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专题03说明文专练一1.（2023·四川内江·统考一模）AcompanycalledOpenAIhasrecentlyannouncedanewversionofitsartificialintelligence(AI)artist,DALL-

E2.Givenjustashortsentencedescribingapicture,thetoolcancreatecomplicatedimages(图像)inmanydifferentstyles.OpenAIhasalreadychang

edtheworldoncewithitsAIwritingtool,GPT-3.GPT-3wastrainedonhugeamountsofwritinginmanydifferentstyles.Whenitwasreleasedin2020,itshockedpeoplebyqu

icklycreatingcomplete,well-writtenarticlesindifferentstyles.ItissopowerfulthatOpenAIhastriedtobeprudentwhenitcomestohowitallowspeopletou

sethetool,tomakesuirethatitisn’tusedforharmfulpurposes.DALL-EactuallygrewoutofanefforttoapplyGPT-3toimages.OpenAIreleasedthefirstversionofDALL-Elasty

ear.DALL-E2isevenmorepowerful.DALL-E2hasbeentrainedonmassivenumbersofpictureswithmatchingdescriptions,whichmeansit“kno

ws”alotabouthowdifferentthingslook.DALL-Estartsitsimageswithapatternofrandomdots.Itthenchangesthepatternofthosedotsuntildif

ferentpartsoftheimagebegintomatchthedescriptiontheDALL-Eisgiven.DoesDALL-E2havesomethingnew?Theusercanselec

tanareaofanimageandaskDALL-E2toputsomethingintothepicture,ortakeitout.Someartistsareconcernedthattheirjobopportunitiesmig

htbelimitedifacomputersystemcanmakesuchhighqualitypicturesondemandsoeasy.OpenAIsaysthetoolwillallowartiststobecreativeinneww

ays.Tomakesurethetoolisn’tmisused,OpenAIalreadyhasstrictrulesaboutthesortsofimagesthatcanbecreatedwithDALL-E.Oneofthoseru

lespreventsDALL-Efromcreatingrealisticpicturesofactualpeople.Fornow,thecompanyisn’treleasingDALL-E2.Instead,itisa

llowingasmallnumberofpeopletoworkwiththetooltolearnmoreaboutwhatworkswell,andtodiscoverpossibleproblems.1．Whatdoestheunderlinedwo

rd“prudent”inparagraph2mean?A．Confident.B．Proud.C．Patient.D．Careful.2．WhichisoneofthetalentsDALL-E2has?

A．Describingpicturesondemand.B．Processingtheexistingpictures.C．Teachingartistshowtopaint.D．Gradingpaintingsbyhumans.3．Whatcanbeinf

erredaboutDALL-E2fromthelastparagraph?A．Itwillreachconsumerssoon.B．Itisnotusedbyactualpeople.C．Itisbeingimprove

datpresent.D．ItisadvertisedwidelybyOpenAI.4．Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A．HowDALL-E2MakesUseofGPT-3B．WhyOpenAIDevelopsItsDALL-E

2C．DALL-E2HelpsOfferArtistsNewJobsD．FromWords,DALL-E2CreatesPictures2.（2022·甘肃兰州·统考一模）Areyouplanningtoeatouttonightorareyougoingtostayinto

savethepennies(省钱)?Amealoutatagoodrestaurantorevenapizzeriacancostyouasmallfortune,socookingforyourselfmakesfinanci

alsense.Butwiththeriseinfoodprices,it’simportanttobeawiseshoppertokeepyourfoodbillincheck.Thesedaysoursupermarketshelvesarepackedwithtemptin

gfooditems,fromthedailystaples,likebreadandmilk,totheexotic,likemangoesandkiwifruits(猕猴桃).There’salsotheoptionofbuy

ingreadymeals-convenientfoodthatcomesataprice.However,ifyou’refeelinghardup(拮据),therearethingsyoucandotomakethe

moneyyouspendonfoodgofurther.AccordingtotheBBCFoodwebsite,it’sallaboutchangingyourhabits.Itclaimsthatcookingfulfillingandtastymealsonabudg

etiseasy.Itsuggestsanumberof“tricks”suchasusingcheapercutsofmeat,“choosesmallamountsofmeatwithlessex

pensiveproteins”and“transformsmallquantitiesofleftoversintoaheavymeal”.Afavoriteentertainmentofminetohelpwhenmoneyistightistos

tockuponitemsthatareonspecialoffer-suchasBOGOFdeals(Buyone,getonefree).However,thisismoreofaproblemwhenitcome

stoperishable(易腐烂的)itemslikefreshfruitandvegetables.IntheUK,about39%ofhouseholdfoodwasteisfruitandveg.Soit’sagoodideanottostockupontoomuchofthesethi

ngs.Storethemcarefullyandmakethemostoftheminallyourrecipes.Foodwasteisabigproblemgenerally,soshoppin

gcarefullycanalsoreducetheamountwethrowaway.AndinEdinburghinScotland,it’spossibletoreducewasteandnotbre

akthebankbyvisitingarecycledfoodshop,whichhasbeensetuptopreventextrafoodfromshopsendingupinthebins(垃圾桶).Ofcourse,thebiggestthingyoucandotohelpyourcas

hflowistocutbackontake-awaycoffeesandlunches.Cookingyourownmealsisusuallyhealthierforyouandyourfinances.5．Accordingtotheauthor,whichofthefollowin

gwayscosttheleastmoney?A．Tohavemealsatagoodrestaurant.B．Tocookmealsforyourselfathome.C．Tobuyexoticfruitandvegetables.D．Tobuyreadymealsorconvenientf

ood.6．Whatdoestheauthorusuallydotosavetheexpensesonfood?A．Hechoosessmallamountsofmeatwithexpensiveproteins.B．Hetransformslargequantitiesofleftovers

intoaheavymeal.C．Hestocksuponitemsofspecialoffer-suchasBOGOFdeals.D．Hemakesalltheperishablefruitandvegetablesinallhisre

cipes..7．HowdosomepeoplereducefoodwasteintheUK?A．Theyoftenvisitsrecycledfoodshops.B．Theystoremostoftheirfoodcaref

ully.C．Theybuytake﹣awaycoffeesandlunches.D．Theyonlythrowawaytheperishablefood.8．Whichonecanbethebesttitleofthisp

assage?A．WaystoCookTastyMealsatHomeB．WaystoCutDailyExpensesonMealsC．WaystoBuyFoodintheSupermarketD．WaystoStoreFreshFruitandVegetables.

3.（2022·陕西渭南·统考一模）Foreveryonewhohatessettingtheiralarmanhourearliertohitthegym,scientistsmayhavesomegoodnews.Afternoonworkoutsleadtobetterou

tcomesforsomepeople,accordingtoastudypublishedthisyear.Thestudy,whichlookedatmenwhoareatriskfororhav

eType2diabetes(糖尿病)foundthatparticipantswhoexercisedintheafternoonexperiencedmoremetabolic(新陈代谢的)benefitsaswellasmorepositiveeffectsontheirexe

rciseperformanceandfatmasscomparedtoparticipantswhoexercisedinthemorning.“Ourbodyhasabiologicalclockandthisregulatesmanyprocessesin

thebodyandtheseprocesseshavearhythm,”saidPatrickSchrauwen,aprofessorofmetabolicaspectsofType2diabetesatMaastrichtUniversityintheNetherlands.

“Someofthesearewellknown,likeyourbodytemperatureandyourbloodpressure.”Schrauwensaid.“Ourbiologicalclocksalsoinfluenc

eourmetabolismandwhetherourbodiesburnfatorcarbohydratesatcertaintimes,”headded.AndforstudyparticipantswhowerefatoratriskforType2diabetes,thos

efat-burningprocessesweremoreefficientintheafternoonhours.Higherbodytemperaturesintheafternoonmayalsohelpimp

rovecorporalperformance,almostlikeabuilt-indailywarm-up.“Whenyoustarttorealizehowstrongthisbiologicalclockcanbeandthenifyoudot

hethingslikefoodintakeonthewrongtimeoftheday,orbeingactiveonthewrongtimeofthedayorbeinginactiveattimeswhenyoushouldbeact

ive,thiscanhaveamajorinfluence.”Schrauwenadded.“Thegoodnewsisthatyoucanalsouseitforyourbenefit.”Itcan

beespeciallyhelpfulforcompetitiveathletesorpeopletrainingforaracetoexerciseintheafternoonofaday.Forexample,Schrauwensaidheworkedwith

afootballteamthatwasabletoimprovetheirperformancebymovingpracticetotheafternoon.9．Whatisthegoodnewsmentionedinthetext?A．Peopledonotneedtosettheiral

armearlieranymore.B．Exerciseintheafternoonisgoodforallhumanbeings.C．ThemenwithType2diabetescanbetreatedbyexercisingintheaftern

oon.D．Somepeoplegetmorebenefitswhentheyexerciseintheafternoon.10．WhatisthescientificbasisofPatrickSchrauwen’sstudy?A．Ou

rbodieshavearegularsystem.B．Ourbodiescanadjusttoanewhabit.C．Thepatientswithdiabetesburnfatfaster.D．Peoplecandowarm-upinsidetheirbodies.11．Whatdoesth

eunderlinedword“corporal”meaninparagraph4?A．Memorial.B．Physical.C．Natural.D．Mental.12．HowdidSchrauwenp

rovehisresearch?A．Byworkingwithotherscientists.B．Bycomparingtheresultsfromdifferentpeople.C．Bytryingitwithspecific

groups.D．Byhelpingparticipantsatriskfordiabetes.4.（2022秋·安徽·高三校联考阶段练习）Clotheswereonceuseduntiltheyfellapart.Nottoday.Inhigh-income

countriesinparticular,clothingandfootwearareincreasinglyfrequentlybought,thrownawayandreplacedwithnewfashions,whicharethemselvessoonthro

wnawayandreplaced.Theso-called‘Fastfashion’ishavingasurprisingenvironmentalimpact.Thefirstoneiswater

.Thefashionindustryconsumesanywherefrom20trillion(万亿)to200trillionlitreseveryyear.Thentherearemicro-plasti

cs.Plasticfibresarereleasedwhenwewashpolyester(聚酯纤维)textiles,whichmakeupbetween20%and35%ofthemicro-plasticschokingtheoceans.A

ddedtothisarespecificchemicals,suchasthoseusedtomakefabricsstainresistantandthepesticidesrequiredtoprotectcropssuchascotton.Changeisbadly

needed,butwillrequirethefashionindustrytoworkhardertoembracemoreofwhatisknownasthecirculareconomy.Thatwillinvolveatleast

twothings:refocusingonmakingthingsthatlast,andsoencouragingreuse;andmorerapidlyexpandingthetechnologiesforsustainablemanufacturingprocesses,especial

lyrecycling.There’sabigroleforresearch-bothacademicandindustrial-inachievingtheseandotherambitions.R

esearcherscouldbeginbyhelpingtoprovidemoreaccurateestimatesofwateruse.Thereisalsoworktobedoneonimprovin

gandexpandingtextilesrecycling.Undoubtedly,usedtextilesgotolandfillinpartbecausetherearerelativelyfewsystemsthatcollect

,recycleandreusematerials.Suchrecyclingrequiresthemanualseparationoffibres,aswellasbuttonsandzips.Differentfibresarenoteasytoidentifybyeye,an

doverallsuchmanualprocessesaretime-consuming.Machinerythatcanhelpisbeingdeveloped.Technologiesalsoexisttorecycleusedfibreschemi

callyandtocreatehigh-qualityfibresthatcanbereusedinclothing.Butthesearenowherenearthescaleneeded.Anotherchallengeforresearchersistowo

rkouthowtogetconsumersandmanufacturerstochangetheirbehaviour.Otherresearchquestionsincludefindingwaystoencouragepeopletopurchaselonglastingg

oods;exploringhowtosatisfydesiresforsomethingnewwhilereducingenvironmentalimpact;andunderstandingwhy

certainmeasurescanbesuccessfullyscaledupwhereasothersfail.13．Whydoestheauthormention“water”,“micro-plastics

”and“chemicals”inParagraph2?A．Toprovideanidea.B．Toproveapoint.C．Togiveadefinition.D．Topresentnewconcepts.

14．Whichofthefollowinggoesagainsttheconceptof“circulareconomy”?A．Effortsaremadetolengthenthelifespanoftextiles.B．Worn-outclothesareusedasdishclothsan

doilrags.C．High-qualityfibresarecreatedtobereusedinclothing.D．Fashionindustryisencouragedtoreleasenewlinesmoreof

ten.15．Whatistherightthingforthefashionindustryresearcherstodo?A．Tomakesurethatalloftheusedtextilesgotolandfill.B．

Toseparatefibres,aswellasbuttonsandzipsmanually.C．Toimproveandexpandtextilerecyclingtoalargerextent.D．Toencourageconsumerstosa

tisfytheirdesiresforfashion.16．Whichofthefollowingcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A．SayYestotheSo-calledFastFashionB．CutFastFashion’sEnvironmentalImp

actC．AddresstheAcademicChallengesforResearchersD．ImprovetheEfficiencyoftheSeparationofFibres5.（2023秋·广

东深圳·高三深圳市福田区福田中学校考阶段练习）Overthelastfewyears,socialmobility(流动性)betweenthegenerationshasbecomeanimportanttopi

c.Manypossiblefactorsthatpreventchildrenfrommovingfurtherupthesocialladderthantheirparentshavealreadybeeninvestigated,suchasfinancialresources,theedu

cationalsystemandgenetics.Recently,Dr.RetoOdermatt(UniversityofBasel)andProf.Dr.WarnLekfuangfu(UniversidadCarlosIIIdeM

adrid)conductedastudytoinvestigatetheconnectionbetweencareeraspirations(抱负)insocialmobilityandlaterlifesatisfaction.Thebasisfort

hestudyisadataset(数据集)thatfollowsthelivesofover17,000peopleintheUKwhowereallborninthesameweekin1958,andcontin

uestocollectdatatothisday.Amongotherthings,thedatasetgatherstogetherinformationoneachindividual’schildhoodenvironment,thebackground

softheirparents,theparticipants’abilities,theiraspirationsintheiryouth,theirjobsandtheirhappinessasanadult.Theauthorsusedthisdatab

asetoinvestigatehowtheaspirationsofchildrenandyoungpeopleaffecttheirlaterlife.Andtheyeventuallyfoundthattheeducationalandcare

eraspirationsheldbyparticipantsasteenagerswereamongthemostimportantforecastersoverallfortheirlatersuccessineducationandcareers.This

indicatesthatambitiouscareergoalsmotivatepeopletoinvestmoreintheirfuturecareersuccess.Theoppositeisalsothecase:unambitiousca

reeraspirationscanbeanimportantexplanationforlimitedsocialmobility.Thestudyshowedthatyoungpeoplewhoseparentswerelesswelleducateddidindeed

havelessambitiouscareergoals.“Thiscannotbeexplainedsolely(唯一地)bythedifferencesinfamilyincomeorinparticipants’ab

ilities.Itismorethecasethatinequalityseemstobeginearlyon,withtheirparents’aspirationsforthem,”reasonsOdermatt.“Wedidn’texp

ectparents’aspirationsfortheirchildrentohavesuchastronginfluence.”“Thisremindsusthatweshouldn’tleaveitentirelytoparent

stoinfluencechildren’scareeraspirations;schoolscanstepinhere,”Odermattpointsout.Teachingstaffcouldactivelymaketeenagersawareofcareer

sthatsuittheirabilities.Thiscouldencouragethemtolookbeyondtheirownhorizons.Afterall,aperson’sviewoftheworldisoftenstronglyde

finedbytheirsurroundings.17．Whatisthepurposeofthefirstparagraph?A．Topresentpreviousresearchfindingsonsocia

lmobility.B．Tointroducetheconceptofsocialmobilitytoreaders.C．Toindicatethecomplexityofsocialmobilityresearch.D．Tostressthepracticalsignificanceoft

henewstudy.18．Whatcanwelearnaboutthedatabaseofthestudy?A．Ithassomeunexpectedlimitations.B．Itfocusesmoreonchildrenthanonadults.C．Itc

oversmanyaspectsofindividualsinvolved.D．Itwassetupthroughjointeffortsofmanycountries.19．Whichofthefollowingsurprisedtheresearchers?A．“Dreamingbi

g”canhaveanegativeinfluenceonyoungchildren.B．Children’sfuturecanbeobviouslyaffectedbyparents’aspirations.C．Educatedparentstendtohaveunambitio

usaspirationsforchildren.D．Ambitiouscareergoalscanbehelpfulinremovingsocialinequality.20．WhatdoesOdermattexpectteache

rstodo?A．Tohelpstudentsbroadentheirhorizons.B．Toencouragestudentstotryvariouscareers.C．Tomakechangestothestudents’surro

undings.D．Toimprovestudents’adaptabilitytonewenvironments.6.（2023·湖南永州·统考二模）Onemorningafewyearsago,athomeintheMänoaValleyonOa

hu,scientistKimberlyCarlsonlookedoutofthewindowandsawarainbowsobrightandclearthatittookherbreathaway.Thatwasn’tashocker:Hawaiiispossibl

ythebestplaceintheworldtoseerainbowstoday,andManoahasparticularlyidealconditionsforclearbows:frequentrainshowersandsunlight.ButCarlson

,nowanenvironmentalscienceprofessornowatNewYorkUniversity,realizedshedidn’tknowtheanswertoasimplequestion

:WouldclimatechangeaffectHawaii’sandthewholeplanet’sbreathtakingrainbows?Shesharedthequestionwithsomeclimatescientistcolle

agues,anditinterestedthemsomuchthattheyenlistedaclassfullofstudentstoinvestigate.Rainbowsarenotspecialb

ecausetheirbasicingredientsarecommonandgovernedbyrelativelystraightforwardphysics.“Thebasicrecipeforseeinganypartofthenaturalrainbow,”says

Lee,“issunlitrain.”InNovember,theypublishedtheirfindings.“Climatechangeisaffectingrainbows—nowweknowthat’strue,”s

aysCarlson,theleadauthoronthepaper,whichusedcomputermodelstosimulatefuturerainbow-readyconditions.Asmajorweatherpatternschangebecauseofc

limatechange,manypartsoftheworld-particularlyplacesnearertothepoles,likeAlaskaorSiberia,willgetmorerain—potentiallyaddingdozensmorerainbow-richd

aysbytheendofthecentury.Thechangesfollowbroaderpatternsofclimatechange;infact,theshiftshighlightsomeofthebiggestrisksanddanger

s.TheincreasesintheArctic,forexample,arelikelytoplayoutbecausewaterthatusedtofallfromtheskyassnowwillmoreoftendropdownasraininahott

erfuture.Andtoday’srainbow-richAmazonispredictedtosuffermorefrequentlydrought—bothbecausetheforest,whichcurrentlycreatesitsownrain,willlosethatsup

erpowerasitshrinks,andbecauseplanet-wideclimatechangeisshiftingandchangingthemajorweatherpatternsthatcausetropicalrainfall

.21．WhydoestheauthormentionCarlson’sexperienceinparagraph1?A．Toexplainarule.B．Tointroduceatopic.C．Topres

entafact.D．Tomakeaprediction.22．Whatisthemostimportantreasonofseeinganaturalrainbow?A．Frequentsunlight.B．Frequentrainsho

wers.C．Thesunlitrain.D．Thegeographicposition.23．Whatisparagraph3mainlyabout?A．Climatechangecausesmorerainbows.B．Mor

erainbowsworsentheclimatecondition.C．TherewillbelessrainbowsinSiberia.D．ThetemperaturewillbelowerinAlaska.24．Whatcanwelearnfromthelas

tparagraph?A．TheremaybemoresnowthanrainintheArctic.B．Rainbowswillbeontheincreasealways.C．Increaseofrainbowsisanaturalphenomenon.D．Amazonmaysuffer

fromdroughtmorefrequently.7.（2023秋·北京房山·高三统考期末）Ofalltheweirdandwonderfulcreatureslivingunderthesea,perhapsthestrangestarejel

lyfish—thoserubbery,cone-shapedcreaturesfoundfloatinginthewater,theirlongtentaclestrailingbehind.Somejellyfishspecieshaveabadreputationforscaring

awaytourists,cloggingupfishingnets,andevenblockingpowerstationpipes.Butwithmoreandmoreplasticrubbish

endingupinthesea,thesedaysyou’reaslikelytoswimintoaplasticbagasajellyfish.Nowscientificresearchisdiscoveringthattheserubberyseacreaturesmightprovi

deananswer—astickysolutiontotheproblemofplasticpollution.Inrecentyears,tinypiecesofplasticcalledmicroplastichavebeenasignificantprobl

emfortheworld’sseasandoceans.Theseplasticsarenotvisibletotheeyeandaren’tcaughtbyseawatertreatmentplantsduetotheir

smallsize,sotheyenteroursystemandharmourhealth.They’vebeenfoundinmanyplaces—inArcticice,atthebottomoftheseaandeveninsideanimals.Slovenianscienti

st,DrAnaRotter,headsGoJelly,aEuropeanresearchteamofjellyfishecologistslookingintotheproblem.Micropla

stics,plasticsingeneral,arebecominganincreasingproblem.DrAnaRottersayswhenshewasachild,peopleweremoreenvi

ronmentallyfriendly—notharmfultotheenvironmentorhavingtheleastpossibleimpactonit.Atthattime,therewereveryfewsingle-useplastics—plasticite

ms,likespoonsandforks,designedtobeusedjustonce,thenthrownaway.Thesituationsincethenhaschangeddramatically.Infact,there’sbeensuchanincreaseinm

icroplasticsthattodaytheUNlistsplasticpollutionasoneoftheworld’stopenvironmentalthreats.Buthowdojellyfishfitinto

thestory?Well,it’sthe‘jelly’partofjellyfish,andspecificallytheirsticky,jelly-likemucusthatiskey.Jellyfishproduc

eathick,stickyliquidcalledmucus.DrAnaRotterhasdiscoveredthatthismucushasstrongabsorptivecapabilities—itcanabsorb,takeinliquidsandothersu

bstances.Oneofthesubstancesjellyfishmucusabsorbsaretheparticlesthatmakeupmicroplastics.DrRotter’sresearchisstillintheearlystages,butit’s

hopedthatjellyfishmucuscouldholdthekeytoafuturefreeofmicroplasticpollutedoceans.Scientistsarehopingthatt

hemucus’sabsorptiveproperties—itsabilitiestoabsorbliquidsandothersubstancesandholdthem,willallowittotrapparticlesofplasticfloat

inginthesea.Bytrappingthese,themucusactslikeamagnet—anobjectthatattractscertainmaterials,likemetal,butinthiscase,micropl

asticwaste.25．Paragraph3mainlytalksabout________.A．wheremicroplasticscanbefoundB．whymicroplasticscanharmourhealthC．whatproblemstheseasando

ceansarefacingD．howtheresearchwascarriedoutbythescientist26．Whatcanwelearnfromthispassage?A．Jellyfishspeciescauseagreatthreattothesea.B．Jellyfis

hspeciesliketoswimandliveinplasticbags.C．Jellyfishmucuscanattractmetalsandbreakthemdown.D．Jellyfishmucuscanabsorbliquidsandsomeo

thersubstances.27．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“properties”inParagraph6mostprobablymean?A．Qualities.B．Substances.C．Choices.

D．Materials.28．Whatistheauthor’spurposeinwritingthispassage?A．Toshowtheharmthatseaandoceanpollutionbringstohumanbeings.B．To

introducethelivinghabitsoftheweirdandwonderfulcreaturesinthesea.C．Toprovideanewmethodforcollectingdataonenvironment

althreatsinthesea.D．Toinformapromisingscientificfindingfordealingwithplasticpollutioninthesea.8.（2023秋·湖南永州·高三永州市第一中学校考阶段练习）Anewstudyaddstoevidencet

hatpharmaceutical(制药的)drugsarepollutingriversintheUK.Ifantibiotics(抗生素)arewidespreadintheenvironment,thatc

ouldeventuallyleadtothembeinglesseffective.AstudybyscientistsattheUniversityofLeedssuggeststhatpharmaceuticalpollution—sma

llamountsofdrugslikepainkillersandantibiotics—iswidespreadinBritishrivers,andhighlightsthecurrentlackofmanagementaroundit.Dr.PaulKay,leadauthoronth

estudy,whichwaspublishedinthejournalEnvironmentalPollution,andhiscolleaguesfoundthatsmallamountsoffiveph

armaceuticaldrugswerepresentinthemajorityofsamplestakenfromtheriversAireandCalderinWestYorkshireoveran18-m

onthperiod.Oneofthedrugsfoundwasanantibiotic.Lettingantibioticsgetintoriverslikethiscouldcontributetoth

egrowingproblemofantibioticresistance,whereantibioticsstopworkingasthemicroorganisms(微生物)theyattackbecomeresistanttothem.“Ifwe’redisc

hargingantibioticsintoriversallthetime,andbacteriaarebeingconstantlyexposedtothem,thenobviouslythey’regoingtodevelopresista

nce,”saidKay.“Inthisparticularstudyweonlylookedatfivedrugs,buttherearepotentiallyhundredsifnotthousandsofdrugsinrivers,”hesaid.“Andfromourstudy,th

eyjustdon’tseemtobecomelessinriversaswewouldexpectthemtodo,basedonourunderstandingfromlabexperiments.”Kayandhiscolleaguestooksamplesas

faras5kmdownstreamfromwastewatertreatmentplants,wherethedrugsarelikelytohaveenteredtheriver,andfoundthatthe

drugsdidn’tseemtogetbrokendown.These“environmentalmicroorganisms”canfindtheirwayintohumansthroughwater,air,animals,andfood.Andtheeffecto

fsuchdrugsonwildlifeisnotyetclear.“Idon’tthinkthereareanyenormousdisastershappening,”Kaysaid.“Onthewholeit’slongimpacts.”29．Whatisthefinalre

sultofpharmaceuticalpollution?A．Itworsenstheenvironment.B．Itincreasesproductioncosts.C．Itaffectsthequalityoflife.

D．Itreducestheeffectofdrugs.30．WhatcanbeinferredaboutantibioticsfromKay’swordsfromParagraph5?A．Theymainlyexistinfivedrugs.B．Theycanlivefor

atleast18months.C．Theiramountwillnotdropinrivers.D．Theireffectonbacteriawillrise.31．What’sKay’sattitudetotheenviron

mentalmicroorganism?A．Optimistic.B．Concerned.C．Doubtful.D．Indifferent.32．Whereisthetextprobablytakenfrom?A

．Aliteraturereview.B．Atravelbrochure.C．Asciencemagazine.D．Amedicineguide.9.（2022秋·江西赣州·高三校联考期末）Lastnight,myhusban

dandIjustcelebratedourweddinganniversary.Recallingthefunwehadonourweddingdayaswellassomeofthefunnyaccidentswasagreatwaytogetusclo

setoeachotherandampuptheromanceofthenight.Still,Icouldimaginemyfriendsrollingtheireyesatthatidea.Engaginginnostalgia(怀旧)seemedembarrassingforthe

mandtheyevenworrieditcouldmakemeregretful.Afterall,whenyoulookbackontheearlydaysofyourromance,youmightfeelb

ittersweetafterrealizinghowmuchhaschanged.Butrecentresearchsuggeststhatfeelingnostalgicaboutsignificantp

asteventsfromyourrelationshipcanactuallybenefitit—whetheryourecallthosealoneorwithyourpartner.Inonestudy,somep

articipantsinaromanticrelationshipwerepromptedtowriteaboutanostalgicexperiencethey’dhadwiththeirpartner

ortolistentoasongthatmadethemfeelnostalgicabouttheirrelationship,whileotherswroteaboutanordinaryexperiencethey’dhadorasongtheyliked.Aft

erwards,thoseparticipantstoldtheresearchershowcloseandcommittedtheyfelttotheirpartner,howsatisfiedtheywer

ewiththeirrelationship,andhowmuchpassionatelovetheyfeltfortheirpartner.Aftercomparingthegroups,theresear

chersfoundthatthoseexperiencingnostalgiafeltcloser,morecommittedandmorelovingtowardtheirpartner,andweremoresat

isfiedwiththeiroverallrelationship.Thiswastrueevenwhenaccountingforotheremotions,likehappiness,whichm

ightaffectourviewsofothers.“Ourconclusionisthatexperiencingnostalgiatemporarilyenhancesperceptionsofromanticrelationshipqu

ality,”saysleadresearcherNicholasEvansoftheUniversityofManitobainCanada.Whilepaststudieshavefoundthatfeelingnostalgicbringsmeaning

toone’slifeandhelpspeoplefeelmoresociallyconnected,theuseofnostalgiainromanticrelationships,specifically,had

notbeentestedbefore.Evansbelievesthisisanuntappedresourceforcouples.“Now,wehaveprovedthatnostalgiadefinitelyc

ouldbeoneofmanytoolstohelpenhanceromanticrelationships,”hesays.33．Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase“ampup”inthefirstparag

raphmean?A．Assess.B．Recall.C．Increase.D．Ruin.34．Whatistheauthor’sfriends’opiniononnostalgia?A．Engaginginitisben

eficial.B．Ithardlyaffectsrelationships.C．Experiencingitisverynatural.D．Itmayleadtounpleasantresults.35．What

werealltheparticipantsinthestudyaskedtodo?A．Singwiththeirpartners.B．Commentoneachother.C．Listentonostalgicsongs.D．Reporttheirfeelin

gs.36．Whatcanwelearnaboutthestudy?A．Itstillneedstobeimproved.B．Itisofpioneeringsignificance.C．Itsresultconfirmscouples’belief.D．Itsconclusion

hasbeentestedbefore.10.（2022·四川绵阳·四川省绵阳南山中学校考二模）Beautifulcoralreefs(珊瑚礁)inThaiseashavebeengraduallyworseningduetoglobalwarming

thatcausescoralbleaching,inadditiontocertainhumanactivitieswithoutpropercontrolandenvironmentalconscio

usness.Recently,researchersfromThaiuniversityChulalongkomhavecreated3D-printedcoralreefsmodeledonthenatureofr

ealcoralscalledInnovareeftoacceleratetherecoveryofthecoralreefecosystem.Innovareefcoralsarecoatedwithca

lciumandphosphatenutrients(钙磷营养物)thatcoralsneedtothriveandconsistofflatsurfaces.Thereefs’holesserveashabitatsan

dhidingplacesformanyseaanimals.Artificialreefsalsomakeuseofhydrodynamicstechnologytoenhancetheirresistancetotidalforcesandensurethattheystayinplace.

Finally,thePH(levelofacidity)oftheselectedtypeofcementusedforthereefsisclosetothatofseawater,andthedesignco

nceptisthatofLego,easilyassembled(组装)anddisassembledblocksthatareeasytotransportandfix.“TheInnovareefisnottoolarge.It’slight-weight

edandcanbecarriedbyanyonethussavingtransportationcosts.Youcansimplyputitatanydesiredlocationintheseaandthendivedowntoputalltheunitstogethertocomplet

etheInnovareef.Notevenfiveminutesafterward,fishandseveraloceancreaturesstarttocomeintosurveyandmakeittheirnewhabitat,leading

tobiodiversityaroundtheInnovareef.Moreimportantly,theresearchdataindicatesthatthesettlementandgrowthratesofplanulaontheInnovareefar

ebetterthanthoseonotherartificialreefs,”saidAssociateProfessorDr.NantarikaChansueatChulalongkornUniversity.Innovareefisthehopef

ortheeffectiverecoveryofnaturalcoralreefs.Nowtheteamisfocusedonaddingmoredetailssothatthenewstructureslookmorelikenaturalreefs.For

thefuturegenerationsofInnovareef,theteamwilldevelopamorespecificdesignforeachseaspeciesinthearea.37．Whatfunctionisexpectedofth

eInnovareef?A．Toextendthelifeofcorals.B．Tomonitorthegrowthofcorals.C．Tohelprestorenaturalcoralreefs.D．Toprotectcoralreefsfromhumande

struction.38．WhatdoweknowabouttheInnovareeffromparagraph2?A．Itishighlyresistanttoheat.B．Ithaslowmanufacturingcosts.C．Itprovidesrichnutrientsforfis

h.D．Itisportableandeasytoassemble.39．WhatareDr.NantarikaChansue’swordsmainlyabout?A．TheadvantagesoftheInnovareef.B．TheinspirationfortheI

nnovareef.C．Themethodsofimprovingoceanhabitats.D．Theimportanceofprotectingbiodiversity.40．Whatwillres

earchersprobablydointhefuture?A．ApplytheInnovareefonalargescale.B．CarryoutmoretestsontheInnovareef.C．Mak

easpecificdesignoftheInnovareef.D．Conductfurtherresearchonnaturalcoralreefs