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专题03说明文专练一1.（2023·四川内江·统考一模）AcompanycalledOpenAIhasrecentlyannouncedanewversionofitsartificialintelligence(AI)artist,DALL-E2.Givenjustas

hortsentencedescribingapicture,thetoolcancreatecomplicatedimages(图像)inmanydifferentstyles.OpenAIhasalreadychangedtheworl

doncewithitsAIwritingtool,GPT-3.GPT-3wastrainedonhugeamountsofwritinginmanydifferentstyles.Whenitwasreleasedin2020,itshockedpe

oplebyquicklycreatingcomplete,well-writtenarticlesindifferentstyles.ItissopowerfulthatOpenAIhastriedt

obeprudentwhenitcomestohowitallowspeopletousethetool,tomakesuirethatitisn’tusedforharmfulpurposes.DALL-Eactuallygrewoutofane

fforttoapplyGPT-3toimages.OpenAIreleasedthefirstversionofDALL-Elastyear.DALL-E2isevenmorepowerful.DALL-

E2hasbeentrainedonmassivenumbersofpictureswithmatchingdescriptions,whichmeansit“knows”alotabouthowdifferentthingslook.DALL-Estartsitsimag

eswithapatternofrandomdots.ItthenchangesthepatternofthosedotsuntildifferentpartsoftheimagebegintomatchthedescriptiontheDALL-Eisgiven.DoesDALL-E2ha

vesomethingnew?TheusercanselectanareaofanimageandaskDALL-E2toputsomethingintothepicture,ortakeitout.Someartistsareconcernedthattheirjobopp

ortunitiesmightbelimitedifacomputersystemcanmakesuchhighqualitypicturesondemandsoeasy.OpenAIsaysthetoo

lwillallowartiststobecreativeinnewways.Tomakesurethetoolisn’tmisused,OpenAIalreadyhasstrictrulesaboutthesortsof

imagesthatcanbecreatedwithDALL-E.OneofthoserulespreventsDALL-Efromcreatingrealisticpicturesofactualpeople.Fornow,thecompanyisn’tr

eleasingDALL-E2.Instead,itisallowingasmallnumberofpeopletoworkwiththetooltolearnmoreaboutwhatworkswell,andtodiscoverpossibleproblems.1

．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“prudent”inparagraph2mean?A．Confident.B．Proud.C．Patient.D．Careful.2．Whichi

soneofthetalentsDALL-E2has?A．Describingpicturesondemand.B．Processingtheexistingpictures.C．Teachingartistshowtopaint.D．Gradin

gpaintingsbyhumans.3．WhatcanbeinferredaboutDALL-E2fromthelastparagraph?A．Itwillreachconsumerssoon.B．Itisnotusedbyactualpeople.C．Itisbeingimproveda

tpresent.D．ItisadvertisedwidelybyOpenAI.4．Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A．HowDALL-E2MakesUseofGP

T-3B．WhyOpenAIDevelopsItsDALL-E2C．DALL-E2HelpsOfferArtistsNewJobsD．FromWords,DALL-E2CreatesPictures2.（2

022·甘肃兰州·统考一模）Areyouplanningtoeatouttonightorareyougoingtostayintosavethepennies(省钱)?Amealoutatagoodrestaurantorevenapizzeriacancostyouasma

llfortune,socookingforyourselfmakesfinancialsense.Butwiththeriseinfoodprices,it’simportanttobeawisesh

oppertokeepyourfoodbillincheck.Thesedaysoursupermarketshelvesarepackedwithtemptingfooditems,fromthedailystaples,li

kebreadandmilk,totheexotic,likemangoesandkiwifruits(猕猴桃).There’salsotheoptionofbuyingreadymeals-convenientfoodthatc

omesataprice.However,ifyou’refeelinghardup(拮据),therearethingsyoucandotomakethemoneyyouspendonfoodgofurther.AccordingtotheBBCFoodwebsite,

it’sallaboutchangingyourhabits.Itclaimsthatcookingfulfillingandtastymealsonabudgetiseasy.Itsuggestsanumber

of“tricks”suchasusingcheapercutsofmeat,“choosesmallamountsofmeatwithlessexpensiveproteins”and“transformsmallquantitiesofleftoversintoaheavyme

al”.Afavoriteentertainmentofminetohelpwhenmoneyistightistostockuponitemsthatareonspecialoffer-suchasBOGOFdeals(Buyone,g

etonefree).However,thisismoreofaproblemwhenitcomestoperishable(易腐烂的)itemslikefreshfruitandvegetables.IntheUK,about39%

ofhouseholdfoodwasteisfruitandveg.Soit’sagoodideanottostockupontoomuchofthesethings.Storethemcarefullyandma

kethemostoftheminallyourrecipes.Foodwasteisabigproblemgenerally,soshoppingcarefullycanalsoreducetheamountwethrowaw

ay.AndinEdinburghinScotland,it’spossibletoreducewasteandnotbreakthebankbyvisitingarecycledfoodshop,whichhas

beensetuptopreventextrafoodfromshopsendingupinthebins(垃圾桶).Ofcourse,thebiggestthingyoucandotohelpyourcashfl

owistocutbackontake-awaycoffeesandlunches.Cookingyourownmealsisusuallyhealthierforyouandyourfinances.5．Accordingtotheauthor,whichofthefol

lowingwayscosttheleastmoney?A．Tohavemealsatagoodrestaurant.B．Tocookmealsforyourselfathome.C．Tobuyexoticfruitandvegetables.D．

Tobuyreadymealsorconvenientfood.6．Whatdoestheauthorusuallydotosavetheexpensesonfood?A．Hechoosessmallamountsofmeatwithexpensivep

roteins.B．Hetransformslargequantitiesofleftoversintoaheavymeal.C．Hestocksuponitemsofspecialoffer-suchasBOGOFdeals.D．Hemakesallthe

perishablefruitandvegetablesinallhisrecipes..7．HowdosomepeoplereducefoodwasteintheUK?A．Theyoftenvisitsrecycledfoodsho

ps.B．Theystoremostoftheirfoodcarefully.C．Theybuytake﹣awaycoffeesandlunches.D．Theyonlythrowawaytheperishablefood.8．Whichonecanbethebesttit

leofthispassage?A．WaystoCookTastyMealsatHomeB．WaystoCutDailyExpensesonMealsC．WaystoBuyFoodintheSupermarketD．WaystoStoreF

reshFruitandVegetables.3.（2022·陕西渭南·统考一模）Foreveryonewhohatessettingtheiralarmanhourearliertohitthegy

m,scientistsmayhavesomegoodnews.Afternoonworkoutsleadtobetteroutcomesforsomepeople,accordingtoastudypublishedthisyear.T

hestudy,whichlookedatmenwhoareatriskfororhaveType2diabetes(糖尿病)foundthatparticipantswhoexercisedintheafternoone

xperiencedmoremetabolic(新陈代谢的)benefitsaswellasmorepositiveeffectsontheirexerciseperformanceandfatmasscomparedtoparticipants

whoexercisedinthemorning.“Ourbodyhasabiologicalclockandthisregulatesmanyprocessesinthebodyandtheseprocessesha

vearhythm,”saidPatrickSchrauwen,aprofessorofmetabolicaspectsofType2diabetesatMaastrichtUniversityintheNetherlands.“Someofthesearewellkn

own,likeyourbodytemperatureandyourbloodpressure.”Schrauwensaid.“Ourbiologicalclocksalsoinfluenceourmetabolismandwhe

therourbodiesburnfatorcarbohydratesatcertaintimes,”headded.AndforstudyparticipantswhowerefatoratriskforTyp

e2diabetes,thosefat-burningprocessesweremoreefficientintheafternoonhours.Higherbodytemperaturesinthea

fternoonmayalsohelpimprovecorporalperformance,almostlikeabuilt-indailywarm-up.“Whenyoustarttorealizehowstrongthisbiol

ogicalclockcanbeandthenifyoudothethingslikefoodintakeonthewrongtimeoftheday,orbeingactiveonthewrongtimeofthedayorbeinginactiv

eattimeswhenyoushouldbeactive,thiscanhaveamajorinfluence.”Schrauwenadded.“Thegoodnewsisthatyoucanalsouseitforyourbenefit.”Itcanbeespeciallyhelpful

forcompetitiveathletesorpeopletrainingforaracetoexerciseintheafternoonofaday.Forexample,Schrauwensaidheworkedwithafootballteamtha

twasabletoimprovetheirperformancebymovingpracticetotheafternoon.9．Whatisthegoodnewsmentionedinthetext?A．Peopl

edonotneedtosettheiralarmearlieranymore.B．Exerciseintheafternoonisgoodforallhumanbeings.C．ThemenwithType2diabetescanbetreatedbyexer

cisingintheafternoon.D．Somepeoplegetmorebenefitswhentheyexerciseintheafternoon.10．Whatisthescientific

basisofPatrickSchrauwen’sstudy?A．Ourbodieshavearegularsystem.B．Ourbodiescanadjusttoanewhabit.C．Thepatientswithdiabetesburn

fatfaster.D．Peoplecandowarm-upinsidetheirbodies.11．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“corporal”meaninparagraph

4?A．Memorial.B．Physical.C．Natural.D．Mental.12．HowdidSchrauwenprovehisresearch?A．Byworkingwithotherscientist

s.B．Bycomparingtheresultsfromdifferentpeople.C．Bytryingitwithspecificgroups.D．Byhelpingparticipantsatriskfordia

betes.4.（2022秋·安徽·高三校联考阶段练习）Clotheswereonceuseduntiltheyfellapart.Nottoday.Inhigh-incomecountriesinparticular,clothingandfootwea

rareincreasinglyfrequentlybought,thrownawayandreplacedwithnewfashions,whicharethemselvessoonthrownaway

andreplaced.Theso-called‘Fastfashion’ishavingasurprisingenvironmentalimpact.Thefirstoneiswater.Thefashionindustryconsu

mesanywherefrom20trillion(万亿)to200trillionlitreseveryyear.Thentherearemicro-plastics.Plasticfibresarereleasedwhenwewashpolyeste

r(聚酯纤维)textiles,whichmakeupbetween20%and35%ofthemicro-plasticschokingtheoceans.Addedtothisarespecificchemicals,suchasthoseusedtom

akefabricsstainresistantandthepesticidesrequiredtoprotectcropssuchascotton.Changeisbadlyneeded,butwillrequirethefashionindustrytoworkharder

toembracemoreofwhatisknownasthecirculareconomy.Thatwillinvolveatleasttwothings:refocusingonmakingthingsthatlast,andsoencouragingreuse;andmor

erapidlyexpandingthetechnologiesforsustainablemanufacturingprocesses,especiallyrecycling.There’sabigroleforresearch-

bothacademicandindustrial-inachievingtheseandotherambitions.Researcherscouldbeginbyhelpingtoprovidemoreaccurateestimatesofwater

use.Thereisalsoworktobedoneonimprovingandexpandingtextilesrecycling.Undoubtedly,usedtextilesgotolandfillinpartbecausetherearerelativelyfe

wsystemsthatcollect,recycleandreusematerials.Suchrecyclingrequiresthemanualseparationoffibres,aswellasbuttonsandzips.Differentfibresarenotea

sytoidentifybyeye,andoverallsuchmanualprocessesaretime-consuming.Machinerythatcanhelpisbeingdeveloped.Technologiesalsoexisttorecycleused

fibreschemicallyandtocreatehigh-qualityfibresthatcanbereusedinclothing.Butthesearenowherenearthescaleneeded.Anotherc

hallengeforresearchersistoworkouthowtogetconsumersandmanufacturerstochangetheirbehaviour.Otherresearchquestionsincludefindingwaystoencour

agepeopletopurchaselonglastinggoods;exploringhowtosatisfydesiresforsomethingnewwhilereducingenvironmentalimpact;andunderstandingwhy

certainmeasurescanbesuccessfullyscaledupwhereasothersfail.13．Whydoestheauthormention“water”,“micro-plastics”and“chemicals”

inParagraph2?A．Toprovideanidea.B．Toproveapoint.C．Togiveadefinition.D．Topresentnewconcepts.14．Whichofthefollowinggoesagainsttheconce

ptof“circulareconomy”?A．Effortsaremadetolengthenthelifespanoftextiles.B．Worn-outclothesareusedasdishclothsa

ndoilrags.C．High-qualityfibresarecreatedtobereusedinclothing.D．Fashionindustryisencouragedtoreleasenewlinesmoreoften.15．Whatistherightthin

gforthefashionindustryresearcherstodo?A．Tomakesurethatalloftheusedtextilesgotolandfill.B．Toseparatefibres,aswellasbuttonsandzipsmanually.C．Toimpr

oveandexpandtextilerecyclingtoalargerextent.D．Toencourageconsumerstosatisfytheirdesiresforfashion.16．Whichofthefollowingcanbeasuitabletitl

eforthetext?A．SayYestotheSo-calledFastFashionB．CutFastFashion’sEnvironmentalImpactC．AddresstheAcademicCha

llengesforResearchersD．ImprovetheEfficiencyoftheSeparationofFibres5.（2023秋·广东深圳·高三深圳市福田区福田中学校考阶段练习）Overthelastf

ewyears,socialmobility(流动性)betweenthegenerationshasbecomeanimportanttopic.Manypossiblefactorsthatpreventchildrenfrommovingfurtherupthesoc

ialladderthantheirparentshavealreadybeeninvestigated,suchasfinancialresources,theeducationalsystemandgenetics.Recently,Dr.RetoOdermatt(University

ofBasel)andProf.Dr.WarnLekfuangfu(UniversidadCarlosIIIdeMadrid)conductedastudytoinvestigatetheconnectionbetweenca

reeraspirations(抱负)insocialmobilityandlaterlifesatisfaction.Thebasisforthestudyisadataset(数据集)thatfollowstheliv

esofover17,000peopleintheUKwhowereallborninthesameweekin1958,andcontinuestocollectdatatothisday.Amongotherthings,thedatase

tgatherstogetherinformationoneachindividual’schildhoodenvironment,thebackgroundsoftheirparents,thepartic

ipants’abilities,theiraspirationsintheiryouth,theirjobsandtheirhappinessasanadult.Theauthorsusedthisdatabasetoinvestigatehowthe

aspirationsofchildrenandyoungpeopleaffecttheirlaterlife.Andtheyeventuallyfoundthattheeducationalandcareeraspirationsheldbyparticipantsaste

enagerswereamongthemostimportantforecastersoverallfortheirlatersuccessineducationandcareers.Thisindicatesthatambitiouscare

ergoalsmotivatepeopletoinvestmoreintheirfuturecareersuccess.Theoppositeisalsothecase:unambitiouscareeraspirationscanbeanimportantexplanatio

nforlimitedsocialmobility.Thestudyshowedthatyoungpeoplewhoseparentswerelesswelleducateddidindeedhavelessambitiouscareergoals.“Thiscannotbee

xplainedsolely(唯一地)bythedifferencesinfamilyincomeorinparticipants’abilities.Itismorethecasethatinequalityseemstobeginearlyon,withtheirparent

s’aspirationsforthem,”reasonsOdermatt.“Wedidn’texpectparents’aspirationsfortheirchildrentohavesuchastronginfluence.”“Thisremind

susthatweshouldn’tleaveitentirelytoparentstoinfluencechildren’scareeraspirations;schoolscanstepinhere,”Odermattpointsout.Teachingstaf

fcouldactivelymaketeenagersawareofcareersthatsuittheirabilities.Thiscouldencouragethemtolookbeyondtheirownhorizons.Afterall,aperson’

sviewoftheworldisoftenstronglydefinedbytheirsurroundings.17．Whatisthepurposeofthefirstparagraph?A．To

presentpreviousresearchfindingsonsocialmobility.B．Tointroducetheconceptofsocialmobilitytoreaders.C．Toindicatethecomplexityofsocialmobilit

yresearch.D．Tostressthepracticalsignificanceofthenewstudy.18．Whatcanwelearnaboutthedatabaseofthestudy?A．Ithassomeunexpectedlimitations.B．I

tfocusesmoreonchildrenthanonadults.C．Itcoversmanyaspectsofindividualsinvolved.D．Itwassetupthroughjointeffortsofmanycountries.1

9．Whichofthefollowingsurprisedtheresearchers?A．“Dreamingbig”canhaveanegativeinfluenceonyoungchildren.B．Children’sfuturecanbe

obviouslyaffectedbyparents’aspirations.C．Educatedparentstendtohaveunambitiousaspirationsforchildren.D．Ambitiouscareergoalscanbehelpfuli

nremovingsocialinequality.20．WhatdoesOdermattexpectteacherstodo?A．Tohelpstudentsbroadentheirhorizons.B．Toencouragestudentstotryvarious

careers.C．Tomakechangestothestudents’surroundings.D．Toimprovestudents’adaptabilitytonewenvironments.6.（2023·湖南永州·统考二模）Onemorningafewyearsago,athom

eintheMänoaValleyonOahu,scientistKimberlyCarlsonlookedoutofthewindowandsawarainbowsobrightandclearthatittookherbreathaway.Tha

twasn’tashocker:Hawaiiispossiblythebestplaceintheworldtoseerainbowstoday,andManoahasparticularlyidealconditionsforclear

bows:frequentrainshowersandsunlight.ButCarlson,nowanenvironmentalscienceprofessornowatNewYorkUniversity,realizedshedid

n’tknowtheanswertoasimplequestion:WouldclimatechangeaffectHawaii’sandthewholeplanet’sbreathtakingrainbows?Shesha

redthequestionwithsomeclimatescientistcolleagues,anditinterestedthemsomuchthattheyenlistedaclassfullofstu

dentstoinvestigate.Rainbowsarenotspecialbecausetheirbasicingredientsarecommonandgovernedbyrelativelystraightforwardphysics.“Thebasicrecipeforseeingan

ypartofthenaturalrainbow,”saysLee,“issunlitrain.”InNovember,theypublishedtheirfindings.“Climatechangeisaffe

ctingrainbows—nowweknowthat’strue,”saysCarlson,theleadauthoronthepaper,whichusedcomputermodelstosimulatefut

urerainbow-readyconditions.Asmajorweatherpatternschangebecauseofclimatechange,manypartsoftheworld-particularly

placesnearertothepoles,likeAlaskaorSiberia,willgetmorerain—potentiallyaddingdozensmorerainbow-richdaysbytheendofthecentury.Thechangesfollowbroade

rpatternsofclimatechange;infact,theshiftshighlightsomeofthebiggestrisksanddangers.TheincreasesintheArctic,forexample

,arelikelytoplayoutbecausewaterthatusedtofallfromtheskyassnowwillmoreoftendropdownasraininahotterfuture.Andtoday’sra

inbow-richAmazonispredictedtosuffermorefrequentlydrought—bothbecausetheforest,whichcurrentlycreatesitsownrain,willlosethatsuperpowerasitshrinks,

andbecauseplanet-wideclimatechangeisshiftingandchangingthemajorweatherpatternsthatcausetropicalrainfall.21．

WhydoestheauthormentionCarlson’sexperienceinparagraph1?A．Toexplainarule.B．Tointroduceatopic.C．Topresentafact.D．Tomakeaprediction.

22．Whatisthemostimportantreasonofseeinganaturalrainbow?A．Frequentsunlight.B．Frequentrainshowers.C．Thesunlitrain.D．Thegeograph

icposition.23．Whatisparagraph3mainlyabout?A．Climatechangecausesmorerainbows.B．Morerainbowsworsentheclimateconditi

on.C．TherewillbelessrainbowsinSiberia.D．ThetemperaturewillbelowerinAlaska.24．Whatcanwelearnfromthelast

paragraph?A．TheremaybemoresnowthanrainintheArctic.B．Rainbowswillbeontheincreasealways.C．Increaseofrainbowsisanaturalphenomenon.D．Amazonmaysuffe

rfromdroughtmorefrequently.7.（2023秋·北京房山·高三统考期末）Ofalltheweirdandwonderfulcreatureslivingunderthesea,perhapsthestrangestarejellyfish—th

oserubbery,cone-shapedcreaturesfoundfloatinginthewater,theirlongtentaclestrailingbehind.Somejellyfishspecieshaveabadreputati

onforscaringawaytourists,cloggingupfishingnets,andevenblockingpowerstationpipes.Butwithmoreandmoreplasticrubbishendingupinthesea,these

daysyou’reaslikelytoswimintoaplasticbagasajellyfish.Nowscientificresearchisdiscoveringthattheserubberyseacreaturesmightprovi

deananswer—astickysolutiontotheproblemofplasticpollution.Inrecentyears,tinypiecesofplasticcalledmicroplastichavebeenasignifican

tproblemfortheworld’sseasandoceans.Theseplasticsarenotvisibletotheeyeandaren’tcaughtbyseawatertreatmentplantsduetotheirsmal

lsize,sotheyenteroursystemandharmourhealth.They’vebeenfoundinmanyplaces—inArcticice,atthebottomoftheseaandeveninsi

deanimals.Slovenianscientist,DrAnaRotter,headsGoJelly,aEuropeanresearchteamofjellyfishecologistslooking

intotheproblem.Microplastics,plasticsingeneral,arebecominganincreasingproblem.DrAnaRottersayswhenshewasachild,peoplewe

remoreenvironmentallyfriendly—notharmfultotheenvironmentorhavingtheleastpossibleimpactonit.Atthattime,therewereveryfe

wsingle-useplastics—plasticitems,likespoonsandforks,designedtobeusedjustonce,thenthrownaway.Thesituationsincethenhaschangeddramaticall

y.Infact,there’sbeensuchanincreaseinmicroplasticsthattodaytheUNlistsplasticpollutionasoneoftheworld’stopenvironmentalthreats.Buthowdojellyfishfitin

tothestory?Well,it’sthe‘jelly’partofjellyfish,andspecificallytheirsticky,jelly-likemucusthatiskey.Jelly

fishproduceathick,stickyliquidcalledmucus.DrAnaRotterhasdiscoveredthatthismucushasstrongabsorptivecapabilities—itcana

bsorb,takeinliquidsandothersubstances.Oneofthesubstancesjellyfishmucusabsorbsaretheparticlesthatmakeupmicroplastics.Dr

Rotter’sresearchisstillintheearlystages,butit’shopedthatjellyfishmucuscouldholdthekeytoafuturefreeofmicroplasticpollutedoceans.Scientistsarehopin

gthatthemucus’sabsorptiveproperties—itsabilitiestoabsorbliquidsandothersubstancesandholdthem,willallowittotrapparticlesofplasticfloatingin

thesea.Bytrappingthese,themucusactslikeamagnet—anobjectthatattractscertainmaterials,likemetal,butinthiscase,mic

roplasticwaste.25．Paragraph3mainlytalksabout________.A．wheremicroplasticscanbefoundB．whymicroplasticscanharmourhealthC．whatproblemstheseasandoceansa

refacingD．howtheresearchwascarriedoutbythescientist26．Whatcanwelearnfromthispassage?A．Jellyfishspeciescauseagreatthreattothesea.B．Jellyfi

shspeciesliketoswimandliveinplasticbags.C．Jellyfishmucuscanattractmetalsandbreakthemdown.D．Jellyfishmucuscanabsorbliquidsand

someothersubstances.27．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“properties”inParagraph6mostprobablymean?A．Qualities.B．Substances.C

．Choices.D．Materials.28．Whatistheauthor’spurposeinwritingthispassage?A．Toshowtheharmthatseaandoceanpollutionbri

ngstohumanbeings.B．Tointroducethelivinghabitsoftheweirdandwonderfulcreaturesinthesea.C．Toprovideanewmeth

odforcollectingdataonenvironmentalthreatsinthesea.D．Toinformapromisingscientificfindingfordealingwithplasticpollutioninthesea.8

.（2023秋·湖南永州·高三永州市第一中学校考阶段练习）Anewstudyaddstoevidencethatpharmaceutical(制药的)drugsarepollutingriversintheUK.Ifantibiotic

s(抗生素)arewidespreadintheenvironment,thatcouldeventuallyleadtothembeinglesseffective.AstudybyscientistsattheUniversityofLeedssuggeststhatpharmaceutica

lpollution—smallamountsofdrugslikepainkillersandantibiotics—iswidespreadinBritishrivers,andhighlightsthecurrentlackofmanagementa

roundit.Dr.PaulKay,leadauthoronthestudy,whichwaspublishedinthejournalEnvironmentalPollution,andhiscolleaguesfoundthatsmallamountsoff

ivepharmaceuticaldrugswerepresentinthemajorityofsamplestakenfromtheriversAireandCalderinWestYorkshireoveran18-monthperiod.Oneofthedru

gsfoundwasanantibiotic.Lettingantibioticsgetintoriverslikethiscouldcontributetothegrowingproblemofanti

bioticresistance,whereantibioticsstopworkingasthemicroorganisms(微生物)theyattackbecomeresistanttothem.“Ifwe’redischar

gingantibioticsintoriversallthetime,andbacteriaarebeingconstantlyexposedtothem,thenobviouslythey’regoingtodevelopresistance,”saidKay.“Inthisparticu

larstudyweonlylookedatfivedrugs,buttherearepotentiallyhundredsifnotthousandsofdrugsinrivers,”hesaid.“Andfromourstudy,theyjustdon’tseemto

becomelessinriversaswewouldexpectthemtodo,basedonourunderstandingfromlabexperiments.”Kayandhiscolleaguestooksamplesasfaras5kmdownstreamfromwastewater

treatmentplants,wherethedrugsarelikelytohaveenteredtheriver,andfoundthatthedrugsdidn’tseemtogetbrokendown.Thes

e“environmentalmicroorganisms”canfindtheirwayintohumansthroughwater,air,animals,andfood.Andtheeffectofsuchdrugsonwildlif

eisnotyetclear.“Idon’tthinkthereareanyenormousdisastershappening,”Kaysaid.“Onthewholeit’slongimpacts.”29．Whatisthefinalresultofpharmaceu

ticalpollution?A．Itworsenstheenvironment.B．Itincreasesproductioncosts.C．Itaffectsthequalityoflife.D．Itreducestheeffectofdrugs.30．Whatcanbeinfer

redaboutantibioticsfromKay’swordsfromParagraph5?A．Theymainlyexistinfivedrugs.B．Theycanliveforatleast18

months.C．Theiramountwillnotdropinrivers.D．Theireffectonbacteriawillrise.31．What’sKay’sattitudetotheenvironmenta

lmicroorganism?A．Optimistic.B．Concerned.C．Doubtful.D．Indifferent.32．Whereisthetextprobablytakenfrom?A．Aliteraturerev

iew.B．Atravelbrochure.C．Asciencemagazine.D．Amedicineguide.9.（2022秋·江西赣州·高三校联考期末）Lastnight,myhusbandan

dIjustcelebratedourweddinganniversary.Recallingthefunwehadonourweddingdayaswellassomeofthefunnyaccidentswas

agreatwaytogetusclosetoeachotherandampuptheromanceofthenight.Still,Icouldimaginemyfriendsrollingtheireyesatthatid

ea.Engaginginnostalgia(怀旧)seemedembarrassingforthemandtheyevenworrieditcouldmakemeregretful.Afterall,whenyouloo

kbackontheearlydaysofyourromance,youmightfeelbittersweetafterrealizinghowmuchhaschanged.Butrecentresearc

hsuggeststhatfeelingnostalgicaboutsignificantpasteventsfromyourrelationshipcanactuallybenefitit—whetheryourecallthosealo

neorwithyourpartner.Inonestudy,someparticipantsinaromanticrelationshipwerepromptedtowriteaboutanostalgicex

periencethey’dhadwiththeirpartnerortolistentoasongthatmadethemfeelnostalgicabouttheirrelationship,whileotherswroteab

outanordinaryexperiencethey’dhadorasongtheyliked.Afterwards,thoseparticipantstoldtheresearchershowcloseandcommittedtheyfelttotheirpartner,howsati

sfiedtheywerewiththeirrelationship,andhowmuchpassionatelovetheyfeltfortheirpartner.Aftercomparingthegroups,theresearchersfoundthatthoseexperiencingn

ostalgiafeltcloser,morecommittedandmorelovingtowardtheirpartner,andweremoresatisfiedwiththeiroverallrelationship.Thiswastrueevenw

henaccountingforotheremotions,likehappiness,whichmightaffectourviewsofothers.“Ourconclusionisthatexperiencingnostalgiatemporarilyen

hancesperceptionsofromanticrelationshipquality,”saysleadresearcherNicholasEvansoftheUniversityofManitobainCanada.Whilepaststudieshave

foundthatfeelingnostalgicbringsmeaningtoone’slifeandhelpspeoplefeelmoresociallyconnected,theuseofnostalgiainro

manticrelationships,specifically,hadnotbeentestedbefore.Evansbelievesthisisanuntappedresourceforcouples.“Now,wehaveprovedthatnost

algiadefinitelycouldbeoneofmanytoolstohelpenhanceromanticrelationships,”hesays.33．Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase“ampup”inthefirstpar

agraphmean?A．Assess.B．Recall.C．Increase.D．Ruin.34．Whatistheauthor’sfriends’opiniononnostalgia?A．Engaginginitisbene

ficial.B．Ithardlyaffectsrelationships.C．Experiencingitisverynatural.D．Itmayleadtounpleasantresults.35．Whatwereall

theparticipantsinthestudyaskedtodo?A．Singwiththeirpartners.B．Commentoneachother.C．Listentonostalgicsongs.D．Reporttheirfeelings.3

6．Whatcanwelearnaboutthestudy?A．Itstillneedstobeimproved.B．Itisofpioneeringsignificance.C．Itsresultconfirm

scouples’belief.D．Itsconclusionhasbeentestedbefore.10.（2022·四川绵阳·四川省绵阳南山中学校考二模）Beautifulcoralreefs(珊瑚礁)inThaiseashav

ebeengraduallyworseningduetoglobalwarmingthatcausescoralbleaching,inadditiontocertainhumanactivitieswithoutprope

rcontrolandenvironmentalconsciousness.Recently,researchersfromThaiuniversityChulalongkomhavecreated3D-printe

dcoralreefsmodeledonthenatureofrealcoralscalledInnovareeftoacceleratetherecoveryofthecoralreefecosystem.Innovareefco

ralsarecoatedwithcalciumandphosphatenutrients(钙磷营养物)thatcoralsneedtothriveandconsistofflatsurfaces.Thereefs’holesserveashabitatsandhidingpl

acesformanyseaanimals.Artificialreefsalsomakeuseofhydrodynamicstechnologytoenhancetheirresistancetotidalforcesandensurethattheystayinpl

ace.Finally,thePH(levelofacidity)oftheselectedtypeofcementusedforthereefsisclosetothatofseawater,andthedesignconceptisthatofLego,

easilyassembled(组装)anddisassembledblocksthatareeasytotransportandfix.“TheInnovareefisnottoolarge.It’slight-weightedandcanbecarried

byanyonethussavingtransportationcosts.Youcansimplyputitatanydesiredlocationintheseaandthendivedownto

putalltheunitstogethertocompletetheInnovareef.Notevenfiveminutesafterward,fishandseveraloceancreaturesstarttocomeintosurveyandmakeittheirnewhab

itat,leadingtobiodiversityaroundtheInnovareef.Moreimportantly,theresearchdataindicatesthatthesettlementandgrowthratesofplanulaont

heInnovareefarebetterthanthoseonotherartificialreefs,”saidAssociateProfessorDr.NantarikaChansueatChulalongkornUniversity.Innovareefisthehopefort

heeffectiverecoveryofnaturalcoralreefs.Nowtheteamisfocusedonaddingmoredetailssothatthenewstructureslookmorelikenaturalreefs.Forth

efuturegenerationsofInnovareef,theteamwilldevelopamorespecificdesignforeachseaspeciesinthearea.37．Whatfunctionisex

pectedoftheInnovareef?A．Toextendthelifeofcorals.B．Tomonitorthegrowthofcorals.C．Tohelprestorenaturalcoralreefs.D．Toprotectcoralreefsf

romhumandestruction.38．WhatdoweknowabouttheInnovareeffromparagraph2?A．Itishighlyresistanttoheat.B．Ithaslowmanufacturin

gcosts.C．Itprovidesrichnutrientsforfish.D．Itisportableandeasytoassemble.39．WhatareDr.NantarikaChansue’swordsmainlyabout?A．Theadvanta

gesoftheInnovareef.B．TheinspirationfortheInnovareef.C．Themethodsofimprovingoceanhabitats.D．Theimportanceofp

rotectingbiodiversity.40．Whatwillresearchersprobablydointhefuture?A．ApplytheInnovareefonalargescale.B．Carryo

utmoretestsontheInnovareef.C．MakeaspecificdesignoftheInnovareef.D．Conductfurtherresearchonnaturalcoralreefs