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第2节介词Step1典题感悟·高考名题这样考考查角度1常用介词1.(2019·北京卷)Firstcelebrated____________1970,theDaynowincludeseventsinmorethan190countriesandregions(地区).[解析]考查介词。句
意:第一次庆祝是在1970年。如今,这一天的活动遍及190多个国家和地区。在年份前要用介词in。故填in。[答案]in2.(2019·浙江卷)Butcanuniformshelpimproveschoolstandards?Theanswer____________thisquestionis
notclear.[解析]考查介词。句意:这个问题的答案不清楚。thekey/answerto...,“……的答案是……”是固定搭配。故填to。[答案]to3.(2018·全国卷Ⅰ)Whilerunningregularlycan'tmakeyouliveforever,thereview
saysitismoreeffectiveatlengtheninglife____________walking,cyclingorswimming.[解析]考查介词。根据句中的more可知,此处应用介词引出比较对象。此处表示跑步比散步、骑行或游泳更能有效地延长寿命,故填than。
[答案]than4.(2018·全国卷Ⅱ)Cornuseslesswater____________riceandcreateslessfertilizer(化肥)runoff.[解析]考查介词。由空前less可知,此处应用介词than,表示“比”。[答案]than5.(201
8·浙江卷)Ifyouarenotgoingtosufferthisproblem,thenIsuggestthatthenexttimeyougotoyourmum'shome____________dinner,getafewcookingtipsfromher.[解析]考查介词。根
据语境可知,此处应用介词for表示“目的”。[答案]for6.(2017·全国卷Ⅱ)Itranforjustundersevenkilometersandallowedpeopletoavoidterriblecrowdson
theroadsaboveastheytravelledtoand____________work.[解析]考查介词。此处是指“当他们上下班时”。考生平时多用from...to...连接起始点,而本题涉及同一个地点,表示往返,一些考生由于没有掌握to
和from的用法而误填其他介词。[答案]from考查角度2介词的固定搭配7.(2019·全国卷Ⅲ)Wewerefirstgreetedwiththebarkingbyapack________dogs,seventobeexa
ct.[解析]考查介词。“apackof”意为“一群”。故填of。[答案]of8.(2019·江苏卷)Favorablepoliciesare________effecttoencourageemployees'professionaldevelopme
nt.[解析]考查介词。句意:好的制度政策实际上都会激发员工的专业水平的提升。ineffect“实际上”,为固定搭配,故填in。[答案]in9.(2019·天津卷)Inspite________alltheproblems,severaloftheplayersprod
ucedexcellentperformances.[解析]考查介词。句意:尽管存在所有这些问题,几个运动员还是表现很好。inspiteof“尽管,不管”。故填of。[答案]of10.(2018·全国卷Ⅲ)Iwassearching________
____thesethreewesternlowlandgorillasI'dbeenobserving.[解析]考查介词。searchfor意为“寻找”,为固定搭配。[答案]for11.(2018·江苏卷改编)C
hina'ssoftpowergrows____________linewiththeincreasingappreciationandunderstandingofChinaglobally.[解析]考查介词。根据句意:我国的软实力的增长与我国在全球各地不断受到的欣赏和理解是紧密相连的。in
linewith“与……紧密相连”。[答案]in12.(2018·天津卷改编)Bobthoughthecouldn'tgotothepartybecausehehadtowriteareport,buthewent____________all.[解析]考查介词。根据句意:鲍勃觉得自己不能参加
这个派对,因为他要写一份报告,但是最终他还是去了。这里用afterall“终究”。[答案]after13.(2017·全国卷Ⅲ)Afterschoolsheplanstotakeayearofftomodelfulltimebeforegoingt
ouniversitytogetadegree____________engineeringorarchitecture.[解析]考查介词。此处表示得到一个在工程学或者建筑学方面的学位。此处考查in的本意“在……方
面”。degree与介词in搭配,表示在某方面的学位。[答案]inStep2知识储备·抓重破难补短板一、常见介词辨析1.表示时间的at,on和in意义短语at表示某个时间点、时刻等atmidnight“在半夜”;atsunrise/sunset“在日出/日落”on表示在具体的日子或具体的
某一天的上午、下午、晚上onarainynight“在一个雨夜”;onChristmasEve“在平安夜”in表示在某段较长的时间内(如世纪、年代、月份等)或泛指上午、下午、晚上等inDecember“在十二月”;inthemorning“在上午”①(2019·呼和浩特
高三调研)WhatattractedthepublicmostwasthesinginganddancingperformancesinFridayafternoon.____________[答案]in→on2.表示时间的in和after意义例句in表示“在……时间之内/
之后”,所在的句子必须表示将来Hewillbebackinanhour.他一小时后就回来。after表示“在……时间之后”,通常“after+时间段”与过去时连用,“after+时间点”与将来时连用Hecamebackafteranhour.他一小时后回来了。②(2019·沈阳
市高三质量监测)IbelievethevacationmustbefascinatingbeforeIfinishtheexam.____________[答案]before→after3.表示方位的through,across和over意义短语through表示“从……的内部穿过”th
roughtheforest“从森林穿过”across表示“从……表面穿过”acrossthedesert“穿过沙漠”over表示“从……的上面越过”jumpoverthefence“跨过篱笆墙”③(2019·武汉市武昌区调研)Aboy
foundacocoon(茧)ofabutterflyandwatchedthebutterflyforseveralhoursasitstruggledtoforceitsbody____________thatlittlehole.[答案]throug
h4.表示方位的in,on和to意义例句in表示“在……范围内”BeijingliesinthenorthofChina.北京位于中国北部。on表示“毗邻,接壤”Mongolia,whichliesonthenorthofChina,isabe
autifulcountry.位于中国北部的蒙古,是一个美丽的国家。to表示“在……范围外”JapanliestotheeastofChina.日本位于中国东部。④(2019·武昌区调研考试)GuangdongProvinceis____________thesoutheastofGuang
xi.[答案]on5.表示交通方式的by,on和in意义短语by后可直接跟涉及和不涉及交通工具的名词,名词前不加冠词bysea,byair,bybike,bycar,bytrainon/in后跟交通工具时,名词前应有冠词
、物主代词、指示代词等修饰语onone'sbike,inone'scar⑤(2019·沈阳教学质量监测)Readingisthebestwaytopasstime____________thetrain.[答案]on6.表示支
持、反对的介词against和for意义例句against意为“反对”,此外还表示“倚靠着;逆着;以……为背景”等Areyoufortheproposaloragainstit?你支持这项提议还是反对?for表示“支持,赞成”,还可表示原因、目的等⑥(2019·山西省省际名校联考)Particip
antsfirstfilledoutquestionnairesabouttheirsociallives,andtheywerethenaskedtopress____________awallwiththeirkneesatrightanglesforaslong
astheycould,whichcanbereallypainful.[答案]against二、几组常见的介词固定搭配1.介词+名词(短语)athome在家里atlast最终atnight在夜里atnoon在中午atonce立刻atwork在
上班atschool在上学atpresent目前atthecinema在电影院atChristmas在圣诞节atthemoment此刻afterschool放学后byaccident偶然bytheway顺便问问bythelake在湖边duringthenight在晚上fora
moment一会儿foryears多年forsomereason由于某种原因inink用墨水inclass在课上intime及时indanger处于危险之中inaminute一会儿之后intheway妨碍onth
eweekend在周末ontime按时⑦(2019·广州高三调研)Wehelpedatanationalparkinaweek.____________[答案]in→for2.名词+介词accessto能够进入;能
够使用answerto……的答案attitudeto/towards对……的态度effecton/upon对……的影响faithin对……的信心keyto……的钥匙/答案lackof缺乏lovefor对……的热爱planfor对……
的计划wayto通向……的路visitto到……的访问reasonfor……的原因successin……的成功⑧(2019·安徽示范高三质检)Lackexercise,Ithoughtthatthisactivitywasagreatchallengeforme._____
_______[答案]Lack后加of3.动词+介词askfor要……agreewith/on同意consistof由……组成dependon依靠differfrom与……不同decideon决定dowith处理dealwith处
理,对付getto到达geton上(车)hearfrom收到……来信insiston坚持knockat/on敲listento听lookat看learnfrom向……学习lookfor寻找lookafter照顾operateon给……做手术p
utoff推迟resultin导致runinto遇到;撞上stickto坚持standfor代表⑨(2019·郑州一中高三摸底测试)However,Idorealizethatsometimeslif
ecanget____________thewayofourgoals.[答案]in4.动词+副词+介词comeoutwith说出comeupagainst遭到……的反对comeupto达到comeupwit
h提出doawaywith废除getdownto开始认真(做)getonwith与……相处keepupwith跟上liveupto不辜负(期望)lookdownupon看不起lookforwardto盼望
lookoutfor当心lookupto尊敬makeupfor弥补runoutof用完putupwith忍受⑩(2019·皖南八校高三第一次联考)Therearemanykindsofactivitiesforustotakepart.____________[答案]part后加in5.
形容词+介词afraidof对……感到害怕angrywith对……感到生气busywith忙于fullof充满famousfor以……出名farfrom远离goodat擅长happywith对……感到满意interestedin对……感兴趣latefor迟到pleasedwi
th对……感到高兴strictwith对……要求严格sorryfor为……感到抱歉readyfor为……做好准备surprisedat对……感到惊讶⑪(2019·山西八校高三第一次联考)Finally,itisnecessaryofustodosom
ehousework,whichcanhelpourparentsalot.____________[答案]of→for6.介词+名词(短语)+介词asaresultof由于atthesightof一看见bymeansof借助于forthepurposeof为了……的
目的forthehonorof为了……的荣誉inneedof需要……inadditionto除……之外(还)intermsof从……方面来说inchargeof负责onbehalfof代表ontopof在……上面onavisitto去拜访/参
观onone's/thewayto在去……的途中⑫(2019·高考考试大纲调研卷三)Not____________ahurry,Ididn'twanttodisturbhersoIstayedbehind.[答案]inStep3增分攻略·献计献
策献妙招年月周前要用in,日子前面却不行。遇到几号要用on,上午下午又是in。要说某日上下午,in又变on才能通。午夜黄昏须用at,黎明用它也能成。[操作技法1]分析具体语境,注意介词含义常常设置语境考查介词,要仔细分析,正确理解,弄清命题意图,填出正确答案。[典例](20
19·沧州联考)Weshouldtalkaboutthethings____________thechildren'sunderstandinginasimpleway.[解析]句意:我们应当用一种简单的方式谈论超出儿童理解能力
的事物。beyond“超出……之外,非……所能及”。[答案]beyond[操作技法2]积累介词用法,注意一词多义在平时学习时,要注意整理、积累,逐一掌握每个介词的主要用法,弄清易混介词用法的异同,根据语境灵活选用介词。常见介词的常见用法有:against“与……相反,违反”;
despite“尽管”;for“因为,从……来看”;with“随着”等。[典例](2019·保定模拟)Youshouldflyyourkite____________thewind,oritcannotflyhigh
.[解析]句意:你应该逆着风放风筝,否则它飞不高。against“逆,与……相反”,符合语境,属于against的常见用法。[答案]against[操作技法3]体会英语本义,注意介词的固定搭配复习时,要系统复习同一介词与不同动词、名词、形容词
搭配构成的短语的意义。英语中一些介词的搭配是固定的,选择时要从英语本义上考虑,不能看其汉语表面意思。[典例](2019·长春市测评)Insomecases,differentapproaches____________thesames
cientificproblemleadtoconflictingtheories.[解析]approachto/towards“……的方法”,是固定搭配。句意:在一些情形下,对同一个科学难题进行研究所采用的方法不同,就会得出互相矛盾的结论。[答案]to/towards1
.分析句子成分如果句子中不缺少主语或表语,动词后又不缺少宾语,则在名词、代词或动名词前一定是填介词。2.记牢搭配(1)注意短语搭配中介词的正确使用;(2)注意有特殊用法的介词,如接复合宾语就只能用with或without。Step4刷题训练·练稳练
准练速度Ⅰ.单句语法填空1.(2019·江西上饶一次联考)____________thatspecialnight,alltheSenior3studentsstoodinthecorridors(走廊)andlookeddownat
theyoungerstudentsbelow.[解析]句意:在那个特殊的晚上,所有高三年级的学生站在走廊里低头看着下面低年级的学生。表示“在具体某天的上午、下午或晚上”需用介词on。[答案]On2.(2
019·甘肃张掖二中8月月考)Manylocalresidentswelcomethesharedbikes____________theflexibilityandfreedomtheyoffer.[解析]句意:因共享单车给人们提供的灵活性和自由度,许多当地的居民很欢迎共享单车。设空处表示“原
因”,故填介词for。[答案]for3.(2019·浙江稽阳联谊学校10月联考)Calligraphy,____________amirror,isasilentreflectionofthesoul.[解析]句意:书法,像一面镜子一样,无声地反映灵魂。设空处表示“像”,故填介词like。[
答案]like4.(2019·安徽太湖中学10月月考)DuringmyfirstyearinChina,Ispentthesummerholiday____________myfamilyattheseasideinBeida
ihe.[解析]句意:在中国的第一年,我和我的家人在北戴河的海边度过了暑假。with在此处意为“和……”。[答案]with5.(2019·甘肃武威二中10月月考)TheEnglishspokeninEnglandbetweena
boutAD450and1150wasverydifferent____________themodernEnglishwespeaktoday.[解析]句意:公元450年到1150年间在英国所说的英语和今天我们所说的现代英
语是非常不同的。bedifferentfrom“与……不同”。[答案]from6.(2019·四川成都市实验中学9月月考)Plasticwasteandalgaeonthewatergiveoffasmellverysimilar____________thekrill(磷虾)that
manyseabirdsfeedon.[解析]句意:水面上的塑料废物和海藻释放出一种非常类似于磷虾的气味,许多海鸟以这种磷虾为食。(be)similarto“与……相似”。[答案]to7.(2019·云南玉溪一中二次调研)Thewordsofthepoemswerefull____________
encouragementandpositiveenergy,andshowedanuncommonopen-mindednessamongwomenatthattime.[解析]句意:诗歌中的文字充满了鼓励和正能量,并且在那个时代的女性当中展现出了不同寻常的开明的思想。b
efullof“充满了……”。[答案]of8.(2019·东北三省三校一模)TheGreatWallstretches____________DandongintheeasttoLopNurinthewest,alongthesouthernedgeofInner
Mongolia.[解析]句意:长城沿着内蒙古的南部边界,从东部的丹东一直延伸到了西部的罗布泊。表示“从……到……”用from...to...结构。[答案]from9.(2019·河北衡水中学二调)Thecountry'sind
ustrialeconomyhasmaintainedsteadyandsoundgrowththanks____________theMadeinChina2025strategy.[解析]句意:多亏了“中国制造2025”战略,国
家的工业经济一直保持稳定的、健康的增长。thanksto为固定短语,意为:多亏了,幸亏。[答案]to10.(2019·内蒙古赤峰二中二次月考)WeknowtheBritishhavealoveaffairwithdrinkingtea,____________morethan160milli
oncupsdrunkeveryday.[解析]句意:我们知道英国人爱喝茶,每天有一亿六千多万杯茶被喝掉。设空处考查with的复合结构(with+n./pron.+过去分词)作伴随状语。[答案]with11.(2019·河南驻马店经济开发区高级中学一次月考)TheWater-S
plashingFestivalisalsoaculturalbridge____________XishuangbannaandSoutheastAsiancountriesthatsharethesamefestivalcultureofwater-splashing.[解析]句意:泼水
节也是西双版纳与有着相同泼水节节日文化的东南亚国家之间的一座桥梁。根据句意及题干中的and可知设空处填between。between...and...意为:在……和……之间。[答案]between12.(2019·四川乐山沫若中学入学考试)____
________Mondayshegaveeachstudenthisorherlist.[解析]句意:在周一,她给每个学生一份清单。表示“在具体某一天”需用介词on。[答案]On13.(2019·江西新余四中9月月考)Inthisfast-changingandco
mpetitiveworld,manypeopleare____________heavypressure.[解析]句意:在这个快速变化且充满竞争的世界里,许多人处于沉重的压力下。underpressure为固定短语,意为:在压力之下。[
答案]under14.(2019·吉林百校联盟上学期联考)Shesaysit'simportanttowakeup____________thesametimeeveryday.[解析]句意:她说每天在
同一时间醒来很重要。atthesametime为固定短语,意为:在同一时间。[答案]at15.(2019·江西红色七校一联)Asweallknow,Hangzhou,abeautifulcity,wont
hebid____________September16th,2015.[解析]句意:我们都知道,杭州,一个美丽的城市,在2015年9月16日赢得了举办权。在具体某天前要用介词on。[答案]onⅡ.语篇语法填空(介词专练
)(2019·贵州遵义期末考试)TherearemanyfestivalsinGuizhouProvince.OneofthemisDongNewYear,1.____________fallsintheeleventhlunarmonth
aftertheharvest.Insomevillages,thefestival2.____________(take)placeinthetenthmonth.DongNewYearisas3.____________(imp
ortance)astheSpringFestival.Inthedays4.______________(lead)uptotheNewYear,theDongpeoplemakenewclothes,cleantheirhouses,
andmakericecakes.5.____________theeveoftheNewYear,theyprepare“colddish”withbeancurdandhomemadevinegar.
It6.______________(give)asanofferingtoone'sancestors.DongNewYearis7.______________(usual)celebratedinm
anyDongvillagesintheareaofRongjianginGuizhouProvince.TheexactdatevariesbutfallsduringtheperiodlateOctobertoearlyNov
ember.Public8.____________(celebration)includetheLushengFestivalandwaterbuffalofighting.Anotherone,MiaoSistersFest
ival,iscelebratedfromthe15thtothe17thdayofthethirdlunarmonthcalendar,when9.______________(marry)womenmakeareturntotheh
omesoftheirmothers.Athome,theyprepareandeat10.____________specialkindoffood,blackricecake.Whentheyreturntotheirown
homes,theybringwiththemsomeofitandgiveittotheirhusbandsasgifts.语篇解读:本文是一篇说明文。贵州省有许多节日,其中一个是侗族新年。文章对此进
行了介绍。1.[解析]考查定语从句。此处为非限制性定语从句,先行词是DongNewYear,关系词在从句中作主语,指物,应使用关系代词which引导。故填which。[答案]which2.[解析]考查时态。此处描述的客观事实,应使用一般现在时
。故填takes。[答案]takes3.[解析]考查形容词。此处作表语,意为“像春节一样重要”,as...as结构中,使用形容词原级。故填important。[答案]important4.[解析]考查现在分词。leadupto“为……做准备”,此处与主语the
Dongpeople构成逻辑上的主谓关系,应使用现在分词。故填leading。[答案]leading5.[解析]考查介词。固定短语:ontheeveof“在……的前夕”,故填On。[答案]On6.[解析]考查语态。句意:它是作为祭品送给祖先的。根据句意及句子结构可知,此处应使用
一般现在时的被动语态。故填isgiven。[答案]isgiven7.[解析]考查副词。此处修饰动词celebrated,应使用副词形式。故填usually。[答案]usually8.[解析]考查名词复
数。celebration是可数名词,其前没有冠词,且谓语动词是原形,据此可知,此处应使用名词复数。故填celebrations。[答案]celebrations9.[解析]考查形容词。根据下文makeareturntothehom
esoftheirmothers可知,此处指“已婚的女人”。married“已婚的”。故填married。[答案]married10.[解析]考查冠词。根据下文kindof可知,此处指“一种特殊的食品”,应使用不定冠词。故填a。[答案]a专题强化训练
(九)Ⅰ.语法填空A(2019·河北石家庄期末考试)Inthepast,nothingarousedthespiritofAmerica'semergingeconomyliketheskyscraper.Height1._______
_______(be)afascinationsincethepyramids.It'sclosertotheheaven.Itscaresoffyourenemies.Itmakesyoufaith
fullykneeldowninawe.Buttheheightofthesebuildings2.____________(create)manynewengineeringproblems.Therealchallengesarethatarchitectsaremovingintoadif
ferentleagueofengineering,oneof3.____________iswindloading.Windloadingisatermengineersuse4.____________(meas
ure)theeffectofthewindonatallbuilding.Themoreflexiblethebuilding,the5.____________(safe)itis.Atallbuilding'sflexibilityalsohelpsitsurviveearthquakes.
Probablythesafestplaceyoucanbein6.____________earthquakeisinatallbuilding.Whentheearthquakehitsthebuilding,it'sa
bletojustbendandmovewiththeearthquakeforcebutnotbreak.All7.______________all,theengineeringadvancementsusedtoconstructthesesupertallbuildingsc
anturnoneman'sdreaminto8.____________(real).Asamatteroffact,we'renotsomuch9.____________(interest)inhowabuildingmeetsthegroundaswearehowabui
ldingmeetsthesky.Despitethechallengeof10.____________(construct)theworld'stallestskyscrapers,thepassionofexplora
tionwillnevergoout.语篇解读:本文是一篇议论文。这篇文章主要讲了建筑物的高度带来了许多新的工程问题。1.[解析]考查时态。句意:自金字塔以来,高度就一直是一种魅力。根据sincethepyramids可知用现在完成时,故填hasbeen。[答案]ha
sbeen2.[解析]考查时态。句意:但是这些建筑物的高度带来了许多新的工程问题。描述主语现在的状态,用一般现在时,height表示“高度”时,是不可数名词,故填creates。[答案]creates3.[解析]考查非限制性定语
从句。oneof3.__________iswindloading是一个非限制性定语从句,先行词是leagueofengineering,“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句,指物,只能用which,故填which。[答案
]which4.[解析]考查不定式。句意:风荷载是工程师用来测量风对高层建筑影响的一个术语。作目的状语,用不定式,故填tomeasure。[答案]tomeasure5.[解析]考查固定结构。句意:建筑越灵活,就越安全。the+比较级,the+比较级,“越……越……”,该用法是固定用法,故填sa
fer。[答案]safer6.[解析]考查冠词。句意:一次地震中最安全的地方可能是在高楼里。文中泛指“一次地震”,且earthquake的首字母发音是元音,故填不定冠词an。[答案]an7.[解析]考查固定短
语。句意:总而言之,用于建造这些超级高楼的技术可以把一个人的梦想变成现实。allinall“总而言之”,是固定短语,故填in。[答案]in8.[解析]考查词性转换。句意:总而言之,用于建造这些超级高楼的技术可以把一个人的梦想变成现实。该空作句子宾语,用名词,故填reali
ty。[答案]reality9.[解析]考查固定短语。句意:事实上,与其说我们对建筑如何与地面相接感兴趣,不如说我们对建筑如何与天空相接感兴趣。beinterestedin“对……感兴趣”,故填interested。[答案]interested10.[解析]考查非谓语动词。介词of
之后接v.ing,故填constructing。[答案]constructingB(2019·河南实验中学期中考试)Accordingtoarecentsurvey,violencedidexistinschools.Student
sshowedtheirfearandparents1.______________teachersalsoexpressedtheirgreatconcernaboutit.Expertssuggestm
oreattention2.______________(pay)toitbythewholesocietyforthementalhealthofadolescents.Nowadays,schoolviolen
ceis3.______________hotissue.Ithinkthisisaphenomenon,4.______________callsforourgreatconcern.Weshouldtryeveryeffort5.______
______(prevent)violencehappeningatschoolformoreandmorestudentswoulddropoutofschooliftheirpersonal6.______________(safe)couldnotbeguarantee
d.Infact,violencecanbelearned.Childrenlearnviolentbehaviorfromadultsorfrom7.____________theyseeontelevisionorontheInternet.IfIme
etwithschoolviolence,Iwillnotanswerviolence8.____________violence,foritwillresultin9.______________(mu
ch)fighting.Iwilltellmyteachersorparentsaboutit.Ithinktheywillhelpmedealwithitwellandtheywillprotectmefromthebadguys.Allinall,everystudentshoul
dbehave10.______________(he)andkeepawayfromviolence.语篇解读:本文是一篇议论文。文章主要讲述了据最新调查显示,在学校中,确实存在暴力,家长和老师也表示了极大的关注。我们应尽最大的努力,预防此类事件的发生。1.[解析]
考查连词。句意:学生们表现出了他们的恐惧,家长和老师也表达了他们的极大关注。文中表示并列关系,故填and。[答案]and2.[解析]考查虚拟语气。moreattention2.____________(pay)toit
bythewholesocietyforthementalhealthofadolescents是suggest之后的宾语从句,且suggest表示建议,宾语从句要用should+动词原形,should可以省略,attention与pay之间是被动关系,用被动语态,故填(should)bepai
d。[答案](should)bepaid3.[解析]考查冠词。句意:现在,学校暴力是一个热点问题。文中泛指“一个热点问题”,hot的首字母发音是辅音,故填不定冠词a。[答案]a4.[解析]考查非限制性定语从句。4.____________ca
llsforourgreatconcern是一个非限制性定语从句,aphenomenon是先行词,关系词在从句中作主语,指物,that不能引导非限制性定语从句,故填which。[答案]which5.[解析]考查固定用法。文中表示“我们应该尽一切努力阻止暴力事件的发生”,trytodosth
.“尽最大的努力做某事”,是固定用法,故填toprevent。[答案]toprevent6.[解析]考查名词。iftheirpersonal6.____________(safe)couldnotbeguaranteed是一个条件状语从句,作句子主语,用名词,故填safety。[答
案]safety7.[解析]考查宾语从句。7.____________theyseeontelevisionorontheInternet是一个宾语从句,引导词在从句中作see之后的宾语,表示“看到的事情”,故填what。[答案]what8.[解析]考查介词。
句意:如果我遇到校园暴力,我不会以暴力来回应暴力。表示“用……”,故填with。[答案]with9.[解析]考查比较级。句意:如果我遇到校园暴力,我不会用暴力来回应暴力,因为这会导致更多的冲突。表示“更多的”,用比较级,故填more。[
答案]more10.[解析]考查固定用法。句意:总之,每一个学生都应该好好表现,远离暴力。behaveoneself“表现好”,是固定用法,故填himself。[答案]himselfⅡ.短文改错(2019·广西桂林第十八中学月考)Lastsummervacation,Iworkedinrestau
rant.Oneday,Iwasabouttobeoffdutythenthreeforeignerscamein.Sinceitwasmyfirsttimetotalkwithforeigners,su
ddenlymymindwentblankly.Ifailedtorespondtotheirquestion.Butafewminuteslater,Irefreshmyself.So,Ibegantotalktothemandadaptedtothatatmospheregradually
.Irestartedtopickupmyconfidentagain.Oneofthem,whoseemedinhisthirtieth,praisedonmeformyselfconfidence.Afterthat,IsworeImustlearntEn
glishwell,especiallyspokenEnglish,andnevermakethatembarrassingthinghappeningagain.[答案]Lastsummervacation,Iworke
din∧arestaurant.Oneday,Iwasabouttobeoffdutythenwhenthreeforeignerscamein.Sinceitwasmyfirsttimetotalkwi
thforeigners,suddenlymymindwentblanklyblank.Ifailedtorespondtotheirquestionquestions.Butafewminuteslater,I
refreshrefreshedmyself.So,Ibegantotalktothemandadaptedtothatatmospheregradually.Irestartedtopickupmyconfidentconfidenceagain.Oneofthem,whoseemedi
nhisthirtieththirties,praisedon\meformyselfconfidence.Afterthat,IsworeImustlearntlearnEnglishwell,especiallyspoken
English,andnevermakethatembarrassingthinghappeninghappenagain.Ⅲ.阅读理解(2019·甘肃会宁县期末考试)Grandmothersdon'talwayshavecommo
nsenseinthewaysofsocialmedia,butanArizonawoman'swrongwaytexthasmadeheranInternetstar.WandaDenchthoughtshewastextingaThanksgiving
invitationtohergrandson,butthepersonwhoreceiveditwasatotalstranger,JamalHilton,acollegestudent.Hewashavinglunchearlierthisweekwhentheinvitati
onshoweduponhiscellphone.Hedidn'trecognizethephonenumber,sohewrotebackaskingwhosentit.“Yourgrandma.”Denchwroteback.“Grandm
a?”Hiltonreplied,“CanIhaveapicture?”“That'sstrange.”Denchthought.Butshedutifullytookaselfile(自拍)ofherselfatworkandtextedit.“Youarenotmygrandma,”Hi
ltonsaid,“CanIstillgetaplatethere?”Denchwasembarrassedathermistake,butquicklyrecovered.“Ofcourseyoucan.”Shewroteback.“That'swhatgrandmasdo
...feedeveryone.”Denchiswhite.HiltonisAfricanAmerican.Thestudenttookascreenshot(屏幕截图)oftheconversatio
nandposteditonTwitter,whereit'sbeenretweeted(转发)morethan150,000times.Denchdidn'tknowthatHiltonhadpostedtheirexchangeonli
ne.Thenherphoneblewup.Injustafewdays,shereceivedmorethan600textmessagesandlotsofvoicemailbecauseherphonenumberwasinc
ludedinthescreenshot.“AtfirstIthought,‘Well,thisisannoying,’untilIstartedreadingsomeofthepeople'stexts.”She
said.Strangerswrote,“Thankyousomuch.You'resuchakindpersontoletthisyoungmanintoyourhome.”Shesaid,“Ithinkthismaybealittlemoreimportantthanwhat
Ithoughtitwasbecauseoftheracialtensionthat'sinthecountry.”DenchandHiltonmetinpersononWednesdaynightatherhome.Sheformallyinvi
tedhimandhisfamilytoThanksgivingdinner.Heaccepted.语篇解读:本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述亚利桑那州一名奶奶的错误短信却让她成为了网络明星。1.WhatwasHiltondoingwhenhere
ceivedtheinvitation?A.Hewashavinglunch.B.Hewashavingclass.C.Hewaswatchingmoviesonhismobilephone.D.Hewasdoingsomeexercisesintheclassroom.[解析]细节
理解题。根据第二段中的“Hewashavinglunchearlierthisweekwhentheinvitationshoweduponhiscellphone.”可知,他正在吃午饭时,手机上出现了邀请。故选A。[答案]A2.HowdidDenchfi
ndshehadsenttheinvitationtoawrongnumber?A.Shefounditbyherself.B.ShereceivedacallfromHilton.C.Hiltonwrotebacktotellher.D.Hergrandsonsentames
sagetotellherthetruth.[解析]细节理解题。根据第三段和第五段可知,希尔顿回短信告诉她,她不是他奶奶。故选C。[答案]C3.HowcanwebestdescribeaboutDenchaccordingtothepassage?A.Clumsy
.B.Honest.C.Stubborn.D.Friendly.[解析]推理判断题。根据全文描述可知,Dench在知道Hilton不是自己的孙子而是一个黑人的情况下,还是邀请了他们一家,可推知她是个非常友善的人。故选D。[答案]D4.Itcanbelearnedfromthepas
sagethat________.A.HiltonacceptedtheinvitationunwillinglyB.thewronginvitationhadahappyendingC.HiltongotDench'sphonenumberfromhergrandsonD.Denchfinal
lybecameangryatthemessagesandvoicemail[解析]推理判断题。根据全文可知,虽然奶奶发错了短信,但她正式邀请希尔顿和他的家人一起吃感恩节晚餐,最后希尔顿接受了,从而可以推断出错误的邀请有一个欢快的结局。故选
B。[答案]BⅣ.完形填空(2019·张掖二中月考)Onceuponatime,therewasapoorman.His____1____wasalsoverypoor—asmallandemptyhouse,whichwas____2____withspiderwebs(蜘蛛网)
.Peopletriedto____3____comingintohishouseastheydidn'twanttocometosucha____4____place.Andthepoormanthoug
htthatpoverty(贫困)wasthe____5____forhisunluckylife.Then,thepoorman____6____awisemanandtoldhimabouthispoverty.Themanfeltsorryforthepoormanandgavehim
avase(花瓶).“Thiswillsaveyoufrom____7____,”thewiseman____8____.Thepoormantookthe____9____fromthewisemanandwantedto____10____itatfirs
tandthenspendthemoneyondrinking,asusual.Besides,whywouldhe____11____suchabeautifulthing?Butthenhestarted____12____
thevasecarefullyanddecidednottotakeittothemarket.Hebroughtthevasebacktohis____13____,putitonthetableandstartedwatchingitagain.“It'snot____14
____forsuchabeautifulthingtobe____15____,”thepoormanthought.Sohe____16____someflowersandputthemintothevase.Itbecameeven____17____.“
Notgoodthatsuchabeautifulthingstandsnexttoaspiderweb.”thepoorman____18____again.Sothepoormanstarted____19____hishouse.Hecleanedthedust,washedthefloo
randwhitenedthewalls.Anditbecameclearthathishousewasn'tpoor,____20____ratherwarmandcomfortable.Andthepo
ormanwasn'tapoormananymore,butahardworkinghost,whohadnotimetothinkaboutpoverty.语篇解读:本文是一篇寓言类阅读文。文章通过讲述一个穷人和花瓶的故事,说明了
只有追求幸福的心和勤劳的工作才能改变一个人贫穷的命运。1.A.childB.homeC.healthD.village[解析]考查名词。根据asmallandemptyhouse可知,这里的意思是他的家也非常贫穷。A.child“孩子”;B.home“家”;C.health“健康”;D.vil
lage“村庄”,故选B。[答案]B2.A.treatedB.builtC.filledD.covered[解析]考查动词。上文说房子又小又空,可以推断出到处挂满蜘蛛网。A.treated“对待”;B.built“建造”;C.filled“装满”;D.covered“覆盖”,故选C。[答案]C
3.A.considerB.forgetC.enjoyD.avoid[解析]考查动词。根据astheydidn'twanttocometosucha____4____place.可知人们避免来他的房子
里。A.consider“考虑”;B.forget“忘记”;C.enjoy“享受”;D.avoid“避免”,故选D。[答案]D4.A.quietB.dirtyC.coldD.wet[解析]考查形容词。上文说房子又小又空,到处挂满蜘蛛网,
由此推断出人们不想来如此脏的地方。句意:A.quiet“安静的”;B.dirty“肮脏”;C.cold“寒冷的”;D.wet“潮湿的”,故选B。[答案]B5.A.reasonB.resultC.problemD.change[解析
]考查名词。句意:这个贫穷的人认为贫困是造成他生活不幸的原因。A.reason“原因”;B.result“结果”;C.problem“问题”;D.change“改变”,故选A。[答案]A6.A.helpedB.thankedC.metD.protected[
解析]考查动词。句意:有一天,这个贫穷的人遇到一位智者。A.helped“帮助”;B.thanked“感谢”;C.met“遇到”;D.protected“保护”,故选C。[答案]C7.A.dangerB.deathC.
poornessD.trouble[解析]考查名词。根据上文andtoldhimabouthispoverty可知这里意思是它将帮你摆脱贫穷。A.danger“危险”;B.death“死亡”;C.poorness“贫穷”;D.trouble“麻烦”,故选C。[答案]C8.A.saidB.sho
utedC.criedD.wrote[解析]考查动词。根据上文内容可知,这位智者在对他说话。A.said“说”;B.shouted“大喊”;C.cried“大哭”;D.wrote“写”,故选A。[答案]A9.A.moneyB.vaseC.tableD.flower
[解析]考查名词。根据Themanfeltsorryforthepoormanandgavehimavase(花瓶).可知智者给他一个花瓶,所以推断出这里意思是他从智者手里接过这个花瓶。A.money“钱”;B.vase“花瓶”;C.table“桌子”;D.flo
wer“鲜花”,故选B。[答案]B10.A.drawB.studyC.throwD.sell[解析]考查动词。根据andthenspendthemoneyondrinking,asusual可知起初,这个贫穷的人想要把这个
花瓶卖掉。A.draw“画”;B.study“学习”;C.throw“扔”;D.sell“卖掉”,故选D。[答案]D11.A.bringB.buyC.likeD.need[解析]考查动词。句意:此外,他为什么会需要如此美丽的东西呢?A.bring“带
来”;B.buy“买”;C.like“喜欢”;D.need“需要”,故选D。[答案]D12.A.washingB.lookingatC.repairingD.showingoff[解析]考查动词短语。根据下文p
utitonthetableandstartedwatchingitagain可知,然后,他开始仔细地看这个花瓶。A.washing“洗”;B.lookingat“看着”;C.repairing“修理”;
D.showingoff“炫耀”,故选B。[答案]B13.A.houseB.farmC.shopD.school[解析]考查名词。下文提到他把花瓶放到了桌子上,由此推断出他把这个花瓶带回了他的房子里。A.house“房子”;B.farm“农场”;C.shop“商
店”;D.school“学校”,故选A。[答案]A14.A.importantB.rightC.possibleD.easy[解析]考查形容词。根据Sohe____16____someflowersandputthemintothevase.可知这里意思是让如此美丽的东西空着是不
对的。A.important“重要的”;B.right“正确的”;C.possible“可能的”;D.easy“容易的”,故选B。[答案]B15.A.bigB.emptyC.oldD.safe[解析]考查形容词。句意:让如此美丽的东西空着是不对的。A.big“大的”;B.em
pty“空的”;C.old“年老的”;D.safe“安全的”,故选B。[答案]B16.A.plantedB.borrowedC.stoleD.picked[解析]考查动词。句意:所以他去摘了一些花,把它们放在花瓶里。A.planted“种植”;B.borrowed“借”;C.st
ole“偷”;D.picked“采摘”,故选D。[答案]D17.A.morebeautifulB.strangerC.moreexpensiveD.stronger[解析]考查形容词。句意:这个花瓶甚至变得更美丽了
。A.morebeautiful“更美丽”;B.stranger“奇怪”;C.moreexpensive“更昂贵”;D.stronger“更强壮”,故选A。[答案]A18.A.expectedB.thoughtC.believedD.doubte
d[解析]考查动词。上文说如此美丽的东西位于一个蜘蛛网的旁边是不好的,这是他在想。A.expected“盼望”;B.thought“想”;C.believed“相信”;D.doubted“怀疑”,故选B。[答案]B19.A.cleaningB.checkingC.mov
ingD.choosing[解析]考查动词。根据Hecleanedthedust,washedthefloorandwhitenedthewalls.可知这个贫穷的人开始打扫他的房间。A.cleaning“打扫
”;B.checking“检查”;C.moving“移动”;D.choosing“选择”,故选A。[答案]A20.A.orB.forC.butD.and[解析]考查固定短语。句意:很显然,他的房子不再贫穷,更确切地说,是温暖和舒适。butr
ather“更确切地说”,是固定短语,故选C。[答案]C