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第4节词性转换与构词法Step1典题感悟·高考名题这样考考查角度1形容词变副词的后缀1．(2018·全国卷Ⅱ)Atasteformeatis____________(actual)behindthechange.[解析]

考查副词。这里需填副词来修饰谓语动词is。[答案]actually2．(2017·全国卷Ⅱ)Steamengineswereusedtopullthecarriagesanditmusthavebeen________

____(fair)unpleasantforthepassengers,withallthesmokeandnoise.[解析]此处表示对于乘客来说是相当不愉快的。设空处位于形容词unpleasant之前，修饰形容词unpleasant应用fair的副词形式fairly，

表示“相当地”。注意musthavedone“过去一定做了……”表示对过去情况的肯定推测。[答案]fairly考查角度2动词、名词变形容词的后缀3．(2019·江苏卷)Unliketraditionalgyms,app­backedgymsofferpeo

ple________(flexibility)optionstoexercise.[解析]考查形容词。根据句意：不像传统的体育锻炼，有app软件的体育锻炼提供了灵活的锻炼选项。故填flexible。[答案]flexible4．(

2019·北京卷)Studentsshouldhaveaproperattitudetowardscollegebeforethinkingaboutwhichcollegetoattend,andit'snevertooearlyt

omakenecessarypreparationsforahealthyand__________(meaning)collegeexperience.[解析]考查形容词。这里与前面的healthy并列，修饰后面的名词collegeexperience，故此处也要用形容词。

故填meaningful。[答案]meaningful5．(2019·浙江卷)Schooluniformsare____________(tradition)inBritain,butsomeschoolsarestartingtogetridofthem.[解析]考查形容

词。句意：穿校服在英国是一个传统，但是一些学校开始允许学生上学不用穿校服。are是系动词，其后常用形容词作表语，tradition是名词，“传统”的意思，因此，用其形容词形式。故填traditional。[答案]traditional6．(20

18·浙江卷)Theobviousoneismoney;eatingoutonceortwiceaweekmaybe____________(afford)butdoingthismostdaysaddsup.[解析]考查形容词。根据语境可知，一周在外

就餐一到两次可能是可以负担得起的，故填形容词affordable。[答案]affordable7．(2017·全国卷Ⅱ)TheCentralLondonRailwaywasoneofthemost____________(success)ofthesene

wlines,andwasopenedin1900.[解析]此处表示这些新开通线路中最为成功的线路之一。设空位置在was之后，且空前为themost，故用形容词successful。[答案]successfulStep2知识储备·抓重破难补短板一、形

容词变副词的后缀通常在形容词后加ly，或者把y变i＋ly。①(2019·武汉高中毕业生五月训练题)ItsuddenlyrainedheavyinthemidnightandIfeltcold.____________[答案]heavy→heavily二、形容词变名词的后缀通常以­age，­

cy，­dom，­ence，­ness，­th，­y，­ty，­ity，­ce结尾。②(2019·福州市高中毕业班适应性练习)Ontheotherhand,Ithinkeveryonehastherighttoeducationanditisofgreatimportanttoh

elpthosepeoplewhoneedit.____________[答案]important→importance三、动词、名词变形容词的后缀通常后缀为­able，­al，­ful，­less，­e

d，­ing，­ible，­ive，­ous，­some，­y，­ern，­ish，­ic，­ary。③(2019·太原市高三年级模拟试题三)Buttheveryinstantwebreakthelaw,weshallgetin

toendtrouble.____________[答案]end→endless④(2019·成都市高中毕业班摸底测试)IwenttoChinainthesummerof2017.Mytimetherewasan____________(impres

s)experience.[答案]impressive四、动词变名词的后缀通常以­al，­ance，­ence，­ion，­ation，­(s)sion，­ing，­ment，­ure，­ture，­y或其他为后缀。⑤(2019·陕西省部分学校第一学期摸底检测)Fallisatimeofref

lectandpreparationfortheyearahead.____________[答案]reflect→reflection五、变动词的前缀与后缀通常前缀有en­；后缀有­en，­ify，­ize。⑥(2019·昆明市高三摸底调研测试)Thelatestrese

archfoundevenactivitieslikefarmingandcampingcanfrightanimalsandcausethemtobecomeactiveatnight.____________[答案]fri

ght→frighten⑦(2019·太原市高三年级阶段性测评)Sisypheopensitsbookstoresinshoppingmallsinordertotakeadvantageofthelargenumberofconsumersofshoppingmallstosellitsboo

ks,anditalso____________(able)peopletoenjoyspendingtimereadinganddrinkingcoffee.[答案]enables六、表示否定意义或相反意义的前缀和后缀前缀通常有dis­，il­，im­，in­，ir­，mis­，un­

，后缀为­less。⑧(2019·青岛自主学习)Astheycouldn'tplayoutdoors,theywere____________(happy),andsomeevengotintofightsfromtimetoti

me.[答案]unhappy⑨(2019·沧州联考)Wearegrowing____________(patient)withthelackofresults.[答案]impatientStep3增分攻略·献计献策献妙招前缀改变词义，后缀改变词性。看

好前与后，词性转换依章程。[操作技法1]形容词变副词的后缀变化形式例词直接加­lyslow→slowly缓慢地改y为­ilyhappy→happily高兴地去e加­lytrue→truly真地[典例1](2019·考试大纲调研卷十)Theshowisac

ombinationofdocumentariesandvarietyshows,aimingatexploring____________(complete)newwaystobringhigh­endnationaltreasuresclosertothepublic.[解析]考

查词性转换。空处修饰形容词new,因此只能用副词completely“完全地”。[答案]completely[典例2](2019·考试大纲调研卷八)We'vealwaysknownthattheentrantsto

theAphroditeAwardwerespecial,butthisyearwe'vebeen____________(true)bowledoverbytheirimpressivesuccesses.[解析]考查副词。此处是说我们确实被她们令人钦佩的种种成就所震撼，空处修

饰动词，故用副词truly。[答案]truly[操作技法2]形容词变名词的后缀后缀例词­ageshort→shortage不足；短缺­cyefficient→efficiency效率；功效fluent→fluency流利；流畅accurate→accuracy准确性pri

vate→privacy隐私；私密­domfree→freedom自由；自主wise→wisdom明智；智慧­cedifferent→difference差异silent→silence沉默­nessweak→weaknes

s虚弱；弱点kind→kindness仁慈；好意careless→carelessness粗心大意dark→darkness黑暗­thstrong→strength力气；强项warm→warmth温暖；热情true→truth真相；真理wi

de→width宽度­ydifficult→difficulty困难­tycruel→cruelty残酷；残暴safe→safety安全­itydisable→disability无能；残疾responsible→responsibility责任[典例](2019·考试大纲调研卷三)

Sheaskedmetopushthebuttonfortheliftafterbeingawareofmy____________(present)．[解析]考查词性转换。根据前面的my可知，这里填提示词的名词形式presence，其作宾语表示“在场”。[答案]pr

esence[操作技法3]动词、名词变形容词的后缀后缀例词­ableaccept→acceptable可接受的comfort→comfortable舒适的suit→suitable合适的reason→reasonable有道理的­almusic→musical音乐的nature→natural

自然的；天生的form→formal正式的nation→national全国的­fulharm→harmful有害的hope→hopeful有希望的peace→peaceful和平的care→careful细

心的­edconfuse→confused感到困惑的puzzle→puzzled迷惑的worry→worried担心的excite→excited激动的；兴奋的­ingsurprise→surprising令人惊讶的satisfy→sat

isfying令人满意的worry→worrying令人担心的bore→boring令人厌烦的­ibleaccess→accessible容易到达的；容易取得的horror→horrible可怕的；恐

怖的terror→terrible可怕的­iveact→active积极的；活跃的attract→attractive有吸引力的impress→impressive给人深刻印象的instruct→instructiv

e有教育意义的expense→expensive昂贵的­ousanxiety→anxious忧虑的caution→cautious十分小心的；谨慎的curiosity→curious好奇的humor→humorous幽默的­sometire→tiresome令人厌倦的trouble→trouble

some麻烦的­yhealth→healthy健康的wealth→wealthy富裕的；丰富的dirt→dirty有灰尘的；脏的sun→sunny阳光明媚的­erneast→eastern东方的；向东的west→western西方的；向

西的­ishchild→childish孩子气的fool→foolish愚蠢的；可笑的self→selfish自私的­icscience→scientific科学的economy→economic经济的history→historic历史上著名的­aryimag

ine→imaginary想象中的[典例1](2019·太原市高三年级阶段性测评)Now,itnotonlydevotesitselftosellingbooks,butcombinesthefunctionsoftheboo

kstore,cafeandthesaleof____________(create)culturalproducts.[解析]考查词形转换。修饰名词应用形容词。故用creative修饰其后的“culturalproducts”，表示“创造性的文化产品”。[

答案]creative[典例2](2019·惠州高三第一次调研考试)Afterdrinkingacupoftea,shefoundherselfcompletely____________(refresh),ands

heevenpraiseditasacureforallillnesses.[解析]考查词性转换。句意：喝了一杯茶后，她发现自己完全恢复了精神。findoneself＋adj.意为“发现自己……”，此处用形容词作宾语补足语。[答案]refreshe

d1．熟悉词性与成分的关系，破解词性转换(1)牢记常见的前缀和后缀形式，确保正确转换词性；(2)观察原词的用法，通过将前缀或后缀的意义与原词的意义叠加，推测出新词的含义。2．活用构词法，秒杀词性转换(1)已判定填形容词或副词但是不知如何加前

缀、后缀。例如以字母­e结尾的形容词变副词是否去掉e再加­ly等；(2)牢记变化规则。step4刷题训练·练稳练准练速度Ⅰ.单句语法填空1．(2019·武汉市武昌区调研)Infact,itmusthaveahardstruggletogetits_____

_______(free)fromthecocoon.[解析]考查名词。空处前面是形容词性物主代词its，形容词性物主代词后面要接名词，故填名词freedom。[答案]freedom2．(2019·合肥市第一次教学质量检测)Seniorexper

tsfromUNESCOwereamazedatitsuniquenaturalscenery,nearperfectbiologicalsystem,andcreative____________(com

bine)ofnatureandhumanism.[解析]考查名词。由前面的形容词creative和后面的of可知，此处应用combine的名词形式。[答案]combination3．(2019·江西五校第一次联考)TheUnitedNationsagencyreportedthiswe

ekthe12superbugsareathreattohuman____________(healthy)．[解析]考查名词。介词后跟名词、代词或动词­ing形式作宾语。humanhealth意为“人类健康”，作介词to的宾语。[答案]health4．(2019·郑州第

二次质量预测)OnNewYear'sDay,wevisitedeveryneighborinthevillageandweregreeted____________(warm)ateachhouse.[解析]考查副词。根据空前的weregreeted可知，空处修饰动词，故用副词形式。[答案]wa

rmly5．(2019·太原二模)Lifeisaboutgivingandtaking,andit's____________(general)truethatifyougive,youwillreceive.[解析]考查副词。修饰形容词应用副词，故填generally

。[答案]generally6．(2019·湖北华大联盟高三质检)Theboylookedathisfather____________(hope)becausehethoughthisfatherhadbroughthimapresent.

[解析]考查副词。修饰动词短语lookedat应用副词形式。[答案]hopefully7．(2019·湖北七市联考)FloweringinMay,peonies'largepetalsandstrongcolorsa

relinkedtoprosperityand____________(rich)intraditionalChineseculture.[解析]考查名词。空前and一词决定其前后单词词性相同，and前prospe

rity(繁荣)是名词，所以空处应该也是名词，形容词rich的名词是richness。[答案]richness8．(2019·河南信阳高中第四次大考)Atfirst,manypeopledislikedthisstyleofpaintingan

dbecamevery____________(anger)aboutit.[解析]考查形容词。句意：起初，许多人不喜欢这种绘画风格，并对此感到很生气。系动词became后面应用形容词作表语，故填angry。beangryaboutsth.意为“对某事感到生气”，为

固定短语。[答案]angry9．(2019·成都第二次诊断)Whenyoudogoforhotpot,youwilloftenbeaskedtomakea____________(choose)ofbrothinwhichyouco

okyourrawingredients(食材)．[解析]考查词性转换。根据空前的a和空后的of可知空处应填名词的单数形式。[答案]choice10．(2019·福建六校联考)Staying____________(health)whiletrave

lingcanhelptoensureyourtripisahappyandenjoyableone.[解析]考查形容词。句意：在旅行的过程中保持健康有助于确保你的旅途开心、愉快。stay为系动词，意为“保持”，其后常接形容词作表语。故填healthy。[答案]healthy

11．(2019·河南省豫北名校质量评估)Lanzhoubeefnoodlehasahistoryof102yearsandisknownforits____________(taste)beef,soupandnoodles.[解析]考查形容词。分析句子结构可

知，空处在句中作定语，修饰名词beef，故应填形容词tasty“美味的，可口的”。[答案]tasty12．(2019·赣州十四县市联考)Shetookmefromapoor,unhappycollegestudent

andbroughtmeintoherworld:aworldofsmiles,loveand____________(warm)．[解析]考查词性转换。根据空前的内容可知，空处与smiles和love构成并列关系，故此处用名词形式，故填warmth。[答案]w

armth13．(2019·洛阳市统一考试)Mostoftheseproblemswon'tbe____________(simple)solved.[解析]考查副词。此处应用副词修饰动词，故应填simply。[答案]simply14．(2019·昌乐二中月考)Hecan___

_________(probable)tellusallthedetailswewant.[解析]考查副词。此处应用副词修饰动词tell，故应填probably。[答案]probably15．(2019·贵州适应性

考试)____________(fail)issuchacommonmatterthatweoftenmeetinourlife.[解析]考查名词。此处应用名词作主语，故应填Failure。[答案]FailureⅡ.语篇语法填空(2019·天水市第一中学第五

次质量检测)HeroWriterWhoWroteofHeroeshasPassedAway“1.______________thereareChinesespeakers,therearehisreaders.”Thatsentenc

ehighlightsthehugeinfluenceofLouisChaLeungyung,2.______________(well)knownbyhispennameJinYong,oneofthemost3.______________(i

nfluence)Chinesenovelists.OverthreehundredmillioncopiesofhisbookshavebeensoldintheChinese­speakingworldalone.Aherow

howritesheroesIntheircondolences(哀悼)tohisfamily,manypeoplecalledChaa“hero”eventhoughheconsidered4.______________(he)awriterofherostories.Th

at'sbecauseofthehumanisticconcernsinbothhisnovelsandhisnewspaperarticles.Inallhismartialartsstories,heshowsastronganti­wartendency.InTheLegendoftheC

ondorHeroes,5.____________novelwhichimpressesusdeeply,hewrotehowGenghisKhanwasmovedbythehero'swordsandregrett

edhis6.______________(kill)beforehisdeath.“Hehasmercyforeverybodyinthismortal(凡人)world,”WangXiaolei,ownerofaWeChatp

ublicaccountthatspecializesinanalysisofCha'sworks,7.____________(write)inhiscondolences.8．____________thei

rpopularity,onlyTheDeerandtheCauldronaswellasotherthreenovels9.______________(translate)intoEnglish.Leg

endsoftheCondorHeroes,wasscheduled10.____________(hit)bookstoresinFebruaryin2018.语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。介绍了武侠小说大师金庸先生。1．[解析]考查地点状语从

句。句意：有说中文的人的地方，就有他的读者。逗号前是一个地点状语从句，表示“在……地方”，所以用where来引导。故填Where。[答案]Where2．[解析]考查副词比较级。句意：这句话凸显了查良镛的巨大影响力，他的笔名金庸更为人熟知。此处是原名与笔名之间进行比较，所以这里应该用比较级，故填be

tter。[答案]better3．[解析]考查形容词。根据前面的themost可知此处应该填形容词作定语修饰后面的名词，influence的形容词为influential，意思为“有影响力的”。故填influential。[答案]influential4

．[解析]考查代词。主语与宾语是同一人时，宾语用反身代词表示某人自己。故填himself。[答案]himself5．[解析]考查冠词。在这个句子中，逗号前后为同位语关系，TheLegendoftheCondorHeroes

是一部令我们印象深刻的小说，此处表示泛指一部小说，故填a。[答案]a6．[解析]考查名词。空格前his是形容词性物主代词，后面需要加名词，所以空格处需要填一个名词，另根据常识可知他的杀戮不止一次，所以

要用复数。故填killings。[答案]killings7．[解析]考查动词时态。空格处是句子的谓语，要注意时态，而王晓磊写悼词是过去的事情，所以要用一般过去时，故填wrote。[答案]wrote8．[解析]考查介词。句意：尽管广受欢迎

，但只有《鹿鼎记》以及其他三部小说被译成了英语。根据句意可知，空格处需要填“尽管，虽然”这个意思的词，故填Despite。[答案]Despite9．[解析]考查动词时态语态。句意：尽管广受欢迎，但只有《鹿鼎记》以及其他三部小说被译成了英语

。根据句意可知，到目前为止《鹿鼎记》和其他三部小说被翻译成英语，所以要用现在完成时，主语与动词之间为被动关系，所以用被动语态。另外主语中含有aswellas的，谓语动词根据前面的名词来决定单复数形式，故填hasbeentranslated。[答案]hasbeentransla

ted10．[解析]考查固定搭配。bescheduledtodosth.“被安排做某事，预定于……”。这是一个固定搭配，故填tohit。[答案]tohit专题强化训练(五)Ⅰ.语法填空A(2019·贵州市安顺高中期末)B

eijingofChina,whichboastsepochal(划时代的)inventionsinancienttimes,hasonceagainproveditsability1.______________(change)theworldwithits“NewFourGreat

Inventions”：high­speedrailways,electronicpayments,sharedbicyclesandonlineshopping.Thenewfourgreatinventionsareall

relatedtoChina'shigh­techinnovation,2.____________isdramaticallyimprovingthewell­being(福祉)ofallChinesepeople.Ourwalletsarenolongerinuse.Wecanbuyan

deatwhateverwewant3.______________(simple)bytappingourcellphones,andevenpancakesellersnowadaysareusingAlipay.Sharedbikes4.______________(them)arenotn

ew,buttheoperatingmodelofbike­sharing5.______________(base)onsatellitenavigationsystem,mobilepayment,big

dataandothertechnologies.Sharedbikesarebringingcyclingback6.______________people'slivesandtheyaremakingpubli

ctransportmoreattractiveandconvenient,and7.____________(encourage)peopletobemoreactive.ItisincreasinglyclearthatChinaisinnovating(创新)andnolon

gercopyingwesternideas.ItisobviouslyclearthatChinaisleadinginmanywayssuchassocialmessagingappWeChat.Thisispartly8.____________ChinaskippedoverthePCe

ra­andwentdirectlytomobile.Chinahasthelargestmobileuseintheworld.9．______________growingnumberofforeignershopetopromotee

conomic10.______________(develop)intheirhomecountriesbyhighlightingtheneedfortechnologicalachievementslikethatofChina.语篇解读：本文介绍中国

的新四大发明。越来越多的外国人希望通过强调对中国这样的技术成就的需求来促进本国的经济发展。1．[解析]考查动词不定式。此处是动词不定式作后置定语，abilitytodosth.“做某事的能力”。故填tochange。[答案]tochange2．[解析]考查非限制性定语从句。句意：新的四大发明

都与中国的高科技创新有关，这极大地改善了中国人民的福祉。前面整个句子作先行词，在后面的定语从句中作主语，故填which。[答案]which3．[解析]考查副词。句意：我们可以买和吃任何我们想要的东西，可以通过点

击我们的手机完成。副词修饰动词，故填simply。[答案]simply4．[解析]考查反身代词。句意：共享自行车本身并不新鲜，但自行车共享的运营模式是基于卫星导航系统、移动支付、大数据等技术。结合句意

此处是反身代词作同位语，故填themselves。[答案]themselves5．[解析]考查固定搭配。句意：共享自行车本身并不新鲜，但自行车共享的运营模式是基于卫星导航系统、移动支付、大数据等技术。固定搭配：bebasedon“以……为基础”，句子是一般现在时态的被动语态，主语是单数第三人称，故

填isbased。[答案]isbased6．[解析]考查介词。句意：共享自行车正在把自行车带回到人们的生活中，它们使公共交通更有吸引力，并鼓励人们积极活跃。固定搭配：bringbackto“带回到”，故填to。[答案]to7．[解析]考查现在分词。句意：共享自行车正在把自行车带回到人们的生活中

，它们使公共交通更有吸引力，并鼓励人们积极活跃。此处是现在进行时态，故填encouraging。[答案]encouraging8．[解析]考查表语从句。句意：这在一定程度上是因为中国跳过了个人电脑时代，直接进入了移动领域。此处应是because引导的表语从

句，故填because。[答案]because9．[解析]考查固定词组。句意：越来越多的外国人希望通过强调对中国这样的技术成就的需求来促进本国的经济发展。固定词组：agrowingnumberof“越来越多的”

，故填A。[答案]A10．[解析]考查名词。此处economic“经济的”，是形容词，修饰名词，故填development。[答案]developmentB(2019·四川省射洪县射洪中学高三开学考试)Nooneknowsexactlyhowtheea

rthbegan,asit1.______________(happen)solongago.However,accordingtoa2.____________(wide)acceptedtheory,theuniversebeganwitha“BigB

ang”thatthrewmatter3.____________alldirections.Afterthat,atomsbegantoformandcombinetocreatestarsandother4.____________(body).Forse

veralbillionyearsafterthe“BigBang”，theearthwasstilljust5.____________cloudofdust.Whatitwastobecomewasuncertain6.____________between4.5and3.8billiony

earsagowhenthedustsettledintoasolidglobe.Theearthbecameso7.____________(violence)thatitwasnotclear8._______

_____theshapewouldlastornot.Itexplodedloudlywithfireandrock.Theywereintime9.____________(produce)carbon,nitrogen,watervapourando

thergases,whichweretomaketheearth'satmosphere.Whatiseven10.____________(important)isthatastheearthcooleddown,

waterbegantoappearonitssurface.语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。没有人确切地知道地球是如何产生的，根据宇宙大爆炸的理论，宇宙大爆炸之前地球不过是一片尘埃。后来尘埃形成了一个坚实的球状物，然后火和岩石爆炸，产生二

氧化碳、氮、水蒸气和其他气体，构成了地球的大气层，随后随着地球的冷却，出现了水。1．[解析]考查动词的时态。根据solongago得知，此处讲述的是过去的事情，故用一般过去时。故填happened。[答案]happened2．[解析]考查副词。此处用副词作状语修饰动词accept。故填wi

dely。[答案]widely3．[解析]考查介词。此处表示四面八方用inalldirections。故填in。[答案]in4．[解析]考查名词。other修饰名词复数形式。故填bodies。[答案]bodies5．[解析]考查冠词。此处表示一团灰尘，ac

loudofdust。故填a。[答案]a6．[解析]考查时间副词。句意：随后它会变成什么没人能知道，直到38亿至45亿年前这团尘埃才慢慢地形成一个固体的球状物。故填until。[答案]until7．[解析]考查形容词。本句中become是系动词，此处用形容词

形式作become的表语。故填violent。[答案]violent8．[解析]考查引导词。句意：不清楚这种形状是否会持久。故填whether。[答案]whether9．[解析]考查固定短语。句意：他们及时制造出二氧化碳、氮气、水蒸汽以及其他气体——这些气体

构成了地球的大气。本题考查beintimetodosth.“来得及做某事；及时做某事”这一固定短语。故填toproduce。[答案]toproduce10．[解析]考查形容词比较级。句意：更重要的是地球冷却下来。even修饰比较级，故填moreimportan

t。[答案]moreimportantⅡ.短文改错(2019·吉林市联考)WhenIwas5yearsold,Istartedmyjourneytotheworldofmusic.Playingthe

pianobecomesagreatsourceofjoy.Now,studyaloneabroad,Ihavefoundotherwaytoenjoymusic­performinginmyschool

band.IremembertheveryfirsttimewhenIplayedinaband.Ipracticedalot.Still,whenIsatatthepiano,Ifeltscaredandi

tseemedthatIwasgettingsmall.Myhandswentcoldwhentheconductorandotherbandmemberstaredatme.Thestringofnotesthatcam

eoutthepianocouldnotbecallingamelody.However,thatwasonlythebeginningofyourchallenges.Inmyopinion,eventhoughthecha

llengesaredifficultformetogetthrough,buttheymakebothmeandthebandevenstrong.[答案]WhenIwas5yearsold,Istartedmyjourneytotheworldofmusic.P

layingthepianobecomesbecameagreatsourceofjoy.Now,studystudyingaloneabroad,Ihavefoundotheranotherwaytoenjoymusic­performinginmysc

hoolband.IremembertheveryfirsttimewhenIplayedinatheband.Ipracticedalot.Still,whenIsatatthepiano,IfeltscaredanditseemedthatIwasgettingsmall.M

yhandswentcoldwhentheconductorandotherbandmembermembersstaredatme.Thestringofnotesthatcameout∧ofthepianocouldnotbeca

llingcalledamelody.However,thatwasonlythebeginningofyourmychallenges.Inmyopinion,eventhoughthechallengesaredifficultformetogetthr

ough,but＼theymakebothmeandthebandevenstrongstronger.Ⅲ.阅读理解(2019·新疆乌鲁木齐第一次质量监测)Followingtheoldsayingof“earlytobedandearlytorise”Iusedtogotobeda

t10p．m.andgetupearlyat6a．m.togetreadyforschool.Butthatday,asitwascloudy,Icontinuedtosleepforlong,thinkingittobetheea

rlyhoursoftheday.Suddenly,Iheardaloudvoicewhichstartledmeupandmademesitupright.Itwasmymother'svoicewhowasknockingand

shouting,“Getuphoney.It's6：45a．m.already!Youaregettinglateforschool！”Asitwasacloudyday,Ihadn'trealizedthatitwasalmost7andcontinueddozingforl

ong!Butthankfullythatdayourpick­uppersonwhogenerallyusedtocomeat6：50a．m.gotlateduetotheshowersandarriv

edjustinthenickoftimewhenIwasready.Bythetimewereachedschoolitwasaquartertoeightandthedrizzlefrompreviousnighthadf

inallystopped.Ienteredtheclassroomfearingtheteacher'sanger,butsawonlyafewstudentshadmadeittoschool.Therefore,theprincipaldeclaredah

oliday.“Hurray！”Weallcheeredinachorusattheunexpectedholidayanddecidedtowalkbackhome.Asithadbeencontinuouslydrizzlingsince

thepreviousnighttherewaswaterallovertheplaceandtheroadswereimpassable.Justthen,atadistancemysisterandIsawlit

tlekidsplayinginknee­deepwaterinthestreetswhichtouchedtheplaybuttoninus.Wequicklyapproachedthemandmerrilyjumpedandhoppedinthep

oolofwaterwiththem.Withshoesinourhandswecontinuedparadingonthemuddystreets.Wewerethrilledandourheartswerefilledw

ithjoyatthesightofthegreenandfreshleavesonthetrees;thefrogsdrewourattentionaswetriedtocatchbutterflies.Wefinallyreachedhomebusilyplayingandl

aughingwithmud­spattereduniformsandshoes.Wehurriedlychangedouroutfits,washedupandsatwatchingTVwithabowlofhotsoup

!Nodoubt,Ithoroughlyenjoyedthisdayandsecretlyprayedformanysuchdaysinthefuture!_To_this_day_when_it_pours,_the_memories_of_that_eventf

ul_rainy_day_bring_a_smile_on_my_face!语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。这篇短文讲述的是如何使我们的身体健康。短文中主要提到了两点：一是要早睡早起，保证充足的睡眠；二是要多做运动，使身体强壮，精力充沛。1．Whichtit

lecanbestsummarizethemainideaofthetext?A．AnUnforgettableRainyDayB．WhenYouAreLateforSchoolC．ChildhoodMemoriesD．GamesWeUsedtoPlay[解析]标题归纳题。根据第一段中“Fol

lowingtheoldsayingof“earlytobedandearlytorise”Iusedtogotobedat10p．m.andgetupearlyat6a．m.togetreadyforschool.Butthatday,asitwascloudy

,Icontinuedtosleepforlong,thinkingittobetheearlyhoursoftheday.”可知，本文讲述的是一个难忘的雨天。故选A。[答案]A2．Accordingtothetext,whydidtheauth

orgetuplate?A．Hedidn'tsetanalarmclock.B．Hedidn'tawakeatsixo'clock.C．Hismotherforgottoremindhim.D．Theclou

dyweathermadehimmistakethetime.[解析]推理判断题。根据第一段中“Butthatday,asitwascloudy,Icontinuedtosleepforlong,thinkingittobetheearlyhoursoftheda

y.”可知，作者起床晚是因为多云的天气使他弄错了时间。故选D。[答案]D3．Whathappenedtotheauthorwhenhegottoschool?A．Theteacherwasveryangrywithhisbeinglate.B．Thepr

incipaldeclaredaholidayunexpectedly.C．Allofhisclassmateswerehavingclassesasusual.D．Herememberedthattheschooldidn'thavecl

assesonthatday.[解析]细节理解题。根据第三段中“Therefore,theprincipaldeclaredaholiday.‘Hurray！’Weallcheeredinachorusattheunexpectedholidayandde

cidedtowalkbackhome.”可知，作者到学校后校长出人意料地宣布放假。故选B。[答案]B4．Whatdoestheauthormeanbysayingtheunderlinedwordsint

helastparagraph?A．Hedoesn'twantarainyday.B．Therainbowafterrainmakeshimhappy.C．Thatrainydayhelpedhimkeep

goodmemories.D．Hewantstohavemorerainydaysinthefuture.[解析]推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Nodoubt,Ithoroughlyenjoyedthisdayandsec

retlyprayedformanysuchdaysinthefuture！”可推知作者说“那个雨天帮助他保持了美好的记忆。”故选C。[答案]CⅣ.完形填空(2019·拉萨中学第一次月考)ItwastheGreekshopkeeperin

asmallcornershopinLondonthattaughtmeaboutthepowerofanactof____1____，whichhasmotivatedmetogive.Iwasastudent,____2____an

dverypoor.Iwouldworkearlymorningandlatenightstopayformy____3____，andIwastired—reallytired—allthetime.OnthedayIwenttothats

hopforthefirsttime,Iwas____4____withaveryhighfever.Ihadbeen____5____workforafewdays,andrunoutof____6____.Havingbeenworkings

ohardsinceImovedtotown,Ihadno____7____nearbywhocouldhelp.Normally,Iwouldhavegonetothe____8____，butonthisoccasion,IwentintotheGreekshopbecauseit

was____9____.I____10____afewitems,fromthelooksofwhichrevealedthe____11____thatIlivedalone.ThenIhandedthemtotheshopkeeper,whotoldme,“

Youareunwell.”ShepointedatthesalamiandbreadIwasbuyingand____12____，“Icanmakeyouasandwich,soyoudon'thavetodoityo

urself.”Inodded,rathertimidly.So,shemadethe____13____andaskedmeto____14____amoment.Shewentinthebackroomandreturnedwithaco

ntainerofhotsoup.“Iwill____15____youup，”shesaidwithabroad,genuine____16____.Whatreallywarmedmeup,____17____，wasnotthesoup.Itwashersmilean

dkindnessthatmademefeel____18____whenIwasparticularlylonely.Ihadbeenquite____19____，but,fromthatdayon,Ididnotletshyness

preventmefrom____20____randomactsofkindness.语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。伦敦的街角有一个希腊人开的商店。店主让作者感受到了善意之举的力量，并激励作者去帮助他人。作

者搬到城里以后忙于工作，没有认识的朋友，他感到很孤独。商店店主对他的关心鼓舞使作者克服害羞，主动去帮助他人。作者从帮助他人中获得了快乐。1．A.braveryB．politenessC．kindnessD．faith[解析]考查名词。A.bravery“勇敢”；B.

politeness“礼貌”；C.kindness“善良”；D.faith“信仰”。根据ItwastheGreekshopkeeperinasmallcornershopinLondonthattaughtmeaboutthepowe

rofanactof____1____，whichhasmotivatedmetogive.可知，是在伦敦一个小角落里的那个希腊店主教会了我一种善良行为的力量，这激发了我的热情。故选C。[答案]C2．A.friendlyB．singleC．unreliableD．honest[

解析]考查形容词。A.friendly“友好的”；B.single“单一的”；C.unreliable“不可靠的”；D.honest“诚实的”。根据Iwasastudent,____2____andverypoor.可知，我是一个学生，单身，而且很穷。故选B。[答案]B3．A

.apartmentB．dreamC．studiesD．company[解析]考查名词。A.apartment“部门”；B.dream“梦想”；C.studies“学习”；D.company“公司”。根据Iwouldworkearlymorningandlate

nightstopayformy____3____，andIwastired—reallytired—allthetime.可知，我会在清晨和深夜工作，为我的学习买单，而且我一直都很累——真的很累。故选C。[答案]C4．A.concern

edB．hotC．hungryD．sick[解析]考查形容词。A.concerned“关心的”；B.hot“热的”；C.hungry“饥饿的”；D.sick“生病的”。根据OnthedayIwenttothatshopforthefirstt

ime,Iwas____4____withaveryhighfever.可知，在我第一次去那家商店的那天，我发着高烧，病得很重。故选D。[答案]D5．A.offB．inC．fromD．beyond[解

析]考查介词。根据Ihadbeen____5____workforafewdays,andrunoutof____6____.可知，我失业了几天，吃光了饭。故选A。[答案]A6．A.clothesB．foodC．en

ergyD．hope[解析]考查名词。A.clothes“衣服”；B.food“食物”；C.energy“精力”；D.hope“希望”。故选B。[答案]B7．A.colleaguesB．relativ

esC．friendsD．parents[解析]考查名词。A.colleagues“同事”；B.relatives“亲戚”；C.friends“朋友”；D.parents“父母”。根据HavingbeenworkingsohardsinceImovedtotown,Ihadno_

___7____nearbywhocouldhelp.可知，自从我搬到城里以来，我一直在努力工作，我身边没有朋友可以帮忙。故选C。[答案]C8．A.clinicB．companyC．GreekshopD．supermarket[解析]考查名词，A.clinic“诊所”；B.company“公司”；

C.Greekshop“希腊商店”；D.supermarket“超市”。根据Normally,Iwouldhavegonetothe____8____，butonthisoccasion,IwentintotheGreekshopbecauseitw

as____9____.可知，通常情况下，我会去超市，但在这个场合，我去了希腊商店，因为它离得更近。故选D。[答案]D9．A.closerB．fartherC．preparedD．reliable[解析]考查形容词。A.closer“更靠近”；B.

farther“更远”；C.prepared“有准备的”；D.reliable“可靠的”。故选A。[答案]A10．A.cameacrossB．pickedupC．wipedoutD．putoff[解析]

考查动词词组。A.cameacross“碰巧”；B．pickedup“拾起，偶然学到”；C.wipedout“扫除”；D.putoff“推迟”。根据I____10____afewitems,fromt

helooksofwhichrevealedthe____11____thatIlivedalone.可知，我捡起了一些东西，从它的样子可以看出我一个人住的事实。故选B。[答案]B11．A.resultB．giftC．factD．chance[

解析]考查名词。句意见上题解析。A.result“结果”；B.gift“礼物”；C.fact“事实”；D.chance“机会”。故选C。[答案]C12．A.concludedB．imaginedC．guessedD．of

fered[解析]考查动词。A.concluded“得出结论”；B.imagined“想象”；C.guessed“猜测”；D.offered“提供”。根据ShepointedatthesalamiandbreadIwasbuyingand____12____，“Icanmakeyouasandw

ich,soyoudon'thavetodoityourself.”可知，她指着我买的意大利香肠和面包说：“我可以给你做一个三明治，这样你就不用自己做了。”故选D。[答案]D13．A.sandwichB．salamiC．breadD．soup[解析]

考查名词。A.sandwich“三明治”；B.salami“香肠”；C.bread“面包”；D.soup“汤”。根据So,shemadethe____13____andaskedmeto____14____amoment

.所以，她去做三明治，让我等一会儿。故选A。[答案]A14．A.considerB．sitC．waitD．hold[解析]考查动词。句意见上题解析。A.consider“考虑”；B.sit“坐下”；C.wait“等待”；D.hold“握住”。故选C。[答案]C15．A.

fixB．warmC．turnD．take[解析]考查动词。A.fix“安装，修理”；B.warm“使温暖”；C.turn“转变”；D.take“拿走”。根据“Iwill____15____youup，”shesaidwithabroad,genuine____16_

___.可知，“我要让你暖和起来，”她带着真诚的微笑说。故选B。[答案]B16．A.cryB．coverC．laughD．smile[解析]考查名词。句意见上题解析。A.cry“大叫，叫声”；B.cover“覆盖物”；C.laugh“笑声”；D.smile“微笑”。故选D。[答

案]D17．A.thoughB．insteadC．tooD．still[解析]考查副词。A.though“然而”；B.instead“相反”；C.too“也”；D.still“仍然”。根据Whatreallywarmedmeup,____17____，wasnotthesoup.可

知，不过，真正让我感到温暖的不是汤。故选A。[答案]A18．A.amazedB．caredC．lostD．confused[解析]考查形容词。A.amazed“感到惊讶的”；B.cared“关心的”；C.lost“丢失的”；D.confused“困惑的

”。根据Itwashersmileandkindnessthatmademefeel____18____whenIwasparticularlylonely.可知，当我特别孤独的时候，她的微笑和善良让我感到被关心。故选B。[答案]B19．A.sat

isfiedB．kindC．honestD．shy[解析]考查形容词。A.satisfied“感到满意的”；B.kind“和蔼的”；C.honest“诚实的”；D.shy“害羞的”。根据Ihadbeenquite____19____，but,fromthatday

on,Ididnotletshynesspreventmefrom____20____randomactsofkindness.可知，我一直很害羞，但从那天起，我就没有让羞怯阻止我做一些随意的善举。故选D。[

答案]D20．A.performingB．searchingC．desertingD．treating[解析]考查动词。A.performing“表现”；B．searching“搜寻”；C.deserting“抛弃”；D.treating“

治疗，对待”。故选A。[答案]A