctionofParagr

aph1?A．Tointroducethetopic.B．Toclarifyaconcept.C．Torecordsomeexperience.D．Tomakeaprediction.27．Whycanasenseofweekbesofragile?A．Becauseitd

oesruletheworld.B．Becauseitistightlyrelatedtoreality.C．Becauseitisnotusedveryoften.D．Becauseitisnotbasedonastronomy.28．Whatd

oesParagraph4mainlytalkabout?A．Theinfluenceofabusingtheweek.B．Thechangeofweeklyrhythms.C．Thedisadvantageofusingtheweekless.D．Theimpo

rtanceofchangingtheweeklystructure.29．Whatistheauthor’sattitudetowardstheuseoftheweek?A．Positive.B．In

tolerant.C．Negative.D．Unclear.8.（2022·浙江杭州·校联考模拟预测）In2007,agroupofresearchersbegantestingaconceptthatseems,atfirstblush,asi

fitwouldneverneedtesting:whethermorehappinessisalwaysbetterthanless.Theresearchersaskedcollegestudentstoratetheirf

eelingsfrom“unhappy”to“veryhappy”andcomparedtheresultswithacademicandsocialoutcomes.Thoughthe“veryhappy”part

icipantshadthebestsociallives,theyperformedworseinschoolthanthosewhoweremerely“happy.”Aswitheverythi

nginlife,happinesshasitstrade-offs.Itmaygiveyoualifethatyoufindyoudon’twant,oneinwhichyoudon’treachyourfullpotential,you’rereluctanttotakerisk

s,andyouchooseshort-livedpleasuresoverchallengingexperiencesthatgivelifemeaning.Thewaytounderstandthestudyabo

veisnottodenythathappinessisgood;rather,itistorememberthatalittlebitofunhappinesshasbenefits.TheauthorEmmyGutarguedin1989thatsomed

epressivesymptomscanbeafunctionalresponsetoproblemsintheenvironment,leadingustopayappropriateattentionandcomeupwit

hsolutions.Inotherwords,whenwearesadaboutsomething,wemaybemorelikelytofixit.Psychologistscallthisthe“anal

yticalruminationhypothesis”.Obviously,thisisnottoarguethatclinicaldepressionisgood—miserycanquicklymakepeopleincapableofsolvingproblems.R

ather,theanalyticalruminationhypothesisisevidencethatgettingridofbadfeelingsdoesnotnecessarilymakeusmoreeffectiveinourtasks.An

diftheseemotionscanhelpusassessthreats,itstandstoreasonthattoomuchgoodfeelingcanleadustodisregardthem.Theliteratureonsubstanceusesuggeststhatthisiss

o:Insomepeople,veryhighdegreesofpositiveemotionhavebeenconnectedtodangerousbehaviorssuchasalcoholanddruguseandbinge

eating.Sothoughsufferingshouldneverbeanyone’sgoal,eachofuscanfightforarichlifeinwhichwenotonlyseekthesunshinebutfullyexperiencether

ainthatunavoidablyfallsaswell.30．Whatcanbeconcludedfromthe2007studyabouthappiness?A．Morehappinessisalwaysbetter.B．Ful

lhappinessisnottotallybeneficial.C．Peopleshouldavoidhappinesstoleadameaningfullife.D．Veryhappysubjectsperformbetterthanmerelyhappyones.31．

Whatdoweknowaboutanalyticalruminationhypothesis?A．Peoplewhoaresadarenotlikelytotakerisks.B．Badfeelingslikedepressionmighthelpsolveproblems.C．Peoplew

ithdepressivesymptomstendtoignorethreats.D．Clinicaldepressioncanleadtoeffectivetaskperformance.32．Whichofthefollowi

ngwouldtheauthorprobablyagree?A．Weshouldavoidgoodfeelings.B．Ariskylifeisgoingtobringdisappointment.C．Happinessitselfwouldloseitsmeaningwithou

tmisfortune.D．Disliketohappinesscanleadustoabandonameaningfullife.9.（2022·浙江·浙江省淳安中学校联考三模）Youmighttryspendingabout15mi

nutesoutontheWebgatheringexperts’predictionsaboutwhatliesinthepoliticalfuture.Youarelikelytofindadiversityofopinionsonevery

issue.So,whoshouldyoubelieve?Accordingtoalong-termstudyconductedbypsychologistPhilipTetlock,thesafestansweristhatyoushouldn’tbelieveanyone.Let’ss

eewhy.Tostudythecollectivewisdomofexperts,Tetlockrecruitedasampleof284individualswhohadstrongqualificationsformakingp

oliticalpredictionswithrespecttocertaincountriesorregionsoftheworld.Heaskedindividualstomakepredictio

nsofthissort:“Howlikelyisitthatafterthenextelection,thepartythatcurrentlyhasthemostrepresentativesinthelegisla

tive(立法的)branchofgovernmentwillkeepthisstatus...willlosethisstatus,orwillstrengthenthisposition?”Thequestionsweremadeconcretefordiffe

rentcountriesandregions.Becausetherewerethreeoptionsforeachquestion,participantsshouldhavebeenrightonethirdoft

hetimejustbychance.Iftheyhadtrueexpertise,theyshouldhavebeenrightmuchmoreoftenthanthat.Buttheyweren’t.Infact,insomecomparisonsexpert

sdidworsethanchance.Ifexpertsperformsopoorlyintheirpredictions,whydoesanyonestilllistentothem?Becauseofexperts’con

fidenceandfame.Besides,themediararelytracksdowntheexpertwhomadetheconfidentpredictionevenifexpertsaren’tgenerally

heldresponsiblefortheirpredictions.Here’sasafeconclusionfromTetlock’sresearch:Withregardtopolitics,noonecanroutinelyp

redictthefuture.Somepeopledoabitbetterthanothers,butyoucan’tusetheirconfidenceorfametoknowwhothosepeopleare.St

ill,it’simportanttonotethatthisresearchisaboutaparticulartypeofexpertandaparticulartypeofprediction.Youshouldn’tdiscountallexperts.Forexa

mple,whenyouconsultmedicaldoctors,theyshouldbeabletomaketheirpredictionsbasedonyearsofeducationandpr

iorexperience.Also,theyareregularlyheldresponsiblefortheaccuracyofthosepredictions!33．What’sthefunctionofthefirstparagraph?A

．Tointroducethetopicofthepassage.B．Tointroduceawayofdoingtheresearch.C．Toattracttheinterestofthereaders.D．Togivethepurpos

eofwritingthepassage.34．Whatmightbethepurposeofgivingparticipantsthreeoptionsforeachprediction?A．Toshowt

heimportanceofthestudy.B．Toindicateexpertsdidworsethanchance.C．Torevealexpertsarerightonethirdofthetime.D．Tocompareparticipants’predictingaccur

acywithchance.35．WhichofthefollowingagreeswithTetlock’sideas?A．Expertsmustberesponsiblefortheirprediction.B．Theopinionsofpolitica

lexpertsmattertothemedia.C．Experts’confidenceandfametellusalotaboutwhotheyare.D．Medicalexpertsaregene

rallyreliableintheirmedicalprediction.36．Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthetext?A．Canmedicalexpertspredictthefuture?B．Canpoliticalexpert

spredictthefuture?C．Howshouldyoujudgepoliticalexperts?D．Howpoliticalexpertspredictthefuture?10.（2022·江西·江西师大附中校考三模）Wh

enIsteppedintotheSamcheongParkLibraryinSeoul,Isawthefuture.Thesimplebuildinghadaniceselectionofbooksandacafewherereaderscou

ldenjoycoffeewhilegazingattheleavesoutside.Itwasspecificallydesignedwithoutanylatesttechnology.“What’ssoinnovative(创新的)aboutthat?”alibrarianin

TorontoaskedwhenIshowedherpictures.Innovationtohermeantdigitaltechnology,like3Dprinters.“Whycouldn’ttheybothbeinnovative?”Iasked.Weare

constantlytoldthatinnovationisthemostimportantforceinoureconomy,withoutwhichwewouldbeleftbehind.Butthatfearofmissingouthasledustofallin

tothefalsetrappingsofinnovationovertrulyinnovativeideasthatmaybesimplerandmoreeffective.Thismindsetimpliesthatifyoujustbuythenewthing,youhavein

novated!Eachyear,businessesandindividualsrunaroundlikebrokentoyrobots,tryingtofigureouttheirstrategyforth

elatestbuzzwordequipment.Atbest,thisisawasteofresource.Devicesarebought,usedandabandoned,asthetechnology’scapabilities

fallshortofitspromise.Butatitsworst,thisapproachcantrulycausedamage.Schoolscutfieldtripstopurchasetable

tswithfewprovenbenefits.CompaniesthatappliedAIintohiringhaveactuallystrengthenedgenderandracialprejudices.Tr

ueinnovationisn’tjustsomemagicdevices.Itisacontinuingprocessofreflectionandreassessment,whichoftenmeansadopting“old”

ideasandtoolsinanewcontext,orevenreturningtomethodsthatworkedinthepast.Adjustedproperly,theserearview(后视

的)innovationshaveprovedastransformativeasnoveltechnologies.LooknofartherthanthestreetsofNewYork,whichhavebeenredesignedrecentlytoaccommoda

tecyclistswithcar-freezones.Theideaisn’tnew.Itwascreatedhalfacenturyago,withtheaimofbringingcitiesbacktotheirresidents.Andwhilee-re

adersaleshavebeenexploding,Penguinjustannounceditwouldpublishtinyprintedbooks,anidealsolutionforamarketdemandingbothconvenienceandphysicality.

37．Whyisalibrarianmentioned?A．Tosetanexample.B．Tociteanauthority.C．Tomakeaprediction.D．Topresentanargument.38．Whatdoestheu

nderlined“buzzword”meaninPara.3?A．Fashionable.B．Affordable.C．Practical.D．Imaginative.39．Whatdoesthewriteragreewithabout

innovation?A．Innovationoftenleadstowastedresourcesandevendamage.B．Innovationissupportedbynewtechnolog

yandmagicdevices.C．Innovationreflectstheprogressoftechnologyandeconomy.D．Innovationismoreaboutthewayo

fthinkingthanequipmentweuse.40．Whatisprobablythebesttitleofthetext?A．Thekeytosuccessofbusiness—innovationB．FutureLiesinreturningtothepastC．

SomebestideasareintherearviewmirrorD．Innovation:animportantforceineconomy